UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL TORIBIO RODRIGUEZ DE MENDOZA - AMAZONAS FACULTA DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y ADMINISTRATIVAS EMPRESAS CARRERA PROFESIONA PROFESIONAL L DE ADMINISTRAC ADMINISTRACIÓN IÓN DE EMPRESAS
TEMA: SUPERVISAR A LAS PERSONAS Y EL FUTURO DE LA ADMINTRACION DE RECURSOS HUMANOS CURSO: GESTIÓN DE TALENTO HUMANO DOCENTE: Mg. CARRASCO VEGA YAJAIRA LIZETH ESTUDIANTES: FERNANDEZ RODAZ, Karem RAMIREZ ERNAL, A!"re#$ CICLO: VI
CHACHAPOYAS - 2017
INTRODUCCIÓN E%&e '("$rme e% e! re%)me( *)e e+!'-a -$m$ !$% e%e-'a!'%&a% e( a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($%, e%e-'a!me(&e !$% gere(&e% #e !0(ea 1 !$% -$!a2$ra#$re% )e#a( $2&e(er '("$rma-'( 1 &$mar #e-'%'$(e% a#e-)a#a% e( !a $rga('3a-'(, 1a *)e e% #e %)ma 'm$r&a(-'a !$% %'%&ema% #e '("$rma-'(, *)'e(e% %$( !$% *)e r$$r-'$(a( '("$rma-'( ara *)e !$% gere(&e% &$me( #e-'%'$(e% -$rre-&a% 1 )e#a( !!e4ar a !a $rga('3a-'( a! 5+'&$. P$r e! -)a! e%&e '("$rme re%e(&a !$% re%)!&a#$% $2&e('#$% 1 e( e! -)a! e%&6 e%&r)-&)ra#$ #e !a me&$#$!$g0a )&'!'3a#a ara #e&erm'(ar 1 -ara-&er'3ar -a#a )($ #e !$% '(#'-a#$re% r$)e%&$%. Seg)'#ame(&e %e m)e%&ra( !$% re%)!&a#$% $2&e('#$%.
1
I. I.1.
SUPERVISAR A LAS PERSONAS
COMUNICACIONES INTERNAS
La -$m)('-a-'( %e #a e( &$#a $rga('3a-'( #e "$rma %!'#a &a(&$ #e !a ar&e %)er'$r e '("er'$r. Seg7( Dr)-8er %e9a!a *)e -a#a er%$(a *)e e(&ra a &ra2a:ar e( )(a $rga('3a-'( #e2e -$($-er #'-/a '(%&'&)-'( -$m$ &am2'5( e! :e"e #e *)'e( e%&6 a -arg$ #e2e #e e(%e9ar!$, 1 a%0 ($ &e(er ('(g7( '(-$(4e('e(&e e( -)a(&$ a !a !a2$rar. U(a #e !a% e%&ra&eg'a% m6% 'm$r&a(&e% ara !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% re%'#e e( )(a '(&e(%a -$m)('-a-'( 1 rea!'me(&a-'( -$( !$% -$!a2$ra#$re%. U( %'%&ema #e '("$rma-'( #e2e r$$r-'$(ar !a 4'%'2'!'#a# a#e-)a#a ara *)e !$% gere(&e% #e !0(ea 1 !$% -$!a2$ra#$re% )e#a( (a4egar 1 &ra2a:ar "re(&e a me&a% 1 $2:e&'4$% -am2'a(&e% 1 -$m!e:$%. E:em!$; U( e:e-)&'4$ *)e &ra2a:a e( )(a $rga('3a-'( g!$2a!, -$( r$#)-&$% 1 mer-a#$% e%ar-'#$% $r &$#$ e! m)(#$.
I.2.
NECESIDAD DE INFORMACIÓN
La (e-e%'#a# #e '("$rma-'( e% m)1 ")(#ame(&a! e( )(a $rga('3a-'( 1a *)e erm'&e a !$% a!&$% #'re-&'4$% &e(er )(a &$ma #e #e-'%'$(e% e"'-'e(&e% ara #'r'g'r%e a %)% -$!a2$ra#$re% a "'( #e *)e re-'2a( '("$rma-'( 1 rea!'me(&a-'( re%e-&$ a %) r$'$ #e%eme9$ 1 a %) %'&)a-'( e( !a $rga('3a-'(, 1 ara *)e )e#a( '(&era-&)ar -$( !$% #em6% 1 $2&e(er '("$rma-'( re!e4a(&e.
I.3.
BASE DE DATOS DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS
E! %$$r&e #e &$#$ e! %'%&ema #e '("$rma-'( e% !a 2a%e #e #a&$%, *)e ")(-'$(a -$m$ )( %'%&ema #e a!ma-e(am'e(&$ 1 a-)m)!a-'( #e #a&$% 2
#e2'#ame(&e -$#'"'-a#$% 1 #'%$('2!e% ara e! r$-e%am'e(&$ 1 !a $2&e(-'( #e '("$rma-'(. La a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% re*)'ere #e !a )&'!'3a-'( #e 4ar'a% 2a%e% #e #a&$% '(&er-$(e-&a#a% *)e erm'&a( $2&e(er 1 a!ma-e(ar #a&$% %$2re #'"ere(&e% e%&ra&$% $ ('4e!e% #e -$m!e:'#a#, e%&$% )e#e( %er=
N B!"# $# $!%&" D#'()(*(+) > Reg'%&r$ #e er%$(a! #a&$% er%$(a!e% %$2re -a#a &ra2a:a#$r. ? Reg'%&r$ #e )e%&$% #a&$% %$2re !$% $-)a(&e% #e -a#a -arg$. @ Reg'%&r$ #e #a&$% %$2re !$% &ra2a:a#$re% #e -a#a %e--'(,
%e--'$(e% Reg'%&r$
#ear&ame(&$ $ #'4'%'(. #e #a&$% %$2re !$% %a!ar'$% 1 !$% '(-e(&'4
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rem)(era-'( Reg'%&r$
%a!ar'a!e%. #e #a&$% %$2re !a% re%&a-'$(e% 1 !$% %er4'-'
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re%&a-'$(e% Reg'%&r$
%$-'a!e%. #e #a&$% %$2re !$% r$grama% #e e(&re(am'e(&$.
e(&re(am'e(&$ Reg'%&r$
#e #a&$% %$2re !$% -a(#'#a&$% a em!e$.
-a(#'#a&$% Reg'%&r$ m5#'-$
#a&$% %$2re -$(%)!&a% 1 e+6me(e% m5#'-$% #e a#m'%'(, e+6me(e% er'#'-$%, e&-5&era.
C)a(#$ !a 2a%e #e #a&$% %e -e(&ra!'3a e( !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% e% (e-e%ar'$ /a-er ()e4$% reg'%&r$% $ re4'%'$(e% er'#'-a% ara a-&)a!'3ar !$% #a&$% er%$(a!e% #e !$% -$!a2$ra#$re%, r'(-'a!me(&e e( re!a-'( -$( !a% ()e4a% -$me&e(-'a%, e+er'e(-'a%, -)r%$% e+&er($%, e%&a#$ -'4'!, -am2'$ #e #'re--'(, ar&'-'a-'( e( e4e(&$% %$-'a!e%, e&-5&era.
CASO PRACTICO: TRADICIÓN Y PASADO S.A Reg'(a O!'4e'ra eme3 $r -am2'ar e! ($m2re #e D're--'( #e Per%$(a! $r e! #e Dear&ame(&$ #e A#m'('%&ra-'( #e Ta!e(&$% e 'm!a(& )(a 2a%e #e #a&$% '(&era-&'4a 1 #'(6m'-a *)e erm'&e e! ")(-'$(am'e(&$ #e )( %'%&ema '(&egra! #e '("$rma-'(, #e a--e%$ "6-'! 1 r6'#$ ara &$#$% !$% )%)ar'$%; e% #e-'r, !a #'re--'(, !$% gere(&e% #e !0(ea 1 !$% -$!a2$ra#$re%. C$( !a -$!a2$ra-'( #e !$% )%)ar'$% a% a !a e&aa #e m$(&ar e! %'%&ema. 3
I.,.
SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS U( %'%&ema #e '("$rma-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% %'r4e ara re)('r,
reg'%&rar, a!ma-e(ar, a(a!'3ar 1 re-)erar #a&$% %$2re !$% re-)r%$% /)ma($% #e !a $rga('3a-'(. La ma1$r0a #e !$% %'%&ema% #e '("$rma-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% e%&6( -$m)&ar'3a#$%.
I$#)%('(*!*(+) #"&)!/:
D!%&" $# !$("(+):
N$m2re
Fe-/a #e a#m'%'(
D$m'-'!'$
P)e%&$ '('-'a!
Fe-/a 1 !)gar #e (a-'m'e(&$
Sa!ar'$ '('-'a!
Na-'$(a!'#a#
N7m. #e #ee(#'e(&e%
F'!'a-'(
Emre%a% #$(#e &ra2a:
E%&a#$ -'4'!
N7m. #e reg'%&r$
N$m2re #e e%$%a e /':
%$N7m. #e -)e(&a 2a(-ar'a
Fe-/a 1 !)gar #e (a-'m'e(&$ #e E*)'$ #e &ra2a:$ e%$%a e H':$% D!%&" #"&)!/#":
D!%&" $# &#"&:
Emre%a% e( !a% *)e /a !a2$ra#$
P)e%&$% $-)a#
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%$E4a!)a-'( #e! #e%eme9$
P)e%&$% $-)a#
%$C)r%$% '(&er($% &$ma#
%$Sa!ar'$% er-'2'#
%$C)r%$% e+&er($% &$ma#
%$E%-)e!a% e( !a% *)e e%&)#'
Re%)!&a#
%$C)r%$% &$ma#$% 1 &erm'(a#
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I.,.1. SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS Rere%e(&a e! e("$*)e *)e a2ar-a a !a ")er3a #e &ra2a:$ 1 %'r4e ara *)e !$% e%e-'a!'%&a% e( re-)r%$% /)ma($% 1 !$% gere(&e% #e !0(ea e"e-&7e( a(6!'%'%, emre(#a( a--'$(e% 1 &$me( #e-'%'$(e%. P$r !$ m'%m$, #e2e 4
%a&'%"a-er !a% (e-e%'#a#e% #e !a% #$% ar&e% 1 %er4'r #e 2a%e #e '("$rma-'( ara !$% -$!a2$ra#$re%. E! r'mer a%$ -$(%'%&e e( %a2er e+a-&ame(&e *)5 '("$rma-'( (e-e%'&a( !$% )%)ar'$%. Y -)2re !$% a%e-&$% %'g)'e(&e%= >. T$&a! a!'(ea-'( -$( e! !a( e%&ra&5g'-$ #e !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% -$m$ 2a%e #e '("$rma-'( ara *)e %e )e#a 'm!a(&ar -$( 5+'&$. ?. F$rm)!a-'( #e $2:e&'4$% 1 r$grama% #e a--'( 1 r6-&'-a% #e a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($%. @. Reg'%&r$% 1 -$(&r$!e% #e er%$(a! ara e"e-&$ $era-'$(a! #e !a (m'(a #e ag$%, !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e 4a-a-'$(e%, e! ag)'(a!#$, !a% "a!&a% 1 !$% re&ra%$%, !a #'%-'!'(a, e&-5&era. . I("$rme% %$2re rem)(era-'(, '(-e(&'4$% %a!ar'a!e%, re%&a-'$(e%, #a&$% #e re-!)&am'e(&$ 1 %e!e--'(, !a( #e !a -arrera, e(&re(am'e(&$ 1 #e%arr$!!$, /'g'e(e 1 %eg)r'#a# !a2$ra!e%, 6rea m5#'-a, -$m$ 2a%e ara e! r$-e%$ #e !a &$ma #e #e-'%'$(e% a#m'('%&ra&'4a%. B. I("$rme% %$2re )e%&$% 1 %e--'$(e%, -$%&$% '(4$!)-ra#$%, a(6!'%'% 1 -$mara-'$(e%. . U(a 2a%e #e #a&$% #e &a!e(&$% '(&er($% $ e+&er($% 1 #e !a% -$me&e(-'a% #'%$('2!e% $ *)e %e (e-e%'&a( ara e! 5+'&$ #e !a $rga('3a-'(. . O&ra% '("$rma-'$(e% a#m'('%&ra&'4a% re!e4a(&e% ara !a $rga('3a-'( 1 ara !a% er%$(a%. . A%)(&$% #e '(&er5% r$"e%'$(a! #e !$% -$!a2$ra#$re%, -$m$ $$r&)('#a#e% #e r$m$-'(, $"er&a% #e -arrera, $"er&a% #e e(&re(am'e(&$ 1 #e%arr$!!$, ($4e#a#e% %$2re !a $rga('3a-'(, r$#)-&$% 1 %er4'-'$%, -!'e(&e%, r$4ee#$re%. . A%)(&$% #e '(&er5% er%$(a! #e !$% -$!a2$ra#$re%, -$m$ !a %'&)a-'( #e !a% 4a-a-'$(e%, #a&$% #e !a% re%&a-'$(e%, rem)(era-'(, e&-5&era.
I.,.2. SISTEMA
DE
INFORMACIÓN
GERENCIAL
DE
LA
ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS E! %'%&ema #e '("$rma-'( gere(-'a! SIG e% )( %'%&ema !a('"'-a#$ ara $2&e(er, r$-e%ar, $rga('3ar, a!ma-e(ar 1 #'")(#'r '("$rma-'(, #e m$#$ *)e !$% 5
gere(&e% #e !0(ea 1 !$% e%e-'a!'%&a% e( a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% &$me( #e-'%'$(e% e"'-a-e%.
I.,.3. SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN A LOS COLABORADORES L$% -$!a2$ra#$re% #e2e( &e(er a--e%$ 1 re-'2'r '("$rma-'( #e %) &ra2a:$, !a $%'-'( #e %) )('#a# $rga('3a-'$(a! 1 %$2re !a $rga('3a-'(. Tam2'5( #e2e( -$($-er $"er&a% #e )e%&$%, #e r$grama% #e e(&re(am'e(&$, #e $$r&)('#a#e% 1 #e '("$rma-'( a-er-a #e !a emre%a 1 %) mer-a#$. Para e!!$, e! %'%&ema #e '("$rma-'( &am2'5( #e2e %er a#a&a#$ a !a% (e-e%'#a#e% 1 !a% -$(4e('e(-'a% #e !$% -$!a2$ra#$re%.
I.,.,. EVALUACIÓN DE LOS SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS De2'#$ a !a -a(&'#a# #e '("$rma-'( *)e %e a#*)'ere, e%&$ %e #e2e #e r$-e%ar 1 $(er a #'%$%'-'( #e !$% )%)ar'$%, #$(#e !$% e%e-'a!'%&a% e( a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% #e2e( e4a!)ar -$( -)'#a#$ e! 4a!$r #e !a '("$rma-'( *)e %e '(-!)'r6 e( e! %'%&ema. La -)e%&'( e% %a2er e+a-&ame(&e !$ *)e %e '(-!)'r6 e( e! %'%&ema.
I..
SISTEMAS DE SUPERVISIÓN DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS
A(&e% e! 6rea #e !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% -$(&r$!a2a -$( r'g'#e3 e! -$m$r&am'e(&$ #e !$% &ra2a:a#$re% $r me#'$ #e &ar:e&$(e% ara -$(&r$!ar !a% e(&ra#a% 1 %a!'#a% #e! er%$(a!. E%&$ '(-!)0a e%*)ema% #e 4'g'!a(-'a #$&a#$% #e g)ar#'a% 1 $2%er4a#$re% ara e4'&ar "ra)#e% 1 $%'2!e% r$2$%. H$1 !a% $rga('3a-'$(e% e%&6( /a-'e(#$ )%$ #e !a &e-($!$g0a #$(#e %e e%&6( %)er4'%a(#$ a &ra45% #e r$grama% #'g'&a!e% /)e!!a, 4'%&a, e&-. 1 &am2'5( -6mara% #e %eg)r'#a# e( e! am2'e(&e #e #e%arr$!!$.
I..1. ORNADA LABORAL Rere%e(&a e! (7mer$ #e /$ra% #'ar'a%, %ema(a!e% $ me(%)a!e% *)e e! -$!a2$ra#$r #e2e -)m!'r e( ra3( #e %) -$(&ra&$ #e &ra2a:$ 1 $r !$ ge(era!, 6
e%$% /$rar'$% #e2e( %er re%e&a#$% r0g'#ame(&e ara *)e e! %'%&ema r$#)-&'4$ %e )e#a -$$r#'(ar 1 ($ 'er#a e"'-'e(-'a $r !a a)%e(-'a #e er%$(a% *)e "$rma( ar&e #e 5!. O-'$(e% ara !a :$r(a#a !a2$ra! &e(em$%= >. E! -a!e(#ar'$ a()a! #e &ra2a:$, e! -)a! e%&a2!e-e !$% #0a% !a2$ra2!e% 1 !$% !!ama#$% )e(&e% #0a% !a2$ra2!e% *)e *)e#a( e(&re #0a% "er'a#$% 1 !$% %62a#$% $ #$m'(g$% e( *)e ($ %e &ra2a:a. ?. La% 4a-a-'$(e% %$( )(a ma(era #e %'m!'"'-ar e! -a!e(#ar'$ 1 #e re#)-'r !$% -$%&$% !a2$ra!e%. @. C$( )( &ra2a:$ -$mar&'#$, #$% $ m6% er%$(a% -$mar&e( $ #e%eme9a( )( m'%m$ )e%&$ e( #'"ere(&e% /$rar'$% #e &ra2a:$. . E! &ra2a:$ e( -a%a !'2era a !a er%$(a #e &e(er *)e &ra(%$r&ar%e &$#$% !$% #0a% a !a $rga('3a-'(, #e! &r6(%'&$, #e &e(er *)e )%ar !a r$a a#e-)a#a 1 #e $-)ar )( #e%a-/$ -$( &$#a !a '("rae%&r)-&)ra #e %e-re&ar'a, &e!5"$($, e&-. La% 4e(&a:a% *)e %e #er'4a( #e e%&e %'%&ema '(#'-a( )(a ma1$r r$#)-&'4'#a#, me($% #'%&ra--'$(e%, !a %e(%a-'( #e %er %) r$'$ :e"e 1 #e #'%$(er #e m6% &'em$ ara )($ m'%m$.
I.4.
BALANCE SOCIAL E! 2a!a(-e %$-'a! e% )( #$-)me(&$ *)e re%)me !$% r'(-'a!e% #a&$% *)e
erm'&e( are-'ar !a %'&)a-'( #e !a $rga('3a-'( e( e! &erre($ %$-'a!, reg'%&ra !$ *)e /a rea!'3a#$ 1 m'#e !$% -am2'$% $-)rr'#$% e( e! &ra(%-)r%$ #e! a9$ e( -)e%&'( 1 e( a9$% a(&er'$re%. E( ge(era!, e! 2a!a(-e %$-'a! '(-!)1e '("$rma-'( %$2re e! em!e$, !a rem)(era-'(, !a% $2!'ga-'$(e% %$-'a!e%, !a% -$(#'-'$(e% #e /'g'e(e 1 %eg)r'#a#, !a r$#)-&'4'#a# #e! er%$(a!, !a% #'%")(-'$(e% -$m$ !a r$&a-'(, e! a)%e(&'%m$ 1 !$% -$("!'-&$% !a2$ra!e%, !a% re!a-'$(e% !a2$ra!e%, e&-.
II.
EL FUTURO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS
II.1.
HUMANOS LA NECESIDAD DE CONTAR CON INDICADORES DEL DESEMPE5O Y DE LOS RESULTADOS.
Para *)e !a emre%a !!eg)e a! 5+'&$ #e2em$% #e e*)'!'2rar am2a% -$%a% &a(&$ e! #e%eme9$ -$m$ e! re%)!&a#$. P$r e!!$, !a !a('"'-a-'( #e! %'%&ema %e #e2e 2a%ar e( $2:e&'4$% -!ar$% 1 -$(-re&$% 1 *)e )e#a( %er4'r -$m$ 7
'(#'-a#$re% ara e4a!)ar !$% re%)!&a#$%. E%&$% $2:e&'4$% %er4'r6( #e -r'&er'$% ara me#'r 1 e4a!)ar %' &$#$% !$% r$-e%$% #e! %'%&ema %$( e"'-'e(&e% 1 e"'-a-e%.
CASO PRACTICO: SE5ALES DE ALERTA EN MONTE ALTO M$(&e A!&$, S.A. MA e% )(a emre%a #e -$m$(e(&e% e!e-&r('-$% ara -$m)&a#$ra% *)e &'e(e a!re#e#$r #e > > em!ea#$%. E( a9$% re-'e(&e%, -er-a #e > e:e-)&'4$% /a( a2a(#$(a#$ !a emre%a. A!g)($% #e e!!$% ara a2r'r )( (eg$-'$ r$'$. A#em6%, e! 0(#'-e #e r$&a-'( #e! er%$(a! &5-('-$ /a %'#$ #e! $r#e( #e a()a!, e! #$2!e #e !a% emre%a% #e %) m'%m$ ram$ #e a-&'4'#a#. L$% #'r'ge(&e% #e !a -$ma90a %a2e( *)e !$% %a!ar'$% 2a:$% r$4$-a( !a r$&a-'( 1 *)e e! #ear&ame(&$ #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% ($ -)e(&a -$( re-)r%$% %)"'-'e(&e% ara reme#'ar !a %'&)a-'(. L$% gere(&e% #e !0(ea %e *)e:a( #e *)e e! #ear&ame(&$ #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% %e $-)a m6% #e! ae!e$ *)e #e a1)#ar!e% a %$r&ear %)% r$2!ema% #'ar'$% 1 'er#e &'em$ e( e(&re(ar a !$% ()e4$% &ra2a:a#$re% *)e '(gre%a(, $r*)e !$% me:$re% ($ -e%a( #e 'r%e e( 2)%-a #e me:$re% em!e$% e( $&r$ !)gar.
II.2.
AUDITOR6A DE LA FUNCIÓN DE ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS
La a)#'&$r0a #e a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% e% )( a(6!'%'% %'%&em6&'-$ #e !a% $!0&'-a% 1 !a% r6-&'-a% #e er%$(a! 1 !a e4a!)a-'( #e %) ")(-'$(am'e(&$, &a(&$ ara -$rreg'r #e%4'a-'$(e% -$m$ ara %) me:$ra -$(&'()a. La a)#'&$r0a e% )( %'%&ema #e -$(&r$! 1 %e 2a%a e( #e&erm'(ar ar6me&r$% #e !a -a(&'#a#, !a -a!'#a#, e! &'em$ 1 e! -$%&$. E%&$% ar6me&r$% erm'&e( !a e4a!)a-'( 1 e! -$(&r$! e( ra3( #e !a -$mara-'( #e! #e%eme9$ -$( !$% re%)!&a#$% #e !$ *)e %e re&e(#e -$(&r$!ar. La a)#'&$r0a #e !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% #e2e -$(&ar -$( !a ar&'-'a-'( #e !a gere(-'a #e !a -7)!a ara gara(&'3ar !a e4a!)a-'( -r0&'-a #e &$#$% !$% a%e-&$% #e !a $rga('3a-'( 1 !a re4'%'( #e !a "'!$%$"0a ge(era! #e !a e4a!)a-'(.
8
II.3.
CRITERIOS DE VALUACIÓN DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS
Para *)e &$#a e4a!)a-'( %ea $2:e&'4a %e #e2e %)%&e(&ar e( -r'&er'$% e '(#'-a#$re% re4'ame(&e e%&a2!e-'#$%. Se )e#e e4a!)ar -a#a )($ #e !$% r$-e%$% $ r$grama% #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% $r %eara#$ $ e( %) &$&a!'#a#, -$m$ )( -$(:)(&$ )('"'-a#$. E%&$ %'g('"'-a *)e !a e4a!)a-'( #e !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% %e #e2e /a-er #e "$rma %'%&em6&'-a, &$ma(#$ e( -)e(&a &$#$ e! -$(:)(&$ #e r$-e%$% 1 r$grama%. La e4a!)a-'( #e2e &$mar e( -)e(&a !a% '("!)e(-'a% #e! e(&$r($, 1 &am2'5( !a% '(&er(a% #e !a $rga('3a-'(. L$% -r'&er'$% ara e4a!)ar !a e"'-a-'a #e !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% )e#e( %er %)2:e&'4$% ) $2:e&'4$%.
C(%#(&" "89#%(&" C(%#(&" &89#%(&" O'('( #e !$% gere(&e% #e !0(ea Gra#$ e( *)e !a e%&ra&eg'a #e a-er-a
#e
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&ra2a:a#$re% e( e! #ear&ame(&$ #e a!-a(3ar !$% $2:e&'4$%. re-)r%$% /)ma($%. E4a!)a-'( #e !a -a!'#a# #e !a T'em$ #e re%)e%&a ara a&e(#er '("$rma-'( 1 !a a%e%$r0a $"re-'#a a !a% %$!'-'&)#e%. !a gere(-'a #e !a -7)!a. Sa&'%"a--'( $ '(%a&'%"a--'( #e !$% E"'-a-'a, e% #e-'r, e! !$gr$ #e !a% -!'e(&e%,
gere(&e%
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II.,.
1 me&a%
r$)e%&a%
-$(
-r'&er'
%$$2:e&'4$%.
M;TODOS DE EVALUACIÓN DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS
A-6 ($ /a2!a *)e m5&$#$% )&'!'3ar ara e4a!)ar !$% #'%&'(&$% -r'&er'$% #e !$% re-)r%$% /)ma($%, La% $rga('3a-'$(e% e+'&$%a% )&'!'3a( &5-('-a% -$(&a2!e% 1 e%&a#0%&'-a% 1 rea!'3a( '(4e%&'ga-'$(e% '(&er(a% 1 e+&er(a% er'#'-ame(&e
9
ara %a2er -m$ 4a e! #e%eme9$ #e !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($%. U(a #e !a% &5-('-a% m6% )&'!'3a#a% e% e! 2e(-/mar8'(g. E! a%$ '('-'a! ara e4a!)ar !a e"'-a-'a #e !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% e% #e"'('r -)6!e% me#'#a% $ -r'&er'$% #e e"'-a-'a %e a!'-ar6(. L$% -r'&er'$% #e e4a!)a-'( %e agr)a( #e !a ma(era %'g)'e(&e=
M#$($!" $#/ $#"##<&:
D#"##<& /&8!/: -$m$ -$%&$% !a2$ra!e% )('&ar'$% $r )('#a# #e
re%)!&a#$%. C&"%&" = $#"##<&: -$m$ -$%&$ #e !$% r$grama% #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% $r ")(-'$(ar'$.
M#$($!" $#/ !*&/!(#)%&:
A$#*!*(+) ! /&" #>("(%&" /#!/#": -$m$ %a!ar'$ m0('m$, rem)(era-'( #e !$% &ra2a:a#$re%, r$grama% #e /'g'e(e 1 %eg)r'#a# !a2$ra!e%.
M#$($!" $# /! "!%("'!**(+) $# /&" %!8!9!$&#":
S!%("'!**(+) $# /&" %!8!9!$&#" *&) /!" !*%(($!$#" $# #*"&" ?!)&"
*&&:
r$grama%
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a#m'('%&ra-'( #e !a% re%&a-'$(e% 1 !$% r$grama% #e #e%arr$!!$ #e -arrera%, $r me#'$ #e %$(#e$% #e $'('(.
M#$($!" ()$(#*%!" $#/ $#"##<& $# /&" %!8!9!$&#":
R&%!*(+) $#/ #"&)!/: (#'-e #e r$&a-'( #e! er%$(a! $r
#ear&ame(&$ 1 $r &'em$ me(%)a! 1 a()a!. A"#)%("& $# #"&)!/: 0(#'-e #e a)%e(-'a% 4$!)(&ar'a% #e! er%$(a! $r #ear&ame(&$ 1 $r &'em$ me(%)a! 1 a()a!.
EVALUACIÓN DE LOS LOGROS DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS:
Re#)-'r e( @ a! a9$ e! 0(#'-e #e r$&a-'(. Re#)-'r e( ? a! a9$ e! 0(#'-e #e a)%e(&'%m$. A)me(&ar B e! 0(#'-e #e %a&'%"a--'( e( -$mara-'( -$( !$% re%)!&a#$% #e! %$(#e$ #e $'('( $ #e! -!'ma $rga('3a-'$(a! #e! a9$ a(&er'$r. 10
II..
INVESTIGACIONES INTERNAS DE EVALUACIÓN
A! /a2!ar #e !a% '(4e%&'ga-'$(e% '(&er(a% /a2!am$% #e !$ *)e %)-e#e #e(&r$ #e )(a $rga('3a-'( a!g$ -$("'#e(-'a!. Perm'&e re)('r #a&$% e '("$rma-'(, $'('$(e% 1 a-&'&)#e% #e !a% er%$(a% '(4$!)-ra#a% $r me#'$ #e &5-('-a% #e -)e%&'$(ar'$% ara $2&e(er '("$rma-'( 1 &a2)!ar !$% re%)!&a#$%.
II.4.
INVESTIGACIONES E@TERNAS DE EVALUACIÓN
La e4a!)a-'( #e !$% r$-e%$% 1 !$% r$grama% #e !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% &am2'5( )e#e '(4$!)-rar )(a -$mara-'( e+&er(a -$( a*)e!!$ *)e /a-e( $&ra% $rga('3a-'$(e% e+-e!e(&e%, %ea( $ ($ #e! m'%m$ ram$ #e a-&'4'#a#.
B#)#'(*(&" $# /! #!/!*(+) $# /! ')*(+) $# #*"&" ?!)&": P&(*(! ># /&" ##)%#" #!()#) %&$& #/ "("%#! $# /! !$()("%!*(+) $# #*"&" ?!)&" = C)a(#$ e! ('4e! gere(-'a! #e !a $rga('3a-'( 4'%)a!'3a 1 #a %eg)'m'e(&$ a !$% r$grama% 1 !a% r6-&'-a% #e !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% e( %) &$&a!'#a#, e% m6% "6-'! !$-a!'3ar r$2!ema% 1 #e"'('r %$!)-'$(e%. C&/&*! !/ $#!%!#)%& $# #*"&" ?!)&" #) #"#*%(!
*&& #"%!$& $# "#(*(&" *&)"/%& ()%#)& = !"&*(!$& $#/ )#&*(&: E( !)gar #e a-&)ar a'%!a#ame(&e, e! rga($ #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% #e2e ")(-'$(ar -$m$ ")e(&e #e $r'e(&a-'( 1 a$1$ ara
!$% gere(&e% #e !0(ea. P&&*(&)! ) #"%/& !! #/ *!8(&: La e4a!)a-'( #e !a ")(-'( #e! a#m'('%&ra#$r erm'&e *)e !a $rga('3a-'( -$mare !$% ('4e!e% #e #e%eme9$ -$( !$% ('4e!e% #e%ea#$% 1 *)e &$me me#'#a%
-$rre-&'4a% %' /)2'era a!g)(a #'%-rea(-'a '(#e%ea2!e. P&&*(&)! "&&%# ! /&" #"'#&" $# *!/($!$ %&%!/ $# /!
&!)(!*(+): M)-/a% $rga('3a-'$(e% -rea( )(a -)!&)ra e("$-a#a e( !a -a!'#a#. C$m$ !$% r$grama% #e -a!'#a# &$&a! ar&e( #e !a 2a%e #e re-a)#ar 1 a(a!'3ar #a&$%, !a e4a!)a-'( #e! a#m'('%&ra#$r #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% )e#e r$$r-'$(ar #a&$% (e-e%ar'$% ara e4a!)ar !a% me:$ra% !$gra#a%. La a)&$e4a!)a-'( %)e!e "$rmar ar&e '(&egra! #e! r$-e%$ #e me:$ra #e !a -a!'#a#, -$( '(#'-a#$re% %$2re e! 11
$&e(-'a! #e !$% &ra2a:a#$re%, !a ra'#e3 1 e+a-&'&)# #e! %'%&ema #e '("$rma-'( 1 !$% '("$rme% #e a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($%, !a -a!'#a# #e !a -aa-'&a-'(, !a '#$(e'#a# #e !a rem)(era-'(, e&-.
II.7.
LAS PERSONAS COMO INGRESOS Y NO COMO COSTOS
T$#a e4a!)a-'( #e !a ")(-'( #e a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% -$rre )( %er'$ r'e%g$ #e #'%&$r%'$(ar !$% re%)!&a#$% 1 !a% -$(-!)%'$(e%. E( !e(a era #e! -$($-'m'e(&$, -)a(#$ e! -a'&a! /)ma($ 1 e! -a'&a! '(&e!e-&)a! -$(%&'&)1e( !a ()e4a m$(e#a #e !$% (eg$-'$% m)(#'a!e%, !a% er%$(a% %e #e2e( 4'%)a!'3ar #e ma(era #'"ere(&e *)e e( e! e("$*)e &ra#'-'$(a! #e !a% a(&'g)a% a)#'&$r0a% #e !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e RH.
E"%*%! ()%#)!: I(-!)1e mar-a%, a&e(&e%, m$#e!$% 1 %'%&ema% a#m'('%&ra&'4$% 1 #e -$m)&a#$ra%, &$#$% -rea#$% $r !$% -$!a2$ra#$re% 1 *)e er&e(e-e( a !a $rga('3a-'( $ )e#e( %er -$mra#$% $ a!*)'!a#$%. La -)!&)ra $rga('3a-'$(a! "$rma ar&e #e !a e%&r)-&)ra '(&er(a. E"%*%! #%#)!: Im!'-a re!a-'$(e% -$( !$% -!'e(&e% 1 r$4ee#$re%, a%0 -$m$ -$( $&ra% $rga('3a-'$(e%. E%&e -$(-e&$ '(-!)1e !a re)&a-'( 1 !a 'mage( #e !a $rga('3a-'(.
II..
RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES
A-6 ($% /a2!a *)e /$1 e( #0a !a% #'%&'(&a% $rga('3a-'$(e% #e !$% a0%e% #e%arr$!!a#$% %$( a*)e!!$% *)e -$(&ra&a( :4e(e% ara &ra2a:ar e( r$1e-&$% %$-'a!e% #6(#$!e% &ra2a:$ &am2'5( !a% gra(#e% mar-a% -$m$ e% N'8e 1 e%$ #e2em$% &e(er e( -)e(&a ()e%&r$ a0% ara *)e #e e%a ma(era 'r #e%arr$!!6(#$%e e( e! 6m2'&$ %$-'a!.
II..
EL PAPEL ACTUAL DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS
La a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% #e2e a-&)ar e( -)a&r$ ae!e% #'%&'(&$% ara &e(er 5+'&$, a %a2er=
12
C&#%#)*(! #) *!(%!/ ?!)&: De2e %a2er -)'#ar 1 a%e%$rar a !$% gere(&e% e( !$% #'%&'(&$% r$-e%$% #e ARH %)mar, -$!$-ar, re-$me(%ar, #e%arr$!!ar, re&e(er 1 %)er4'%ar a !a% er%$(a% a! m'%m$ &'em$ *)e &ra(%"$rma a !a% er%$(a% e( &a!e(&$% /)ma($% 1 a 5%&$% e( -a'&a! /)ma($. C#$(8(/($!$: De2e -$(&ar -$( !a -re#'2'!'#a# #e &$#$% %)% -!'e(&e% '(&er($% 1 e+&er($%. E! re%'#e(&e, !$% #' re-&$re%, !$% gere(&e%, !$% e:e-)&'4$% 1 !$% -$!a2$ra#$ re% #e2e( -$("'ar 1 -reer e( !$% r$%'&$% 1 !a e"'-a-'a #e !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($%, er$
r'(-'a!me(&e !$% -$!a2$ra#$re%. C&#%#)*(! #) *!8(&": a-6 e% m)1 'm$r&a(&e !a -rea&'4'#a# 1 !a '(($4a-'( #e(&r$ #e !a $rga('3a-'(, #e%arr$!!a(#$ !a% -$me&e(-'a% '(#'4'#)a!e%, a#m'('%&ra&'4a%, ")(-'$(a!e% 1 $rga('3a-'$(a!e% (e-e%ar'a%
ara e!!$. C&#%#)*(! !! /&" )#&*(&": De2e e("$-ar%e e( %)% -!'e(&e%, %)% (e-e%'#a#e% 1 a%'ra-'$(e% 1 #e2e %er a%$-'a#a e( %)% r$%'&$% 1 $2:e&'4$%, %$2re &$#$ e( !$ *)e re%e-&a a !$% (eg$-'$% #e !a $rga('3a-'(.
II.10. HACIA DÓNDE SE DIRIGE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS Seg7( r'a( S$mmer &'e(e *)e e+'%&'r )( 2)e( re-!)&am'e(&$ #e #e er%$(a!, &am2'5( ($% #'-e *)e %er6( 6rea% e*)e9a% 1 %) &ra2a:$ e%&ar6 -$(#'-'$(a#$ $r e! )%$ #e ()e4a% &e-($!$g0a% 1 $r )(a ma1$r ar&'-'a-'( #e em!ea#$% e( e! #'%e9$ #e ()e4$% r$-e%$%. /$1 !a% $rga('3a-'$(e% e%&6( re$-)a#a% $r ma(&e(er 1 #e%arr$!!ar &a( %!$ 1 e+-!)%'4ame(&e a*)e!!$% a%e-&$% *)e -$(&r'2)1e( #e "$rma #'re-&a 1 $%'&'4a a %) (eg$-'$ 1 a! 5+'&$ #e %)% $era-'$(e%.
II.11. LAS MACRO TENDENCIAS DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS La% r'(-'a!e% ma-r$&e(#e(-'a% *)e %e reg'%&ra( e( !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% %$(= 13
U)! )#! '(/&"&'! $# !**(+): E! ($m2re #e a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% #e2e #e%aare-er 1 -e#er %) !)gar a )( ()e4$ 1 re-'e(&e e("$*)e= !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e -a'&a! /)ma($. Para %er m6% re-'%$%, !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e -a'&a! /)ma($ e% -a#a 4e3 m6% )(a re%$(%a2'!'#a# #e !a gere(-'a #e !0(ea. C$( e%&e e("$*)e %e -$(%'#era a !a% er%$(a% -$m$ %ere% /)ma($% 1 ($ -$m$ %'m!e%
re-)r%$% emre%ar'a!e%. T!)"'&!*(+) $# ) #! $# "#(*(&" #) ) #! $#
*&)"/%&!
()%#)!:
La
e%&r)-&)ra
#ear&ame(&a!
#e
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a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% -e#e %) !)gar a )('#a#e% e%&ra&5g'-a% #'r'g'#a% a r$-e%$% 1 e("$-a#a% e( !$% -!'e(&e% 1 !$%
)%)ar'$% '(&er($%. U)! ()%#)"! ()*/!*(+) *&) #/ )#&*(& $# /! ##"!: La a#m'('%&ra-'( #e -a'&a! /)ma($ a/$ra e%&6 !'ga#a a !a !a('"'-a-'( e%&ra&5g'-a #e !a emre%a 1 #e%arr$!!a(#$ me#'$% ara *)e !a% er%$(a% )e#a( a4a(3ar #e "$rma r$a-&'4a /a-'a !$% $2:e&'4$% #e !a $rga('3a-'(. H()*!(J #) )! */%! !%(*(!%(! = $#&*%(*! #) /!"
&!)(!*(&)#": La ar&'-'a-'( #e !a% er%$(a% e( !$% r$-e%$% #e !a &$ma #e #e-'%'$(e%, !a -$(%)!&a -$(&'()a, !a% $$r&)('#a#e% #e #'6!$g$, !a% -$m)('-a-'$(e% #'re-&a%, !$% r$grama% #e %)gere(-'a%, !a )&'!'3a-'( #e -$(4e(-'$(e% 1 -$(mem$ra-'$(e%, !a !'2er&a# ara e%-$ger !a% &area% 1 !$% m5&$#$% ara e:e-)&ar!a%, !$% &ra2a:$% e( gr)$ 1 e( e*)'$, !a% $-'$(e% #e /$rar'$% #e &ra2a:$, !$% !a(e% #e %)gere(-'a%. L! %(/(!*(+) $# #*!)("&" $# &%(!*(+) = $# #!/(!*(+)
#"&)!/: L$% &ra2a:a#$re% 1 !$% gere(&e% !e4a(&a( )( '(4e(&ar'$ #e !a% (e-e%'#a#e% #e -aa-'&a-'( -$( 2a%e e( !a% -are(-'a% 1 !a% (e-e%'#a#e% #e !$% (eg$-'$% 1 #e !$% &ra2a:a#$re%. <%&$% a#*)'ere( -$(-'e(-'a #e !a 'm$r&a(-'a #e %) a)&$#e%arr$!!$ 1, -$m$ re")er3$, %e )&'!'3a( r6-&'-a% #e a#m'('%&ra-'( ar&'-'a&'4a $r $2:e&'4$%, -$( !a% -)a!e% e! gere(&e 1 e! %)2$r#'(a#$ &ra3a( e( -$(:)(&$ !a% me&a% 1 !$% $2:e&'4$% $r a!-a(3ar, a! m'%m$ &'em$ *)e %e )&'!'3a !a rem)(era-'( 4ar'a2!e #e m$#$ *)e a2ar*)e 2$($% 1 )(a ar&'-'a-'( #e !$% re%)!&a#$% a!-a(3a#$%. 14
U)! #&*!*(+) & #!! ! /! ##"! = ! /!" #"&)!" !! #/ '%&: La a#m'('%&ra-'( #e -a'&a! /)ma($ e%&6 '(4$!)-ra#a e( rearar -$(&'()ame(&e a !a emre%a ara !a $rga('3a-'( #e! ")&)r$ 1 e( rearar a !a% er%$(a% ara )( ")&)r$ *)e !!egar6 -$( -er&e3a, %' e% *)e ($ /a !!ega#$ 1a. E( !a% $rga('3a-'$(e% m6% a4a(3a#a%.
C&)*/"(&)#"
15
C$(-!)'m$% #'-'e(#$ *)e e% m)1 'm$r&a(&e !a a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% ara 4er #e *)5 ma(era e4a!)am$% a%$ a a%$ 1
*)e ()e%&ra emre%a %)r:a -a#a #0a m6% . La a#m'('%&ra-'( #e re-)r%$% /)ma($% 2)%-a -$me(e&rar e! re-)r%$ /)ma($ -$( e! r$-e%$ r$#)-&'4$ #e !a emre%a, /a-'e(#$ *)e e%&e 7!&'m$ %ea m6% e"'-a3 -$m$ re%)!&a#$ #e #e !a %e!e--'( 1 -$(&ra&a-'(
#e !$% me:$re% &a!e(&$% #'%$('2!e%. )e e% 'm$r&a(&e &ra2a:ar -$(:)(&ame(&e %'e(#$ )(a %$!a, -a#a )(a #e2e &e(er %) e%a-'$ 1a *)e %)% ")(-'$(e% 4ar0a(.
16
