SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY MAJOR Ir KAMARULZAMAN BIN MUSA (Retired)
[email protected] 03-87831180
TERMINOLOGIES
• SAFETY IS AN ATTITUTE, A FRAME OF MIND. IT IS THE AWARENESS OF ONE’S ENVIRONMENT AND ACTIONS ALL DAYS, EVERY DAY. SAFETY IS KNOWING WHAT IS GOING ON. KNOWING HOW TO PREVENT IT. •
TO DO THIS DOES NOT REQUIRE A GENIUS, A PHD OR EVEN A TITLE OR RANK.
• ALL IT REQUIRES IS INTELLIGENCE AND RESONABLE AMOUNT OF NATIVE ABILITY -TO SEE, TO HEAR, TO SMELL AND TO THINK.
TERMINOLOGIES
SAFETY The state of being safe: freedom from injury or danger An individual’s judgment or perception of risk
PENGENALAN TERMS & DEFINITIONS
OSH – Occupational Safety & Health DOSH – Department of Occupational Safety & Health JKKP – Jabatan Keselamatan & Kesihatan Pekerjaan CIDB – Construction Industry Development Board OSHA – Occupational Safety & Health Act 1994 FMA – Factories & Machinery Act 1967 BOWECS – Factories & Machinery (Building Operation & Works of Engineering Construction) (Safety) 1986
ACCIDENT An accident is an unexpected, unplanned event in a sequence of events, that occurs through a combination of causes; It results in physical harm (injury or disease) to an individual, damage to property or environment, a loss or any combination of these effects
PENGENALAN TERMS & DEFINITIONS
An INCIDENT is a near miss A situation or event that occurred, usually minor and brings fear to people
Dangerous occurrence
TERMINOLOGIES
OHSAS 18001 : Occupational Health & Safety Accreditation Series 18001:1999 SHO: Safety and Health Officer SSS: Site Safety Supervisor GREEN BOOK: SHO Passport issued by DOSH YELLOW BOOK: SSS Passport issued by DOSH GREEN CARD: ID for construction workers issued by CIDB
What Is ……….. & Safety? RISK chance@ probability of harm actually happening @ frequency of occurrence and its impact (Risk - the probability (LIKELYHOOD) of the hazards to cause harm or injury).
HARM maybe defined as the adverse effect which may arise from exposure to hazard
INTRODUCTION TERMS & DEFINITIONS
Danger : Relative exposure to hazards (i.e. controlled
hazard is less dangerous than an uncontrolled one.) A sign of risk. Hazard : anything (by itself or interacting with others) that is an actual or potential cause or source of harm. Hazard could means activity, arrangement, circumstance, event, occurrence, process, phenomenon, situation, or substances (e.g. chemicals, radiation, electricity etc)
PHYSICAL •Noise •Radiation •Temperature •Lighting
BIOLOGICAL •Bacteria •Fungus •Mould
PSYCHOSOCIAL •Work demand •Shift work •Stress MECHANICAL •Falls •Entanglement
ELECTRICAL •Direct contact •Electrostatic
Ergonomic •Repetitive work •Lifting/handling •Etc.
CHEMICAL •Dust •Vapor •Gas
PENGENALAN TERMS & DEFINITIONS
HI RA RC
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Risk Control
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Look for hazards that could reasonably be expected to cause significant harm Check list Walk through survey Brainstorming session Systematic studies (eg HAZOP) Signage's Observation & comparison
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Look for hazards that could reasonably be expected to cause significant harm Complaints / Reports / Suggestion Consultations Inspections Audits Accident Investigation Analysis Workers safety knowledge
Hierarchy of Hazard Control •
Elimination of the hazard
•
Substitution of the hazard
•
Isolation of the hazard by separating people from it
•
Control of the hazard by engineering
•
Control by applying safe work protocol
•
Provision of training and information
•
Provision of personal protective equipment
INTRODUCTION TO OSH
SAFETY SIGNAGES A sign referring to a specific object, activity or situation and providing information or instruction about health and safety at work by means of : a signboard, a safety colour, an illuminated sign, an acoustic sign, & a verbal communication or a hand signal.
PENGENALAN
SAFETY SIGNAGES A system of safety colours and signs is to draw attention to objects and situations, which affect, or could affect, health or safety.
PENGENALAN
HAND SIGNAL Means a movement or the position of the arms or the hands or a combination, in coded form, for guiding persons who are carrying out manoeuvres which create a risk to the health and safety of people at work.
PENGENALAN
ACOUSTIC SIGNAL Means coded sound signal which is released and transmitted by a device designed for the purpose, without the use of a human or artificial voice.
PENGENALAN
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Means a predetermined spoken message communicated by a human or artificial voice.
CONSTRUCTION SAFETY SCENARIO IN MALAYSIA
JUMLAH KEMALANGAN DILAPOR DAN KEMALANGAN MAUT DITERIMA (Sumber : PERKESO dan JTK) 120,000
1,500 KEMALANGAN MAUT
1,337
1,073 1,100
9 8 ,2 8 1
993 907
700
500
6 8 ,0 0 8
60,000
7 0 ,6 9 0
70,000
M AUT
900
8 7 ,3 8 9
8 8 ,3 8 9
9 5 ,2 2 2
1,012
90,000
80,000
1,092
8 3 ,5 1 3
1,042
1,292
1,300
8 1 ,0 0 3
1,135
8 9 ,0 4 9
KEM ALANGAN
1 0 8 ,4 1 8
110,000
100,000
1,291
7 7 ,7 4 2
1,308
50,000
300
100
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006 21
• Salient points from local experts – – – – – – – – –
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION SAFETY FIRST-CONCEPT
HOW TO HELP THE CONTRACTORS TO MANAGE OSH?
STRATEGIC TRUST FOR OSH MANAGEMENT
COMMITTMENT
SPECIFICATION IN CONTRACTS
TENDER EVALUATION
GOOD CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
WELL TRAINED STAFF
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION The Concept
Before we go further……
First, we have to understand… The Concept of Project Management & OSH Management
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION
i -D Project Controls
QUALITY
Cost
Time
Project Management ‘Wedge’ Principle Construction on Paper Econo mica Functio l & nal Quality
Master Bud get
Master Programme
2-D Construction in Practice
De Techn sign & ologica l Quali Value ty Engine ering Design Estim ates & Budgets
Detailed Design Schedules
Tender/Con
struction Budgets
Detailed Tender Schedules
3-D
Start Operations & Maintenance
Techn ical Q uality Review Contract Ad min. & Cha nge Order
Overall Interfacing Programme
Commissioning Phase
Organization
Acceptance
Construction Phase Procurement Phase
Information
Study & Definition Phase
Design Phase
Feasibility Study
Delivery
se s a h ct P Contract e j o r Awarding all P t u Final gho u o r Design g th n i k -ma n o i is Dec
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION SAFETY FIRST-CONCEPT
Knowing the construction Phases & Processes WHEN does UTAMAKAN KESELAMATAN Should Starts?
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION SAFETY FIRST – WHEN? CONSTRUCTION ON PAPER INITIATIVE
CONSTRUCTION IN PRACTICE ORGANIZATION
QUALITY OPERATIONS &
COST
MAINTENANCE
TIME
COMMISSIONING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
ACCEPTANCE
DESIGN PHASE STUDY PHASE
FEASIBILITY STUDY
DELIVERY CONTRACT AWARDING
INFORMATION
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION SAFETY FIRST-CONCEPT
In broader construction terms, safety (accident prevention/protection of lives and assets) must starts at project inception stage through project implementation, commissioning and decommissioning stage.
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION Good OSH Management (Cont..) CONSTRUCTION ON PAPER
PRE CONSTRUCTION (Tender Document)
CONSTRUCTION IN PRACTICE
CONSTRUCTION (Contract Management)
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION
1. CONTRACT SPECIFICATION MUST CONSIDER OSH AS AN IMPORTANT AND PRIORITY IN THE WAY OF CONDUCTING BUSINESS UNDERSTAND & RECOGNISES OHS LEGAL OBLIGATIONS WITH REGARDS TO CONTRACTORS & SYSTEMS ARE DEVELOPED TO MANAGE THE PROCESS REQUIRED TO DEMONSTRATE THAT THERE IS AN APPROPIATE SYSTEM & CAN VERIFY ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN PRACTICE CONTRACTORS ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLY WITH CONTRACT SPECIFIC OSH REQUIREMENTS
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION
1. CONTRACT SPECIFICATION LEGAL REQUIREMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS STANDARD RULES & REGULATIONS SAFETY MANAGER/SHO/SSS HEALTH & SAFETY PLAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT TRAINING FIRST AID WELFARE OF WORKERS SECURITY
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION
STANDARD RULES AND REGULATIONS COLOUR CODING SYSTEM ON SAFETY HELMETS PPE POLICY VISITORS POLICY SAFETY MANAGER/SHO/SSS HEALTH & SAFETY PLAN OTHER SAFETY EQUIPMENT SAFETY INDUCTION / TRAINING HOSPITAL/CLINIC/FIRST AID ROOM WELFARE OF WORKERS (Accommodations, sports) SECURITY
OSH MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION ON PAPER INITIATIVE
CONSTRUCTION IN PRACTICE ORGANIZATION
QUALITY OPERATIONS &
COST
MAINTENANCE
TIME
COMMISSIONING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
INFORMATION
ACCEPTANCE
DESIGN PHASE STUDY PHASE
FEASIBILITY STUDY
DELIVERY CONTRACT AWARDING
PENGURUSAN OSH DALAM PEMBINAAN Organization -PROJECT HSSE DIVISION HSSE GENERAL MANAGER
AUTHORITIES / CONSULTANT 2 X CLERK
HEALTH & SAFETY SECTION
SECURITY SECTION
ENVIRONMENT SECTION
HEALTH & SAFETY MANAGER
SECURITY MANAGER
ENVIRONMENT MANAGER
SAFETY OFFICER
SITE SAFETY SUPERVISOR
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION SH Organization in Construction Industry
3 levels of organizations Client/owner Contractor head office Contractor project office
CLIENT’S OFFICE
CLIENT
SAFETY COMMITTEE
PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONSULTANT (PMC) SAFETY MANAGER (Planning Supervisor)
CORPORATE OFFICE CONTRACTOR
MAIN CONTRACTOR
SAFETY & HEALTH MANAGER (CORPORATE LEVEL)
SAFETY COMMITTEE (CORPORATE LEVEL)
OSH MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION 1.ORGANISATION BETWEEN HQ & PROJECT
CEO / MD Management overlap
SAFETY MANAGER
PROJECT MANAGER SAFETY & HEALTH OFFICER
SITE SAFETY SUPERVISOR
FOREMAN PLANNING SUPERVISOR (cdm)
DESIGNATED PERSON WORKERS SAFETY COMMITTEE
Project Management-HQ
Site Project Management
OSH MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION 2. OSH SYSTEM RELATIONSHIP - HQ & PROJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MANUAL SETS OF MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES FOR S&H
POLICY ORGANISATION RISK ASESSMENT PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION AUDITING
S&H WORKING INSTRUCTION S&H PROJECT PLAN Management overlap Project Management-HQ
PROJECT SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Site Project Management
PROJECT OFFICE CONTRACTOR
MAIN CONTRACTOR
SAFETY COMMITTEE (CORPORATE LEVEL)
SAFETY & HEALTH MANAGER (CORPORATE LEVEL)
PROJECT A
PROJECT B PROJECT C PROJECT D PROJECT E
SAFETY & HEALTH OFFICER (PROJECT LEVEL)
FIRST FIRST AIDER AIDER
DESIGNATED DESIGNATED PERSON PERSON
SAFETY & HEALTH COMMITTEE (PROJECT LEVEL)
SITE SITE SAFETY SAFETY SUPERVISOR SUPERVISOR
CRANE CRANE OPERATOR OPERATOR
SITE SITE SUPERVISOR SUPERVISOR FOREMEN FOREMEN
Scaffolding Scaffolding Demolition Demolition Work Work
CONFINE CONFINE SPACE SPACE
Piling Piling Works Works Handling Handling of of Explosive Explosive Formwork Formwork Public Public Vehicular Vehicular Inspection Inspection of of Safety Safety Belt Belt Inspection Inspection of of Safety Safety Net Net Excavation Excavation
WORKERS WORKERS REPRESENTATIVE REPRESENTATIVE CHRA CHRA // ASSESSOR ASSESSOR
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT
PPE Policy MANDATORY: • Safety shoes and hard hat – to all personnel on site. • Full Body Harness- work at a height of 3 meters or more • Hand gloves – to all rough, vibrates works and handling of chemical • Safety glass/goggles/ face protection – to all welding, cutting and dusty works. • Respiratory protection- to all dusty job, involved chemical vapor • Safety Belt – not allow, only with special permission. • Hearing protection – to all noise more than 90 dBA
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION 2.TENDER EVALUATION VERIFICATION OF THE OPERATION OF THE OHS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EVALUATION OF REPORTS ON THE TENDERER’S HEALTH & SAFETY PERFORMANCE UNDERTAKING INTERVIEWS OR DISCUSSIONS WITH TENDERERS TO CONFIRM THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF CONTRACT OHS REQUIREMENTS EXAMINATION OF TENDERER’S OHS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION 3. CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
• A. MONITORING & SUPERVISION • B. WORKPLACE INSPECTIONS • C. CONTRACT RECORDS
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION A. Monitoring and Supervision 3. PROVIDING CONTRACTOR WITH ADVICE
ON UNUSUAL OR UNEXPECTED RISKS AND FEEDBACK ON AREAS OF NON COMPLIANCE. THIS MAY ARISE FROM: INSPECTION UNDERTAKEN BY
CLIENT/CONSULTANT (PMC) INSPECTIONS OR REPORTS FROM OTHER
PARTIES (internal & external) consultant THE AUTHORITIES (DOSH, CIDB, DBKL,JKR
etc) EXPERIENCE FROM SIMILAR CONTRACTS
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION A. MONITORING & SUPERVISION
1. REGULAR REVIEW OF CONTRACTOR OSH DOCUMENT SAFETY INDUCTION RECORDS PLANTS /MACHINES - MAINTENANCE/INSPECTION
RECORDS HIRARC DOCUMENTS EMPLOYEE TRAINING/COMPETENCY RECORDS MINUTES OF SAFETY MEETING
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION A. MONITORING & SUPERVISION
2. REGULAR SITE INSPECTION TO MONITOR COMPLIANCE WITH HEALTH & SAFETY PROCEDURES: •LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS •CONFORMANCE WITH HIRARC •CONFORMANCE WITH H&S PLAN •CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARD
RULES & REGULATIONS
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION B. Workplace Inspection
CONTRACT INSPECTION CHECKLIST GENERAL HEALTH & SAFETY (activities) INSPECTION
CHECKLIST WHO SHOULD CARRY OUT INSPECTIONS ?
?
FREQUENCY OF INSPECTIONS & AUDITS
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION C. CONTRACT RECORDS RISK ASSESSMENT (HIRARC) HEALTH & SAFETY PLAN CONTRACT DOCUMENTS HEALTH & SAFETY INSPECTION REPORTS MINUTES OF SAFETY & SITE MEETINGS INCIDENTS & ACCIDENTS INVESTIGATION REPORTS MONTHLY OHS PERFORMANCE REPORTS NON-CONFORMANCE REPORTS PHOTOGRAPHS & TEST RESULTS SITE INSTUCTIONS SITE DAIRY OR SAFETY DIARY
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION Contract Management o A. OFFICE ADMINISTRATION o o o o o o o o o o o o o
HSSE Policy Safety Committee SHO, SSS & Designated Person Statutory Notification Safe Work Procedure HSSE Meeting Method Statement Permit To Work Security & Welfare Arrangement Induction & Training Promotion Inspection & Audit Environmental Arrangement
o Documentation
SAFETY FIRST IN CONSTRUCTION Contract Management B. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES Excavation/Trenches
Woodwork/Carpentry
Piling
Blasting
Formwork/Rebar
Demolition
Concreting
Welding
Temporary Structures
Plant & Tools
Scaffolding
Lifting Operations
Working at Height
Working Over Water
Working at Night
ETC
THANK YOU
