1 Training Report on “SolidWorks, 3D-Model Designing” Submitted to
Guru Premsukh Memorial College of Engineering
In Partial Fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
Discipline
Mechanical & Automation Engineering (7th –Semester)
Submitted by Shubhan Singh 00513103611
Content
1. Course completion Certificate from CADD Centre 2. Acknowledgement 3. History of Designing & Part Modeling 4. Introduction to SolidWorks 4.1. Sketches 4.1.1.1. Origin 4.1.1.2. Planes 4.2. Dimensions 4.2.1.1. Driving Dimensions 4.2.1.2. Driven Dimensions 4.2.1.3. Sketch Definition 4.3. Relations 4.3.1.1. Sketch Complexity 4.4. Faeatures 4.5. Assemblies 4.6. Drawings 4.7. Model Editing 5. Step-by-Step of Sketching, Modeling, Assembly & Drawing View
Acknowledgement It is my pleasure to be indebted to various people, who directly or indirectly contributed in the development of this work and who influenced my thinking, behavior, and acts during the course of study. I express my sincere gratitude to Mr. Amit Sharma worthy Principal for providing me an opportunity to undergo summer training at CADD-Centre Ghaziabad I am thankful to Mr. Praveen for his support, cooperation, and motivation provided to me during the training for constant inspiration, presence and blessings. Lastly, I would like to thank the almighty and my parents for their moral support and my friends with whom I shared my day-to-day experience and received lots of suggestions that improved my quality of work.
Shubhan Singh 00513103611 MAE-7th -Semester
History of Designing & Part Modeling Solid modeling (or modelling) is a consistent set of principles for mathematical and computer modeling of three-dimensional solids. Solid modeling is distinguished from related areas of geometric modeling and computer graphics by its emphasis on physical fidelity.Together, the principles of geometric and solid modeling form the foundation of computer-aided design and in general support the creation, exchange, visualization, animation, interrogation, and annotation of digital models of physical objects. The use of solid modeling techniques allows for the automation of several difficult engineering calculations that are carried out as a part of the design process. Simulation, planning, and verification of processes such as machining and assembly were one of the main catalysts for the development of solid modeling. More recently, the range of supported manufacturing applications has been greatly expanded to include sheetmetal manufacturing, injection molding, welding, pipe routing etc. Beyond traditional manufacturing, solid modeling techniques serve as the foundation for rapid prototyping, digital data archival and reverse engineering by reconstructing solids from sampled points on physical objects, mechanical analysis using finite elements, motion planning and NC path verification, kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanisms, and so on. A central problem in all these applications is the ability to effectively represent and manipulate three-dimensional geometry in a fashion that is consistent with the physical behavior of real artifacts. Solid modeling research and development has effectively addressed many of these issues, and continues to be a central focus of computer-aided engineering. The historical development of solid modelers has to be seen in context of the whole history of CAD, the key milestones being the development of the research system BUILD followed by its commercial spin-off Romulus which went on to influence the development of Parasolid, ACIS and Solid Modeling Solutions. Other contributions came from Mäntylä, with his GWB and from the GPM project which contributed, among other things, hybrid modeling techniques at the beginning of the 1980s.
The modeling of solids is only the minimum requirement of a CAD system‟s capabilities. Solid modelers have become commonplace in engineering departments in the last ten years due to faster computers and competitive software pricing. Solid modeling software creates a virtual 3D representation of components for machine design and analysis. A typical graphical user interface includes programmable macros, keyboard shortcuts and dynamic model manipulation. The ability to dynamically re-orient the model, in real-time shaded 3-D, is emphasized and helps the designer maintain a mental 3-D image. A solid part model generally consists of a group of features, added one at a time, until the model is complete. Engineering solid models are built mostly with sketcher-based features; 2-D sketches that are swept along a path to become 3-D. These may be cuts, or extrusions for example. Design work on components is usually done within the context of the whole product using assembly modeling methods. An assembly model incorporates references to individual part models that comprise the product. Another type of modeling technique is 'surfacing' (Freeform surface modeling). Here, surfaces are defined, trimmed and merged, and filled to make solid. The surfaces are usually defined with datum curves in space and a variety of complex commands. Surfacing is more difficult, but better applicable to some manufacturing techniques, like injection molding. Solid models for injection molded parts usually have both surfacing and sketcher based features.
Introduction to SolidWorks SolidWorks is solid modeling CAD (computer-aided design) software that runs on Microsoft Windows and is produced by Dassault Systèmes SolidWorks Corp., a subsidiary of Dassault Systèmes, S. A. (Vélizy, France). SolidWorks is currently used by over 2 million engineers and designers at more than 165,000 companies worldwide.
Modules in SolidWorks SolidWorks extends design application through full integration with best-inclass solutions. Different Modules in SolidWorks: Part Modeling Assembly Modeling Surface Modeling Sheet Metal Design Drawing Part Modeling: This module produces parts easily and rapidly by creating features such as extrudes, revolves, thin features, lofts, sweeps, advanced shelling, feature patterns and holes. The 3D part is the basic building block of the SolidWorks mechanical design software. In SolidWorks you can design a part by sketching its component shapes and defining their size, shpe and inter relationships. By successfully creating these shapes, called features, you can construct the part. The basic modelling process for each part is as follows: Plan the part Create the basic features Analyse the remaining features Analyse the part Modify the features as necessary
Assembly Modeling: Assembly design gives a user the ability to design with user controlled associability. SolidWorks builds these individual parts and sub-assemblies into an assembly in a hierarchical manner. This is based on the relationships defined by the constraints. SolidWorks assembly design reference parts directly and maintains relationships when creating new parts. In the assembly module, you can perform physical simulation and mechanical interaction between the parts and avoid any potential design flaws.
Surface Modeling: For designing dies, castings or injection moulds, surface modelling capability is important. SolidWorks surface module can create complex models from freeform shapes. You can create complex surfaces using lofts and sweeps with guide curves, drag-handles for easy control and innovative surface features. The basic process to create the surface model is as follows: Acquire the wireframe model Study the wireframe model Create and verify the required surface Output the surface model
Sheet Metal Design: Sheet metal parts are generally used as enclosures for components or to provide support to other component. We can design a sheet metal parts on its own without any reference to the parts it will enclose, or you can design the part in the context of an assembly that contains the enclosed components.
Drawing: 2D drawing module develops complete production ready engineering drawings without drawing the sketches, makes revisions quickly and accurately, and generates bills of materials and balloons automatically, easily controlling and alignment of balloons.
Features in SolidWorks: SolidWorks is software developed for mechanical design engineers and contains many features that facilitates the engineers to easily create and manage designs. Some of the important features of SolidWorkds are as follows: Feature-based Parametric Solid modelling Fully associative Constraints Feature-based: Just as an assembly is composed of number of individual piece parts, a SolidWorks model also consists of individual constituent elements. These elements are called as Features. The features are applied directly to the work piece as soon as they are created. Features can be classified as either sketched or applied. Sketched Features: These are created directly upon a 2D sketch. Generally the sketch is transformed into a solid by extrusion, rotation, sweeping or lofting. Applied Features: These are created directly on the solid model. Fillets and Chamfers are examples of this type of features. Parametric: The dimensions and relations used to create a feature are captured and stored in the model. This enables not only to capture your design intent, but also to quickly and easily make changes to the model. In the revolved body, hole size is reduced parametrically since all the circles are driven by relations and dimension. A change in one hole reflects the others. Driving dimensions: These dimensions are used while creating a feature. They include the dimensions associated with the sketch geometry, as well as those associated with the feature itself. Relations: This includes information, such as parallelism, tangency, and concentricity. By capturing this in the sketch, SolidWorks enables you to capture your design intent up front, in the model.
Solid Modeling: A solid model is the most complete type of geometry model used in CAD systems. It contains all the wireframe and surface geometry necessary, to fully describe the edges and the faces of the model. In addition it has the information called „the topology‟ that releates the geometry together. An example of topology would be which faces (surfaces) meet at which edge (curve). This intelligence makes operation such as filleting as easy as selecting an edge and specifying a radius. Fully associative: A SolidWorks model is fully associative with the drawings and the assemblies that reference it. Changes to model are automatically reflected in the associated drawings and assemblies. Similarly, you can make changes in the drawing or assembly, and those changes will be reflected in the model. Constraints: Geometric relationships such as parallel, perpendicular, horizontal, vertical, concentric and coincident are some of the constraints supported in SolidWorks. In addition, equation can be used to establish mathematical relationships among parameters. By using constraints and equations, you can guarantee the design concepts, such as through holes or equal radii that are captured and maintained.
Design Intent Design intent is your plan about how the model should behave when it is changed. For example, if you model a boss with a blind hole in it, the hole should move when the boss is moved. To use the parametric modeler SolidWorks efficiently, you must consider the design intent before modelling. Several factors contribute to how you capture your design intent and they are: Automatic Relations Equations Added relations Dimensioning
SolidWorks Fundamentals Sketches: The sketch is the basis for most 3D models. Creating a model usually begins with a sketch. From the sketch, you can create features. You can combine one or more features to make a part. Then, you can combine and mate the appropriate parts to create an assembly. From the parts or assemblies, you can then create drawings. A sketch is a 2D profile or cross section. To create a 2D sketch, you use a plane or a planar face. In addition to 2D sketches, you can also create 3D sketches that include a Z axis, as well as the X and Y axes. There are various ways of creating a sketch. All sketches include the following elements:
Origin: In many instances, you start the sketch at the origin, which provides an anchor for the sketch.
The sketch on the right also includes a centerline. The centerline is sketched through the origin and is used to create the revolve. Although a centerline is not always needed in a sketch, a centerline helps to establish symmetry. You can also use a centerline to apply a mirror relation and to establish equal and symmetrical relations between sketch entities. Symmetry is an important tool to help create your axis-symmetric models quicker.
Planes: You can create planes in part or assembly documents. You can sketch on planes with sketch tools such as the Line or Rectangle tool and create a section view of a model. On some models, the plane you sketch on affects only the way the model appears in a standard isometric view (3D). It does not affect the design intent. With other models, selecting the correct initial plane on which to sketch helps you create a more efficient model.
Choose a plane on which to sketch. The standard planes are front, top, and right orientations. You can also add and position planes as needed. This example uses the top plane.
Dimensions: You can specify dimensions between entities such as lengths and radii. When you change dimensions, the size and shape of the part changes. Depending on how you dimension the part, you can preserve the design intent. The software uses two types of dimensions: driving dimensions and driven dimensions.
Driving Dimensions: You create driving dimensions with the Dimension tool. Driving dimensions change the size of the model when you change their values. For example, in the faucet handle, you can change the height of the faucet handle from 40mm to 55mm. Note how the shape of the revolved part changes because the spline is not dimensioned.
To maintain a uniform shape generated by the spline, you need to dimension the spline.
Driven Dimensions: Some dimensions associated with the model are driven. You can create driven, or reference dimensions, for informational purposes using the Dimension tool. The value of driven dimensions changes when you modify driving dimensions or relations in the model. You cannot modify the values of driven dimensions directly unless you convert them to driving dimensions. In the faucet handle, if you dimension the total height as 40mm, the vertical section below the spline as 7mm, and the spline segment as 25mm, the vertical segment above the spline is calculated as 8mm (as shown by the driven dimension). You control design intent by where you place the driving dimensions and relations. For example, if you dimension the total height as 40mm and create an equal relation between the top and bottom vertical segments, the top segment becomes 7mm. The 25mm vertical dimension conflicts with the other dimensions and relations (because 40-7-7=26, not 25). Changing the 25mm dimension to a driven dimension removes the conflict and shows that the spline length must be 26mm.
Sketch Definitions: Sketches can be fully defined, under defined, or over defined. In fully defined sketches, all the lines and curves in the sketch, and their positions, are described by dimensions or relations, or both. You do not have to fully define sketches before you use them to create features. However, you should fully define sketches to maintain your design intent. Fully defined sketches appear in black.
By displaying the entities of the sketch that are under defined, you can determine what dimensions or relations you need to add to fully define the sketch. You can use the color cues to determine if a sketch is under defined. Under defined sketches appear in blue. In addition to color cues, entities in under defined sketches are not fixed within the sketch, so you can drag them.
Over defined sketches include redundant dimensions or relations that are in conflict. You can delete over defined dimensions or relations, but you cannot edit them. Over defined sketches appear in yellow. This sketch is over defined because both vertical lines of the rectangle are dimensioned. By definition, a rectangle has two sets of equal sides. Therefore, only one 35mm dimension is necessary.
Relations: Relations establish geometric relationships such as equality and tangency between sketch entities. For example, you can establish equality between the two horizontal 100mm entities below. You can dimension each horizontal entity individually, but by establishing an equal relation between the two horizontal entities, you need to update only one dimension if the length changes. The green symbols indicate that there is an equal relation between the horizontal lines:
Relations are saved with the sketch. You can apply relations in the following ways: Interference: Some relations are created by inference. For example, as you sketch the two horizontal entities to create the base extrude for the faucet base, horizontal and parallel relations are created by inference.
Add Relations: You can also use the Add Relations tool. For example, to create the faucet stems, you sketch a pair of arcs for each stem. To position the stems, you add a tangent relation between the outer arcs and the top construction line horizontal (displayed as a broken line). For each stem, you also add a concentric relation between the inner and outer arcs.
Sketch Complexity: A simple sketch is easy to create and update, and it rebuilds quicker. One way to simplify sketching is to apply relations as you sketch. You can also take advantage of repetition and symmetry. For example, the faucet stems on the faucet base include repeated sketched circles:
Here is one way you can create this sketch:
Features: Once you complete the sketch, you can create a 3D model using features such as an extrude (the base of the faucet) or a revolve (the faucet handle).
Some sketch-based features are shapes such as bosses, cuts, and holes. Other sketch-based features such as lofts and sweeps use a profile along a path. Another type of feature is called an applied feature, which does not require a sketch. Applied features include fillets, chamfers, or shells. They are called “applied” because they are applied to existing geometry using dimensions and other characteristics to create the feature. Typically, you create parts by including sketch-based features such as bosses and holes. Then you add applied features. It is possible to create a part without sketch-based features. For example, you can import a body or use a derived sketch. The exercises in this document show sketch-based features.
Assemblies: You can combine multiple parts that fit together to create assemblies. You integrate the parts in an assembly using Mates, such as Concentric and Coincident. Mates define the allowable direction of movement of the components. In the faucet assembly, the faucet base and handles have concentric and coincident mates.
With tools such as Move Component or Rotate Component, you can see how the parts in an assembly function in a 3D context. To ensure that the assembly functions correctly, you can use assembly tools such as Collision Detection. Collision Detection lets you find collisions with other components when moving or rotating a component.
Drawings: You create drawings from part or assembly models. Drawings are available in multiple views such as standard 3 views and isometric views (3D). You can import the dimensions from the model document and add annotations such as datum target symbols.
Model Editing: Use the SolidWorks FeatureManager design tree and the PropertyManager to edit sketches, drawings, parts, or assemblies. You can also edit features and sketches by selecting them directly from the graphics area. This visual approach eliminates the need to know the name of the feature. Edit Sketch: You can select a sketch in the FeatureManager design tree and edit it. For example, you can edit sketch entities, change dimensions, view or delete existing relations, add new relations between sketch entities, or change the size of dimension displays. You can also select the feature to edit directly from the graphics area. Edit Features: Once you create a feature, you can change most of its values. Use Edit Feature to display the appropriate PropertyManager. For example, if you apply a Constant radius fillet to an edge, you display the Fillet Property Manager where you can change the radius. You can also edit dimensions by double-clicking the feature or sketch in the graphics area to show the dimensions and then change them in place.
Hide & Show: With certain geometry such as multiple surface bodies in a single model, you can hide or show one or more surface bodies. You can hide and show sketches, planes, and axes in all documents, and views, lines, and components in drawings. Suppress & Surpass: You can select any feature from the FeatureManager design tree and suppress the feature to view the model without that feature. When a feature is suppressed, it is temporarily removed from the model (but not deleted). The feature disappears from the model view. You can then unsuppress
the feature to display the model in its original state. You can suppress and unsuppress components in assemblies as well Rollback: When you are working on a model with multiple features, you can roll the FeatureManager design tree back to a prior state. Moving the rollback bar displays all features in the model up to the rollback state, until you revert the FeatureManager design tree back to its original state. Rollback is useful for inserting features before other features, speeding up time to rebuild a model while editing it, or learning how a model was built.
Step-by-Step of Sketching, Modeling & Assembling