Risk Assessment
CONTENTS
1.0
INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Scope 1.3 Document Co Control 1.4 Definitions
2.0
RESPONSIBILITIES 2.1 General Manager 2.2 Line Managers 2.3 AGM - Safety
3.0
RISK ASSESSMENT 3.1 Risk Assessment Pr Process 3.2 Hazard Identification 3.3 Risk Analysis 3.4 Risk Assessment 3.5 Risk Control 3.6 Communications 3.7 Monitoring 3.8 Modif odific icat atio ion n and and Cha Change nge Con Conttrol 3.9 Audits and Reviews
4.0
TASK RISK ASSESSMENT FO FORM 4.1 Introduction 42 “N b
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Purpose
The purpose of the procedure is to ensure that before any actions are taken, or any commitments are made by XYZ COMPANY personnel, all ventures and activities are subjected to a risk assessment.
The risk assessment will identify the hazards and detail the controls required to reduce the risks to a level which is as(A) low(L) as(A) reasonably(R ) practicable(P) [ALARP].
1.2
Scope
The procedure defines the actions which will be taken to carry out a risk assessment for all business, operational and task activities undertaken by personnel working for XYZ COMPANY.
1.3
Document Control
In line with XYZ COMPANY’s OH&S Policy this procedure is available as a “Read Only” document on the Computer. In addition to this, hard copies will be controlled and distributed in accordance with the OH&S Document Control and Distribution Procedures. 1.4
Definitions
2.0
RESPONSIBILITIES
2.1
General Manager / Head Faculty
The General Manager at facility will ensure that appropriate risk management arrangements are in place by the implementation of these procedures. 2.2
Line Managers
The Line Managers responsible for originating the venture, operation or task are responsible for ensuring that a risk assessment is carried out on an on-going basis before any commitments are made or actions are carried out. Line Managers will ensure that: • •
risk assessments are conducted and kept up to date, appropriate controls are identified, put in place and maintained.
Line Managers will ensure that a generic risk assessment is produced for the core activities which they control. 2.3
AGM – Safety / Plant Manager / Safety Head
AGM – Safety / Plant Manager/Safety Head will provide specialist advice and support as required.
3.0
RISK ASSESSMENT
3.1
Risk Assessment Process
The risk assessment process is illustrated below: Identify likely hazards at all locations
Ensure compliance and improve system
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
AUDIT AND REVIEW
Analyse hazard severity and likelihood of occurrence
RISK ANALYSIS Evaluate results. Determine acceptability
MODIFICATION AND CHANGE CONTROL
RISK MANAGEMENT
RISK ASSESSMENT
Assess all changes and modifications
MONITORING
RISK CONTROL
• • •
•
• •
The by-products or emissions from the activities, products and services carried out. Equipment, which may cause noise or vibration. Systems or activities, which are likely to be susceptible to chemical, biological or radiation hazards. Those activities which by their nature could cause damage to the health, safety or well being of XYZ COMPANY employees and other personnel including visitors . The competence requirements of the people carrying out the activity. The environment under which the activity is to be carried out.
Note: The hazard identification should cover the employees, contractors’ personnel as well as visitors. The hazards which may be identified during the hazard identification process includes, but is not limited to, personal exposure to: odour • long Term Health • light • manual handling of Machinery parts, loads • falling from height • falling objects • noise • use of hand tools / pneumatic • contact with machinery • contact with electricity • asphyxiating gases •
3.3
Risk Analysis Risk = Hazard Severity (Impact) x Likelihood of Occurrence (Probability)
All risk analyses and risk assessments will be documented. The method used depends on the complexity of the situation and will be determined by the Line Managers. For simple risk analysis, the following criteria will be used:
Rating Scale of Impact Rating
Occupational Health
HIGH (H)
Illness which ultimately cause loss of life or permanent damage to body organ viz. loss of hearing, chronic diseases due to exposure to hazardous pollutants etc. Medical Treatment Illness
MEDIUM (M)
LOW (L)
Medical Aid Illness
Occupational Safety Disabling injury , loss of body part/s or fatality
Equipment
Material
Loss of function of facility for more than 4 hrs & or repair costs typically Rs. 2 Lakhs & above.
Lost of material typically Rs.10 Lakhs & above
Medical aid injury (hospitalization)
Loss of function of facility for 1 to 4 hrs or repair costs typically Rs.0.5 Lakhs to Rs.2 Lakhs
First Aid Injury
Loss of function of facility upto 1 hour or repair costs typically upto Rs.0.5 Lakhs
Loss of Material typically Rs.1 Lakh to Rs.10 Lakhs Loss of material typically upto Rs.1 Lakh
Rating Scale of Probability Rating
Occupational Health
Occupational Safety
Equipment
Material
Rating Scale
H
3
3
4
M
1
2
3
L
1
1
3
SEVERITY (IMPACT)
The ALARP principle defines an upper threshold above which no risk is tolerable and a lower threshold, below which risk is considered negligible. The ALARP region lies between these thresholds, within which risks should be reduced until the cost of any further action outweighs the incremental benefit gained.
INTOLERABLE LEVEL
UNACCEPTABLE REGION
(Risks cannot be justified on any grounds)
only if risk reduction is impracticable or if its cost is grossly disproportionate to the improvement gained
TOLERABLE
THE ALARP REGION
TOLERABLE if cost of reduction would exceed the improvement gained.
BROADLY ACCEPTABLE REGION
3.5
NEGLIGIBLE RISK with
no need for detailed working to demonstrate ALARP
Risk Control
The level of risk encountered will determine the level of control required. Where unacceptable
4.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) . (i.e. Use PPE to provide personnel with protection against the hazard. e.g. Use ear hearing protection in high noise areas. Use eye protection when using grinders.) PPE is a “control of last resort” which must never be used as a primary control. (e.g. During overhead work a catch net may be rigged to catch any dropped tools or equipment. The catch net is the primary control for dropped objects. The hard hats worn by personnel working below the catch net is only secondary protection.)
After the identified controls have been put in place to reduce the risk to a level, which is ALARP, there may be residual risks associated with the activity, which cannot be controlled. These are the risks associated with: •
•
• •
•
•
slips, trips and falls (i.e. some people ‘fall over their own feet’ and manage to slip or trip on a clean and tidy floor) manual handling (i.e. young fit men have been known to “slip a disc” when lifting a 10 kilogram load) pinch points (i.e. people catch their fingers in between light loads or in between tools) access and egress (i.e. people step back and fall off low level platforms or turn their heads and hit themselves off nearby equipment) competence (i.e. competent persons make mistakes whilst carrying out tasks for which they have been trained and which they have carried out safely on many previous occasions) lack of immediate assistance (i.e. there may be circumstances when, should a hazard be realised, there will be no immediate assistance available and therefore a minor injury may escalate to a fatality).
The residual risks present in an operation may accumulate to such a level that the
• •
3.7
the controls which are to be implemented and maintained the emergency procedures which are to be put in place to mitigate the effects of a hazard being realised.
Monitoring
The Line Manager responsible for the original risk assessment will: • •
•
•
3.8
ensure compliance with all statutory requirements establish a programme of monitoring, maintenance, examination and testing to ensure that the controls are put in place and maintained communicate to the personnel concerned the results of the risk assessment monitoring programme. Copy of the latest risk assessment revision is available in -situ
Modification and Change Control
The Shop floor supervisor in charge will ensure that arrangements are established to assess any changes or modifications to: • • •
ventures, operations or tasks plant facilities or equipment procedures or conditions
The section/ Supervisor in -charge will ensure that the arrangements identify and minimise or control any new hazards which may have arisen from the change or modification.
4.0
TASK RISK ASSESSMENT FORM
4.1
Introduction
The “Task Risk Assessment Form” has been developed to ensure a consistent approach to risk assessment. The form may be used for all simple risk assessment activities even though it is designed to be used for specific activities or ‘tasks’. As a general rule, the risk assessment process should involve as many people as possible to ensure that all available expertise is used to identify the hazards and to decide the controls which have to be put in place. 4.2
“Number”
Each risk assessment will be given a unique identifying number to ensure that the continuation pages and final page can be related to the original task under assessment. 4.3
“Work to be Carried Out”
In the “Work to be Carried Out” box, the assessor should give a full description of the work (‘task’) which is to be undertaken. For larger projects it may be necessary to break the project down into the smaller elements of work which make up the whole of the project. In these circumstances, great care must be taken to ensure that:
4.5
“Notes”
The “Notes” section are to remind the assessor that: • • •
4.6
HS = Hazard Severity LoO = Likelihood of Occurrence Risk = HS x LoO as defined by We procedures.
“Activity”
To complete a task there may be many different activities. The assessor should identify the different activities which make up the task and address them individually. For example, the task of changing a light bulb could be broken down into separate activities as follows: • • • • • •
selection preparation removal installation testing disposal.
Each activity has its own set of potential hazards. 4.7
“Hazard”
This section is where the individual activity is considered in relation to the conditions under
For example: • •
•
if the Hazard Severity is “High” (Table I - “fatality or permanent disability) and the Likelihood of Occurrence is “Low” (Table II - “it happens very rarely or it is very unlikely to happen”) then the Risk is “Medium” (Table III - “High” hazard severity multiplied by “Low” Likelihood of occurrence).
In this instance the assessor would write: • • •
“H” in the column below HS “L” in the column below LoO “M” in the column below Risk.
It must be remembered that the assessor makes his assessment in light of the controls already in place. Because the risk is at “Medium”, some extra control must be put in place to reduce the risk to As Low As Reasonably Practicable. 4.9
“Controls Required to Reduce Risk to ALARP”
In this section, the assessor indicates the extra controls which will be required to reduce the risk to a level which is as low as reasonably practicable. In some instances, the control required may be as simple as only carrying out the task in daylight, only carrying out the task if it is not raining etc. In other cases, there may be a requirement for engineering change, specific procedures or the use of PPE. In all instances, the should ref to Sectio 3.5 and select the thod of trol fro the highest
4.11
“Risk Assessment Carried Out By”
The names of all persons involved in the Risk Assessment should be recorded in this section. The person or persons carrying out the risk assessment should have a sound knowledge of: • • • • •
4.12
controls in place task to be carried out hazards which may be present conditions under which the activity will be performed controls which are available.
“Authorised for Issue”
After the risk assessment has been completed, it should be reviewed by a competent and independent person who was not involved in the risk assessment itself. (Usually the Line Manager originating the task.) After carrying out the review, the examiner will sign the risk assessment and, subject to the controls being put in place, the task can be carried out. NOTE: 1. The purpose of a risk assessment is to ensure that hazards are identified and controls put in place so that the task is performed with risks which are ALARP. 2. At the end of a risk assessment, it may be decided that the ALARP principle cannot be applied. In this case, the task must be abandoned or modified. 3. If the task is modified, then a second risk assessment MUST be performed.
NUMB ER
WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT
CONTROLS IN PLACE:
Notes:
HS = Hazard Severity LoO = Likelihood of Occurrence ACTIVITY HAZARD
HS
Risk = HS x LoO as defined by SCDL procedures. LoO Risk Controls Required to reduce risk to ALARP
Page 1 risk.doc
NUMBER
ACTIVITY
HAZARD
HS
LoO
Risk
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Controls Required to reduce risk to ALARP
RISK ASSESSMENT FORM - FINAL PAGE
NUMBER
ACTIVITY
HAZARD
HS
LoO
Risk
Controls Required to reduce risk to ALARP
RESIDUAL RISKS:
RISK ASSESSMENT CARRIED OUT BY:
AUTHORISED FOR ISSUE:
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