Student Handout #3 Topic: How to Install Computer Hardware prepared by Mr. Lemuel Lemuel C. Condes
3.1 OBJECTIVES After going through this lesson you would be a ble to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
plan and prepare for assembling a computer identify the Occupational Health and Safety policies and procedures related to the system requirements. identify different tools, equipment and testing devices needed to carry out the assembly work. identify different materials necessary to complete the work work in accordance with established procedures and checked against systems requirements. perform the assembly process or procedures of a computer hardware. check and analyze the BIOS for configuration to ensure that the system is assembled properly. perform the disassembly process or procedures of a computer hardware.
3.2 INTRODUCTION This instruction will teach you how to make a personal desktop computer. There are some steps for you to follow. But first, you will have to prepare the following:
TOOLS
Phillips Screwdriver
Standard Screwdriver
Mechanical Pliers
Anti-static Wrist Strap or Wrist Band – to discharge your body’s static electricity.
Flash light/Head mounted light
Eye Protector Glasses
Longnose Pliers
MATERIALS
Motherboard-the Motherboard-the main board in the computer also called the system board.
Central processing Unit (CPU) – (Please refer to image 1.1 on page 10)
Random access memory (RAM) – Used to temporarily hold data and programs while the CPU processes both.
Hard drive – The main secondary storage device of a PC.
Power supply – a box inside the computer case that supplies power to the motherboard and other installed devices.
SATA and/or IDE Cablesconnects Hard drive or CDROM drive to the motherboard.
Power Cable-provides Cable-provides connection between power source and the system unit.
Case-houses Case-houses the hardware components of a computer.
Monitor (please refer to Table 1.2 on page 10)
Keyboard (please refer to Table 1.12 on page 9)
Mouse (please refer to Table 1.12 on page 9)
EQUIPMENT
Working Table with rubber mat
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) - Rechargeable power supply but only lasts for 30 minutes.
3.3 PREPARATION Proper preparation is the key to a successful build. Before you begin, make sure:
you have all the tools you will need,
secure a clear, well-lit workspace,
gather all the components you’ll be using,
verify that everything that is supposed to be there is actually present, and read the manuals if it’s a new unit.
3.4 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Safety precautions are important for your own security. Please read the following Occu pational Health and Safety policies and procedures thoroughly. 1.
Do not work alone so that there's someone who can take care of you in case of emergency.
2.
Take away any liquid near your working area to avoid getting electrocuted or accidentally damaging computer parts.
3.
Be careful with tools that may cause short circuit.
4.
Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.
5.
Do not use excessive force if things don't quite slip into place.
6.
Hold the components on the edges and do not touch the Integrated Circuit (IC) parts.
7.
Always wear personal protective equipment (PPE).
8.
Contingency measures should be recognized.
3.5 PROCEDURES ON ASSEMBLING COMPUTER HARDWARE
STEPS AND PROCEDURE
Step 1: Prepare the Motherboard then install the CPU on it.
PICTURE REPRESENTATIONS
Step 2: Connect the CPU cooler to the Motherboard. Be sure to apply thermal paste to the CPU before installing the cooling fan.
Step 3: Attach the RAM (memory) modules on its corresponding slots in the motherboard.
Step 4: Open the case and mount in the power supply.
Step 5: Suitably position the Motherboard and install it in the case.
Step 6: Mount the Hard disk and connect it to the power supply and the motherboard.
Step 7: Connect the SATA (or IDE) connectors to the drives and to the Motherboard.
Step 8: Connect the case switches to the motherboard.
Step 9: Connect the 20 or 24-pin ATX connector and the 4-pin power supply control connector to the motherboard.
Step 10: Cover the case and stand it up ready for connecting it to the main peripherals.
Step 11: Connect the VGA cable of the monitor to the VGA port of the motherboard located at the back of the system unit.
Step 12: Connect the keyboard and mouse cord to the back of the system unit.
Step 13: Connect one power cord to the system unit and one to the monitor.
Step 14: Plug-in the power cords to the UPS.
Step 15: Plug-in the UPS to the power source outlet.
Step 16: Switch on the UPS then turn on the Computer.
Step 17: Check the BIOS for configuration. Press F1, F2 or Delete keys upon booting to enter the BIOS Setup then check the contents. If the Hard Drive is detected, then the computer is properly assembled.
3.6 PROCEDURES ON DISASSEMBLING COMPUTER HARDWARE Follow the “Safety Precautions” then perform the “Steps on Assembling Procedures” in reverse order, starting from “Step 16”. 3.7 HOW TO CHANGE COMPUTER BIOS SETTINGS Knowing how to access and change settings in your BIOS can save you a lot of headaches when troubleshooting a computer. The method varies for every computer, but this guide will show you how to access and change your BIOS settings.
METHOD 1 OF 3: Enter the BIOS
1.
Boot the computer. As the manufacturer’s logo appears, press the designated setup button to enter the BIOS. The key varies by manufacturer. Typical setups keys are F2, F10, F12, and Del. The key will be displayed on the screen with the manufacturer’s logo.
2.
Rapidly strike the setup key. Newer computers can boot very fast. Once you figure out your setup key, rapidly press it when booting the computer. This will give you a greater chance of entering the BIOS. You may have to repeat the process several times if you have difficulty with the timing. NOTE: If you are running Windows 8 and cannot access the BIOS, see the Entering Windows 8 Boot Options section.
3.
Wait for your BIOS to load. After successfully hitting the setup key, the BIOS will load. This should only take a few moments. When the loading is complete, you will be taken to the BIOS settings menu.
METHOD 2 OF 3: Adjust Settings
1.
Navigate the BIOS. Every manufacturer has a different layout for their BIOS menu, but most share some common settings. These include power settings, date and time settings, boot order, and more. NOTE: BIOS menus do not support mouse input. You will need to navigate the menus using your keyboard. Most BIOS allow you to move through menus with the arrow keys, while some use specific keys for specific menus, or + and – keys for navigation.
2.
Change your settings carefully. When adjusting settings in your BIOS, be sure that you certain what the settings will affect. Changing settings incorrectly can lead to system or hardware failure.
3.
Change the boot order. If you want to change what device to boot from, enter the Boot menu. From here, you can designate which device the computer will attempt to boot from first. This is useful for booting from a disc to install or repair an operating system.
4.
Create a BIOS password. You can create a password that will lock the computer from booting unless the correct password is entered.
5.
Change your date and time. Your BIOS’s clock will dictate your Windows clock. If the battery has been recently replaced, your clock will most likely have been reset. You can adjust your clock settings from the BIOS.
6.
Change fan speeds and system voltages. These options are for advanced users only. In this menu, you can overclock your CPU, potentially giving more performance. This should be performed only if you are comfortable with your computer’s hardware. Check out our [[Overclock a PC | guide on overclocking] for more information.
7.
Save and exit. When you are finished adjusting your settings, you will need to save and exit in order for your changes to take effect. When you save and restart, your computer will reboot with the new settings.
1.
Understand what is new with Windows 8 booting. Windows 8 often boots too quickly to manually enter the BIOS menu via the setup key. If you are running a solid state drive, you may have as little as .2 seconds to successfully press the setup key. Windows 8 allow you to enter a new Advanced Startup menu that replaces the functions of the BIOS.
METHOD 3 OF 3: Enter Windows 8 Boot Options
NOTE: This method only works if you have a UEFI-enabled motherboard. These are relatively recent releases, so older systems running Windows 8 will have to enter BIOS the old manual way.
2.
Open Windows Settings. You can do this by pressing the Windows key + C to open the sidebar. Click the Settings button in the sidebar. Once the Settings menu is open, select the General tab.
3.
Restart with Advanced startup. Under the Advanced startup section in the General settings, click Restart Now. This will reboot the computer into the Advanced Startup menu.
NOTE: Alternatively, you can hold down the Shift key while clicking the Restart button in the Shut Down menu.
4.
Adjust your settings. To access the BIOS settings, click the Troubleshoot button. This will open the “Advanced options” menu. From this menu, you can adjust your BIOS settings by clicking UEFI Firmware Settings. If you don’t see this option, you do not have a UEFI-enabled motherboard.
5.
Change the boot device. If you would like to boot from a disc or another drive, return to the main Advanced Startup menu. Click the “Use a device” button. This will allow you to select which device you would like to boot from, such as your DVD drive or a flash drive.
3.7.1
3.7.2
Tips A useful task is to check the boot order. If you have the OS on the hard drive, make sure that the hard drive is the first in the boot order. This can save a few seconds off boot time. Keep a copy of your motherboard's documentation (a.k.a. User Manual) with you in case you can't get in or out of the BIOS, or you need help changing something. Backup your BIOS settings by recording them on paper once your PC is running and before you make any changes to them.
Warnings Don't change anything if you don't know what you're doing. If you are going to flash the BIOS after, do NOT attempt this. If you have already changed settings, you must reset your BIOS. Instructions on how to reset your BIOS can be found here: Reset Your BIOS
STUDENT STUDY GUIDE PART 1 – MULTIPLE-CHOICE: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Please write your choice on your answer sheet. 1.
__________ It is an input device that allows the user to move a cursor around a screen and select programs with the click of a button. a. Monitor b. Mouse c. Keyboard d. Printer
2.
__________ Refers to the legislation, policies, procedures and activities that aim to protect the health, safety and welfare of all people at the workplace. a. Republic Act b. House Rules c. Occupational Health and Safety d. Presidential Decree
3.
__________ A person that deals with the troubleshooting of a computer. a. Computer Technician b. Computer Programmer c. Computer Troubleshooter d. Computer Doctor
4.
__________ What is the most important hardware component of a computer? a. Processor b. Monitor c. Mouse d. Keyboard
5.
__________ The two primary components of a computer are: a. Input and Output b. Hardware and Software c. Keyboard and Mouse d. Monitor and Printer
PART 2 – TRUE OR FALSE: Write true if the following statement is true and write wrong if it is wrong. Please write your choice on your answer sheet. 1.
______________________ It is okay to work alone when assembling a computer.
2.
______________________ It is important to hold the components on its edges so that the ICs won’t be damaged.
3.
______________________ The RAM is also called the Central Processing Unit.
4.
______________________ Input device shows the information after processing in an understandable and usable form.
5.
______________________ Software is the physical component of a computer.
PART 3 – IDENTIFICATION: Identify each item below. Please write your choice on your answer sheet. 1.
__________________ - a rechargeable power supply that only lasts for 30 minutes.
2.
__________________ - used to temporarily hold data and programs while the CPU processes both.
3.
__________________ - provides connection between power source and the system unit.
4.
__________________ - the main secondary storage device of a PC.
5.
__________________ - the main board in the computer also called the system board.
6.
__________________ - a common input device through which data and instructions may be typed into computer memory.
7.
__________________ - houses the hardware components of a computer.
8.
__________________ - it is used for Electro-Static Discharge or ESD.
9.
__________________ - the primary storage device which holds the data while processing.
10. __________________ - a box inside the computer case that supplies power to the motherboard and other installed devices.
