n UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL PEDRO RUIZ GALLO FACULT ACULTAD DE CIENCI CIE NCIAS AS FÍSICA FÍS ICAS S Y MATEMÁ MATEMÁTICAS TICAS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA ELECTRÓNICA INTEGRANTES: Castope Vega Cesar C esar Augusto Leyva Carhuatanta Gean Carlo Rodas Carrasco Frank rlando Tucunango !ed"na #"lly $o%ell V&le' (uyen (a)lo !"guel *CENTE: Ing+ )l"tas Vera Carlos C,RS: C"rcu"tos El&ctr"cos II
La%)aye-ue ./0120.1/3
SISTEMA SISTEMA AUTOMAT AUTOMATIZADO IZADO DE RIEGO PARA LAS ÁREAS VERDES DE FACFYM
2
SISTEMA SISTEMA AUTOMAT AUTOMATIZADO IZADO DE RIEGO PARA LAS ÁREAS VERDES DE FACFYM
2
ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................... ......................................................... .............................................................. .......................................... 5 ................................................................................. ................................................... ......... 6 OBJETIVO GENERAL:.......................................
OBETIVOS ESPECIFICOS:....................................................................................6 1. FUNDAMENTO TEÓRICO...................................................................................7 1.1. AUTOMAT AUTOMATIZACIÓN........... IZACIÓN...................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ................................. ......77 1.1.1. CLASIFICACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA: ...................................................................7 1.1.1.1. Automat!mo! "a#$%a&o!:............................................................................7 1.1.1.'. Automat!mo! ()o*)ama&o!:.......................................................................8 1.1.'. APLICACIONES DE LA AUTOMATIZACIÓN: ...................................................9 1.1.+. ELEMENTOS ,UE FORMAN UN AUTOMATISMO: .......................................13 1.'. EL RIEGO................................. RIEGO............................................................. ....................................................... .................................................. .......................111.'.1. RIEGO POR GOTEO: ......................................................................................15 1.'.'. RIEGO POR ASPERSIÓN:..............................................................................16 1.'.+. RIEGO POR MICROASPERSIÓN: MICROASPERSIÓN:.................................................................17 1.'./. RIEGO POR MANGAS: ...................................................................................18 1.+. COMPONENTES 0 E,UIPOS E,UIPOS DE UN SISTEMA DE RIEGO................................ RIEGO....................... .........1 1 1.+.1. DIFUSORES 02O ASPERSORES:...................................................................19 1.+.'. MANGAS DE RIEGO:......................................................................................23 1.+.'.1. T(o! &% ma3*a!:........................................................................................23 1.+.'.'. Com(u%)ta o #o4u$$a &% )%*o: ..................................................................25 1.+.+. TUBER5A:........................................................................................................26 1.+.+.1. Com(o)tam%3to &%$ a*ua %3 )%&%! &% tu#%)6a!:......................................27 1.+./. LLAVE DE PASO:............................................................................................32 1.+.-. REDUCTOR DE PRESIÓN:.............................................................................32 1.+.. V8LVULAS AUTOM8TICAS:..........................................................................33 1.+..1. T(o!:...........................................................................................................33 1.+..'. Fu3"o3am%3to &% u3a 9$9u$a !o$%3o&%: ..............................................3 1.+..+. E$ *o$(% &% a)%t% ;
:............................................................35 1.+.7. FILTRO DE MALLA: ........................................................................................36 1.+.?. BOMBAS:........................................................................................................! 1./. COMPONENTES DE UN CIRCUITO AUTOMATIZA AUTOMATIZADO:..................................... DO:.......................................// ..// 1./.1. DIS0UNTOR: DIS0UNTOR:................................................................................................... 1./.'. CONTACTORES:.............................................................................................5 3
1./.+. MOTOR EL@CTRICO TRIF8SICO: .................................................................6 1././. TEMPORIZADOR A LA CONEIÓN: ..............................................................7 1./.-. PULSADORES:...............................................................................................8 '. METODOLOG5A DE DISEO ............................................................................49 '.1. IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LOS TIPOS DE PLANTAS................................................../ '.1.1. C@SPED:.........................................................................................................9 '.1.'. PALMERA DE COCO: .....................................................................................9 '.1.+. FICUS BENJAMINA:.......................................................................................5! '.1./. GUABA:...........................................................................................................51 '.1.-. IRESINE:..........................................................................................................51 '.1.. CUCARDA:......................................................................................................52 '.1.7. PONCIANA:.....................................................................................................53 '.1.?. CIPRES:...........................................................................................................53 '.1.. OREJA DE ELEFANTE:..................................................................................5 '.1.1. ALMENDRO:.................................................................................................55 '.'. 8REAS 0 PER5METROS DE LAS ZONAS DE RIEGO:........................................- '.+. LONGITUD 0 DI8METRO DE LA TUBER5A:........................................................-7 './. C8LCULO DEL VOLUMEN DEL POZO:............................................................... -7 '.-. C8LCULO DEL C8UDAL DE ASPERSORES 0 DIFUSORES:.............................-7 '.. CARACTER5STICAS DE LA BOMBA A USAR:.................................................... +. DISEO DEL SISTEMA:...................................................................................61 +.1. UBICACIÓN DE ASPERSORES:........................................................................... 1 +.'. ZANJAS:................................................................................................................ / +.+. UBICACIÓN DE TUBER5A:..................................................................................../ +./. EJEMPLOS DE CONEIÓN DE ELECTROV8LVULAS:......................................7 +.-. DISEO DEL CIRCUITO AUTOMATIZADO:......................................................... +.. DISEO DEL TABLERO ELECTRÓNICO:............................................................7 +.7. CIRCUITO DETECTOR PARA LLENADO DEL POZO..........................................71 /. ELECCIÓN DE E,UIPOS E INSTRUMENTOS:...................................................74 /.1. TABLA DE PRESUPUESTO TOTAL:.....................................................................? -. CONCLUSIÓN 0 RECOMENDACIONES:............................................................90 -.1. CONCLUSIONES:.................................................................................................. -.'. RECOMENDACIONES:......................................................................................... . LINOGRAF5A:............................................................................................... 93
4
INTRODUCCIÓ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
5
OBJETIVO GENERAL: •
D&#(**"(* 4*"&-%" %-$-"/ & & 0& #& -*&& & )$#&@" )& #$#%&'( )& *$&+" (%"';%$-" %&-$:$-()" *&:&?& %('>$ ( )&#-*$4-$ )& "# 4*"-&#"# )& ( $**$+(-$ )& (# ;*&(# )& FACFYM.
OBETIVOS ESPECIFICOS: D&%&*'$(* *&0&*$'$&%"# ,)*$-"# 4(*( -()( %$4" )& 4(%( &-"%*()( & ( :(-%()/ )& '")" )& (-&* &:$-$&%& & #" )& *&-*#" (+(. A4$-(* "# #$#%&'(# )& 4*"%"-"" )& -"'$-(-$"&# )"'%$-(# 4(*( ( (%"'(%$(-$ )& #$#%&'( )& *$&+". D$#&@(* &((* & :-$"('$&%" )& "# #$#%&'(# )& -"%*"/ #&#"*&# (-%()"*&#. M&?"*(* & -$)()" )& (# ;*&(# &*)&# )& &#%*( :(-%()/ +(*(%$()" *$&+" $:"*'& 4(*( -()( ;*&(. D$#'$$* "# &=-&#"# )& #" )& (+(/ %$$()" #"" " &-&#(*$" 4(*( '(%&&* & 4%$'(# -")$-$"&# (# ;*&(# &*)&# )& &#%*( :(-%().
6
1. FUNDAMENTO TEÓ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
1.1.1. CLASIFICACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA: E :-$ )& ( %&-""+,( &'4&()( 4(*( ( $'4&'&%(-$ )& #$#%&'( )& -"%*"/ #& 4&)& )$#%$+$* &%*& (%"'(%$#'"# -(>&()"# (%"'(%$#'"# 4*"+*('()"#.
1.1.1.1. Automat!mo! "a#$%a&o!: S& $'4&'&%( 4"* '&)$" )& $"&# :,#$-(# &%*& "# &&'&%"# 0& :"*'( & #$#%&'( )& -"%*" 4"* &?&'4"/ -"%(-%"*&# *&# $)"# &%*& #, 4"* -(>&# &-%*$-"#. L( &#%*-%*( )& -"&=$"()" &%*& "# )$#%$%"# &&'&%"# )( +(* ( ( :-$ +$-( 0& )&%&*'$( (# #&@(&# )& #($)( & :-$ )& (# #&@(&# )& &%*()(. S& 4&)& )$#%$+$* %*&# %&-""+,(# )$:&*&%&# • • •
F,)$-( &';%$-( " $)*;$-(. E-%*$-( *&# " -"%(-%"*&#. E&-%*$-( &#%;%$-( 4&*%(# +$-(# >$&#%(>&#.
L"# $-"&$&%&# :)('&%(&# )& "# (%"'(%$#'"# -(>&()"# #" 1. 2. 3. . 5.
O-4( '-" (-$". S" ' 4"-" :&=$>&#. L( '")$:$-(-$ " ('4$(-$ &# )$:,-$. S"" 4&*'$%& :-$"&# +$-(# #$'4&#. N" #$*& 4(*( $'4&'&%(* :-$"&# )& -"%*" " )& -"'$-(-$ -"'4&?(#.
L(# &%(?(# )& "# (%"'(%$#'"# -(>&()"# #" 7
1. P&)& #&* ' *">#%"#. 2. (?" -"#%" 4(*( #$#%&'(# ' #&-$"#. 3. E# ( %&-""+,( ' :;-$ )& &%&)&* 4"* -(0$&* "4&*(*$".
1.1.1.'. Automat!mo! ()o*)ama&o!: S& $'4&'&%( 4"* '&)$" )& 4*"+*('( 0& #& &?&-%( & '$-*"4*"-&#()"*. L(# $#%*--$"&# )& &#%& 4*"+*('( )&%&*'$( ( :-$ +$-( 0& *&(-$"( (# &%*()(# (# #($)(#. S& 4&)& )$#%$+$* 3 :"*'(# )& $'4&'&%(-$ •
•
•
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
1.1.'. APLICACIONES DE LA AUTOMATIZACIÓN: 8
A+"# &?&'4"# "# &-"%*('"# &
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
AGRICULTURA GANADER5A 0 PESCA S$#%&'(/ 4(*( & -"%*" )& $&*()&*"#/ #$#%&'(# (%"';%$-"# )& *$&+"/ #$#%&'(# )& -(#$:$-(-$ )$#%*$>-$ )& 4*")-%"#/ -"%*" -$';%$-" )& $&*"#/ -"%*" (%"';%$-" 4(*( ( ($'&%(-$ )& *&#&# (&#/ &%-.
Po) %%m($o: R&-$&%&'&%& #& ( &'4&()" ( %$$(* *&)&# )& #&#"*&# $(;'>*$-(# 4(*( # (4$-(-$ ( -%$"# )& $&*()&*"/ &-$('&%& & +*()&# &=4"%(-$"&#/ 4(*( 9
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
DOMÓTICA U #$#%&'( )"'%$-" &# -(4( )& *&-"+&* $:"*'(-$ 4*"&$&%& )& "# #&#"*&# " &%*()(#/ 4*"-&#(*( &'$%$* *)&&# ( "# (-%()"*&# " #($)(#. E #$#%&'( 4&)& (--&)&* ( *&)&# &=%&*$"*&# )& -"'$-(-$ " $:"*'(-$. L( )"'%$-( 4&*'$%& )(* *&#%( ( "# *&0&*$'$&%"# 0& 4(%&( &#%"# -('>$"# #"-$(&# (# &(# %&)&-$(# )& &#%*( :"*'( )& $)(/ :(-$$%()" & )$#&@" )& -(#(# "+(*&# ';# '("#/ ';# 4&*#"(&#/ 4"$:-$"(&# :&=$>&#. E #&-%"* )& ( )"'%$-( ( &"-$"()" -"#$)&*(>&'&%& & "# %$'"# (@"#/ & ( (-%($)() ":*&-& ( ":&*%( ';# -"#"$)()(. H" & ),(/ ( )"'%$-( (4"*%( #"-$"&# )$*$+$)(# ( %")" %$4" )& $$&)(#/ $-$)(# (# -"#%*--$"&# )& $$&)( ":$-$( 4*"%&+$)(. A)&';#/ #& ":*&-& ';# :-$"($)()&# 4"* '&"# )$&*"/ ';# (*$&)() )& 4*")-%"/ 0& +*(-$(# ( ( &"-$ %&-"+$-(/ #" ';# :;-$&# )& #(* )& $#%((*. E )&:$$%$(/ ( ":&*%( &# '&?"* )& '("* -($)()/ # %$$(-$ &# ("*( ';# $%$%$( 4&*:&-%('&%& '(&?(>& 4"* -(0$&* #(*$". P(*(&('&%&/ "# $#%(()"*&# )& 10
)"'%$-( ( $-*&'&%()" # $& )& :"*'(-$ "# '")&"# )& $'4(%(-$ #& ( 4&*:&--$"()". A#$'$#'"/ "# #&*$-$"# 4"#&%( +(*(%$( & 4&*:&-%" '(%&$'$&%" )& %")"# "# #$#%&'(#. E )&:$$%$(/ ( )"'%$-( )& " -"%*$>& ( ('&%(* ( -($)() )& $)(/ (-& ';# &*#;%$ ( )$#%*$>-$ )& ( -(#(/ -('>$( (# -")$-$"&# ('>$&%(&# -*&()" )$:&*&%&# &#-&(# 4*&)&:$$)(#/ -"#$+& 0& ( $$&)( #&( ';# :-$"( ( 4&*'$%$* )&#(**"(* :(-&%(# )"'#%$-(#/ 4*":&#$"(&#/ )& "-$" >(?" '$#'" %&-".
TRANSPORTE S$#%&'(# )& -"%*" #&@($(-$ )& %*;:$-"/ #$#%&'(# )& *()(*/ -"%*"&# $'$(-$ *>((/ #$#%&'(# ';0$(# &=4&)&)"*(# )& >$&%&#/ &%-.
Po) %%m($o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
1.1.+. ELEMENTOS ,UE FORMAN UN AUTOMATISMO:
12
;#$-('&%&/ "# &&'&%"# " )$#4"#$%$"# 0& -"#%$%& (%"'(%$#'" #" "# #$+$&%&# •
•
•
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
CONTROLADOR O AUTÓMATA: E# & )$#4"#$%$" " -"?%" )& )$#4"#$%$"# &-(*+()"# )& &#%(>&-&* & -*$%&*$" )& -"%*". P(*%$&)" )& ( #&@( 4*"4"*-$"()( 4"* & )&%&-%"* " #&#"* &-(()" & ( ';0$( " 4(%(/ )& (-&*)" -" (# $)$-(-$"&# )& "4&*()"* " )& (+ -*$%&*$" )& (-%(-$ 13
4*&$('&%& )&:$$)"/ )&%&*'$( ( -"**")$&%& #&@( )& -"%*" 0& )&>& #&* (4$-()( ( (-%()"* 4(*( '(%&&* ( ';0$( " ( 4(%( & (# -")$-$"&# )& :-$"('$&%" 4*&$#%(#. •
•
•
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o o o
L"# )$#4"#$%$"# )& #&+*$)() &-&#(*$"#/ L(# -")--$"&# &-%*$-(# )& #&--$ ()&-()( 4(*( (# ,&(# )& ($'&%(-$/ L"# (*'(*$"# -()*"# &-%*$-"# 4(*( & ("?('$&%" )& )$#4"#$%$"#.
1.2. EL RIEGO 14
E *$&+" #& 4&)& )&:$$* -"'" ( (4$-(-$ )& (+( & :"*'( (*%$:$-$(/ " 4"* & 4*")-%" )& ( $(/ ( )&%&*'$()" %&**&" -" & :$ )& 0& &#%& *&-4&*& $& )& '&)() 0& #&( (4*"&-(>& 4"* (# 4(%(# 0& & &#%; (**($+()(# 4&*'$%$)"&# $$* )&#(**"(*#&.
1.'.1. RIEGO POR GOTEO: S& & )&"'$( (#,/ 4"*0& 4&*'$%& ( (4$-(-$ )& (+( "# :&*%$$(%&# ( -%$" & :"*'( )& +"%(# "-($()( -" (%( :*&-&-$(/ & -(%$)()&# &#%*$-%('&%& &-&#(*$(# & & '"'&%" "4"*%" 4%$'". E#%( (4$-(-$/ #& (-& '&)$(%& ( *&) )& %>&*,(# )& -")--$ )$#%*$>-$ )& PVC " P"$&%$&"/ )& (%&*(&# )& *$&+" '(+&*(# " -$%(#/ -" &'$#"*&# " +"%&*"#/ 0& &%*&+( 4&0&@"# "'&&# )& (+( 4&*$)$-('&%&/ & :-$ )& "# *&0&*$'$&%"# ,)*$-"# )& -%$" )& ( -(4(-$)() )& *&%&-$ )& #&".
1.'.'. RIEGO POR ASPERSIÓN: C" &#%& '%")" & (+( #& (4$-( ( #&" & :"*'( )& $( %$$()" "# )$#4"#$%$"# )& &'$#$ )& (+(/ )&"'$()"# (#4&*#"*&#/ 0& +&&*( -"**" )& (+( 15
4&*$()( & +"%(#. E (+( #(& 4"* "# (#4&*#"*&# )"%()( )& 4*&#$ &+( (#%( &"# ( %*(# )& ( *&) )& %>&*,(# -( -"'4&?$)() "+$%) )&4&)& )& ( )$'&#$ ( -":$+*(-$ )& ( 4(*-&( ( *&+(*. P"* " %(%" ( )& (# -(*(-%&*,#%$-(# :)('&%(&# )& &#%& #$#%&'( &# 0& &# 4*&-$#" )"%(* ( (+( )&4*&#$ ( ( &%*()( & ( 4(*-&( )& *$&+" 4"* '&)$" )& #$#%&'( )& >"'>&". L( )$#4"#$-$ )& "# (#4&*#"*&# #& *&($( )& :"*'( 0& #& '"?& %")( ( #4&*:$-$& )& #&"/ )& ( :"*'( ';# "'"+&( 4"#$>&.
1.'.+. RIEGO POR MICROASPERSIÓN: A#, #& )&"'$( ( ( (*$(%& )& *$&+" 4"* (#4&*#$/ )& %$4" )& *$&+" "-($()"/ 4&# ( $( ( )$*$+$)( (-$( ( "( )& #&" -&*-(( ( ( 4(%(/ "-4()( 4"* (# *(,-&#. 16
U%$$( %>"# (#4&*#"*&# -" & '$#'" )$#&@" $)*;$-" 0& & *$&+" 4"* +"%&". E #$#%&'( #& >(#( & & *$&+" ;*>" 4"* ;*>"/ & :"*'( )& 4&0&@( $(/ :"*'()" -,*-" '"?()" & ( "( "-4()( 4"* (# *(,-&#. E &#%& #$#%&'( )& *$&+" "-($()" "# +"%&*"# ( #$)" *&&'4(()"# 4"* '$-*"(#4&*#"*&#/ 0& #& -""-( & ( %>&*,( %&*-$(*$(/ ?%" ( ( 4(%(. L"# (#4&*#"*&# #& ( -('>$()" ( '&)$)( 0& -('>$( "# *&0&*$'$&%"# )& "# -%$"#. S& 4&)& ">%&&* ;*&(# *&+()(# " ;'$(# )$:&*&%&# (4$-()(# -" & '$#'" &0$4" )& %>"#/ & -('>$" #& "+*( -('>$()" (# >"0$(# )& "# '$-*"(#4&*#"*&#. P"* " (%&*$"* &#%& '%")" &# ' )$;'$-" #& 4&)& -('>$(* ( (4$-(-$ )& (+( & ( '&)$)( )& "# *&0&*$'$&%"# )& -%$" #$ '")$:$-(* & -()( )& )$#&@" )& &0$4".
1.'./. RIEGO POR MANGAS: E#%& #$#%&'( '&?"*( ( &:$-$&-$( )& )$#%*$>-$ (4$-(-$/ *&&'4(( ( (# (-&0$(# 4*$-$4(&# )& -")--$ )$#%*$>-$. S$*& %(%" 4(*( -")-$* & (+( )& 4%" ( "%*" & & 4*&)$" -"'" %('>$ 4(*( (4$-(* & (+( ( "# #*-"#. 17
P(*( (4$-(* & (+( ( "# #*-"# 4*&#&%( 4&*:"*(-$"&# ( )$#%(-$(# )&%&*'$()(# -" ;(# 4(*( (>*$* -&**(* & 4(#" )& (+(. S& $#%(( )# )& (>&*#& 4*&4(*()" & -('4" 0& ( #$&'>*( #& (( *&($()". D#/ #& 4&)& #(* -()" (#, #& *&0$&*( )*(%& ( -"#&-(. L(# '(+(# &#%; &-(# )& '(%&*$( 0& *&#$#%& (# $-&'&-$(# )& %$&'4" )& #"/ (#$'$#'" )& "# )(@"# -(#()"# 4"* 4;?(*"# & $#&-%"# 0& 4&)( "-**$* )*(%& ( %&'4"*()( )& #$&'>*(.
1.3. COMPONENTES Y EQUIPOS DE UN SISTEMA DE RIEGO 1.+.1. DIFUSORES 02O ASPERSORES: 1.+.1.1. Du!o)%!:
18
S" ( )& (# 4(*%&# ';# $'4"*%(%&# & & -$*-$%" )& *$&+". S :-$ &# ( )& *&+(* -"'" #(& & (+(/ & ;+" )& *$&+" ( )$#%(-$(. L( #&&--$ )& '")&" "%*" )&4&)& & +*( 4(*%& )& ( "( ( *&+(* ( (%*( )& (# 4(%(# 0& &#% -&*-( 0& 4&)( ">#%(-$(* & (+(. •
•
P&*'$%& *$&+" -$*-(* 4&*'(&%& (+"# )$:#"*&# *$&+( -" :"*'( )& *&#%;+". A-(-& )& 3 ( 5/5 '&%*"#.
•
R()$" )& 1 ( 36!.
•
C()( )& 8 ( 1!! B ( 36!.
•
D*(-$ )& *$&+" '&)$" )& 12 '$%"#.
•
L"# )$:#"*&# &#%; )&#%$()"# 4(*( (# #4&*:$-$&# 4&0&@(#. S& 4&)& *&+(* -" 4*&-$#$ & (4&*%*( & (-(-&.
H To#%)a o Bo4u$$a: L( 4$&( 4"* )")& #(& & (+(. H( )$:#"*&# 0& ( $-"*4"*( "%*"# 0& "/ & &#& -(#" &-&#$%(*,(# -"'4*(*( (4(*%&. H( )$:&*&%&# %$4"# )& %">&*(# -()( ( %$&& -()( ;+" )$#%$%"#/ 4"* %(%" &# ' $'4"*%(%& 0& %&+(# 19
&#%"# )"# &&'&%"# & -&%( ( ( "*( )& &#-"+&* ( %">&*( 0& '&?"* #& ()(4%& ( ( "( 0& 0$&*&# *&+(*. T")"# "# :(>*$-(%&# :(-$$%( (# %(>(# & (# 0& $)$-( "# )$:&*&%&# -()(&# ;+"# 0& 4&)&# &#-"+&* )& ( '$#'( %">&*(.
H F$t)o: S :-$ &# &$%(* 0& ( #-$&)() 0& -"%$&& & (+( ">#%*( ( %">&*(. H Tu%)"a &% $m(%a: S$*& 4(*( )&#'"%(* ( 4(*%& #4&*$"* )& )$:#"* 4")&* *&($(* ( $'4$&( )& :$%*" " ##%$%-$ )& ( %">&*(. H V!ta*o: T*(#4"*%( & (+( )& ( *&) (#%( ( %">&*(. E #$#%&'( )& *$&+" #& #$%( >(?" %$&**( 4(*( *&+(*/ & ;#%(+" #& &&( #(& ( ( #4&*:$-$&. L( "+$%) )& ;#%(+" &# &&'&%" -(& ( ( "*( )& &#-"+&* )$:#"*/ ( 0& -")$-$"( ( (%*( ( ( 0& *&+(*;. H Cu%)(o &%$ &u!o) : E# ( -(*-(#( 0& &#-")& & *&#%" )& &&'&%"#. S&& #&* )& 4;#%$-" (0& %('>$ ( 4")&'"# &-"%*(* '&%;$-(/ #$&)" &#%( %$'( '-" ';# *&#$#%&%& ( +"4&# *"%*(#. H Ro!"a &% "o3%K3 E# " )& "# &&'&%"# -(&. P(*( *$&+"# )"'#%$-"# (# ';# (>$%(&# #" " . L( &&--$ )& ( *"#-( )&4&)& & +*( '&)$)( )& ( %>&*,( "# (--&#"*$"# #()"# & ( $#%((-$. C)t%)o! (a)a %!"o*%) %$ &u!o) A -"%$(-$ %& '"#%*('"# "# %*&# (#4&-%"# ';# $'4"*%(%&# ( %&&* & -&%( 4(*( &#-"+&* & )$:#"* o
La a$tu)a &% %$%9a"K3:
E# :(-%"* ' $'4"*%(%&/ $)$-( ( (%*( ( ( 0& #& &&( & ;#%(+" #">*& & #&". S$ " 0& #& 0$&*& &# *&+(* & -#4&)/ " ';# (>$%( &# #&&--$"(* " 0& %&+( ( (%*( )& &&(-$ )& &%*& 5 1!-'. P"* & -"%*(*$"/ #$ #& 0$#$&*( *&+(* -('4" )& $&*>( " (# ?(*)$&*(#/ ( (%*( )& ( &&(-$ )&4&)&*; )& %$4" )& 4(%(# # *&-%$( (%*(. P(*( 0& 4&)(# %"'(* ( *&:&*&-$(/ 4(*( *$&+" *&#$)&-$( & )$:#"* ';# :*&-&%& &# & )& 5 1!-'. o
La to#%)a:
E#%( 4$&( '(*-( & ;+" )& *$&+" )& )$:#"* # (-(-&/ (#, 0& &# $'4"*%(%& 0& #& 4*&#%& &-$( (%&-$ ( &#%& (#4&-%" #& &#-"?( ( "4-$ 0& '&?"* #& (?#%& ( (# &-&#$)()&#.
E#%"# #" "# %$4"# )& %">&*(# 0& 4&)&# &-"%*(* & & '&*-()" 20
H To#%)a! &% 3*u$o o: E#%& %$4" )& %">&*(# %$&& ;+" )& *$&+" :$?"/ 0& 4&)& #&* )& 9!/ 18!/ 27! " 36!. S :"*'( )& *&+(* &# (-$&)" (>($-" )& (+( # (-(-& )&4&)&*; )& ;+" 0& ((# &#-"+$)". H To#%)a! au!ta#$%!: S" (# '(# &*#;%$&#/ ( 0& 4&*'$%& (?#%(* & ;+" )& *$&+" ( %# &-&#$)()&#. M-"# '")&"# )& )$:#"*&# ( (# $-"*4"*( )& :;>*$-( #" ( "4-$ ';# *&-"'&)()(. C"'" (# %">&*(# )& ;+" :$?"/ (# (?#%(>&# *$&+( (-$&)" (>($-" )& (+(/ 4&*" & &#%& -(#" 4")&'"# *&+(* & ;+" )& *$&+". H To#%)a! )otat9a!: S" *&(%$('&%& &(# & & '&*-()"/ (# 4&)&# &-"%*(* )& ;+" :$?" " (?#%(>&. S 4*$-$4( $*%) &# 0& & -()( )& (+( &-&#(*$" 4(*( & *$&+" &# '-" '&"* 0& & (# (%&*$"*&# # *$&+" &# '-" ';# &:$-$&%&. M$&%*(# 0& (# %">&*(# "*'(&# (-& (>($-" )& (+( $:"*'&/ (# %">&*(# *"%(%$(# *$&+( -" "# -"**"# )& (+( 0& *"%( &%*& &"#/ #$#%&'( 0& 4&*'$%& *$&+" ';# "'"+&" 4(*&-$)" ( "# (#4&*#"*&# 4*":&#$"(&#. To#%)a! &% )a3a: S" 4(*&-$)(# ( (# )& ;+" :$?"/ 4&*" & &#%& -(#" " (-& (>($-" )& *$&+" #$ " 0& *$&+( "(# ' -"-*&%(#. P"* &?&'4"/ 4&*'$%& *&+(* 4(#$" #$ '"?(* :&*( )& -#4&). P&)&# &-"%*(* %">&*(# -" :*(?( & (%&*( )& )$:#"* " & ('>"# ()"#.
o
La )o!"a.
L( *"#-( )&4&)& & +*( '&)$)( )& )$:#"* #&&--$"()". L( ';# (>$%( &# / (0& #& 4&)& &-"%*(* )& 4(*( (4$-(-$"&# ';# 4*":&#$"(&#. P"* " +&&*( (-"#%'>*( ( #&* )& 4;#%$-"/ 4"* " 0& &# (-"#&?(>& #(* (--&#"*$"# )& '$#'" '(%&*$( 4(*( " )(@(*(#.
1.+.1.'. A!(%)!o)%! &% tu)#3a: 21
S" &0$4"# 0& )$#4"& )& ( %*>$( 0& ('&%( & (-(-& )& -"**" )& (+( 4&*'$%& & )(('$&%" )& -"**" ( " (*+" )& ( #&--$ )& %&**&".
•
•
R$&+" -$*-(* '&)$(%& -"**" #$'4&. A-(-& )& 5/5 (#%( 15 '.
•
R()$" )& *$&+" )& ! ( 36!.
•
C()( )& 1!! ( 26!! B.
•
•
D*(-$ )& *$&+" '&)$" 2! '$%"# )*(%& ';# %$&'4" 4&# " #& *$&+( %")( ( #4&*:$-$& ( '$#'" %$&'4". L(# %*>$(# #& )&#%$( 4(*( ->*$* +*()&# #4&*:$-$&#. S& 4&)& *&+(* -" 4*&-$#$ & " 0& #& *&:$&*& ( (4&*%*( (-(-&.
22
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
1.+.'.1. T(o! &% ma3*a!: D&#)& # '(%&*$( -"#%$%%$" 4&)& #&* :(>*$-()(# &
Po$%t$%3o ;P%>
23
Po$%t$%3o ;P%> "o3 !o(o)t% t%t
%$PVC ;PVC> "o3 !o(o)t% t%t
%$L(# '(+(# -" #"4"*%& %&=%$ 4*&#&%( ( +*( *&#$#%&-$( ( 4"()" '-,#$'" '("*. N" ">#%(%&/ ( ()&-()( $#%((-$ %*(%" )& ( '(+( *&)-& # )(@" -"#$)&*(>&'&%&. L(# ';# %$$()(# #" (# )& P& 0& #& 4*&#&%( & )$:&*&%&# &#"*&# )& 4(*&).
1.+.'.'. Com(u%)ta o #o4u$$a &% )%*o: 24
P&*'$%& *&+(* & -()( :;-$'&%& -" # #$#%&'( )& %(4( -"**&)$(/ %$4" +$"%$(.
S $#%((-$ &# ( %(*&( ' #&-$(/ *&-&*)& 0& ( '(+( %$&& 0& &#%(* &( ( %(-%" $'(+$& ( (*(?( M()*(. C()" $#%(& ( -"'4&*%( " ))& & (+?&*&(* & +(* &&+$)".
S #$#%&'( )& (4&*%*( 4&*'$%& *&%$*(* "?(#/ 4&0&@(# *('(# %")" %$4" )& *&#$)"# )& ( :"*'( #&-$(/ #$'4&'&%& (>*$&)" ( -"'4&*%( ( ';=$'".
1.+.+. TUBER5A:
25
L(# %>&*,(# 0& #& &'4&( & (# -(($(-$"&# )& (+( )& #$#%&'( )& *$&+" #" )& 4"$&%$&" )& -""* &+*". E#%(# %>&*,(# 4&)& #"4"*%(* +*()&# 4*&#$"&# 6 >(*&#/ " #& 4)*& " #& *�&>*(?(. E#%; )$#4"$>&# & (*$"# )$;'&%*"# 25 32 '' 4*$-$4('&%&. L( &&--$ )& )$;'&%*" #& (-& & :-$ )& -()( )& (+( *&0&*$)". S$ 4(*( ( $#%((-$ )& (+( ( #'( )& -()( )& "# (#4&*#"*&# &# $:&*$"* ( 25!! B 2/5 '3B/ #&*; #:$-$&%& -" ( %>&*,( )& 25 '' )& )$;'&%*". E -(#" -"%*(*$"/ #& #(*; & )& 32 ''.
Ra"o)%! (a)a )%*o 3t%*)a&o!: S& %$$( 4(*( -"&-%(* (# %>&*,(# )& *$&+" &=$#%& :"*'(%"# 4(*( %")" %$4" )& -"&=$"&#. A -"%$(-$ #& 4*&#&%( ( 4&0&@( #&&--$ )& &"# ( 0& &=$#%& '-"# ';# %$4"#.
C"&-%"* 4(*( $* )"# #&--$"&# )& %>".
C"&-%"* 4(*( ">%&&* *('( )& ( %>&*,( 4*$-$4(.
C"&-%"* #()" 4(*( $* &&-%*";(# -" (# %>&*,(#.
(#
C"&-%"* &'4&()" 4(*( *&($(* )"# )&*$(-$"&# )& ( %>&*,( 4*$-$4(.
26
C"&-%"* &'4&()" 4(*( #&(* & 4%" :$( )& -$*-$%" )& %>&*,(#.
C"&-%"* %$$()" 4(*( $* 4$&(# )& *$&+" -" #($)( &'>*(
C")" %$$()" 4(*( -('>$(* ( )$*&--$ )& ( %>&*,(.
1.+.+.1. Com(o)tam%3to &%$ a*ua %3 )%&%! &% tu#%)6a!: E +&&*(/ -()" #& (+*&+( -"#'" ( ( $#%((-$ )& (+( )& ( -(#(/ #& )&>&*,( &*$:$-(* 0& )$-( $#%((-$ #&( -(4( )& &%*&+(* & :?" )& (+( *&0&*$)" ( ( 4*&#$ ()&-()(. S$ >$& &# -$&*%" 0& &#%& %$4" )& &*$:$-(- #& #&& "'$%$* ( $#%((* (**(0& 4(*( ( (()"*( " (+*&+(* ( (& )& (+( 4(*( & ?(*),/ "'$%$* )$-( &*$:$-(-$ & ( $#%((-$ )& *$&+" "# 4&)& &(* ( 4&*)&* ( $&*#$ $'4"*%(%&. E#%" #& )&>& ( 0& & -"#'" )& #$#%&'( )& *$&+" (%"';%$-" 4&)& &+(* ( #&* >(#%(%& '("* 0& & -"#'" "*'( )& ( -(#( )& &-"/ #" *"-$()"* )& (*>#%"# )& 36! -"#'& ';# (+( 0& ( )-(.
,u %! $a ()%!K3 P"* )&:$$-$/ 4*&#$ &# ( :&*( (4$-()( #">*& ( $)() )& #4&*:$-$&. S& #&& '&)$* & $>*(# 4"* 4+()( -()*()( 4#$/ & >(* " & $"4(#-(&#. 27
S$ &'>(*+"/ -()" #& %*(>(?( -" ,0$)"# "'"+&&"#/ #& & 4&)& *&4*&#&%(* -"'" ( (%*( (#%( ( -( #& 4&)& (-&* &+(* )$-" ,0$)". L(# :"*'(# ';# -"'&# )& *&4*&#&%(* ( 4*&#$ & :"*'( )& (%*( #" "# '$,'&%*"# )& '&*-*$" "# '&%*"#W -"'(W)&W(+( '.-.(./ #$&)" &#%( %$'( ( $)() )& '&)$)( ';# #()( & )$#&@" )& *&)&# )& (+(.
,u (a!a "ua3&o !% mu%9% %$ a*ua &%3t)o &% u3a tu#%)6a
C"'" #& $#%*( & ( :$+*(/ #& 4*")-& ( )$#'$-$ )& 4*&#$ & ( '&)$)( & 0& & (+( :& )&>$)" ( ( :*$--$ 0& #& 4*")-& -" (# 4(*&)&# )& "# %>"#. E &#%& -(#"/ #& %$&& %*&# %*('"# )& )$#%$%" )$;'&%*" ( #&*$& )& %>"# &*%$-(&# 4(*( (4*&-$(* ( 4*&#$ & # $%&*$"*. S& 4&)& (4*&-$(* 0& (# )$#'$-$"&# ';# >*#-(# #& 4*")-& & "# %>"# ';# )&+()"#. P"* "%*( 4(*%&/ #& %$&& 0& ( :*$--$ ('&%( & ( '&)$)( & 0& ('&%( ( &"-$)() )& :?". C"'" & & 4*&#&%& -(#" " ( ()( 0& $'4$)( ( #($)( )& (+(/ ( &"-$)() ('&%((#%( 0& ( 4*&#$ ( ( #($)( )& ( -(@&*,( #& ((.
S% (u%&% "a$"u$a) $a! ()&&a! &% ()%!K3 %3 u3a "a%)6a S,. A -"%$(-$ #& '&#%*( ( :*'( 4(*( -(-(* ( 4*)$)( )& 4*&# 4"* -()( '&%*" )& %>&*,(.
X P*)$)( )& -(*+( & %(%" 4"* " '.-.(.B' ()$'&#$"( Q X C()( & '3B# D X D$;'&%*" $%&*$"* )& ( %>&*,( & ' C X C"&:$-$&%& )& *+"#$)() CX15! 4(*( PVC
28
,u (a!a ! 3"o)(o)amo! %$%m%3to! "omo 9$9u$a! "o&o! %t". C()" #& $-"*4"*( &&'&%"# 0& (%&*( & :?"/ #& 4*")-& *&'"$"# / & -"#&-&-$(/ #& 4$&*)& 4*&#$/ %( -"'" #& $#%*( & ( :$+*(. E ( '("*,( )& "# -(#"# / &#%( 4*)$)( )& 4*&#$ &# 4*"4"*-$"( ( ( (%*( )& &"-$)() >(#%( '%$4$-(* ( (%*( )& &"-$)() 4"* -"&:$-$&%& )& 4*)$)( )& -(*+( #$+(*/ )&"'$()" / & -( )&4&)& )& ( :"*'( )& &&'&%". P"* &?&'4"/ & ("* )& 4(*( -")" %,4$-" &# )& !/9. A#,/ #$ ( (%*( )& &"-$)() :&#& )& 1'/ ( 4*)$)( )& 4*&#$ & -")" #&*,( )& 9! -&%,'&%*"# 1 '&%*" '%$4$-()" 4"* !/9.
29
S% (u%&% &%t%)m3a) %3 u3 !K$o (a!o !m($% "u$ %! %$ t%3&&o &% tu#%)6a! &%a$ E +&&*( "/ ( 0& (>$%('&%& &=$#%& ';# )& ( "4-$ %-$-('&%& :(-%$>&. P"* " '$#'"/ ( & -""-$)(# (# -(*(-%&*,#%$-(# )& (**(0&/ #& )&>&*; 4&#(* & ( " ';# #"-$"&# 0& 4(*&-( *("(>&#/ *&$#(* # -"'4"*%('$&%" &*()"/ # -"#%" &* & 0 #& 4&)& '&?"*(*. N" #& %*(%( )& 4*"4"&* ( #"-$ (#%( & %$'" )&%(& & &#%( &%(4( 4(*( ( 4*$'&*( (4*"=$'(-$ >(#%(*; -" )&:$$* (+(# (*$(>&# *&&(%&#/ %(&# -"'" %$4" )& &'$#"*/ >$-(-$ (4*"=$'()( -" *&-%" ( (**(0& -"#$)&*()"/ -()( )& -$*-$%" ( 4*"4&#%( %&%(%$( )& )$;'&%*"# )& %>&*,(#. L&+" #& )&>&*; &#%$'(*/ 4"* %*('"#/ (# 4*)$)(# )& 4*&#$ & & -$*-$%*" ">#&*(* #$ #& '(%$&& & *(+"# (-&4%(>&#. T('>$ #& )&>&*; ">#&*(* "# -&"# )& >"%&( )& ( $#%((-$ &* #$ #& 4&)& '&?"*(* # -(4(-$)() ( -"#%" *("(>&. T('>$ #& )&>&*; ">#&*(* #$ #& 4&)& "+*(* ( &-""',( *&&(%& *&)-$&)" ( -(4(-$)() )& (+( 4(*%& )& ( $#%((-$ " &=$+$&)" ';# (+ -$*-$%". 30
CKmo !% "a$"u$a3 $a! ()&&a! &% ()%!K3 %3 u3 ")"uto "o3 )am"a"o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
E!t%3 o)ma! m! !m($%! &% &!%a) "a$"u$a) ")"uto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
1.+./. LLAVE DE PASO: P&*'$%& -"%*"(* )& :"*'( '(( ( (4&*%*( & -$&**& )& (+( & ( ,&( )& *$&+". S&+ & '")&"/ #& $#%(( &%*& )"# :*(--$"&# )& %>&*,( )& )$;'&%*"# 12 " 16 '' -"&=$"&# &#%*$()(#/ " &%*& ( :*(--$ )& %>&*,( -"&=$ &#%*$()( ( 4$&( *"#-()(/ '(-" " &'>*(/ )& -"&=$ *"#-()(. L(# (&# )& 4(#" #& )&>& $#%((* )& '(&*( 0& ( :&-( '(*-()( & & -&*4" )& ( 4$&( $)$0& & #&%$)" )& -()( )& (+(.
31
1.+.-. REDUCTOR DE PRESIÓN: D$#&@()" 4(*( #'$$#%*(* ( 4*&#$ )& #($)( -"#%(%& & ( $#%((-$ )& *$&+" "-($()". E=$#%& )$#%$%"# '")&"# 0& #'$$#%*( 4*&#$ )&#)& 1 ( 2/5 >(*&#.
1.+.. V8LVULAS AUTOM8TICAS: Y( (%&# #& (>,( #&@(()" ( &=$#%&-$( )& ;(# " #$#%&'(# (%"';%$-"# '((&#/ 4"#$>&# )& %$$(* & ( $#%((-$ )& *$&+"/ )&4&)$&)" )& # )$'&#$ -"'4&?$)()/ &%*& "%*(# -"#(#. N" ">#%(%& (0&"/ #&*; &-&#(*$"/ 4(*( 4")&* ';# ()&(%& -""-&* & :-$"('$&%" )& 4*"+*('()"* &-%*$-"/ -""-&* (+(# -(*(-%&*,#%$-(# )& -$&*%(# ;(# 0&/ )()" ## #$#%&'(# )& :-$"('$&%"/ 4"#&& (+(# -(*(-%&*,#%$-(# (#$'$(>&# ( 4*"+*('()"*/ -"'" %('>$ #& '&-$"(*; (%&*$"*'&%&.
1.+..1. T(o!:
32
V$9u$a! %$"t)"a! auto()o*)ama#$%!: #%(# ;(# -&%( -" #$#%&'( )& -$&**& (4&*%*( -"%*"()" 4"* #"&"$)& >">$( '"%()" &-$'( )& ( ;(/ #">*& & -(/ ( # &/ #& -"#%*& 4&0&@" 4*"+*('()"* ($'&%()" &-%*$-('&%&/ -" 4$(#/ >(%&*,(# B" %&#$ )& *&). A $+( 0& (# ;(# "'%*$-(#/ #%(# #" -"%*"( #&-%"* )& *$&+"/ -" ( )$:&*&-$( 0& %$&& ( -(4(-$)() )& ('(-&(* & 4*"+*('( " $#%*--$ $'4(*%$)( 4"* & "4&*()"* & ( '&'"*$( )$+$%( 4(*( *&4&%$*( 4&*$)$-('&%&/ #$ #& )&#&(/ ()&';# )& ":*&-&* '-(# 4"#$>$$)()&# 4(*( )$#%*$>$* & *$&+".
V$9u$a! %$"t)"a! !o$%3o&%!: F-$"( >;#$-('&%& $+( ( (# ;(# &-%*$-(# (%"4*"+*('(>&#/ -" ( &=-&4-$ 0& (# 4*$'&*(# :-$"( $)&4&)$&%&'&%&/ " &#%()" $+()(# ( 4*"+*('()"* & #, '$&%*(# 0& (# )& %$4" #"&"$)& :-$"( -"&-%()(# ( 4*"+*('()"* -&%*( 0& "*'('&%& -"%*"( (*$(# ;(#/ 4"* " '$#'"/ '-"# #&-%"*&# )& *$&+".
1.+..'. Fu3"o3am%3to &% u3a 9$9u$a !o$%3o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
33
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
1.+..+. E$ *o$(% &% a)%t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
34
( *&) )& 6! '.-.(.. E#%" )( '(*+& )& #&+*$)() )& ! '.-.(. 4(*( *&#$#%$* +"4& )& (*$&%& (+(# (**$>( )& ( ;(. P"* "%*( 4(*%&/ ( 4*&#$ (%'"#:*$-( &# )& (4*"=$'()('&%& 1! '.-.(. E#%" #$+$:$-( 0& #$ ( >(?( )& 4*&#$ (+(# (>(?" )& ( ;( #4&*( "# 1! '.-.(./ & (+( )&%*" )& ( %>&*,( #&+$*; )& (*+" 0&)(*; ( "( ( (-," ?%" ( ( ;(. L&+" & (+( #& )&%&)*;/ #& )&"&*; & $'4(-%(*; ( ( ;( 4*""-()" (( )& 4*&#$.
D% 4u &%(%3&% $a ma*3tu& &% %!ta! 9a)a"o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
-"'4*$'$)" (# -$'&&(# )& &0$$>*$" &#%" &#/ %>" &*%$-( (>$&*%" & # 4(*%& #4&*$"*. S$ >$& ( 4*$'&*( $#%( 4(*&-& (>#*)" 4&#(* & ( -$'&&( )& &0$$>*$" -" ( 4*&#$ )& (*$(# )&-&(# )& '&%*"# -"'( )& (+(/ (+(# (>(?" )& ( ;(/ "# '$#'"# *"-$()"*&# #& -"'4"*%( -"'" #$ " :&*(. P"* " '$#'"/ ( >(?( )& 4*&#$ ( ( #($)( )& ( ;( #& 4&)& *&)-$* ( *&)-$* ( )$#%(-$( &%*& ( ;( & 4*$'&* *"-$()"*.
1.+.7. FILTRO DE MALLA: L"# :$%*"# )& '(( -"#%( )& ( -(*-(#( &=%&*$"* & -" $%&*$"* #& #$%( " " (*$"# -$$)*"# -"-%*$-"# )& '((/ 0& #" "# &&'&%"# :$%*(%&#.
E &%*('()" )& ( '(( 4&)& #&* )& "/ 4"$#%&*/ 4&*" 4*&:&*&%&'&%& #& %$$( '((# )& (-&*" $"=$)(>&. A :-$"(* &#%& %$4" )& :$%*"# 4"* *&%&-$ #4&*:$-$( )& (# $'4*&(#/ #%(# 0&)( *&%&$)(# &%*& & &%*('()" )& ( '((/ 4"* " 0& "# :$%*"# )& '(( &+( ( # -"'()" '-" ';# *;4$)('&%&/ 0& (-& 0& #&( &-&#(*$" *&($(* ( $'4$&( 4&*$)$-( )& &#%"# :$%*"#. P"* &"/ &=$#%& :$%*"# )& '(( -" #$#%&'( )& (()" '((/ #&'$(%"';%$-" " (%"';%$-". E (0&"# :$%*"# 0& %$&& (()" (%"';%$-"/ #%& #& *&($( +&&*('&%& -" ( >"0$( 0& #& )(( 4"* ( '(( 0& #--$"( "# #&)$'&%"# )&4"#$%()"# & # #4&*:$-$&. N" #& *&-"'$&)( %$$(* &#%& %$4" )& :$%*" & (+(# ' #-$(#/ " 0& -"%&+( (+(# & ##4&#$.
36
T")( '(( :$%*(%& 0&)( -(*(-%&*$()( 4"* & '&*" )& (4&*%*(# 4"* 4+()( $&(/ 0& #& )&"'$( '&*" )&
mesh " '&*" )& '((#/ 0& ( ( )&:$$* # -(4(-$)()
)& :$%*()".
D&-$* %('>$ 0& & +*"#"* )& "# $"# )& ( '((/ 4(*( '$#'" '&*" )&
mesh
/ 4&)& #&* )$#%$%"/ #&+ #&( ( '(( )& 4;#%$-" " -" "# $"# )& (-&*" $"=$)(>&. E &#%& -(#"/ "# $"# )& ( '(( )& (-&*" $"=$)(>& #" ';# :$"# 0& "# )& 4;#%$-"/ 4"* " 0& & &-" 0& 0&)( $>*& & (# '((# )& (-&*" #" '("*&# 0& "# "*$:$-$"# )& (# '((# )& 4;#%$-".
E ;*&( &:&-%$( )& ( '(( Ae #& )&:$& -"'" & ;*&( &%( )& # "*$:$-$"/ #& ">%$&& '%$4$-()" # ;*&( %"%( A 4"* & 4"*-&%(?& )& &-"
)& ( '((/ &#
)&-$*/ Ae =%porcentaje de hueco· A
L( 4*)$)( )& -(*+( 0& #:*& & :?" )& (+( ( 4(#" 4"* :$%*" )& '(( #& #$%( &%*& 1 a3 m . c . a .
'&%*"# )& -"'( )& (+( -()" #%"# &#%; $'4$"#. E %")" -(#"/
( 4*)$)( )& -(*+( 0& 4*&#&%( -(0$&* :$%*" &# )(%" 0& )&>& #&* #'$$#%*()" 4"* & :(>*$-(%&.
37
P&*" #$ #& -"'( " #& $'4$( *&+(*'&%&/ ( 4*)$)( )& -(*+( 4&)& &+(* (#%( "#
5ó7m.c.a
./ )& (, ( $'4"*%(-$( )& *&($(* ( $'4$&( 4&*$)$-( )& (
#4&*:$-$& )& ( '(( & &#%"# :$%*"#. E -()( ( %*(%(* 4"* :$%*" )& '(( )&4&)&*; )& ( -($)() )& (+(/ & ;*&( &%( )& &&'&%" :$%*(%& ( 4&*)$)( )& -(*+( ()'$#$>&.
P(*( -(-(* ( #4&*:$-$& :$%*(%& S &-&#(*$(/ &# )&-$*/ & %('(@" & '&*" )& :$%*"# 0& #& )&>& $#%((*/ #& (4$-( ( #$+$&%& :"*'(-$ S > 1,2 · Qe / Qt
E=4*&#$ (%&*$"* 0& 4*"4"*-$"(*; ( #4&*:$-$& ',$'( :$%*(%& S 0& #&*,( &-&#(*$( $#%((*/ )")& "# (%&*$"*&# 4(*;'&%*"# 0& (4(*&-& & ( &=4*&#$ #" Qe &# & -()( )& (+( 0& &%*( 4"* & :$%*" 0& &# )(%" -""-$)" 4*"4$" )& (
$#%((-$/ Qt &# & -()( ';=$'" 0& &# 4"#$>& (%*(&#(* 4"* & :$%*". C" & %('(@" )& '(( ( -($)() )& (+( 0& #& %&+( & ( $#%((-$ #& %$$( ( #$+$&%& %(>(/ )& )")& #& ">%$&& ( &"-$)() *&( )& (+( ( # 4(#" 4"* ( '((. V&"-$)() *&( *&-"'&)()( & :$%*"# )& '((/ #&+ "* $:$-$" )& '(( -($)() )& (+( Tamaño del orificiode la malla ( micras , µm ) Clasede agua
3!! ( 125
L$'4$(
Velocidadreal del agua , ( m/ s )
!/ W !/9
38
3!! ( 125
C" (+(#
!/ W !/6
125 ( 75
C(0$&*(
!/ W !/6
P"* %$'"/ -" & )(%" ">%&$)" )& ( %(>( (%&*$"* 4(*( ( &"-$)() *&( )& (+( ( # 4(#" 4"* ( '((/ #& &'4&( ( %(>( #$+$&%& )& )")& #& ">%$&& & -()( ';=$'" Qt 0& 4&)& -$*-(* 4"* & :$%*" )& '((# 4"* $)() )& ;*&( )& :$%*()"
C()( ';=$'" & :$%*"# )& '(( #&+ ( &"-$)() )& (+( ( m/ s )
3
!/
6
!/6
67!
!/9
1!!
U( & ">%&$)" "# ("*&# )&
2
Qt ( m / h ) por m del !rea total
Qt
Qe )& ( &=4*&#$ (%&*$"* #& ">%$&& (
)$'&#$ %"%( )& ;*&( :$%*(%& S . E +&&*(/ 4(*( :$%*" )& '(( :$( 50−200 mesh #& *&-"'$&)( ( &"-$)() )& :$%*(-$ &"-$)() )& 4(#" )& (+( ( %*(# )& "*$:$-$" )& '(( )&
0,4 a 0,9 m / seg
.
E (+(# #4&*:$-$(&#/ +&&*('&%& ' -(*+()(# )& (+(#/ " -"$&& #">*&4(#(* ( &"-$)() )& 0,6 m / seg .
1.+.?. BOMBAS: L( >"'>( )& *$&+" #& &-(*+( )& #'$$#%*(* & -()( &-&#(*$" ( ( $#%((-$ )& *$&+" ( ( 4*&#$ *&0&*$)( 4"* "# &'$#"*&# 4(*( # -"**&-%" :-$"('$&%".
39
1.+.?.1. T(o! &% Bom#a! &% R%*o E %$4" )& >"'>(# 0& #& %$$( & (# $#%((-$"&# )& *$&+" #& -(#$:$-( & :-$ )& ( :&%& )& &&*+,( 0& *&0$&*&/ (#, &-"%*('"# (# #$+$&%&# E$%"t)o#om#a!: F-$"( '&)$(%& '"%"* &-%*$-" '"":;#$-" 23! " %*$:;#$-" !!/ )&4&)$&)" )& ( 4"%&-$( 0& 4"#&& & '"%"* &-%*$-".
Moto#om#a!: E'4&( -"'>#%$>&# ,0$)"# 4(*( # :-$"('$&%"/ ( 0& &'4&( '"%"*&# )& -"'>#%$. E -"'>#%$>& *&0&*$)" #&& #&* +(#"$( & -()" )& '"%">"'>(# )& 4&0&@" -(>((?& " +(#"$ 4(*( (# )& '("* 4"%&-$(.
E #" )& " "%*" %$4" )&4&)&*; )& (--&#" 0& %&+( ( :$-( ( #'$$#%*" )& -"**$&%& &-%*$-(/ ( 0& 4*&:&*$>&'&%& #& $#%(( &&-%*">"'>(# & "# -(>&(&# )& *$&+" 4"* # &-""',(. S& -(#$:$-( %('>$ & :-$ )& ( (%*( )& (#4$*(-$ 0& %$&&. L( (%*( )& (#4$*(-$ &# ( -"%( ( ( 0& #& $#%(( ( >"'>( 4"* &-$'( )& ( >"-( )& ( %>&*,( (#4$*(-$ )& (+(. A#, #& )$#%$+& Bom#a! !um%)*#$%! #& %$$( -()" & "# &'>(#&# )& *$&+" 4(*( &$'$(* "# 4*">&'(# )& (#4$*(-$ -()" ( (%*( )& (#4$*(-$ &# &&()(. S& $#%(( 40
>$& & ( #4&*:$-$& )& &'>(#& '&)$(%& & #" )& :"%()"*&# " & ( -;'(*( )& (#4$*(-$ (&=( 0& #& &( 4"* & 4*$-$4$" )& "# (#"# -"'$-(%&#.
Bom#a! 3o !um%)*#$%!: #& -""-( & ( #4&*:$-$& )& %&**&" #& %$$( -()" ( (%*( )& (#4$*(-$ &# >(?( " )$*&-%('&%& " ( 4"*0& ( >"'>( #& $#%(( ( ( (%*( '&"* ( ( >"-( )& ( %>&*,( )& (#4$*(-$. E#%(# >"'>(# ( # & #& -(#$:$-( 4"* ( 4"#$-$ )& &?& )& (--$"('$&%"/ )$#%$+$&)" •
•
Bom#a! =o)o3ta$%!: #& &'4&( 4(*( #'$$#%*(* &&()"# -()(&# >(?(# 4*&#$"&#. S" (# >"'>(# ';# #(&# 0& #& $#%(( & "# -(>&(&# )& *$&+".
Bom#a! 9%)t"a$%!: #'$$#%*( &&()(# 4*&#$"&#.
41
CKmo !% %!"o*% u3a #om#a E 4*$-$4$" &=$#%& >(#%(%& :&=$>$$)() 4(*( &#-"+&* ( >"'>(/ ( 0& &=$#%& '-(# >"'>(# 0& -'4$*; -" & *&0$#$%" )& &%*&+(* (+( ( ( 4*&#$ (&-()( ( "# *"-$()"*&#. S$ &#-"+&'"# ( >"'>( 4&0&@(/ &-&#$%(*&'"# ( $#%((-$ -" '-"# -$*-$%"#. S$ &#-"+&'"# ( >"'>( )& +*( -(4(-$)()/ &-&#$%(*&'"# '&*" '&"* )& -$*-$%"#. E ( 4*;-%$-( )&>&*&'"# &#"+&* ( -"'>$(-$ 0& *&#%& *("(>& )&#)& 4%" )& $#%( &-"'$-" 4*;-%$-". A+"# :(-%"*&# 0& $'$%( ( -(4(-$)() )& ( >"'>( #" ( -(4(-$)() )& ( $#%((-$ &-%*$-( & -"#'" )& -$*-$%" ';# +*()& 0& 4")('"# *("(>&'&%& -"-&>$*. N"%&'"# 0& " %$&& '-" #&%$)" *&+(* ?(*), -"'4&%" & #" -$*-$%"/ ( 0& 4&*)&*,('"# ( -(4(-$)() 4(*( *&+(* "# %$&'4"# )& *$&+". P"* "%*( 4(*%&/ " -"$&& %&&* )&'(#$()"# -$*-$%"#/ ( 0& #& &-(*&-& & #$#%&'( )& -"%*" ('&%( & %$&'4" &-&#(*$" 4(*( *&+(*. E ( 4*;-%$-( ( 0& )$#&@(* #$#%&'( -" '&*" *("(>& )& -$*-$%"#/ "?(; -" -"#'" #$'$(* 0& *&#%& &-"'$-('&%& -"&$&%&.
La ()%!K3 &% a*ua %! $a 4u% %3t)%*a $a #om#a !%*Q3 !u! %!(%""a"o3%! 42
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
Po&%mo! u!a) u3a #om#a (a)a %$%9a) $a ()%!K3 &% $a )%& &% a*ua (ota#$% S" #$ %$$('"# &#%(0& )& (-'(-$. S$ -"&-%;*('"# ( >"'>( )$*&-%('&%& ( ( *&)/ &=$#%& & *$&#+" )& 0& #& 4*")-( 4*&#$"&# &+(%$(# & #%( / #$ >$&#& (+( :$%*(-$/ #& 4")*,( $:$%*(* >(**"/ -"% -"%(' ('$ $( ()" )" & (+( (+( 4"%( 4"%(>& >&.. P"* P"* " '$#' '$#'"/ "/ &#%; &#%; 4*" 4*"$> $>$) $)" " *&($ *&($( (** &#%& &#%& %$4" %$4" )& -"&=$"&#.
43
1.. COMPONENTES DE UN CIRCUITO AUTOMATIZADO 1./.1. DIS0UNTOR: U )$#%"*/ &# (4(*(%" -(4( )& $%&**'4$* " (>*$* -$*-$%" &-%*$-" -()" &-%*$-" -()" ( $%&#$)() )& ( -"**$&%& &-%*$-( 0& 4"* -$*-( &=-&)& )& )&%&*'$()" ("*/ " & & 0& #& ( 4*") 4*")-$ -$)" )" -"*%"-$*-$%" -"*%"-$*-$%"// -" & ">?&%$" )& &$%(* )(@"# ( "# &0$4"# &-%*$-"#. A )$:&*&-$( )& "# :#$>&# :#$>&#// 0& )&>& #&* *&&'4(()"# %*(# $-" #"/ & )$#%"* 4&)& #&* *&(*'()" ( & "-($()" *&4(*()" & 4*">&'( 0& (( -(#()" # )$#4(*" " )&#(-%$(-$ (%"';%$-(. L"# )$#%"*&# #& :(>*$-( )& )$:&*&%&# %('(@"# -(*(-%&*,#%$-(#/ " -( (-& 0& #&( ('4$('&%& %$$()"# & $$&)(#/ $)#%*$(# -"'&*-$"#.
Ca)a"t%)!t"a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
P)3"(o &% u3"o3am%3to: 44
S 4*$-$4$" )& :-$"('$&%" #& >(#( & 0& ( #'( :(#"*$( )& (# $%&#$)()&# )& ,&( )& -$*-$%" &-%*$-" &# $+( ( -&*" ">#&*&'"# 0& & #$#%&'( '"":;#$-" ( -"**$&%& 0& -$*-( 4"* & &%*" %$&& &=(-%('&%& & '$#'" ("* 0& ( 0& -$*-( 4"* ( :(#&/ 4"* "# %(%"/ & #$%(-$"&# "*'(&# # #'( &# $+( ( -&*". C()" &" " #-&)&/ &# )&-$* -()" & &%*" " ( :(#& %$&*( ( 4*)$)( " )&*$(-$ )& -"**$&%& ( %$&**(/ 4*")-$*; )&#&0$$>*$" 0& (*; (-%(* & '&-($#'" )& )&#-"&=$ )& )$#%"*.
1./.'. CONTACTORES: E -"%(-%"* &# )$#4"#$%$" )& -"'%(-$ 0& #& (--$"( &&-%*"'(+%$-('&%&. S '$#$ &# ( )& -&**(* "# -"%(-%"#/ 4(*( 4&*'$%$* & 4(#" )& ( -"**$&%& ( %*(# )& &"# 4&*'$%$* 0& ($'&%& ( ( $#%((-$ " *&-&4%"*/ -" ( 4"#$>$$)() )& #&* -"'()()"# ( )$#%(-$(. E#%" "-**& -()" ( >">$( )& -"%(-%"* *&-$>& -"**$&%& &-%*$-(/ -"'4"*%;)"#& -"'" &&-%*"$'; (%*(&)" )$-"# -"%(-%"#.
V%3taa! &%$ u!o &% $o! "o3ta"to)%!: •
L"# -"%(-%"*&# 4*&#&%( &%(?(# & -(%" ( "# #$+$&%&# (#4&-%"# 4"* "# -(&# &# *&-"'&)(>& # %$$(-$. 45
• •
•
•
•
•
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
1./.+. MOTOR EL@CTRICO TRIF8 SICO : L"# '"%"*&# &-%*$-"# %*$:;#$-"#/ #& :(>*$-( & (# ';# )$&*#(# 4"%&-$(#/ )&#)& ( :*(--$ )& -(>(" (#%( (*$"# '$&# )& -(>("# )& :&*( HP/ #& "# -"#%*& 4(*( 4*;-%$-('&%&/ %")(# (# %&#$"&# :*&-&-$(# 5! 6! H "*'($()(# ' ( '&)"/ &#%; &0$4()"# 4(*( %*(>(?(* ( )"# %&#$"&# "'$(&# )$#%$%(#. S& &'4&( 4(*( (--$"(* ';0$(#W&**('$&%(/ >"'>(#/ '"%(-(*+(#/ &%$()"*&#/ +*(#/ '(0$(*$( &&()(/ #"4()"*&#/ &%-.
P)3"(o &% u3"o3am%3to: C()" ( -"**$&%& (%*($&#( "# (**"('$&%"# )& (# %*&# :(#&# )& '"%"*/ & & &#%(%"* #& "*$+$( -('4" '(+%$-" 0& $)-& -"**$&%& & (# >(**(# )& *"%"*. D$-( -"**$&%& )( "*$+& ( :?" 0& ( *&(--$"(* -" & :?" )& -('4" '(+%$-" )& &#%(%"*/ "*$+$(*; 4(*( '"%"* 0& 4")*; & '"$'$&%" ( *"%"*. D$-" '"$'$&%" &# -"%$"/ )&>$)" ( (# (*$(-$"&# %('>$ -"%$(#/ )& ( -"**$&%& (%&*( %*$:;#$-(. S"" )&>& (-&*#& "%(* 0& & *"%"* " 4&)& $* ( ( '$#'( &"-$)() 0& ( )& -('4" '(+%$-" +$*(%"*$". E#%" #& )&>& ( 0& ( -()( '"'&%" *&-$>& $'4#"# )& -('4"/ 4&*" ( -&#(* & &'4?&/ & *"%"* #& *&%*(#(. A &#%& :&'&" #& & ('( )&#$('$&%". D# )& &#& '"'&%" &)*; &" &'4?& &" )&#$('$&%"/ (#, #-&#$('&%&. D& &#%( '(&*( #& -"'4*&)& 0& & *"%"* -( "+*& (-((* ( '$#'( &"-$)() )& -('4" '(+%$-" +$*(%"*$". E# 4"* " -( *&-$>& & "'>*& )& (#,-*"" " (#$-*$-". E )&#$('$&%" 4&)& #&* '("* -":"*'& ('&%( ( -(*+( )& '"%"* +$-('&%&/ ( &"-$)() #& *&)-& & ( 4*"4"*-$ '("*. L"# '"%"*&# )& -"**$&%& (%&*( "# )& -"**$&%& -"%$( #& >(#( & & '$#'" 4*$-$4$" )& :-$"('$&%"/ & -( &#%(>&-& 0& #$ -")-%"* 4"* & 0& -$*-( ( -"**$&%& &-%*$-( #& &-&%*( )&%*" )& ( (--$ )& -('4" '(+%$-"/ #%& %$&)& ( )((*#& 4&*4&)$-(*'&%& ( (# ,&(# )& (--$ )& -('4" '(+%$-". E -")-%"* %$&)& ( :-$"(* -"'" &&-%*"$'; )&>$)" ( ( -"**$&%& &-%*$-( 0& -$*-( 4"* & '$#'" ()0$*$&)" )& &#%( '(&*( 4*"4$&)()&# '(+%$-(#/ 0& 4*""-(/ 46
)&>$)" ( ( $%&*(--$ -" "# 4""# >$-()"# & & &#%(%"*/ & '"$'$&%" -$*-(* 0& #& ">#&*( & & *"%"* )& '"%"*. P(*%$&)" )& &-" )& 0& -()" 4(#( -"**$&%& 4"* -")-%"* 4*")-& -('4" '(+%$-"/ ()&';# #$ " 4"&'"# )&%*" )& ( (--$ )& -('4" '(+%$-" 4"%&%&/ & 4*")-%" )& ( $%&*(--$ )& ('>"# -('4"# '(+%$-"# (-& 0& & -")-%"* %$&)( ( )((*#& 4*")-$&)" (#, ( &&*+,( '&-;$-(. D$-( &&*+,( &# -"'$-()( ( &=%&*$"* '&)$(%& )$#4"#$%$" ('()" :&-(.
1././. TEMPORIZADOR A LA CONEIÓN:
E# *& -" -"%(-%" )& #($)( -"&-%( )# )& -$&*%" *&%(*)" ( 4(*%$* )& $#%(%& )& -"&=$ )& "# >"*&# )& # >">$(. A1 A2/ ( ( *&). E %$&'4" )& *&%(*)" &# (?#%(>& '&)$(%& 4"%&-$'&%*" " *&+()"* :*"%( )& (4(*(%" #$ &# &&-%*$-". T('>$ #& & 4&)& *&+(* '&)$(%& 4"%&-$'&%*" *&'"%" 0& 4&*'$%( & '()" ( )$#%(-$( &#%& 4"%&-$'&%*" #& -"&-%( ( "# >"*&# -" (# &%*(# Z1 Z2 " 4&)& (4$-(*#& ( "# *&# )& "# -"%(-%"#.
1./.-. PULSADORES: U 4#()"* &# &&'&%" )& -"'%(-$ '(( 4"* 4*&#$/ -" -"%(-%" #"('&%& %$&& ( 4"#$-$ &#%(>&. A 4#(*"/ -('>$( )& 4"#$-$/ ( )&?(* )& 4#(*"/ *&%"*( ( # 4"#$-$ $$-$( '&)$(%& '&& " *&#"*%& $%&*". L"# 4#()"*&# #" &&'&%"# 0& -"&-%( )&#-"&-%( $#%((-$"&# ';0$(# &-%*$-(# '&)$(%& ( #$'4& 4#(-$ #">*& "# '$#'"#. S" "# &&'&%"# )& '()" ';# %$$()"#. 47
1./.-.1. T(o! &% (u$!a&o)%!: o
o
Pu$!a&o)%! 3o)ma$m%3t% a#%)to! ;NA>: C()" "# 4#('"# #& &:&-%( ( -"&=$ $%&*( )& ## )"# %&*'$(#. E *&4"#" "# -"%(-%"# &#%(*; (>$&*%"# &# )&-$*/ #$ -"&=$ &-%*$-( &%*& &"#. S& %$$( +&&*('&%& 4(*( ( 4&#%( & '(*-( " & (**(0& )& ';0$(# & $#%((-$"&# &-%*$-(#. Pu$!a&o)%! 3o)ma$m%3t% "%))a&o! ;NC>: C()" "# 4#('"# #& &:&-%( ( )&#-"&=$ )& ## )"# %&*'$(&#. E *&4"#" "# -"%(-%"# &#%(*; -&**()"# -" -"&=$ &-%*$-( &%*& &"#. S& %$$( +&&*('&%& 4(*( & 4(*" )& ';0$(# & $#%((-$"&# &-%*$-(#.
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
'. METODOLOG5A DE DISEO 2.1. IDENTIFICACIN DE LOS TIPOS DE PLANTAS '.1.1. C@SPED:
48
E -#4&) *&0$&*& '-"# -$)()"# >& '(%&$'$&%" 4(*( 0& &#% 4&*:&-%". S& )&>& *&+(* :*&-&%&'&%& / 4(*( 0& & (+( 4&&%*& ';# :;-$'&%&/ #& ($*&( 4*&$('&%& & #&" -" &#-(*$:$-()"*. E# *&-"'&)(>& ($*&(* & %&**&" -" &#-(*$:$-()"* & (# "(# 0& #& &-(*-(/ ( 0& & -#4&) #& )&-""*( 4$&*)& $+"* ';# *;4$)('&%&/ %('>$ & (# "(# (>$%(&# )& 4(#". S$ #& $& & ( "( -" -$'( -(*"#" " ' -(*"#"/ -"$&& 0& *&+(* & -#4&) )$(*$('&%& )*(%& "# 3! '$%"# -"'" ';=$'" 0& 4&)&# *&4(*%$* &%*& ( 4*$'&*( "*( )& ( '(@(( ( %$'( )& ( %(*)&. E "(# '&)(# -" %&'4&*(%*(# '")&*()(#/ " #&*; &-&#(*$( %(%( -(%$)() )& *$&+"/ >(#%(*; -" 6W7 '$%"# ( ),( & -(#" )& 0& " #&( "&*.
'.1.'. PALMERA DE COCO:
E# )$:,-$ 4*"4"*-$"(*& ( -"-"%&*" -")$-$"&# :("*(>&# )& -*&-$'$&%" & $%&*$"*#/ &# )&-$*/ ( (>$%(-$ -;$)( ('>$&%& '&)". S&& %&&* ( $)( >*&&. Lu: R&0$&*& (>)(%& . U>$-(* & & +(* ';# $'$()" )& ( -(#( " ( 4&" #". T%m(%)atu)a!: N" %"&*( & :*,"/ $ #$0$&*( &()(# )>$&#. M,$'" 1!C/ ( '&)$( (( )& "# 27C. um%&a&: H'&)() (%(/ *"-$(* & :"(?&/ 4&*" " '"?(* & -"-"/ #& 4)*&. Su%$o: E -"-"%&*" -*&-& >$& #">*& %&**&"# (*&"#"# #($"#. T"&*( >$& & #" ( #(. R%*o: 1 " 2 &-&# 4"* #&'(( & &*(" 1 #"( & ( ( #&'(( & $$&*". 49
'.1.+. FICUS BENJAMINA:
E# ( 4(%( -%$(),#$'( & "# "+(*&#. P(*%& )& &#& =$%" #& )&>& ( 0& %"&*( (# (%(# %&'4&*(%*(#/ >(?"# $&&# )& )& '&)(). Lu: R&0$&*& (>)(%& . T%m(%)atu)a!: E $$&*"/ " $)&( &# 0& " >(?& )& 13 C & &*(" ( ';=$'( )& 2 C. um%&a&: N" &# &=$+&%& & '&)() ('>$&%(/ 4&*" (+*()&-& :$" *"-$()" )$(*$"/ &=-&4%" -()" ( %&'4&*(%*( >(?& )& 15 C. R%*o: N" ';# )& 2 &-&# 4"* #&'(( & &*("/ ( & -()( 8 1! ),(# & $$&*".
'.1./. GUABA:
50
F*%( & :"*'( )& ($(/ %$&& ( 44( >(-( )& #(>"* )-& (+*()(>&/ %$&& 4")&*&# -$-(%*$(%&# (%$**&';%$-"#. o t e mp er a t u r ame di aa nu almá x i mad e2 5, 1 º C yb i o t e mp er a t u r a T%m(%)atu)a!: Bi me di aa nu al mí n i mad e17 , 2 º C.
Su%$o: L( 4(%( #& ()(4%( ( %")"# "# %$4"# )& #&"# &=$#%&%&#/ )&#)& "# ';# :*%$&#/ (#%( "# ';# ;-$)"# & $:*%$&#/ & $-#$& "# (*&"#"#. S& )&#(**"" >$& & %&**&"# " $)(>&#. T"&*( $)*"'"*:$#'" 4&*$")" #&-"# 4*""+()"#.
'.1.-. IRESINE:
S" 4(%(# 4&*&&#/ &*>;-&(# " (*>#%$(#/ #& -%$( 4"* # :"(?& )& -""*&# &*)&W ('(*$"W*"#(W*"?". P*")-& 4&0&@(# :"*&# >(-(# 4"-" )&-"*(%$(# 0& (4(*&-& & *(-$'"# 4"* &-$'( )& ( 4(%( (0& " #&& (4(*&-&* #$ &#%; & & $%&*$"*. L"# %("# #" &*+$)"# )& %""# *"?"#/ (# "?(# #" ("()(# )& -""* *"?" >*)&"# -" "# &*$"# >$& '(*-()"#. Lu: M-( #$ #" )$*&-%". T%m(%)atu)a!: L(# %&'4&*(%*(# " )&>& >(?(* )& "# 1! C " %$&& +*()&# 4*">&'(# -" (# ';=$'(#. N" & +#%( & :*,". Su%$o: $& )*&()" #&%". R%*o: N&-&#$%( '&)() ('>$&%(/ 4"* &#" &# >&" 4&*$(* (# "?(# -" :*&-&-$( & (# 4"-(# ';# -(*"#(#. L"# *$&+"# & 4"-( -(*"#( )&>& #&* (>)(%&#/ 4&*" #$ &-(*-(*.
'.1.. CUCARDA: 51
L( C-(*)( " $>$#-" &# (*>#%" ' #()" & ( ?(*)$&*,( 4"* ( >&&( )& ## :"*&#. T('>$ #& & -""-& >(?" "# "'>*&# )& R"#( )& C$( F"* )& >&#". P&*%&&-& ( ( :('$$( )& (# M((-&(&. E H$>$#-" &# (%$" )& A#$( "*$&%(. Lu: E H$>$#-" 4&)& -%$(*#& & #&'$#"'>*(/ #$&'4*& 0& #& +(*(%$-& ( >&( $'$(-$. S$ & #" )& '&)$"),( " &# ' :&*%&/ %('>$ 4&)& -%$(*#& ( 4&" #". T%m(%)atu)a!: E H$>$#-" " %"&*( (# %&'4&*(%*(# ' >(?(#/ %('4"-" (# &()(#. L( C-(*)( 4&)& #"4"*%(* (#%( "# 6 C/ 4&*" #& *&-"'$&)( '(%&&*( ( ( %&'4&*(%*( " '&"* ( "# 15 C. R%*o: L"# $>$#-"# )&>& *&+(*#& -" *&+(*$)() )*(%& & &*("/ (4$-()" 3 *$&+"# 4"* #&'((. D$#'$( & *$&+" )*(%& & $$&*" ( 1 & 4"* #&'((. V&*$:$0& 0& & ##%*(%" #& &-&%*& #&-" (%&# )& 4*"-&)&* -" & #$+$&%& *$&+". S$ ( %&'4&*(%*( &# ' (%( ( '&)() >(?(/ -"$&& *"-$(* (+( #">*& ## "?(# &$%()" '"?(* (# :"*&#.
'.1.7. PONCIANA:
52
T('>$ -""-$)" -"'" F('>"(%/ & 4"$-$(( *&( &# -$&%,:$-('&%& -""-$)( -"'" D&"$= *&+$(. V$&& )& ( :('$$( F(>(-&(& &# ( &-$& )& 4(%( )& :"*&#. S& )&#%(-( 4"* ## &&-"W-"'" (# "?(# ( *( 4"* ( 0& %('>$ #& -""-& -"'" F('>"(% #& )&>& ( ( &=$>$-$ "*+"#( )& ## :"*&#. Lu: U>$-(* & & +(* ';# $'$()" )& ( -(#( " ( 4&" #". T%m(%)atu)a! L"# :('>"(&# *&0$&*& -$'( %*"4$-( " 4(*&-$)" ( %*"4$-( 4(*( #">*&$$*/ (0& 4&)& %"&*(* ( #&0,( #($$)(). E# ' )&$-()" & -(%" ( %&'4&*(%*(# '$$'(#. Su%$o: R&0$&*& #&" 0& #&( >$& )*&()"/ '&)" ;-$)". R%*o: R$+(" )& :"*'( *&+(* (>)(%& )*(%& ( %&'4"*()( )& -*&-$'$&%"/ 4&*" *&)-& )*;#%$-('&%& ( -(%$)() )& (+( -()" & ;*>" &#% )*'$&%& & $$&*".
'.1.?. CIPRES:
L"# -$4*&#&# #" ;*>"&# )& "?( 4&*&& 0& %$&& "?(# 4((# (*>"*&#-&%&# -" 4%(# (:$()(#. E & "%"@" & $$&*" 4*")-& 4&0&@(# >((# )& -""* +*$# 4(%&()". A0& %*()$-$"('&%& #& -%$( ( ($*& $>*&/ '-"# ;*>"&# )& -$4*# #& -%$( -"'" 4(%(# )& $%&*$"*/ ( #&( )&%*" " & "# 4"*-&# %&**((#. Lu: C""-(* & -$4*# & +(* )")& *&-$>( #"(* )$*&-%( )*(%& -(%*" ( #&$# "*(# 4"* ),(. T%m(%)atu)a! E=4"#$-$ #"&()( (0& 4&)& 4(%(*#& ( #&'$#"'>*(. E# ' *&#$#%&%& ( -("*. Su%$o: P*&:$&*& #&"# 4">*&#. R%*o: R$&+( %# ;*>"&# )& -$4*# *&-$ 4(%()"# )& (+( )"# &-&# 4"* #&'((. D# )& )"# ( %*&# '&#&#/ (# *(,-&# &#%(*; ( &#%(>&-$)(# 4")*;# *&)-$* & *$&+" ( ( & 4"* #&'((.
'.1.. OREJA DE ELEFANTE:
53
L( O*&?( )& E&:(%&/ %('>$ -""-$)( -"'" A"-(#$(/ &# ( 4(%( 0& 4&)& &+(* ( (-((* "# 5 '&%*"# )& (%*(. P"* # ()(4%(>$$)() &# -%$()( %(%" & $%&*$"*&# -"'" & &=%&*$"*&#. Lu: P(*( 4")&* )&#(**"(*#& >$&/ &#%( 4(%( &-&#$%( *&-$>$* ( )& #" )$:#(/ 4"* &"/ )&>& &#%(* ( ( #"'>*(. T%m(%)atu)a! E -(%" ( -$'(#/ 4*&:$&*& (# %&'4&*(%*(# ';# -;$)(#/ (0& #$ & $$&*" &# -*)"/ 4$&*)& (# "?(# 0& &+" *&-4&*( & 4*$'(&*(. R%*o: N&-&#$%( )& *$&+" :*&-&%&/ 4&*" )&?()" #&-(* $+&*('&%& ( #4&*:$-$& &%*& *$&+" *$&+" 4(*( 0& " #& 4)*( & *$"'(. E &*("/ )&>& #&* (>)(%& & *$&+"/ & %(%" 0& & $$&*"/ )&>& #&* ';# &#-(#".
'.1.1. ALMENDRO:
54
Á*>" )& "?(# -()-(#/ 4"-" :*")"#" " ' $+"*"#". P"#&& "?(# )& %$4" (-&"()(#/ &#%*&-(#/ 4%$(+)(# -" & $'>" )&%()"/ )$#%*$>$)(# )& :"*'( (%&*(. E #$#%&'( *()$-( &# 4"-" *('$:$-()" )& :&*%& (-(?&. S# :"*&# #" &*'(:*")$%(# +&&*('&%& (%" $-"'4(%$>&# 4"* " 0& *&0$&*& )& 4"$$(-$ -*()(. Lu: L(# -")$-$"&# ',$-(# ( )& #&* %"%(&#/ (#, 0& " '&?"* &# )$#4"&*" & -('4" (>$&*%"/ &?"# )& -(0$&* ">#%;-" 0& 4&)( -(#(*& #"'>*( ( -(#(/ ;*>"&# ';# (%"#/ &%-.. T%m(%)atu)a! E ('&)*" &# ( &-$& ' *#%$-(/ 4"* " 0& #">*&$& & -")$-$"&# ' -"'4$-()(#/ (0& )$#'$& # *&%(>$$)(). Su%$o: L"# '&?"*&# #&"# #" (0&"# #&%"#/ $+&*"# (*&"#"#. R%*o: E 4&*$")" )& '("*&# *&0&*$'$&%"# ,)*$-"# & & ('&)*" &# & -"'4*&)$)" &%*& & $$-$" )& &+"*)& *;4$)" )& ( ('&)*( (# :&-(# & (# 0& &#%( (-(( # "+$%) )&:$$%$( (# &-&#$)()&# )$#'$& & "# 4&*$")"# (%&*$"* 4"#%&*$"* ( #&@(()"/ 4&*" " 4"* &" #& )&>& #4*$'$* & *$&+" & # %"%($)().
'.'. 8REAS 0 PER5METROS DE LAS ZONAS DE RIEGO:
55
'.+. LONGITUD 0 DI8METRO DE LA TUBER5A:
56
C" ()( )& 4*"+*('( A%"CAD #& )&%&*'$ :;-$'&%& ( "+$%) %"%( 852.2289 m
E$ &m%t)o: Tu#o &% &% (u$*a&a! - m E ()&(%& ( ,&( 4&)&# )$#'$$* & )$;'&%*" )& ( ,&( 4*$-$4( ( ( 0& -&*-( )& :$( #"" &#%(*; #'$$#%*()" (+( ( 2 " 3 (#4&*#"*&#.
Tu#o &% &% (u$*a&a + m U#(*&'"# & %>" )& 4+()( 4(*( 2 " ';# (#4&*#"*&# 4(*( ">%&&* '&?"* 4*&#$.
'./. C8LCULO DEL VOLUMEN DEL POZO: C"'" *&-"'&)(-$/ #& ( '")$:$-()" ( 4*":)$)() )& 4""/ )& 1.5 ' ( 3 '. V"'& 1.5' = 1.5' = 3' X 6.75 '[
'.-. C8LCULO DEL C8UDAL DE ASPERSORES 0 DIFUSORES: AREA 1: GAMA MP ROTATOR 9! NARANA R()$" 2.6 ' C()( !.! '[B = X !.16 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P( GAMA MP ROTATOR 36! VERDE R()$" 2.6 ' C()( !.15 '[B = 1 X !.15 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P(
AREA ': GAMA MP ROTATOR 9! NARANA R()$" 2.6 ' C()( !.! '[B = X !.16 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P(
57
GAMA MP ROTATOR 36! VERDE R()$" 2.6 ' C()( !.15 '[B = 1 X !.15 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P(
AREA +: GAMA MP ROTATOR 9! NARANA R()$" 2.6 ' C()( !.! '[B = X !.16 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P( GAMA MP ROTATOR 36! VERDE R()$" 2.6 ' C()( !.15 '[B = 1 X !.15 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P(
AREA /: GAMA MP ROTATOR 9! NARANA R()$" 2.6 ' C()( !.! '[B = X !.16 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P(
AREA 7: GAMA HUNTER PGP W 9! ROO R()$" 8.5 ' C()( !.11 '[B = X !. '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P( GAMA HUNTER SRM W 36! VERDE R()$" ' C()( !.!8 '[B = 1 X !.!8 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P(
AREA ?: 58
GAMA HUNTER SRM W 9! VERDE OSCURO R()$" 5.2 ' C()( !.1 '[B = X !.56 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P( GAMA HUNTER SRM W 18! VERDE OSCURO R()$" 5.2 ' C()( !.1 '[B = 1 X !.1 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P( GAMA HUNTER SRM W 36! VERDE OSCURO R()$" .9 ' C()( !.1 '[B = 1 X !.1 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P(
AREA : GAMA MP ROTATOR 9! NARANA R()$" 3.5 ' C()( !.!6 '[B = X !.2 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P( GAMA MP ROTATOR 18! NARANA R()$" 3.5 ' C()( !.15 '[B = 2 X !.3 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P(
AREA 1: GAMA HUNTER SRM W 9! VERDE OSCURO R()$" 6.1 ' C()( !.19 '[B = X !.76 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P(
GAMA HUNTER SRM W 18! VERDE OSCURO 59
R()$" .9 ' C()( !.1 '[B = 2 X !.28 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P(
AREA 11: GAMA MP ROTATOR 9! NARANA R()$" 2.6 ' C()( !.! '[B = X !.16 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P( GAMA MP ROTATOR 18! NARANA R()$" 2.6 ' C()( !.15 '[B = 2 X !.3 '[B P*&#$ 2.1 >(* W 2!! P(
AREA 1': DIFUSOR SERIE 18!! TM NARANA R()$" 1.65 ' C()( !. '[B = 1! X '[B P*&#$ 2.! >(* W 2!! P(
'.. CARACTER5STICAS DE LA BOMBA A USAR: S'()" ( 4*&#$ )& -()( (#4&*#"*&# B" )$:#"*&#/ )& -()( ;*&(/ &$+$&)" ( # & ( ';=$'( )& &(#/ #& 4)" )&%&*'$(* ( 4*&#$ )& 29 >(*&#/ #';)"#& ( #%" ( 4*)$)( )& 4*&#$ )& 3!\ "*$+$()" 4"* :$%*"/ -")"#/ %>&*,(/ &%-/ #& ">%$&& :$('&%& ( 4*&#$ )& 3!W35 >(*&#/ ( -; #&*; ( 4*&#$ )& ( >"'>( ( #(*.
+. DISEO DEL SISTEMA: 60
+.1. UBICACIÓN DE ASPERSORES: D&-$)( & 0 +(* $#%((*; "# (#4&*#"*&# )$:#"*&#. L"# (#4&*#"*&#/ & +&&*(/ #& -""-( ( ( )$#%(-$( &%*& 5 12 '&%*"#. L"# (#4&*#"*&# )& '&)$(" (-(-& )&>&*; -""-(*#& ( ( )$#%(-$( &%*& 5 8 '&%*"#. L"# )$:#"*&# )&>&*; -""-(*#& ( ( )$#%(-$( &%*& 3 5 '&%*"#. E#%& (-$('$&%" 4&*'$%$*; & #"(4& )& *$&+" (#&+*(*; ( )$#%*$>-$ $:"*'& )& (+(. N" -"'>$& )$:&*&%&# %$4"# )& (#4&*#"*&# )&%*" )& ( '$#'( ;*&(. N" -""0& "# (#4&*#"*&# )&'(#$()" #&4(*()"# '(%+(#& )&%*" )& (# &-$:$-(-$"&# '&-$"()(# & (# %(>(# )& R&)$'$&%" )& A#4&*#"*&# )& ( -"%*(4"*%()(. E (-$('$&%" #& )&%&*'$( )& (-&*)" ( %('(@" )& ;*&( ( ( 0& &#%; #$*$&)" & (#4&*#"*. A)&';#/ )&>&*; (-$(*#& 4(*( 0& '"?& %(%" ( (#4&*#"* )& ( ()" -"'" ( )& &:*&%&. C"'$&-& ( -""-(-$ )& "# (#4&*#"*&# %*(>(?()" & ;*&( ( ( & •
•
•
Pa!o 1: L"# 4%"# -*,%$-"# & 4(" #" (# �$(#. D$>?& & -()( �$( (#4&*#"* -" 4(%* )& *"-$()" )& -(*%" )& -,*-". U%$$()" -"'4;#/ )$>?& (*-" $)$-()" ( -":$+*(-$ )& *$&+" )& (#4&*#"*. Pa!o ': S$ "# (#4&*#"*&# )& -(*%" " #& *"-,( &%*& #, (-$('$&%" )& (#4&*#"* ( (#4&*#"*/ -""0& "# (#4&*#"*&# ( " (*+" )& "# 4&*,'&%*"#. D$>?& "# 4(%*"&# )& *$&+" )& &#%"# (#4&*#"*&#. Pa!o + A"*(/ :,?&#& #$ "# (#4&*#"*&# )& 4&*,'&%*" *"-$(*; ( %*(# )& ;*&( ( "# (#4&*#"*&# )& "%*" ()". S$ " " (-&/ (@()( (#4&*#"*&# )& -,*-" -"'4&%" & & '&)$". U '")" #&-$" )& >$-(* &#%"# (#4&*#"*&# &# )$>?()" ,&(# *&-%(# 4&*4&)$-(*&# )&#)& (#4&*#"* )& 4&*,'&%*" ( "%*". N&('&%&/ %$$()" & -"'4;#/ )$>?& (*-" $)$-()" ( -":$+*(-$ )& *$&+" )& (#4&*#"* 4(*( (#&+*(*#& )& 0& (( -">&*%*( -"'4&%(.
61
Po) ta$ 4u%&a) &% $a !*u%3t% ma3%)a: 62
+.'. ZANJAS: 63
A%&# )& *&($(* (# (?(# #& )&>& '(*-(* #">*& & %&**&" -" ( ()( )& #4*( )& -""* ('(%$" (# ,&(# 4"* )")& )&>& $* %('>$ ( >$-(-$ )& -()( (#4&*#"* -(?( )& *&+$#%*".
L( 4*":)$)() )& (# (?(# )&>& #&* #4&*$"* ( 2! -'. C(%" ';# 4*":)(# #&(/ ';# 4*"%&+$)( &#%(*; ( *&) )& (# &()(# #$ & (+( )& $%&*$"* )& (# %>&*,(# #& -"+&( ('&%(*; )& "'& -(#()" *"%*(# 0& "# &'4('&# -&)(. L( 4*":)$)() 4%$'( &# )& 33 -'. R&%$*(* %")(# (# 4$&)*(# -" :"*'( -"*%(%&. S$ >$&#& '-(#/ 4&)&# #$%(* ( -('( )& (*&(. U( & &-(# (# (?(# -"'&('"# ( -""-(* (# %>&*,(#/ &# $'4"*%(%& )$#4"&* )& (+ ()*$" 4(*( -""-(* &-$'( )& ( '$#'( ( 0& #&& -"#&*(* ( :"*'( &*"()(. P(*( -""-(* "# %>"# & & $%&*$"* )& ( (?(/ )&#&*"('"# & *"" (-$)"" *")(* & & #&". D& &#%( :"*'( #& )&#(-& (# &%(#. E# $'4"*%(%& '(*-(* (# %>&*,(# 4(*( " 4&*)&*"# ( ( "*( )& -"&-%(* "# (#4&*#"*&#.
+.+. UBICACIÓ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
Po) ta$ 4u%&a) &% $a !*u%3t% ma3%)a:
65
+./. EJEMPLOS DE CONEIÓN DE ELECTROV8LVULAS: 66
67
68
+.-. DISEO DEL CIRCUITO AUTOMATIZADO: E #$+$&%& -$*-$%"/ &#%; &-" 4(*( '&*" " *&( )& &&-%*";(#/ )&>$)" ( ( )$#4"#$-$ )& 4*"+*('(/ #$ &'>(*+" #$ #& 0$#$&*( ()&-(*/ ( $)&( #&*,( ( '$#'(.
69
+.. DISEO DEL TABLERO ELECTRÓNICO: E #$+$&%& %(>&*" &# )$#&@" 4&*#"($()" 0& " &-&#(*$('&%& #& 4&)( $'4&'&%(* )& &#( '(&*(/ &# )&-$* 4&)& *&($(*#& -('>$"# #$ &# 0& #& 0$#$&*(.
+.7. CIRCUITO DETECTOR PARA LLENADO DEL POZO 70
MATERIALES: •
A*)$" " R3
E A*)$" &# ( 4(%(:"*'( -"'4%(-$"( :,#$-( "4&W#"*-& >(#()( & ( #$'4& %(*?&%( )& IBO &%"*" )& )&#(**"" 0& $'4&'&%( & &+(?& P*"-&##$+B]$*$+. E A*)$" U" R3 4&)& #&* %$$()" 4(*( )&#(**"(* ">?&%"# $%&*(-%$"# " 4&)& #&* -"&-%()" ( #":%J(*& )& % -"'4%()"*( 4"* &?&'4"/ F(#/ P*"-&##$+/ M(=MSP. E IDE "4&W#"*-& 4&)& #&* )&#-(*+()" +*(%$%('&%& (-%('&%& 4(*( M(- OS ^/ ]$)"J# L$=.
•
S&#"* %*(#$-" HCWSR!
E# #&#"* )& )$#%(-$(# 4"* %*(#"$)"# -(4( )& )&%&-%(* ">?&%"# -(-(* ( )$#%(-$( ( ( 0& #& &-&%*( & *(+" )& 2 ( 5! -'. E #&#"* :-$"( 4"* %*(#"$)"# -"%$&& %")( ( &&-%*$-( &-(*+()( )& (-&* ( '&)$-$. S #" &# %( #&-$" -"'" &$(* & 4#" )& (**(0& '&)$* ( (-*( )& 4#" )& *&%"*".
•
E&-%*";( S"&"$)& A$'&%(-$ 12 VDC/ -"#'" .8 J
71
PRINCIPIO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO: E #&#"* %*(#$-" 0& &#%(*; >$-()" & & >"*)& )& %(0& " 4""/ &,( 4#" (%" #$ ( )$#%(-$( 0& )&%&-%( &# '("* ( 1! -' ( ( &&-%*";( "*'('&%& -&**()( " -( ( (>*& & :?" )& (+( 4&)& -$*-(* 4(*( *&($(* & *&-%$" &()" )& 4""/ #$ ( )$#%(-$( -(-()( 4"* & #&#"* %*(#$-" &# '&"* ( 1! -' ( ;( #& -&**(*; (%"';%$-('&%&.
FORMA DE CONEIÓN:
PROGRAMACIÓN:
72
E & -)$+" )& 4*"+*('( %&)*&'"# 0& (@()$* ( &-%*( )& ( &%*()( ((+$-( )& 4"%&-$'&%*" # ()(4%(-$ )& >$%# !W1!23 ( '&%*"# !W3. T('>$ %&)*&'"# 0& -":$+*(* ( #($)( P]M 0& (-%$& ( &&-%*";(.
$o3* &!ta3"a $o3* t%m(o 9o& !%tu(;> (3Mo&%;/OUTPUT>2Wa"t9a"K3 &%$ (3 / (a)a %$ "o3t)o$ &% $a %$%"t)o9a$9u$aW2 (3Mo&%;1OUTPUT> 2Wa"t9a"K3 &%$ (3 1 "omo !a$&a: TRIGW2 (3Mo&%;11INPUT>2Wa"t9a"K3 &%$ (3 11 "omo %3t)a&a: ECOW2 X 9o& $oo(;> 3tT)**%);>22L$ama a $a u3"K3 &%$ (u$!o &% !a$&a &%$ u$t)a!o3"o t%m(oY(u$!%I3;11 IG>22Ca$"u$a %$ t%m(o &% &a 9u%$a ;P3 &% "a(tu)a &%$ (u$!o> &!ta3"aY 3t;.1717Wt%m(o>22"a$"u$a $a &!ta3"a%$ .1717 %! %$ 9a$o) &% 12 ;'.'W'> &%$a;-> ;&!ta3"aY1>22Co3&"o3 (a)a 4u% !% a"t9% $a V$9u$a #1;> %$!% ;&!ta3"aYY'> #';> X 9o& #1;>&*ta$[)t%;/1>X22V$9u$aON 9o& #';>&*ta$[)t%;/>X22V$9u$aOFF 9o& 3tT)**%);> 22La u3"o3 &% (a)a %$ (u$!o &% !a$&a &%$ !%3!o) u$t)a!o3"o &*ta$[)t%;1LO[> 2W Po) "u%!tK3 &% %!ta#$a"K3 &%$ !%3!o)W2 &%$aM")o!%"o3&!;-> &*ta$[)t%;1 IG> 2W %396o &%$ (u$!o u$t)a!K3"oW2 &%$aM")o!%"o3&!;1> &*ta$[)t%;1LO[> X
73
/. ELECCIÓN DE E,UIPOS E INSTRUMENTOS: A""%!o)o! a ut$a) (a)a $a 3!ta$a"K3 &% tu#%)6a!:
T%))%3o
N\ &% "o&o!
Á*&( 1 Á*&( 2 Á*&( 3 Á*&( Á*&( 5 Á*&( 6 Á*&( 7 Á*&( 8 Á*&( 9 Á*&( 1! Á*&( 11 Á*&( 12 TOTAL
5 5 5 5 3 1 5 11 8 8 9 9 7
N\ &% u3o3%! ;T> 2 2 2 2 ! 2 3 1 3 2 5 29
N\ &% )a"o)%! %3 ")u 1 1 1 1 ! ! 1 3 1 2 1 16
TUBO DE DE PULGADAS - M L+(* S")$'(P*&-$" SB. 11 -B M(*-( P(-"
TUBO DE DE PULGADA + M L+(* S")$'(P*&-$" SB. 5 -B M(*-( P(-"
TUBO DE 1] DE PULGADAS + M L+(* S")$'(P*&-$" SB 9.! CBU M(*-( P(-"
74
CRUZ: (u$*a&a!
P)%"o: S2. '1.++ "2u
TEE: (u$*a&a!
P)%"o: S2. 1. "2u
TUBO DE POLIETILENO:
75
P)%"o: S2. '7./?' "a&a +m
CODOS: (u$*a&a!
P)%"o: S2. './ "2u
•
BOMBA:
76
TBA SERIE 3 Cau&a$: +- m / h P)%!K3: +- #a)%! P)%"o: S2. 11.
DIFUSOR SERIE 1? TM ;NARANJA>
P)%"o: S2. 1+.? "2u
GAMA MP ROTATOR H ^ ;NARANJA>
77
P)%"o: S2. 1.'
GAMA MP ROTATOR H +^ ;VERDE>
P)%"o: S2. 1.'
GAMA UNTER PGP ^ ;ROJO>
78
P)%"o: S2. +.?-
GAMA UNTER SRM +^ ;VERDE>
P)%"o: S2. '+.
GAMA UNTER SRM ^ ;VERDE OSCURO>
79
P)%"o: S2. '+.
GAMA UNTER SRM 1?^ ;VERDE OSCURO>
P)%"o: S2. '+. GAMA UNTER SRM +^ ;VERDE OSCURO>
80
P)%"o: S2. '+.
GAMA MP ROTATOR H 1?^ ;NARANJA>
P)%"o: S2. 1.'
V8LVULA SOLENOIDES _RAIN BIRD]
81
P)%"o: S2. 7./-
VALVULA REDUCTORA DE PRESION DE AGUA
P)%"o: S2. +. "2u
MANGAS DE RIEGO
82
Dm%t)o: mm P)%"o: S2. ?.+ (o) m%t)o
VIGAFLO[ FILTRO DE MALLA
A$tu)a: '- "m Du)a"K3 a()oma&a: m%!%! P)%"o: S2. +7. "2u DIS0UNTOR TRIFASICO:
83
P)%"o: S2. 1'/. C2U
DIS0UNTOR MONOFASICO
P)%"o: S2. 7+.+ C2U CONTACTORES:
84
P)%"o: S2. -.
RELE CON BOBINA:
P)%"o: S2. 1'7.'' TEMPORIZADOR CON RETARDO A LA CONEIÓN:
85
P)%"o: S2. 111.-
CONTACTOR SETA NC:
P)%"o: S2. 1?. CONTACTOR AUILIAR:
86
P)%"o: S2. 11?.
•
ARDUINO:
P)%"o: S2. /-.
SENSOR ULTRASÓNICO CSR/
87
P)%"o: S2. 1.
ELECTROV8LVULA ELECTROV8LVULA SOLENOIDE ;ALIMENTACIÓN ;ALIMENTACIÓN 1' VDC CONSUMO /.? [>
P)%"o: S2. ''.
88
/.1.
ACCESORIO
CANTIDAD
PRECIO
CODO
5
SB. 18.26
CRUZ
12
SB. 31.28
TEE
29
SB. 29!.!!
VIGAFLO] FILTRO DE MALLA
1
SB. 37.9!
TUO POLIETILENO 3!! '
SB. 1!81.92
MANGAS DE RIEGO
1!9 '
SB. 92.67
OMA
1
SB. 11!!.!!
DIFUSOR SERIE 18!! TM NARANA
1!
SB. 138.!!
GAMA MP ROTATOR NARANA
28
SB. 537.6!
GAMA MP ROTATOR VERDE
3
SB. 57.6!
GAMA HUNTER SRM VERDE OSCURO
12
SB. 276.!!
GAMA HUNTER SRM VERDE
1
SB. 23.!!
GAMA HUNTER PGP ROO
SB. 159.!
VÁLVULA SOLENOIDES KRAIN IRD
12
SB. 917.!
VALVULA REDUCTORA DE PRESION
2
SB. 6!.!!
DISYUNTOR TRIFASICO
1
SB. 12.9!
DISYUNTOR MONOFASICO
2
SB. 16.6!
CONTACTORES
12
SB. 6!!.!!
RELE CON OINA TEMPORIZADOR CON RETARDO CONTACTOR SETA NC CONTACTOR AU^ILIAR ARDUINO SENSOR ULTRASNICO HCWSR! ELECTROVÁLVULA SOLENOIDE
13 12 1 12 1 1 1 TOTAL
SB. 16/629.86 SB. 1338.!! SB. 18.6! SB. 127.52 SB. 5.!! SB. 1!.!! SB. 22.!! S2. +-.-1
TABLA TABLA DE PRESUPUESTO PRESUPUES TO TOTAL: L( '("*,( )& 4*&-$"# #& ( ">%&$)" )& %$&)(# -"'" S")$'(- P&* M&*-()" L$>*&.
89
90
-. CONCLUSIÓN 0 RECOMENDACIONES: 5.1. CONCLUSIONES C" ( $'4&'&%(-$ )& #$#%&'( )& *$&+" (%"'(%$()" #& "+*(*; %&&* '&?"* -"%*" )& *$&+"/ &%*&+()" (#, ( (# ;*&(# &*)&# )& &#%*( :(-%()/ & *$&+" &-&#(*$". O>%&$&)" (#, "# (*&)&)"*&# &+&%(%$"# & 4%$'(# -")$-$"&#. L( $'4&'&%(-$ )& &#%(# &(# %&-""+,(# ">$+(*; ( )$#'$$* -"#%"# & & #" )& '(" )& ">*( 4(*( & *$&+"/ 4"* "%*" ()"/ ">$+()" ( *&($(* %(*&(# )& '(%&$'$&%" )& #$#%&'( -()( -$&*%" %$&'4"/ -"$*%$)"#& (#, & ( (%&*(%$( ' (--&#$>&. S& #4*$'$*; & #" )& %>"# -(*+()"# 4"* "# '$#'"# ?(*)$&*"# ( '"'&%" )& *$&+"/ #$ &=4"&* (#, ( "4&*()"* " &-(*+()" )& '(&?" )& #$#%&'( )& *$&+" ( #:*$* (+ (--$)&%& )&>$)" ( #$#%&'( -"&-$"( )& *$&+". L"# >&&:$-$"# " #" #"" 4(*( &#%*( :(-%() -" (%*(-%$" $#%"#" )& ( &+&%(-$/ #$" %('>$ 4(*( & &#%)$" )& +*( '&*" )& 4(%(# 4(*( "%*(# :(-%()&# 0& #& &-(*+( )& ( $&#%$+(-$ &#%)$" )& (# '$#'(#.
5.2. RECOMENDACIONES E!ta#$%"a u3 mto&o &% ()o*)ama"K3 M-"# #$#%&'(# )& $**$+(-$ " -&%( -" '%")" )& 4*"+*('(-$ -"#$#%&%&/ 4"* " 0& 0$; &#% (4$-()" '&"# (+( )& ( &-&#(*$(. E &#%& -(#"/ & *&)$'$&%" )& -%$" #& &*; *&)-$)" $-#" (%&# )& 0& #& 4&*-$>( #,%"'(# & (# 4(%(#. T('>$ &# 4"#$>& 0& &#% #">*&$**$+()" & -%$"/ -" " -( #& *&)-& # 4"%&-$( )& (:*"%(* &#%*# )&>$)" ( ( #&0,(/ #">*& %")" & -%$"# )& (%" ("*. U( 4*"+*('(-$ )& *$&+" &:$-$&%& '(=$'$( # *&%"*" )& $&*#$ & #&'$(#/ :&*%$$(%&#/ %&**&" "%*"# (+*"$#'"#.
R%a$"% ()u%#a! &% u3o)m&a& &% )%*o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
L"# >&&:$-$"# )& ( (4$-(-$ )& (+( ';# &:$-$&%& #& %*()-& )$*&-%('&%& & *&)$'$&%"# )& -%$" ';# -"#$#%&%&#. Y ( '&?"*(* & '(&?" )& (+( (+*"0,'$-"# 4&)& '&?"*(* %('>$ ( -($)() )& (+( *&)-$*#& ( "-**&-$( )& $=$$(-$/ &#-"**&%,( )&**"-& )& %*$&%&# (+*"0,'$-"#.
Au!t% "a$#)% !u !!t%ma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
R%a$"% ma3t%3m%3to %=au!t9o P(%(# )& >"'>&" $&:$-$&%&#/ :+(# & & #$#%&'( )& )$#%*$>-$/ 4*">&'(# -" ( 4*&#$ (# >"0$(# -"%*"&# '&)$)"*&# )&:&-%"#"#/ 4")*,( *&>(?(* ( &:$-$&-$( )& (4$-(-$/ )&**"-(* )$&*" )& "4&*(-$ -(#(* 4*">&'(# )& $:"*'$)(). U '(%&$'$&%" &=(#%$" &*$:$-( 0& ( 4*&#$ *&( "# *&0&*$'$&%"# )& )$#&@" 0& (# :+(# 4*)$)(# )& (+( #& '(%&+( ( ',$'". L(# '&?"*(# ';# $'4"*%(%&# #& >(#( & ( *&4(*(-$ )& :+(#/ ?%(#/ "%*"# &&'&%"#. E ("**" )& (+( 4*"'&)$" &# )& 5\.
E9t% $a %!"o))%3t6a A#4&*#"*&# >"0$(# )&>& #&* -$)()"#('&%& #&&--$"()"# 4(*( '(%&&* "# *$%'"# )& (4$-(-$ $#%(%;&( )& (+( )& *$&+" 4"* )&>(?" )& *$%'" 4*"'&)$" )& (>#"*-$ )& #&" *$%'" )& $:$%*(-$. 92
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
Com()u%#% $o! 3&"a&o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
. LINOGRAF5A: •
•
•
• • • •
• • • • • • • •
•
•
• •
•
•
• • •
•
%%4BB$%*(&%.-$>"*.'=B4&*#"(B>'*$"B)"-#B#$#%&'(W*$&+"W(%"'(%$()"W :$(.4): %%4BB(*%$-"#.$:"?(*)$.-"'B>"&%$B1W(+(#W*$&+"B%>&*$(W)&W*$&+"W&&-%*"((W (#4&*#"*W#$#%&'(#W*$&+".%' %%4BB&*$&+".-"'B$:"*'(-$"W%&-$-(B)$#&"B'((W$#%((-$"*$&+"B*$&+"W&W �$(#WW(+"#W)&W&)$:$-$"#B %%4BBJJJ.%&**$%"*$"&*)&.-B#&*$-$"#B+$(*$&+".4): %%4BBJJJ.+(*)&(.-"'B(*BJ(%&*W'((+&'&%B$**$+(%$"W4'4B %%4BBJJJ.&?(*)$.J#B*$&+"B*$&+"W-"W&&-%*"((#.%' %%4BB4(%(#.:(-$$#$'".-"'B%")"W#">*&W"#W#$#%&'(#W)&W*$&+"W (%"'(%$-"_11!6.%' %%4BBJJJ.$:"?(*)$.-"'B:"*"B#"J%*&().44`%X336 %%4BBJJJ.$#%*-%(>&#.-"'B$)BA%"'(%$-WI**$+(%$"WS#%&'W)&*W2!B %%4BBJJJ.4&#()$".-"'B4&#()$"B`4X1271 %%4BBJJJ.$(*(4(*)(.-"'B:$-(#W>*$-"(?&B%%"*$(W$#%((-$"W*$&+"W(%"'(%$-" %%4BBJJJ.%()-".-"'B(4*&)&'&?"*(B&&+$*W)$:#"*&#W4(*(W&W*$&+"W(%"'(%$-" %%4BB+(&".-"'B&*&+(%&B((#.%' %%4BBJJJ.%.-"'B+">(BLAB#%&('W%&"*B%4&#W":W(&#.%' %%4BBJJJ.'(+*('(.+">.&#B&#B'$$#%&*$"B#&*$-$"#B$:"*'(-$"B4(%(:"*'(W)&W -""-$'$&%"W4(*(W&W'&)$"W**(WW4�&*"B">#&*(%"*$"W)&W%&-""+$(#W 4*">()(#B'(%&*$(W)&W*$&+"B:$%*()".(#4= %%4BBJJJ.+(*)&(.-"'B&#B+&#%$"W)&W(+(B-"&-%"*&#W)&W'(+&*(#B(&W)&W 4(#"B %%4#BBJJJ.-"#&-()"(%*(.-"'.'=B(&_)&_4(#"_16''_:'2_#:'21_4*)18 .%' %%4BBJJJ."*%*>(.-"'B-(#%&("B-%$(*B:$-(_'(&?".44`IDX18 %%4BBJJJ.(+*"%&**(.-"'B*$&+"W4"*W+"%&"B&&'&%"#W)&W:$%*()"WW )&-(%(-$"B:$%*"#W)&W'((.%' %%4BBJJJ.(+('(*&%.-"'B4*")-%"#B4*")-%"#.(#4` 4*")-%"X113!2a"'>*&4*")-%"X:$%*"b)&b'((b(%"$'4$(%&# %%4BBJJJ.%*$&+".&#B*$&+"W(+*$-"(W(+*$-%*(W-$%(W)&W*$&+"B:$%*"#W>(%&*$(#W :$%*()"W(*(W()W%($%W-&4&=W#%:B:$%*"#W>(%&*$(#W:$%*()"W(*(W()W%($%W-&4&=W #%:.%' %%4BBJJJ.>"'>(#(.-"'B4*")-%#B$&JB13B>"'>(W)(>W4:W3!16'W!54W1156! %%4#BBJJJ.-$'(%&-$-(.-"'B>"'>(#W4&*$:W*$-(#W)(>W4.72.7!3.%' http://es.slideshare.net/leonardo3174366/proyecto-sistemaautomatiado-de-rie!o
%%4BBJJJ.(+*":"*'.4&B&0$4"#W'(0$(*$(WW&**('$&%(#B>"'>(W)&W$**$+(-$"W >"'>&"W(#4&*#$"W*$&+"W(#%(W6!W'%#W(%*(W$'4#"*WW&#%*-%*(W)&W:$&**"W9W 94
•
• • • • •
•
• • • •
•
•
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`"X&9(&!798&&1:-:89-(!92:68-89)(a"&X56E95a)X1 %%4BB&#.#$)&#(*&.&%B?&##$-(?&##$*&&B'"%"*&#W'"":#$-"#W1326998! %%4BBJJJ.*&&-"W*&(#.&%B&#B*&&#W$:"*'(-$"W%&-$-(W+&&*(.%' %%4BBJJJ.&?(*)$.J#B*$&+"B*$&+"W-"W&&-%* "((#.%' %%4BBJJJ.%(*$+(.&%B4"#%B("W%W'$#'"B153!2861BA*)$"WU"WR3W -(*(-%&*$#%$-(#WW4*"?&-%"W1W>$.%' %%4#BBJJJ.+""+&.-"'.4&B#&(*-`0X#&#"*b)&b%*(#"$)"b-W #*!b(*)$"a>$JX1366a>$X623a%>'X$#-a%>"Xa#"*-&X$a#(X^a&)X!( UEJ?7C^$9HLA^GHHVV$ATIQ#AQIIQ %%4BBJJJ.+&&:(-%"*.'=B%%"*$(&#B%%"*$(&#W(*)$"B#&#"*W%*(#"$-"W-W#*!W W(*)$"B
95
