-1EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In todays ever changing society, exercise plays an important role in maintaining good health. We all have our fitness goals - strength training, weight reduction or body contouring. A good cardiovascular exercise routine can get the adrenalin pumping, or you can take on a yoga exercise program that can do wonders for your body and mind. Even persons suffering from diseases such as diabetes or hypertension would do well to undertake an exercise regimen that has been planned with keeping their health condition in mind. Findings Based on the results of the survey of the overall attitude of the military was that they perceived exercise as extremely important with an overall mean of 9.15 (10 being the highest). The attitudes of non military personnel was perceived as somewhat important with an overall mean of 5.4 (the highest being 10). The preference for a particular exercise varied between the m and non mil with with the mil showing greater preference for strength strength training while th non mil showed pref for aerobics Implications This report sought to show that if we continue on this trend of no exercise or very little exercise, the implications are that the as members of the general population (non military) run the risk of being more exposed to lifestyle diseases, whereas the military appeared to be physically conditioned and better able to lead healthier lifestyles. Recommendation We as a population get involved in exercises that will promote a healthier lifestyle such as those that improve cardiovascular fitness, and that , businesses may want to set up programmes to encourage employees to participate in the exercises needed to keep them healthy, both in mind and body.
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-21. INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background This study seeks to compare the attitudes of exercise and fitness of military and non military personnel and their respective attitudes to different types of exercise and fitness
1.2
Purpose The primary endpoint of the study is to survey military and non-military personnel with respect to their attitude and interest in exercise and physical fitness
1.3
Research Questions (i)
What types of exercises do military and non-military personnel participate in?
(ii)
What differences exist between military and non-military personnel in their attitudes to exercise and physical fitness?
1.4
Definitions (i)
Military
For the purpose of this study, the term ‘military ’ refers to all persons in Trinidad and Tobago attached to the Defence Force, Fire Service, Police Service, Coast Guard.
(ii)
Non Military
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-31.5
Limitations The main constraint of this survey was designing of the questionnaire to facilitate both military and non military personnel in a non biased way and the collection in a timely manner so as to facilitate the completion of this project
2. METHODOLOGY (i)
How data was collected The research instrument used in this study “structured questionnaire”. questionnaire”. Structured questionnaire are those questionnaire in which there are predetermined question relating to the aspect for which the researcher collects data. The questions are presented with exactly the same wording and in the same order to all the respondents.
(ii)
How sample was selected Data were collected from subjects who were chosen from members of the military and civilian population using a questionnaire completed by fifty (50) civilian personnel of all ages, and fifty (50) military personnel from the Fire Service, Police Service and Coast Guard/Army.
(iii) Data Analysis Techniques used The analysis of the data was done using tables and the calculation of mean, median and mode, frequency, variance and standard deviation.
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-43. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS QUESTIONS (i)
What types of exercises do military and non-military personnel participate in? MILITARY Military physical training is distinctly different from civilian training because the exercises are designed to be applied towards real-life military situations. Training might be done in settings that will depict real life conditions, with great emphasis being placed on strength training such as, triceps extension, bicep curl, abdominal curl curl and abdominal abdominal crunch. The military’s attitude to physical fitness has changed since studies have shown that it has a direct impact on their readiness, for battle if they are army, fighting fires or maintaining law and order.
The main component of fitness tests as well as real-world physical exertion is strength training and stamina training for eg long distance walking and running. Strength training is incorporated with weights or circuit training which helps military members increase their overall muscle endurance and cardio fitness. Army fitness workouts are much different than the workouts of the average gym person or non military person, since regular training is geared toward upper body, abdominal and cardiovascular fitness. Not only are physically fit military personnel essential to the stability of a country they are also more likely to have enjoyable, productive lives.
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-5NON MILITARY Physical activity for non military may include structured activities such as walking, jogging, strength training, or sports and whatever daily activities that fits our schedule for example, weight loss or moderate-intensity moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week. One typical physical activity goals is participating in aerobic activities. Which includes any activity that makes you breathe hard and increases your heart rate for a sustained period of time. And can include cycling, running and swimming and brisk walking The range of fitness exercise equipment available these days is mindboggling. You can invest in a home gym, space and budget permitting. The exercise treadmill continues to remain the all-time favourite with exercise enthusiasts. The exercise bike is a stationary exercise machine that can provide you with the workout you desire. The rowing machine, elliptical trainer, exercise ball and stepper are other important constituents of any gym. Abdominal exercise equipment is widely available these days – online stores, catalogs and used equipment stores. Dumbbells and free weights are simple exercises that can help further your fitness goals.
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-8(ii)
What are the attitudes to exercise and physical physical fitness of military military and non-military personnel. Military fitness fitness workouts have been developed in which the average person may not be able to cope, eg bench press, weight lifting lifting and doing squats and other forms of strength training. The main focus o f military fitness workouts are to prepare the officers to be physically ready for any situation. The “big three” the army focuses on are push-ups, sit-ups and cardiovascular fitness. There are other exercises that are done on a weekly basis in most units. Non military physical fitness is closely associated with quality of life. Physical fitness is associated with well as well-being, body composition reduction of excess body fat. While the common goal for both participants pa rticipants is to get fit, build strength and stay in shape, although the methods of achieving these goals vary dramatically, the main difference between military and non military is that the military needs to be fit and ready at all time
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-9-
Attitudes to Exercise and Fitness Based on the range of mean,9.15 (TABLE (TABLE 1.B refers), where 1 – 3 indicates a scale of NOT IMPORTANT, 4 – 7 indicates SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT IMPORTANT and 8- 10, extremely important, important, exercises are perceived as extremely important. When compared to non military, the standard deviation (s.d.) showed a greater variation in Body fat weight loss with s.d of 2.0 and Improve performance for a specific sport or activity with activity with s.d of 1.5. This attitude showed that hat there was a consensus among the majority of military personnel as to the extreme importance in the attitudes to exercise.
Based on the range of mean5.35, (TABLE 1.C refers), where 1 – 3 indicates a scale of NOT IMPORTANT, 4 – 7 indicates SOMEWHAT SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT IMPORTANT and 8- 10, extremely important, important, exercises are not perceived as important, important, when compared compared to the military, military, with a lower mean boundary falling between NOT IMPORTANT and SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT. The s.d shows relatively more variation ranging from 1.6 to 3.5
Reasons why exercise is considered extremely important because it is a core aspect of military life, whereas, for the non military it is not core for job descriptions.
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-6DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS STATISTICS ON TYPES OF EXERCISES EXERCISES Based on the data (Table (Table 1.A) 1.A) there were a number of observations drawn.
In today’s every changing society who are become quite health conscious, exercise plays an important role in maintaining good health. We all have our fitness goals – strength training, weight reduction or body contouring etc. There were some exercises dominated by the military participants, more more so than the non military participants. Strength training showed showed an extremely high percentage frequency with 34% of the participants, while only 6% was recorded for the same activity with the non military participants. Stronger preference for swimming was also noted with the military with 12%, while non military recorded on 4%.
The non military participants’ dominance for traditional aerobics was noticeably higher with 22% as opposed to the military participants with 2%. Another significant difference
was the non military participant’s preference for both stationary biking and biking with percentages of 16% respectively as opposed to the military participants of 4%.
Similar patterns however were noticeable with certain activities, with both military and non military participants participants showing identical identical percentages for activities like cycling, 8% 8% and stair climbing 4% , yoga/ pilates 2%, and most noticeable with 0% for elliptical striding.
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-7-
TABLE 1.A FREQUENCY TABLE TABLE FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL PERSONNEL
Types
Military
Non -Military
Frequency
% Frequency
Frequency
% Frequency
Walking
7
14%
10
20%
Cycling
4
8%
4
8%
Stationary Biking
2
4%
8
16%
Stair Climbing
2
4%
2
4%
Jogging
7
14%
8
16%
Traditional Aerobics
1
2%
11
22%
Elliptical Striding
0
0%
0
0%
Swimming
6
12%
2
4%
17
34%
3
6%
Racquet Sports
1
2%
0
0%
Yoga/ Pilates
1
2%
1
2%
Other Aerobic
2
4%
1
2%
Walking
7
14%
10
20%
Cycling
4
8%
4
8%
Strength Training
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CONCLUSION Based on the collection and summarisation of data, the results indicated non military primarily for for general health personnel’s preference for a wider variety of fitness activities, primarily and well being for example, walking jogging, aerobics. The military on the other hand, showed a difference in the level of challenge in physical exercise, geared towards increased strength training and body fat loss. Both sets of participants felt that reshaping and toning the body were equally important, with the military’s focus on strength training while non military focused on general fitness with aerobics. Exercise is important to us as a society as a whole, and if we are to ensure that that we maintain good health and reduce the number of lifestyle diseases, we need to have a more positive attitude to exercise as is already the case with military. This needs to be addressed by the non military personnel whose attitude was somewhat important.
There is a renewed nationwide interest in fitness has been accompanied by many research studies on the effects of regular participation in sound physical fitness programs. The overwhelming conclusion is that such programs enhance a person ’s quality of life, improve productivity, and bring about positive physical and mental changes.
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-10TABLE 1.B SURVEY OF MILITARY PERSONNEL ATTITUDES
NOT
SOMEWHAT
EXTREMELY
IMPORTANT
IMPORTANT
IMPORTANT
1
4
2
3
5
6
7
8
Improve cardiovascular fitness
2
Body-fat weight loss
1
9
10
4
2
Improve performance for a specific sport or activity
1
2
Improve moods and ability to cope with stress Improve flexibility
2
Increase strength
2
VAR
S.D
9.3
.92
.96
8.4
4.0
2.0
3
9.5
1.0
1.0
1
1
8.2
2.2
1.5
1
2
9.7
0.3
0.6
2
2
9.0
0.8
0.9
2
9.0
2.0
1.4
1
1
Reshape or tone my body
MEAN
Increase energy level
2
2
9.5
0.3
0.6
Feel better
1
1
9.5
0.5
0.7
4
1
9.0
0.3
0.6
1
1
9.5
0.5
0.7
1
Enjoyment Other
100.6
X – rating (1-10)
f – (no of persons)
Grouped Sample (calculated to 1 decimal. place)
= = ∑x
Variance(VAR) = = ∑(x- )
Standard Deviation (sd) =√ ∑(x- )
10.96
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-10TABLE 1.C SURVEY OF NON MILITARY PERSONNEL GOALS
NOT
SOMEWHAT
EXTREMELY
IMPORTANT
IMPORTANT
IMPORTANT
1
4
Improve cardiovascular fitness
2
3
2
5
1
Improve performance for a specific sport or activity
1
3
Improve moods and ability to cope with stress
1
2
9
2
6.0
3.2
1.8
1
4.6
4.9
2.2
1
4.5
5.4
2.3 2.3
3
3.7
2.7
1.6
1
3.0
3
1.7
1
6.5
12.5
3.5
1
6.0
7
2.6
4.5
0.25
0.5
4
0.5
0.7
4.6
0.92
0.96
2
3
1
Increase energy level
1
1
Feel better
2
2
Enjoyment
3 1
10 1.7
Increase strength
3
2
58.9
X – rating (1-10)
f – (no of persons)
Grouped Sample (calculated to 1 decimal. place)
S.D
3.0
2
2
Other
8
VAR
3.5
2
Improve flexibility
7
2
Body-fat weight loss Reshape or tone my body
6
MEAN
19.56
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Appendix a
TABLE A GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION - HISTOGRAM Comparison of participants attitudes to exercise
8 7
SUMMARY 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MILITARY
NON MILITARY
Walking
7
10
Cycling
4
4
Stationary Biking
2
8
Stair Climbing
2
2
Jogging Traditional Aerobics
7
8
1
11
Elliptical Striding
0
0
Swimming
6
2
Strength Training
17
3
Racquet Sports
1
0
TYPE OF EXERCISE
Yoga/ Pilates
SUMMARY comparision of participants attitudes to exercise MILITARY SUMMARY comparision of participants attitudes to exercise NON MILITARY
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Appendix b TABLE
B
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION - HISTOGRAM Comparison of Military and Military to Different types of exercise
18 16 14 12 10 8 SUMMARY MILITARY 6 4 2 0
SUMMARY NON MILITARY
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