Background of Study: Growth of urbanization and motori motorizat zation ion in develo developin ping g count counties ies such su ch as the the Ph Phil ilip ippi pine nes s has has led led to incr increa ease se of tra trac c cong conges esti tion on and and incr increa ease sed d tra trac c acci accide dent nts s on road road netw networ orks ks.. The The rapi rapid d rise rise of tra trac c occu occurrrence ences, s, that that will will cont contin inue ue to occur in the future, could lead to major problems. According to the etro anila !rban "evelopment aster Plans #b$ %&'A in ()*+ and b$ &-" in ()**, the Phil Ph ilip ippi pine ne Gove Goverrnmen nmentt has has made made e/or e/orts ts to deve develo lop p a majo majorr high highwa wa$ $ network in etro anila, which consists consists of si0 circumf circumfere erential ntial roads roads and (1 radial roads. 2owever, the road development has not kept pace with the the incr increa ease se of tra trac c 3 an annu annual al growth rate of more than )4 3 as a result of the rapid increase in population and economic development. Particularl$, 5pifanio de 6os 7antos Avenue #5"7A and 'ircumf 'ircumferen erential tial -oad89 #'89 are are the most most impo import rtan antt and and most most heav heavil il$ $ traveled circumferential roads and the level level of conges congestio tion n was was becomi becoming ng a concern. The total average dail$ trac volume as of ())9 was appro0imatel$ :11,111 vehi vehicl cles es per per da$ da$. 5ven 5ven thou though gh the the outer circumferential road, '89 #partl$ fun funded b$ %&' &' was was e0pec 0pecte ted d to shoul shoulder der the trac trac along along 5"7A, 5"7A, '89 was alread$ congested as well. 'ongesti 'ongestion on at at8grade at8grade intersec intersection tions s was the primar$ reas eason for the cong conges esti tion on alon along g cir circumf cumfer eren enti tial al roads. &n order to alleviate the congestion on these major highwa$s, the Philippi Philippine ne Governmen Governmentt has been imp impleme lemen nting ing projec ojectts to grade ade separate all intersections where 5"7A
and '89, and radial roads cross. %&' has been providing ;nancial assi assist stan ance ce to the the grad grade e sepa separa rati tion on proj projec ects ts unde underr the the <et <etrro ani anila la !rban -oad ( The e08post evaluation for this project was jointl$ conducted with the Philippines= >ational 5conomic and "evelopment Authorit$. : "evelopment Projects? Phases &8&&&,@ the <5ngineering 7tud$ Package 6oan@ and other projects. A total of :* billion $en has been been provi provided ded.. The The subjec subjectt project will further the grade separation e/orts. A stud$ b$ u #:11( e0amined unsigna unsignalized lized intersec intersections tions on divided divided highwa$s where ere a minor street acc access essed the the highwa ghwa$ $ at med median ian openi openings ngs.. The The author author measur measured ed the collision reduction due to the elimination of direct left turns from the minor streets b$ forcing drivers to turn right right and make a !8tur !8turn. n. The stud$ stud$ results showed that implementing this treat treatmen mentt decre decreas ased ed the total total crash crash rate rate b$ :B :B4 4 and and the the inju injur$ r$Cfa Cfata tali lit$ t$ crash rate b$ +:4 for si08lane arterials. According the author u8turns at signa signaliz lized ed inters intersect ection ions s on major major arterials degrade level of service and ma$ cause serious conDicts with right8 turning vehicles. The basic objective of the edium8 Term Term Philippines "evelopment Plan ())) () ))8: 8:11 11E E #TP #TP"P "P is to achi achiev eve e econ econom omic ic grow growth th.. &n purs pursui uing ng this this goal goal,, si0 si0 sp spec eci; i;c c obje object ctiv ives es wer were identi;ed. Fne of the objectives is to accelerate infrastructure development. At the appraisal stage, roads in etro anila su/ered from chronic congestion due to insucient transpor transportt infrastr infrastructur ucture, e, which which could could not not cope cope with with the the incr increa ease sed d tra trac c volume resulting from a rapidl$
growing population and economic development. The main reason for congestion on main roads was congestion at major at8grade intersections. The Philippine Government has been implementing projects to grade separate all intersections where 5"7A and '89, and radial roads cross in order to alleviate congestion and trac jams. At the appraisal stage, %&'A=s <etro anila !rban Transport E &mprovement 7tud$ #!T&7@ was being undertaken, and the report concluded that the grade separation of intersections along 5"7A and '89 was essential. The trac volume #in average dail$ trac of three intersections to be improved under the project was as follows? (E1,111 veh.Cda$ at 5"7ACuezonH I1,111 veh.Cda$ at '89Coni 7erranoH and )1,111 veh.Cda$ at '89CFrtigas. Thus, earl$ commencement of interchange construction was anticipated to alleviate trac congestion. The trac volume of the four intersections for which detailed designs were to be undertaken was as follows? (I1,111 veh.Cda$ at 5"7AC-ooseveltH ()1,111 veh.Cda$ at 5"7AC>orthCJestH (+1,111 veh.Cda$ at '89C Kala$aanH and B1,111 veh.Cda$ at '89C 6anusaC%ulia Largas. &t was necessar$ for the detailed designs to be completed Muickl$ so that interchange construction could begin as reMuired. Fnce seven interchanges, among which four interchanges would be detailed designed and three interchanges be constructed under the proposed project, were grade separated, almost all the interchanges along 5"7A and '89 would have been grade separated. Thus, the project was highl$ relevant to national development needs.
The basic objective of the current edium8Term Philippines "evelopment Plan :11E8:1(1 #TP"P is to ;ght povert$, through a particular focus on spurring economic growth and emplo$ment creation. &n the :11* 7tate of the >ation Address, President Arro$o recon;rmed the priorities and objectives of the TP"P, which are as follows? i increase global competitivenessH ii provide Mualit$ infrastructureH and iii link the entire countr$ b$ providing a network of infrastructure. The Government will prioritize strategic infrastructure projects that are critical to stimulating trade and investments among the priorit$ agenda in the transport sector? i roll8on roll8o/ #-F-F ports and highwa$s connecting themH ii road and rail s$stem that will alleviate congestion in etro anilaH iii road and airport tourism hubsH and iv armative action projects for indanao and other highl$ impoverished conDict8ridden areas. Taking the strategic allocation of limited budget into account, "PJ2 has decided to give priorit$ for the development of road infrastructure in the following order? i maintenance of the e0isting assetsH ii rehabilitation of deteriorated sectionsH iii improvement and widening of the congested sectionsH and iv new construction and elimination of missing links in the road network. The trac volume #in average dail$ trac of each intersection as of Fctober :11* was as follows? ()9,111 veh.Cda$ at 5"7ACuezonH I1,111 veh.Cda$ at '8 9Coni 7erranoH and (9I,111 veh.Cda$ at '89CFrtigas. 50cept at '89Coni 7errano, the trac volume has substantiall$ increased over the past (1 $ears. Thus, the objective of the subject project 9 ful;lls the need to
alleviate the trac congestion which has worsened each $ear. &t has been responsible for the design and implementation of geometric improvements at intersections within etro anila #and elsewhere in the countr$ and has almost completed upgrading of etro anila=s trac signals to provide a degree of real8 time interactive coordination #using the 7'AT7 s$stem. As part of these activities it undertakes regular trac surve$s at intersections within etro anila, and is currentl$ operating the central trac signal control room. These responsibilities are graduall$ being handed over to the "A. As a conseMuence, the latter will need to become much more involved than hitherto in the da$ to da$ operation
and maintenance of the s$stem, as well as an$ upgrading, e0tension and adjustment work that is bound to be reMuired from time to time.
Statement of Problem: ajor roads in etro anila are not adeMuate to accommodate the rising volume of vehicles. This suggests that there is a lack of metropolitan planning. Trac management poses as a challenge as well as a threat to etro anila=s development. &n particular, intersections in etro anila is also evident in adding to the widespread problem of trac. An e/ective trac management s$stem is needed in order to have an ecient road s$stem.
2NPFT257&7OO 8 Simply put, trac woes in Metro Manila stem primarily from an insucient road system, the rapid increase in car ownership, the lack of quality public transportation services, poor enforcement of trac regulations and lack of discipline on the part of both motorists and pedestrians