SOCIAL ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES •
Poverty
•
Demographics
•
Health
•
Education
•
Human Settlements
POVERTY
Decision-Making: Legisa!ion an" Reg#a!ions By 1997, eforts were geared towards pushing the genda in municipal palitie ties and convergence ar are eas, where the the S! is e"pected to impact the lives o# ordinary people$ %a&or policies and and legi legisl slat atio ion ns that that wer were pass passed ed incl inclu ude' de' the the Agricultural Fisheries Modernization Act ()%* that was enacted to improve the incomes and productivity o# #armers and +sher#olthe Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (.P!* that lays down the /asic policies to the .P0s right ghts to their ancestra tral domains- the repealed Anti-Squatting Law that that decr decrim imin inal ali ies es s2ua s2uatti tting ng /ut /ut maintains sanctions against pro#essional s2uatters and syndicates- and the Gintong Ani for Marginal and Povert Stric!en Areas (3%* that will improve e2uity and provide e2ual access to marginal #armers and +sher#ol$ .ndigenous, environmental4 #riendly, and community4accepted technologies will /e promoted in the the upla upland nd ar area eas s part partic icul ular arly ly with with crit critic ical al envi envirronme onment ntal al conditions$ 5he 3% program will cover a total o# 6 provinces, 8 o# which are provinces in 9 regions identi+ed under S!$ S!$ t the same time, the Department o# griculture (D* and the Depar Departm tmen entt o# .nte .nteri rior or and and :ocal ocal 3ove 3overn rnme ment nt (D.: (D.:3* 3* issu issued ed the i"ple"enting rules and regulations (.!!*, on the pre#erential treatment and access o# marginal +sher#ol to municipal waters under the :ocal 3overnment ;ode (:3;*$ 5he .!! was #ormulated throug through h a consen consensus sus /uildi /uilding ng proce process ss involv involvin ing g the +sher# +sher#ol ol$$ 5he Security o#
sectors #rom harassments$ +naliing the .!! o# the E=$
Decision-Making: Pans
n inter4agency
S!$a!egies%
5as
)orce is
Poicies
an"
5he Philippines launched the Social Refor" Agenda (S!* on >une ?, 199@ to ena/le people to have access to opportunities #or undertaing sustaina/le livelihoods espoused under the agenda #or change$ 5he S! is an integrated set o# ma&or re#orms to ena/le the citiens to' a* meet their /asic human needs and live decent lives- /* widen their share o# resources #rom which they can earn a living or increase the #ruits o# their la/our- and c* ena/le them to efectively participate in the decision4maing process that afects their rights, interests, and wel#are$ 5hese re#orms are perceived to enhance democratic processes$ 5he S! is composed o# social re#orm pacages providing programs and services #or marginalied sectors o# society in the country0s 8 poorest provinces$ 5he enhancement o# the S! resulted in sharper de+nition o# the social e2uity, economic, ecological, and democratiing components o# the various Aagship programs$ .t also led to the integration o# the nine Aagship programs having impact on all target sectors and ecosystems$ 5his placed the country0s anti4 poverty initiatives within the #ramewor o# Philippine Agenda )* ( P 81*$ 5he enhanced S! was adopted /y the ational nti4 poverty Summit in %arch 199 as the Integrated %ational Action Agenda on Anti-Povert&
Decision-Making: Ma&o$ '$o#(s In)o)e*en! .ncreased participation /y civil society and ma&or groups has /een promoted$ 5o date a total o# 6? provinces (?6C*, 9 cities (16C* and 87? municipalities (1C* have sectoral representatives in such local /odies$
P$og$a**es an" P$o&ec!s 5he nine (9* Aagship programs o# the S! include' Agricultural +evelop"ent for Far"ers and Landless Rural ,or!ers Fisheries Manage"ent and +evelop"ent Protection of Ancestral +o"ain for Indigenous Peoples ,or!ers ,elfare and Protection
#.pansion of /redit Livelihood Progra"s Socialized 0ousing +eliver for the Poor /o"prehensive and Integrated +eliver of Social Services and Institution 1uilding and #2ective Participation in Governance&
S!a!#s 5wo years a#ter the initial implementation, the S! was e"panded to include an ecosystem perspective, emphasiing #our dimensions o# poverty where re#orm can have the greatest impact' 1$ =n social e2uity, /y providing the poorest o# the poor with access to /asic services #or survival8$ =n economic prosperity, /y ensuring that the /asic sectors have access to productive assets that allow them to contri/ute to ational growth6$ =n ecological security, /y incorporating the parameters o# sustaina/le development in the management and utiliation o# natural resources- and ?$ =n responsi/le and responsive governance, /y maing structures and processes democratic to allow the meaning#ul participation o# ey staeholders in policy4 and decision4 maing$ 5he ational nti4Poverty Summit drew4up poverty reduction targets at the regional level to achieve a ational target o# 6C /y 199$ .t also resolved to e"pand the coverage o# the S! #rom an initial concentration on 8 priority provinces to an additional @7 provinces and @ cities$ s o# >une 199, the ma&ority o# the 8 priority provinces had localied the S! at the municipal and /aranggay (village* levels$ 5his means that' (a* the S! has /een adopted to local needs and priorities and is /eing implemented with clear poverty reduction targets and /asic re#orm commitments- (/* the %inimum Basic eeds approach has /een installed and its data pro+les #orm the /asis #or local situation analysis, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation o# local poverty issues and response mechanisms- (c* the programs and resources o# the ational 3overnment gencies (3s* and the local government units (:3s* have /een synchronied #or speci+c target areas and sectors in line with the convergence policy- (d* local structures have /een set up and are #unctional with clearly de+ned roles and accounta/ilities- and (e* the
system and process #or monitoring the delivery o# ational and local S! commitments on the ground are in place$
DEMO'RAPHICS Decision-Making: Pans
S!$a!egies%
Poicies
an"
5o develop and disseminate nowledge a/out demographic trends and #actors #or sustaina/le development, the Philippine 3overnment has prepared #ramewor papers #or local and sectoral planning$ 5he ;ommission on Population (P=P;=%*, the ational Economic and Development uthority (ED*, and the nited ational Population )und ()P* have spearheaded a comprehensive population review to set in motion activities that will provide an appropriate population policy climate #or sustaina/le development$ Policy initiatives have /een consistently supported /y advocacy activities through the pu/lication o# in#ormation materials and the conduct o# consultative meetings$ .n line with this, a signi+cant accomplishment o# the PP%P is the development o# a heightened awareness among planners, legislators, and government e"ecutives on the need to integrate the population perspective into development activities$ Particularly instrumental in this was the convening o# the 3athering #or Human and Ecological Security (3HES* in >une 199@$ Su/se2uently, the Philippine Population Manage"ent Progra" Advocac Plan , an inter4agency undertaing, was #ormulated in 199 to guide the P=P;=% in its role as the lead advocacy agency #or population and development$ )urthermore, the P=P;=% prepared the Regional Population Progra" Plan #or 1994199$ Planning
Decision-Making: Ma&o$ '$o#(s In)o)e*en! o in#ormation is availa/le$ P$og$a**es an" P$o&ec!s
Population Manage"ent Progra" (PP%P* 5he Philippine was su/se2uently implemented in 1996 to serve as the 3overnment0s program #or maintaining a healthy /alance /etween population and resources$
S!a!#s
5he population development su/4sector has posted ma&or gains in terms o# the /asic population services, advocacy measures, capa/ility /uilding, and woring towards policy environments #or the greater wel#are o# #amilies, and more responsi/le parenthood o# )ilipinos$ 5he Fa"il Planning Progra" was a/le to reach out to three (6* million clients who are now practicing #amily planning methods$ round 6,978 community volunteer health worers were trained on #amily planning and responsi/le parenthood$ %oreover, 1?,69 clinics (private and pu/lic* nationwide were provided with contraceptives$ C+aenges
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Ca(aci!,-#i"ing% E"#ca!ion% T$aining an" A.a$eness-$aising
s regards institutional capa/ility /uilding, the P=P;=%, with the assistance o# the >apan .nternational ;ooperation gency (>.;*, conducted an in4country training program on 3ender and Development 5owards .mprovement o#
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Resea$c+ an" Tec+noogies
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Financing
o in#ormation is availa/le$
Coo(e$a!ion
o in#ormation is availa/le$
KKK 3his infor"ation was provided 4 the Govern"ent of Philippines to the 5fth session of the 6nited %ations /o""ission on Sustaina4le +evelop"ent& Last 6pdate7 * April *889&
L Philippines L ll;ountries L Home L
HEALTH Decision-Making: Coo$"ina!ing Bo"ies
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Decision-Making: Legisa!ion an" Reg#a!ions
.n the area o# nutrition advocacy, the ma&or accomplishment was the #ormulation o# implementing rules and regulations o# RA :*9) of the *88( Act& s a result, more iodied salt was produced and mareted as salt iodiation plants increased #rom 8 in 199@ to 6 in 199$ Decision-Making: S!$a!egies% Poicies an" Pans
.n 199, the %ational 0ealth Plan; *88(-)<<< was completed and approved$ 5his plan is the country0s perspective plan #or health which provides the general directions and /road strategies #or an efective and eMcient system$ %oreover, the 3overnment has #ormulated the implementing rules and regulations #or !$$ 86, the Special Law on /ounterfeit +rugs and issued the 199 edition o# the Philippine %ational +rug Polic& 5he latter aims to rationalie drug procurement, distri/ution, and use$ 5he health department developed a 5echnical %anual and 5raining 3uide on #nviron"ental 0ealth I"pact Assess"ent (EH.*$ sustaina/le 0u"an Resource +evelop"ent =0R+> Plan, as part o# the ational ;ongress on Health !ND, is currently /eing prepared /y the Department o# Science and 5echnology (D=S5*$ 5he nutrition su/4sector is addressed /y the Philippine Plan of Action for %utrition = PP*$ Decision-Making: Ma&o$ '$o#(s In)o)e*en!
o in#ormation is availa/le$ P$og$a**es an" P$o&ec!s
ccomplishments in /asic health services, disease prevention, and health promotion consist o# the 2uantitative gains in the principal programs and pro&ects, most o# which were started in previous years$ 5hese include' the #.panded Progra" on I""unization the Maternal /are and 1reast Feeding Progra" the Prevention of 1lindness Progra"- the esta/lishment o# the Environmental Health Servicethe%ational Ra4ies /ontrol Progra" the %ational 3u4erculosis /ontrol Progra" - the ational AI+S-Se.uall 3rans"itted +isease Prevention and /ontrol Progra"- the %alaria ;ontrol Service- Hospital Services- the %ational +engue Prevention and /ontrol Progra"- the %ational Filariasis /ontrol Progra"- and the :eprosy Elimination and Special ction Pro&ect$
S!a!#s
Physical and social empowerment have /een promoted in the inter4related su/4sectors o# health, nutrition, and population development$ 5owards this end, direct and indirect interventions have /een achieved through program e"pansion, greater outreach to clientele, more emphasis on preventive measures, and advocacy$ =ther nota/le recent accomplishments in the area o# policy development are the continued #acilitation o# the implementation o# the %agna ;arta #or pu/lic health worers, capa/ility /uilding #or devolved local government unit (:3S* health personnel, and the pu/lication o# the 199@ )ield Health .n#ormation System statistics$ 5he improvement o# occupational sa#ety and health (=SH*, particularly in small and medium enterprises (S%E0s*, has /een pursued$ 5he la/our department conducted several trainings #or government employees, industrial supervisors and worers$ total o# @9
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Ca(aci!,-#i"ing% E"#ca!ion% T$aining an" A.a$eness-$aising
o in#ormation is availa/le$ In/o$*a!ion
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Resea$c+ an" Tec+noogies
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Financing
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Coo(e$a!ion
o in#ormation is availa/le$
KKK 3his infor"ation was provided 4 the Govern"ent of Philippines to the 5fth and si.th sessions of the 6nited %ations /o""ission on Sustaina4le +evelop"ent& Last 6pdate7 * April *88:&
;lic here to go to the Health and health4related statistical in#ormation #rom the
L Philippines L ll;ountries L Home L
EDUCATION Decision-Making: Coo$"ina!ing Bo"ies
.n the Philippines, the Department o# Environment and atural !esources, with its attached Bureau", has taen the lead in promoting education on environment and sustaina/le development through its various programs, pro&ects, and in#ormation, education and communication (.;* activities$ 5hese activities include the participation o# various groups such as policy maers, local government authorities, youth and non4government organiations$ on4 government organiations also conducted .; activities on environment and sustaina/le development #or communities and other local sectoral groups through their own eforts and initiatives$ Eforts are /eing undertaen to integrate environmental education in all levels o# education (/asic, secondary, tertiary, technicalFvocational, teacher training, and non4#ormal*$ ;oncerned agencies are the Department o# Education, ;ulture and Sports (DE;S*, the Department o# Environment and atural !esources, ;ommission on Higher Education, and the 5echnical Sills Development uthority, particularly with the sian Development Ban4DE;S4 Environmental %anagement Bureau (DB4DE;S4E%B* Pro&ect on Environmental Education$ Decision-Making: Legisa!ion an" Reg#a!ions
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Decision-Making: S!$a!egies% Poicies an" Pans
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Decision-Making: Ma&o$ '$o#(s In)o)e*en!
See under Decision-Making: Coordinating Bodies. P$og$a**es an" P$o&ec!s
o in#ormation is availa/le$ S!a!#s
5he promotion o# sustaina/le development through in#ormation and education is one o# the priority activities to invoe a paradigm shi#t in the development outloo o# the nation$ %em/er agencies o# the Philippine ;ouncil #or Sustaina/le Development (P;SD* as well as their civil society counterparts have all contri/uted to the promotion o# sustaina/le development in the country though various programs, pro&ects, and other .; activities related to the promotion o# awareness and advocacy activities #or the environment and sustaina/le development$ 5he Philippine Agenda )* =PA )*> is /eing distri/uted to ey agencies, organiations, and institutions$ Popular versions and primers which will /e printed in diferent dialects and designed #or /asic sectors will also /e distri/uted to provide the general pu/lic with a lay person0s version o# the P 81$ 5he P;SD Su/committee on .n#ormation and Education is the primary arm that coordinates the diferent
agencies and organiations in eforts o# communicating sustaina/le development to the )ilipino population through the various .; activities o# these organiations$ Elements o# P 81 are incorporated in their .; activities and materials$ .t is hoped that these eforts will /e strengthened with the inclusion o# /usiness and la/our groups in the P;SD$ C+aenges
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Ca(aci!,-#i"ing% E"#ca!ion% T$aining an" A.a$eness-$aising
5he 3overnment provides training o# local government policy4maers on sustaina/le development, particularly organiational seminars on solid waste management, Environmental .mpact ssessment, Environmental !is ssessment, and waste minimiation /y the E%B$ .n terms o# increasing pu/lic awareness, the general pu/lic has /een strati+ed into speci+c target audiences$ =# these, policy4maers (ational and local*, educators, and media personnel were identi+ed as priorities$ Several seminars and symposia have /een identi+ed as venues #or populariing the P 81 aside #rom the dissemination o# primers and posters #or the general pu/lic$ 5he Philippines launched the implementation o# an e"amination scheme which aims to motivate civil servants, especially at the e"ecutive levels to /e nowledgea/le o# environmental and sustaina/le development (SD* #acts, principles and issues$ Du//ed as the Environmental .ntelligence Ouotient Scheme (E.OS*, the Philippines pioneered this innovative approach o# /uilding a constituency #or sustaina/le development within government$ .t is &ointly lead /y the Philippines0 ;ivil Service ;ommission (;S;*- the ;areer E"ecutive Service Board (;ESB*- and the Department o# Environment and atural !esources (DE!* in coordination with the Philippine ;ouncil #or Sustaina/le Development (P;SD* and the ational Economic and Development uthority (ED*$ 5o date, there is no similar initiative /eing undertaen /y any country worldwide$ In/o$*a!ion
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Resea$c+ an" Tec+noogies
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Financing
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Coo(e$a!ion
o in#ormation is availa/le$
KKK 3his infor"ation was provided 4 the Govern"ent of Philippines to the 5fth and si.th sessions of the 6nited %ations /o""ission on Sustaina4le +evelop"ent& Last 6pdate7 * April *88:&
L Philippines L ll;ountries L Home L
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS Decision-Making: Coo$"ina!ing Bo"ies
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Decision-Making: Legisa!ion an" Reg#a!ions
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Decision-Making: S!$a!egies% Poicies an" Pans
5he Philippines has promoted the development o# sustaina/le human settlements primarily through the implementation o# the Glo4al Strateg for Shelter; and more speci+cally through, #or e"ample, the #ollowing initiatives' a* preparation o# a revised %ational Plan of Action for *88'-*88( /* enhancing the roles o# government, private sector, scienti+c community, and 3=s- c* #ocusing on shelter4related issues including ur/an management, energy, transport, poverty alleviation, health, and the environment- d* e"panding the role o# women in shelter policies- e* esta/lishing a ational data/ase on shelter and services- #* addressing constraints in shelter production- and g* improving overall per#ormance o# shelters$ .n terms o# planning, the %ational 6r4an +evelop"ent and 0ousing Fra"ewor! provided the strategy #or the development o# environmentally sound and sustaina/le human settlements$ )or program implementation, the %ational Shelter Progra" adopted eight ma&or housing policies' catalyst #or economic activity- people4centered and aided sel#4help approachesma"imum multi4sectoral participation- easier land access #or housingdevelopment o# regional growth poles- sustaina/ility and matching o# housing +nance with /ene+ciaries0 means- maintenance o# ecological /alance- and improvement o# the housing delivery system$ Decision-Making: Ma&o$ '$o#(s In)o)e*en!
5he ey players o# the shelter program have /een mo/ilied and their roles enhanced$ 5he scienti+c community has assisted in testing new construction materials and technologies$ 3=s have taen the lead in organiing and mo/iliing communities #or the /o""unit Mortgage Progra" $ 5he private sector now dominates housing production and housing +nance #or economic housing$ =n the other hand, the government has shi#ted its role #rom the ma&or provider o# socialied housing to /eing the ma&or source o# housing +nance$ P$og$a**es an" P$o&ec!s
o in#ormation is availa/le$ S!a!#s
5he improved overall per#ormance o# the shelter sector is characteried /y the #ollowing' a* increased access /y the poor to land, +nance, in#rastructures, and /uilding materials- /* strengthened capa/ility o# local authorities #or improved management- c* regularied and upgraded slums and s2uatter settlements- d*
improved rural living conditions- and e* private sector involvement in shelter and service production #or the middle and lower income groups$ C+aenges
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Ca(aci!,-#i"ing% E"#ca!ion% T$aining an" A.a$eness-$aising
o in#ormation is availa/le$ In/o$*a!ion
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Resea$c+ an" Tec+noogies
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Financing
o in#ormation is availa/le$ Coo(e$a!ion
o in#ormation is availa/le$
