Where are you from?
I'm from...
Var bor du? Where do you live?
Jag bor i... I live in...
Hur gammal är du? How old are you?
Jag är ___ år (gammal) . I am ____ years old.
Talar du svenska? Do you speak Swedish?
Jag talar engelska. I speak English.
danska, norska, franska, italienska, spanska, tyska, holländska, ryska, japanska Danish, Norwegian, French, Italian, Spanish, German, Dutch, Russian, Japanese Ja, lite grann. Yes, a little bit.
Nej, inte alls. No, not at all.
Jag förstår [inte.] I [don't] understand.
Jag vet [inte.] I [don't] know.
Ursäkta / Förlåt Excuse me / Pardon me
Ha det så bra! Take care!
Vi ses senare / snart See you later / soon
Hej / Hej då Hi / Bye
Jag älskar dig. I love you.
Jag saknar dig. I miss you.
2. Pronunciation
Swedish Swedish letter( letter(s) s) ch ck g g g gj k q sch ti(on) tj v, w
Englis English h sound sound sh k g before a, o, u, å, or unstressed e j before e, i, y, ä, ö and after l or r k before t j soft ch sound, before e, i, y, ä, ö k sh sh soft ch sound v
x z
ks s
3. Alphabet
a
ah
k
kaw
u ooh
b
bay
l
el
v
vay
c
say
m em
x
eks
d
day
n
en
y
ew
e
ay
o
oh
z
say-tah
f
ef
p
pay
å
aw (with lips rounded)
g
gay
q
koo
ä
eh (as in bed)
h
haw
r
air
ö
er (with lips rounded)
i
ee
s
ess
j
yee
t
tay
4. Nouns & Cases Nouns in Swedish have two genders, common and neuter, which adjectives must agree with when modifying nouns. These genders are signified by the indefinite articles: en and ett. In the vocabulary lists, a noun followed by (n) means that it is a neuter noun and it takes the indefinite article ett. The majority of nouns in Swedish are common gender, so they take the indefinite article en. The only case of nouns that is used in Swedish is the genitive (showing possession), and it is easily formed by adding an -s to the noun. This is comparable to adding -'s in English to show possession. However, if the noun already ends in -s, then you add nothing (unlike English where we add -' or -'s). Anders bok = Anders's book 5. Articles & Demonstratives There are two indefinite articles (corresponding to a and an) in Swedish: en and ett. En is used with most of the nouns (words denoting people almost always use en), but you will just have to learn which article goes with which noun. The definite article (the) is not a separate word like in most other languages. It is simply a form of the indefinite article attached to the end of the noun. Note that en words ending in a vowel retain that vowel and add an -n instead of adding -en. And ett words ending in -e just add a -t.
En words (common)
Ett words (neuter)
Indefinite
Definite
Indefinite
en banan
a banana bananen the banana
en stol
a chair stolen
en gata a street gatan
ett bord
a table bordet the table
the chair ett kök the street
Definite
ett äpple
a köket the kitchen kitchen an apple äpplet the apple
This, that, these and those are expressed in Swedish by using den, det or de plus the
word här (here) and där (there). The noun is always in the definite form after these demonstratives. And if any adjectives follow the demonstrative, they must add an -a to the ending.
this / these that / those
with with en word wordss den här biljetten this ticket den där biljetten that ticket
with with ett ett word wordss det här tåget this train det där tåget that train
with with plur plural al word wordss de här biljetterna these tickets de där tågen - those trains
6. Subject & Object Pronouns
Subject & Object Pronouns jag
yah
I
mig (mej)
meh
me
du
doo
you (singular)
dig (dej)
deh
you
han
hahn
he
honom
ho-nohm
him
hon
hohn
she
henne
heh-neh
her
den
den
it (with en words)
den
den
it
det
deh
it (with ett words)
det
deh
it
man
mahn
one
en
en
one
vi
vee
we
oss
ohss
us
ni
nee
you (plural)
er
ehr
you
de (dom)
dahm
they
dem (dom)
dahm
them
Man can be translated as one, we, they or the people in general. When referring to nouns as it , you use den for en nouns, and det for ett nouns. Formerly, du was the informal you and ni was the formal, but these distinctions are rarely used anymore. The forms in parentheses are the informal ways of spelling these words, which is closer to the actual pronunciation.
7. To Be & to Have The present and past tenses of verbs in Swedish are very simple to conjugate. All the forms are the same for each personal pronoun. The infinitive of the verb to be in Swedish is vara, and the conjugated present tense form is är and the past tense is var. The infinitive of the verb to have is ha, and the conjugated present tense form is har and the past tense is hade.
vara - to be jag är I was I am you are du är you were han är he was he is she is hon är she was den är it was it is det är it was it is
ha - to have jag var I have jag har I had jag hade du var you have du har you had du hade han var he has han har he had han hade hon var she has hon har she had hon hade den var it has den har it had den hade det var it has det har it had det hade man man one is man är one was one has one had man hade var har we are vi är we were vi var we have vi har we had vi hade you are ni är you were ni var you have ni har you had ni hade they they de har de hade they are de är they were de var have had To form the future tense of verbs, just add ska before the infinitive. Jag ska vara = I will be; hon ska ha = she will have; etc. 8. Useful Words sometimes ibland alltid always aldrig never often
ofta
usually now
oftast nu
and
och
but or
men eller mycket / väldigt här där med
very here there with
already redan perhaps kanske båda both någon, något, some några igen, åter again between mellan a lot, många many of course naturligtvis litegrann a little not at all inte alls almost really? it is
nästan verkligen det är
each other varandra
there is/are
det finns
9. Question Words
vem vad varför när var
Who What Why When Where
Whose Which Where to Where from How
vems vilken, vilket, vilka vart varifrån hur
Which has three different forms depending on the gender and number of the noun that
follows it. Vilken is used with en words, vilket is used with ett words and vilka is used with plural words. 10. Cardinal & Ordinal Numbers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
noll en, ett två tre fyra fem sex sju åtta nio tio elva tolv tretton fjorton femton sexton sjutton arton nitton tjugo
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th
första andra tredje fjärde femte sjätte sjunde åttonde nionde tionde elfte tolfte trettonde fjortonde femtonde sextonde sjuttonde artonde nittonde tjugonde
tjugoen, tjugoett tjugotvå 22 trettio 30 fyrtio 40 femtio 50 sextio 60 sjuttio 70 åttio 80 nittio 90 hundra 100 1,000 tusen million en miljon billion en miljard trillion en biljon 21
21st
tjugoförsta
22nd 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th 1,000th
tjugoandra trettionde fyrtionde femtionde sextionde sjuttionde åttionde nittionde hundrade tusende
11. Days of the Week / Veckans dagar Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday day morning afternoon evening night today tomorrow day after tomorrow tonight yesterday day before yesterday last night week weekend
måndag tisdag onsdag torsdag fredag lördag söndag dag morgon eftermiddag afton (before 6 pm) / kväll natt idag imorgon i övermorgon ikväll igår i förrgår igår natt vecka helg
daglig veckolig
daily weekly
To say "on" a certain day, use på before the day. 12. Months of the Year / Årets mAnader January February March April May June July August September October November December month year monthly yearly
januari februari mars april maj juni juli augusti september oktober november december månad år månatlig or var/varje månad årlig
To say "in" a certain month, use i before the month. 13. Seasons Winter Spring Summer Fall
vinter vår sommar höst
in (the) winter in (the) spring in (the) summer in (the) fall
på vintern på våren på sommaren på hösten
You can also use i before the names of the months to express this: i vinter = this winter 14. Directions North South East
norr söder öster
Northeast Northwest Southeast
nordost nordväst sydost
West
väster
Southwest
sydväst
15. Colors orange pink purple blue yellow red black brown gray white green
orange, orangea rosa / skär, skärt, skära lila blå, blått, blåa gul, gult, gula röd, rött, röda svart, svart, svarta brun, brunt, bruna grå, grått, gråa vit, vitt, vita grön, grönt, gröna
Since colors are adjectives, most of them decline according to which noun they describe. The first word is used with en words, the second with ett words and the third with plural words. Some words remain the same for all three. 16. Time / Tid What time is it? (It is) 2 AM 2 PM 6:20 half past 3 quarter past 4 quarter to 5 10 past 11 20 to 7 noon midnight in the morning in the evening It's exactly... About/around 8. At 8. early
Vad är klockan? Klockan är två på natten 14.00 (but said as två) tjugo över sex halv fyra kvart över fyra kvart i fem tio över elva tjugo i sju mitt på dagen midnatt på morgonen på kvällen den är precis omkring åtta klockan åtta tidigt
late(r)
sent (senare)
17. Weather / VAder How's the weather today? It's cold beautiful hot clear icy warm windy cloudy hazy muggy humid foggy It's snowing It's raining It's freezing
Vad är det för väder idag? det är kallt vackert / fint jättevarmt klart isigt varmt blåsigt molnigt disigt rått fuktigt dimmigt det snöar det regnar det är kallt/kyligt
18. Family / Familj Parents Mother Father Son Daughter Brother Sister Grandfather Grandmother Grandson Granddaughter Niece Nephew Cousin Uncle Aunt
föräldrar mamma / mor / moder pappa / far / fader son dotter bror syster farfar (father's father) / morfar (mother's father) farmor (father's mother) / mormor (mother's mother) sonson (son's son) / dotterson (daughter's son) sondotter (son's daughter) / dotterdotter (daughter's daughter) brorsdotter (brother's daughter) / systerdotter (sister's daughter) brorson (brother's son) / systerson (sister's son) kusin farbror (father's brother) / morbror (mother's brother) faster (father's sister) / moster (mother's sister)
Boy Girl Child / Baby Adult Man Woman Friend (m) Friend (f)
pojke flicka barn / baby / bebis / spädbarn vuxen (n) man kvinna vän väninna
19. To Know People & Facts
känna - to know veta - to people know facts present känner vet past kände visste future ska känna ska veta 20. Formation of Plural Nouns An en word takes one of the following endings when it is pluralized: or, ar, er. An ett word takes an n or no ending at all. Indefinite Plural drop -a and add a watch - (some) en klocka - klockor -or watches drop -e and add en pojke - pojkar a boy - (some) boys En words that end in -e -ar en kamrat En words with stress on last a friend - (some) add -er kamrater vowel friends a place - (some) ett ställe - ställen Ett words that end in a vowel add -n places Ett words that end in a a room - (some) no ending ett rum - rum consonant rooms En words that end in -a
To form the definite plural, you must first form the indefinite plural and then add these endings to that word.
klockor klockorna ställen Indef. Plural Ett words that end in a add -a ställena vowel rum - rumme rummen n Indef. Plural Ett words that end in a add -en rum Indef. Plural En words
add -na
(some) watches - the watches (some) places - the places (some) rooms - the rooms
consonant There are some nouns that change their vowel in the plural. These nouns usually take the -er ending when forming the indefinite plural.
en natt - nätter en stad - städer en hand - händer en tand - tänder en strand stränder en rand - ränder ett land - länder
a night - nights a town - towns a hand - hands a tooth - teeth
en bonde - bönder en ledamot - ledamöter en fot - fötter en rot - rötter
a farmer - farmers a member - members a foot - feet a root - roots
a beach - beaches
en bok - böcker
a book - books
a stripe - stripes a country countries
en man - män
a man - men
mannen - männen
the man - the men
21. Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns with en words
min my / mine your / yours din his / her / its / sin their hans his / his hennes her / hers dess its / its vår our / ours your / yours er their / theirs deras
with ett words
with plural words
mitt ditt
mina dina
sitt
sina
hans hennes dess vårt er t deras
hans hennes dess våra er a deras
The same forms are used for possessive adjectives that are used directly before nouns and for possessive pronouns that replace a noun. For example, this is my car and this is mine would be translated as det här är min bil and det här är min.
Sin, sitt and sina can only be used when the third person possessive adjective refers to the subject of the same clause. These words can be translated as his, her, its or their. Generally, if you cannot insert "own" after the possessive adjective in English, you cannot use sin/sitt/sina. Per besöker sin mamma. = Per visits his (own) mother. (Sin refers back to Per.) Eva ringer hans mamma. = Eva calls his mother. (Hans refers to Per, not Eva.)
22. To Do/Make & To Become
göra - to do/make present gör past gjorde future ska göra
bli - to become blir blev ska bli
23. Work and School actor actress
skådespelare skådespelerska
judge lawyer
author
författare
mechanic
bagare baker baker's shop bageri bookseller bokhandlare bokaffär
bookshop
businessman affärsman slaktare butcher pharmacist farmaceut pharmacy apotek (n) kock, kokerska cook customer kund tandläkare dentist läkare, doktor doctor anställd, employee arbetstagare
domare advokat mekaniker, montör musiker sjuksköterska ämbetsman
musician nurse official optician (eye optiker doctor) målare painter photographer fotograf policeman polis brevbärare postman präst priest förläggare publisher vetenskapsman scientist shoemaker skomakare shop, store
engineer
ingenjör
fisherman gardener hairdresser jeweler journalist
fiskare student trädgårdsmästare surgeon hårfrisör tailor juvelerare teacher journalist workman
singer
butik sångare, sångerska student kirurg skräddare lärare arbetare
24. Prepositions
vid i på
by, at, next av to bakom in bland on, in, at
of, by, with behind among
at the house bredvid beside of till efter to after, for according från from enligt to genom through, by framför in front of for, by, längs along för with över across, over omkring around mot towards, to med with, by under, mellan between under below around, om utan without about, in sedan since utom except for towards, trots in spite of åt for
hos
Vid is used to express a position next to something, but with no contact. I is used to express a position in something that is seen to have volume (room, containers, etc.); and it is also used with countries, cities, villages, etc. På is used to express a position on something that is seen as a line or surface with contact; and it is also used with islands, addresses, and particular places, such as bank, post office, cinema, hospital, library, etc. Three exceptions to using på with particular places include school, the shop and church: i skolan, i affären, i kyrkan. 25. Countries & Nationalities Africa / African America / American Argentina / Argentinan Asia / Asian Australia / Australian Austria / Austrian Belgium / Belgian Brazil / Brazilian
Country
Noun
Adjective
Afrika
afrikan
afrikansk
Amerika
amerikan
amerikansk
Argentina
argentinare
argentinsk
Asien
asiat
asiatisk
Austr stralien
austra stralliensa ensarre
aust austrrali aliensk nsk
Österrike
österrikare
österrikisk
Belgien
belgare
belgisk
Brasilien
brasilianare
brasiliansk
Canada / Kanada Canadian China / Chinese Kina Denmark / Dane Danmark Egypt / Egyptian Egypten England / England English Europe / Europa European Finland / Finland Finnish France / French Frankrike Germany / Tyskland German Great Britain / Storbritannien British Greece / Greek Grekland Netherlands / Holland Dutch Hungary / Ungern Hungarian Ireland / Irish Irland Italien Italy / Italian Japan / Japanese Japan Norway / Norge Norwegian Poland / Polish Polen Portugal / Portugal Portuguese Russia / Russian Ryssland Scotland / Skottland Scottish Spain / Spanish Spanien Sweden / Sverige Swedish Switzerland / Schweiz Swiss Turkey / Turkish Turkiet United States U.S.A.
kanadensare
kanadensisk
kines dansk egyptier
kinesisk dansk egyptisk
engelsman
engelsk
europé
europeisk
finländare / finne
finsk
fransman
fransk
tysk
tysk
britt
brittisk
grek
grekisk
holländare
holländsk
ungrare
ungersk
irländare italienare japan
irländsk italiensk japansk
norrman
norsk
polack
polsk
portugis
portugisisk
ryss
rysk
skotte
skotsk
spanjor
spansk
svensk
svensk
schweizare
schweizisk
turk amerikan
turkisk
For languages, you generally add -a to the adjective: svenska is Swedish and engelska is English, etc.
26. Negative Sentences To make a sentence negative in Swedish, simply add inte after the verb. If there is an auxiliary verb and a main verb, inte goes between the two. In addition, if you answer "yes" to a negative question, you must use jo instead of ja. 27. Short Answers A yes/no question can be answered with a short phrase, just as in English. The verb göra (to do/make) is used with the pronoun det and the subject of the question. Some verbs are not replaced by göra and are repeated in the short answer, such as vara and ha. This is very similar to English, except for the word order. Positive Short Answer: Ja + det + Verb + Subject Negative Short Answer: Nej + det + Verb + Subject + inte
Arbetar hon här? Does she work here? Ja, det gör hon. Yes, she does. Nej, det gör hon inte. No, she doesn't. Är de glada? Are they happy? Ja, det är de. Yes, they are. Nej, det är de inte. No, they are not. 28. To Come & To Go
komma - to come present kommer past kom future ska komma
gå - to go går gick ska gå
29. Common Auxiliary Verbs
kunna - to be able to, can present kan past kunde
vilja - to want to vill ville
få - to be allowed to får fick
--- have to, must måste - --
Just as in English, there is no past form of must / måste. You can either use var tvungen or behövde instead, as in jag var tvungen att ... = I had to...
skola -
böra- should,
bruka - usually, behöva - need
supposed to, will, should present ska past skulle
ought to
used to
to
bör borde
brukar brukade
behöver behövde
Vi kan tala engelska. We can speak English. Han kunde inte spela. He could not play. Sven vill sova. Sven wants to sleep. Hon vill ha kaffe. She wants coffee. (When vilja is followed by a noun, ha is added before the noun.) Du får röka. You may smoke. De måste gå hem nu. They must go home now. Du får inte röka. You must not smoke. (Must not is translated with får inte rather than måste inte, which means don't have to.) Jag brukar dricka kaffe efter lunch. I usually drink coffee after lunch. (Brukar in the present tense means usually + main verb.) 30. Conjugating Regular Verbs (Present and Past Tenses) Infinitives in Swedish end in -a. When conjugating verbs, the same form is used for all subject pronouns, whether singular or plural. To form the present tense of verbs, either add -r to the infinitive or remove the -a and add -er.
tala - to speak (-ar verb) & stänga - to close (-er verb) Present Tense
jag talar du talar han talar hon talar vi talar ni talar de talar
I speak you speak he speaks she speaks we speak you speak they speak
Past Tense
jag talade du talade han talade hon talade vi talade ni talade de talade
I spoke you spoke he spoke she spoke we spoke you spoke they spoke
Present Tense
jag stänger du stänger han stänger hon stänger vi stänger ni stänger de stänger
Past Tense
jag stängde du you close stängde han he closes stängde hon she closes stängde vi we close stängde ni you close stängde de they close stängde
I close
I closed you closed he closed she closed we closed you closed they closed
Please note the three present tenses in English (simple, progressive and emphatic) are all translated by one verb form in Swedish. Jag talar can mean I speak, I am speaking or I do speak.
Four Past Tense Conjugations To form the past tense, most verbs add -de to the present tense form of -ar verbs and to the stem of -er verbs (infinitive minus -a). But if the stem ends in a voiceless consonant (k, p, t, or s), then add -te instead. Another group of verbs, short verbs ending in a vowel, add -dde to form the past tense. (See 34. Irregular Verbs below for a longer list as many of these verbs have irregular forms in other tenses.) Infinitive
arbeta Infinitive of -ar fråga verbs; add -de öppna tala ringa stänga Stem of -er verbs; add -de följa bygga tänka Stem ends in k, röka p, t, or s; add -te läsa köpa Infinitive ends in tro long vowel; add bo -dde
Present
to work to ask to open to speak to ring to close to follow to build to think to smoke to read to buy to believe to live, dwell
Past
arbeta arbetarr fråg frågar ar öppnar öppnar talar ring ringer er stäng stänger er följer bygg bygger er tänk tänker er röker läser köper tror
arbe arbetad tadee fråga rågade de öppn öppnade ade talade ring ringde de stäng stängde de följde bygg byggde de tänk tänkte te rökte läste köpte trodde
bor
bodde
31. Reflexive Verbs Some verbs in Swedish are reflexive verbs, in that the action by the subject is performed by itself. This is comparable to the -self or -selves pronouns used in English with some verbs, such as he behaves himself . Most of the time, verbs that are reflexive in Swedish are not reflexive in English. To conjugate these verbs, simply add these pronouns after the verb:
mig myself (mej) dig (dej) yourself
oss
er sig sig (sej) himself/herself/itself (sej)
ourselves yourselves theirselves
The forms in parentheses are used in colloquial (spoken and written) Swedish. In fact, mig, dig and sig are pronounced as if they were written mej, dej and sej. 32. Commands Verbs that end in -ar in the present tense simply remove the -r to form the command (imperative). Verbs that end in -er in the present tense remove the -er to form the command. You cannot form the imperative if you only know the infinitive and not if the verb takes -ar or -er in the present tense. But if you do know that an infinitive is an -ar verb, you leave the -a in the imperative, and if the infinitive is an -er verb, you remove the -a. Present Tense
Impe Impera rati tive ve
Tran Transl slat atio ion n
öppnar väntar skriver läser
öppna! vänta! skriv! läs!
open! wait! write! read!
33. Present &Past Perfect The present and past perfect tenses consist of two parts: har / hade and the supine form of the main verb. This is a compound tense that corresponds to has/have / had and a past participle in English. The main difference between Swedish and English in this tense, however, is that Swedish uses the supine form of the verb instead of the past participle. To form the supine, -ar verbs add -t to the infinitive; while -er verbs replace -a with -t in the infinitive. Infinitives ending in long vowels add -tt to form the supine. Infinitive
arbeta fråga öppna tala ringa stänga följa bygga tänka röka läsa köpa tro
Present
to work to ask to open to speak to ring to close to follow to build to think to smoke to read to buy to believe
arbet arbetar ar fråga ågar öppn öppnar ar talar ringer stän stänge gerr följer bygger tänker röker läser köper tror
Past
Supine
arbe arbetad tadee arbe arbetat tat frågad gade frågat öppn öppnad adee öppn öppnat at talade ta t alat ringde ringt stäng tängde de stän stängt gt följde följt byggde by byggt tänkte tänkt rökte rökt läste läst köpte köpt trodde trott
bo
to live, dwell bor
bodde
bott
Jag har läst boken. I have read the book. Hon hade öppnat dörren. She had opened the door. 34. Irregular Verbs Several verbs in Swedish are considered irregular because they do not follow the rules for the different conjugations. These forms need to be memorized since these verbs are very common. Infi Infini niti tive ve
vara ha komma göra ta säga veta låta hålla heta åka resa bära dra ligga lägga sätta slå falla äta sova stjäla gråta sälja välja vänja svälja skilja
Impe Impera rati tive ve Pres Presen entt
Past Past
Supi Supine ne
Tran Transl slat atio ion n var är var varit be ha har hade haft have kom kommer kom kommit come gör gör gjorde gjort do, make ta, tag tar tog tagit take säg säger sa, sade sagt say ve t vet visste vetat know låt låter lät låtit let håll håller höll hållit hold het heter hette hetat be called åk åker åkte åkt go res reser reste rest travel bär bär bar burit carry dra, drag drar drog dragit pull, drag ligg ligger låg legat lie (down) lägg lägger la, lade lagt put s ät t sätter satte satt put slå slår slog slagit hit fall faller föll fallit fall ät äter åt ätit eat sov sover sov sovit sleep stjäl stjäler stal stulit steal gråt gråter grät gråtit cry
sälj välj vänj svälj skilj
sålde valde vande svalde skilde
så sålt valt vant svalt skilt
säljer väljer vänjer sväljer skiljer
sell choose accustom swallow separate
Some -er verbs (and never -ar verbs) have irregular simple past and supine forms. Sometimes these involve a vowel change and lack of ending. Inf Infinitive Past
Supi upine
Tran ranslat slatiions ons binda band bundit to bind / bound / bound brinna brann brunnit to burn / burned / burned dricka drack druckit to drink / drank / drunk finna fann funnit to find / found / found to disappear / disappeared / försvinna försvann försvunnit disappeared to manage / managed / hinna hann hunnit managed to run, flow / ran, flowed / rinna rann runnit run, flowed sitta s at t suttit to sit / sat / sat to get out of / got out of / slippa slapp sluppit gotten out of spri sprick ckaa spra sprack ck spru spruck ckit it to split / split / split spri spring ngaa spra sprang ng spru sprung ngit it to run / ran / run sticka stack stuckit to stick / stuck / stuck vinna vann vunnit to win / won / won bita bet bitit to bite / bit / bitten gripa grep gripit to grip / gripped / gripped lida led lidit to suffer / suffered / suffered rida red ridit to ride / rode / ridden skina sken skinit to shine / shone / shone skriva skrev skrivit to write / wrote / written to wear out / wore out / worn slita slet slitit out stiga steg stigit to rise / rose / risen to be silent / was silent / tiga teg tigit been silent vrid vred vridit to turn / turned / turned bjuda bjöd bjudit to invite / invited / invited to lie / lied / lied (to tell a ljuga ljög ljugit lie) sjunga sjöng sjungit to sing / sang / sung skjuta sköt skjutit to shoot / shot / shot bryta bröt brutit to break / broke / broken flyga flög flugit to fly / flew / flown flyta flöt flutit to float / floated / floated frysa frös frusit to freeze / froze / frozen
knyta krypa
knöt kröp
knutit krupit
to tie up / tied up / tied up to crawl / crawled / crawled
A few infinitives in Swedish do not end in -a. These are short verbs and they end in a long, stressed vowel. The infinitive is the same as the imperative, and the present tense is formed by adding -r. The past tense if formed by adding -dde to the infinitive, and the supine is formed by adding -tt to the infinitive. However, a few of the short verbs have an irregular form in the past. Infinitive / Imperative
Present Tense
Past Tense
Short verbs with a regular past: tro tror trodde ske sker skedde nå når nådde bo bor bodde må mår mådde klä klär klädde Short verbs with an irregular past: få får fick gå går gick ge ger gav se ser såg dö dör dog stå står stod be ber bad
Supine Translation Translation
trott skett nått bott mått klätt
believe, think happen reach live (dwell) feel (of health) dress
fått gått gett sett dött stått bett
get, receive go, walk give see die stand ask, pray
35. Food & Meals bacon beef beer beverage biscuit bread breakfast butter cake cheese chicken coffee cream
bacon / fläsk (n) nötkött (n) öl (n) dryck kaka bröd (n) frukost smör (n) kaka / tårta ost kyckling kaffe grädde
salt sandwich sauce sausage soup stew sugar supper tea veal vegetables vinegar wine
salt (n) smörgås sås korv soppa gryta socker (n) middag te (n) kalvkött (n) grönsaker ättika / vinäger vin (n)
dessert dinner egg fried egg soft-boiled egg fat flour ham honey jam lunch meal meat milk mustard mutton oil omelet pepper pork roll salad
dessert middag ägg (n) stekta ägg kokta ägg fett (n) mjöl (n) skinka honung sylt lunch måltid kött (n) mjölk senap fårkött (n) olja omelett peppar fläsk (n) bulle sallad
skål basin flaska bottle can opener konservöppnare coffee pot kaffekanna colander durkslag corkscrew korkskruv kopp cup fat (n) dish gaffel fork frying pan stekpanna glas (n) glass kruka jug kittel kettle kniv knife lock (n) lid servett napkin tallrik plate tefat (n) saucer saucepan kastrull sked spoon tablecloth duk tekanna teapot
If you are referring to a brand of beer, öl is a neutral noun instead of common. 36. Fruits & Vegetables almond apple apple tree apricot ash bark beech berry birch blackberry branch
mandel äpple (n) äppelträd (n) aprikos ask bark bok bär (n) björk björnbär (n) gren
strawberry tree tree trunk vine walnut willow artichoke asparagus barley bean (broad) bean (kidney)
jordgubbe träd (n) stam vinstock valnöt pil kronärtskocka sparris korn (n) böna kidneyböna
cherry cherry tree chestnut chestnut tree currant cypress date elm fig fir fruit grapes hazelnut kernel laurel leaf lemon lime tree melon oak olive olive tree orange orange tree peach pear pear tree pine pineapple plum poplar raspberry root
körsbär (n) körsbärsträd (n) kastanj kastanjeträd (n) vinbär (n) cypress dadel alm fikon (n) gran frukt vindruvor hasselnöt kärna lagerträd (n) blad (n) citron lind melon ek oliv olivträd (n) apelsin apelsinträd (n) persika päron (pl) päronträd tall ananas plommon (n) poppel hallon (n) rot
brussel sprouts cabbage carrot cauliflower celery corn cucumber eggplant garlic herb horse-radish lentil lettuce maize mint mushroom oats onion parsley pea potato pumpkin radish rice rye sage seed spinach stalk tomato turnip wheat
37. Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions och
and
brysselkål kål morot blomkål selleri majs gurka aubergine vitlök ört pepparrot lins sallad majs mynta svamp havre lök persilja ärta potatis pumpa rädisa ris (n) råg salvia frö (n) spenat stjälk tomat rova vete (n)
eller men för så som antingen...eller varken...eller
or but because, for so as either...or neither...nor
Subordinating Conjunctions att that då when eftersom because, as in order to, so för att that därför att because innan / before förrän medan while när when if, whether om (interrogation) even if, fast although sedan since, as nu då now that 38. Word Order In general, the word order of Swedish is the same as English: Subject + Verb + Object. However, the word order is slightly different from English when something other than the subject of the verb begins the sentence. In declarative sentences, the main verb is always in the second position (but not necessarily the second word!). For example, if a sentence begins with an adverb or an object, the verb will be the second element in the sentence, and the subject will come after the verb. Then any other forms of verbs (such as participles or infinitives) will come after the subject. Adverb or Object
Main Verb
Subject
(Participle / Infinitive)
Translation
I morgon
åker
jag
till Sverige.
I'm going to Sweden tomorrow.
I affären
köper
jag
ett bröd.
I buy bread in the store.
In sentences that begin with a subordinate clause, the second (independent) clause will have inversion of the verb and subject. The subordinate clause is the first element in the sentence, so the verb must be second, and the subject is third. Subordinate Clause
Main Verb
När jag var bodde ung, Nu då hon har kan kommit
Subject
Rest of Sentence
jag
i Sverige.
vi
börja.
Translation
When I was young, I lived in Sweden. Now that she's arrived we can begin.
Furthermore, adverbs that modify the entire sentence come before the verb in subordinate clauses, whereas they normally occur after the verb in regular sentences. Besides inte (not), these adverbs include: aldrig (never), alltid (always), alltså (so, then), möjligtvis (maybe), gärna (gladly, with pleasure), bara (only) and säkert (surely).
Han säger att han inte kan åka bil till Stockholm. He said that he cannot come to Stockholm by car. 39. Asking Questions
Yes/No questions: Invert the subject and verb so that the verb begins the question. Arbetar han? Does he work? Regnar det? Is it raining? Question Words: The question word begins the question, and the verb comes next, followed by the subject. Var bor Sten? Where does Sten live? Vad gör Elsa? What does Elsa do? 40. Holiday Phrases
God Jul! Gott Nytt År! Glad Påsk! Grattis på födelsedagen!
Merry Christmas! Happy New Year! Happy Easter! Happy Birthday!
The Swedish National Anthem Du gamla, du fria, du fjällhöga Nord, Du tysta, du glädjerika sköna! Jag hälsar dig, vänaste land uppå jord, Din sol, din himmel, dina ängder gröna. Din sol, din himmel, dina ängder gröna. Du tronar på minnen från fornstora da'r, då ärat ditt namn flög över jorden. Jag vet att du är och du blir, vad du var. Ja, jag vill leva, jag vill dö i Norden. Ja, jag vill leva, jag vill dö i Norden. You ancient, free and mountainous North, Of quiet, joyful beauty, I greet you, loveliest land on earth, Your sun, your sky, your green meadows. Your sun, your sky, your green meadows. You are throned on memories of olden days When the honour of your name spread over the earth. I know that you are and will remain what you were. Oh, may I live, may die in the Nordic North! Oh, may I live, may die in the Nordic North!
41. Places airport bakery bank bar barn barracks bench bookstore bridge building castle cathedral cemetery
flygplats bageri (n) bank bar lada kasern bänk bokhandel bro byggnad slott (n) katedral kyrkogård
embassy factory farm fountain garage hospital hotel house hut inn library market monument
ambassad fabrik bondgård fontän/brunn garage (n) sjukhus (n) hotell (n) hus (n) hydda värdshus (n) bibliotek (n) marknad monument
port prison restaurant road/street school sidewalk square stable stadium store suburb theater tower
hamn fängelse (n) restaurang gata skola trottoar torg (n) stall (n) stadion affär förstad teater torn (n)
church cinema consulate corner courtyard
kyrka biograf konsulat (n) hörn (n) gård
museum palace path pharmacy police station
museum palats (n) stig apotek (n) polisstation
town town hall train station university village
stad rådhus (n) järnvägsstation universitet (n) by
42. Transportation airplane bicycle boat bus car moped motorcycle ship streetcar train truck
flygplan cykel båt buss bil moped motorcykel skepp (n) spårvagn tåg (n) lastbil
43. Adjectives Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they describe. In Swedish, adjectives are placed directly before the noun, as in English. There are two types of adjectives: strong and weak. Strong adjectives are used after the indefinite article and the words någon (a, some, any), ingen (no), en annan (another), vilken (what a), and all (all); as well as after the verbs to be and to become (vara and bli). Weak adjectives are used with the definite article, demonstratives, possessive adjectives or a possessive noun.
Strong (Indefinite): The basic rule for strong adjectives is to add -t for neuter nouns and -a for plural nouns. There is no ending for adjectives that modify common nouns. common
en fin bil basic rule
neuter
ett fint hus
plural
fina bilar
a beautiful a beautiful beautiful car house cars
ending in god vowel + d ending in ond consonant + d ending long blå vowel
gott
goda
ont
onda
blått
blåa
ending in -er or -el ending in -en gammal is irregular liten is irregular
vacker
vacker t
vackr a
egen
eget
egna
gamm ammal
gammalt
gamla
liten
litet
små
Weak (Definite): The basic rule for weak adjectives is to add -a for all nouns. Note that the noun has the definite article attached to the end and the words den, det or de preceding the adjective. The adjective liten is completely irregular in the singular and plural. With adjectives follow possessives or demonstratives, the definite article is not attached to the end of the noun. common
den fina bilen basic rule
liten is irregular
neuter
det fina huset
plural
de fina bilarna
the beautiful car
the the beautiful beautiful house cars
den lilla bilen
det lilla huset
de små bilarna
the small car
the small house
the small cars
Some common adjectives cannot be declined and they remain the same in all forms: bra (good), extra (extra), gratis (free). 44. Comparative & Superlative Forming the comparative and superlative of adjectives in Swedish is very similar to English. Most adjectives add -are to the adjective for the comparative and -ast(e) for the superlative. Some adjectives add nothing to the adjective, but use mer or mest (more or most) before the adjective. comparative superlative
strong adjectives weak adjectives many syllables
-are
-ast
-are
-aste
mer
mest
Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms good - better best
god god / bra bra bätt bättre re
bäst bäst
good - better best (food)
god
godare
go godast
bad - worse worst
dålig
värre
värst
sämre
sämst
bad - less good dålig least good few - fewer
få
färre
small - smaller liten smallest
mindre mi minst
many - more most
många
fler
flest
much - more most
mycket
mer
mest
old - older oldest
gammal äl äldre
äldst
Note: Godare and godast usually only refer to food. Fler / flest are used with count nouns, while mer / mest are used with non-count nouns.
Comparing two or more adjectives: To express egality (as... as), use så...som. To express superiority (-er or more... than), use -are or mer and än (than.) To express the superlative (-est or the most), use -ast or mest. 45. House & Furniture alarm clock väckarklocka armchair länstol vindsvåning attic balkong balcony basement källare korg basket bathroom badrum bad bathtub säng bed bedroom sovrum (n) filt blanket rullgardin blinds
bord (n) desk refrigerator dörr door roof ringklocka doorbell room låda drawer rug staket (n) fence sheet eldstad fireplace shelf golv (n) floor shower floor / storey våning sink möbler (pl.) furniture sofa trädgård garden stairs ground floor nedersta våning stove hus (n) house table
kylskåp (n) tak (n) rum (n) matta lakan (n) hylla dusch diskbänk soffa trappa spis bord (n)
bookcase box broom carpet ceiling chair chimney clock closet computer corner cupboard curtain cushion
bokhylla kista kvast matta tak (n) stol skorsten klocka garderob dator hörn (n) skåp (n) gardin kudde
iron (flat) key kitchen lamp lawn light bulb lock mattress mirror oven pantry picture pillow pipe (water)
strykjärn (n) nyckel kök (n) lampa gräsmatta glödlampa lås (n) madrass spegel ugn skafferi (n) tavla huvudkudde rör (n)
kran tap (faucet) telefon telephone television television brödrost toaster toalett toilet (WC) handduk towel vacuum cleaner dammsugare vas vase mur wall vägg wall (room) fönster (n) window gård yard
46. Clothing apron bathrobe belt blouse boot bra bracelet brush buckle button cap clothes coat collar comb contact lens cotton dress earrings fashion
förkläde (n) badkappa skärp (n) blus känga behå armband (n) hårborste spänne (n) knapp mössa kläder jacka krage kam kontaktlins bomull klänning örhängen mode
47. Future Tense
glasögon glasses shorts handske glove silk handväska handbag skirt handkerchief näsduk sleeve hatt hat slippers jacka jacket soap halsband (n) sock necklace nål needle stocking nightgown nattlinne (n) suit överrock overcoat sunglasses byxor pants suspenders knappnål pin sweater ficka pocket swimsuit börs purse thread regnrock raincoat tie ring ring T-shirt scarf / halsduk umbrella scarf skjorta shirt waistcoat sko shoe watch skoband (n) wool shoelace
shorts silke (n) kjol ärm toffel tvål strumpa nylonstrumpa kostym solglasögon hängslen tröja badkläder tråd slips T-shirt paraply väst klocka ull
One way to form the future tense in Swedish is by using the auxiliary verb ska before an infinitive. This implies intention and the involvement of someone's will or wish. As an alternative, you can use tänker before an infinitive, as long as it is the subject's wish and not someone else's.
Du ska tala svenska. You are going to speak Swedish. Jag ska resa till Amerika i höst. I'm going to America in the fall. Vi tänker flyga hem. We're going to fly home. Another way is to use kommer att before an infinitive. This does not imply intention or will, as it's more of a prediction or assumption about the future.
Du kommer att tycka om min vän. You'll like my friend. Alla kommer att vara här klockan 8. Everybody will be here at 8 o'clock. 48. Sports badminton baseball basketball bowling boxing cycling golf hockey ice-skating jogging
badminton baseball basket bowling boxning cykelsport golf hockey konståkning joggning
rugby sailing skiing soccer surfing swimming table tennis tennis volleyball wrestling
rugby segling skidsport fotboll surfing simning bordtennis tennis volleyboll brottning
49. Nature air bank
luft strand
grass gulf
gräs (n) vik
root rose
bay
vik
hail
hagel (n)
salt water
beach branch bud bush cape
strand gren knopp buske kap
hay high tide hill ice island
sand sea shadow sky snow
cave
grotta
isthmus
hö (n) flod kulle is ö landtunga; näs
rot ros saltvatten (n) sand hav (n) skugga himmel snö
soil
mark
climate
klimat
jungle
djungel
cloud
moln (n)
lake
sjö
coast comet constellation country(side) current daffodil daisy darkness
kust komet konstellation land (n) ström narcisser tusensköna mörker (n)
desert
öken
dew dust earth east
field
dagg dam (n) jord öster lantbruk / farm fält
leaf light lightning lily low tide meadow moon mountain mountain range mud nature north peninsula
flower foam fog forest fresh water frost
farm
söder
blad ljus (n) blixt lilja ebb äng måne berg (n)
south spring (water) star stem storm strait stream sun sunflower thaw
stjärna stam storm sund bäck sol solros töväder (n)
bergskedja
thunder
åska
mudder (n) natur norr halvö
tornado tree tulip valley
tromb träd tulpan dal
plain
slät
view
utsikt
planet
planet
water
blomma
plant
växt
waterfall
skum (n) dimma skog sötvatten (n) frost
pond rain rainbow river rock
dam (n) regn (n) regnbåge flod klippa
wave weather west wind world
vatten (n) vattenfall (n) bölja väder (n) väster vind värld
källa
50. Parts of the Body ankle arm artery back beard belly bladder blood body
fotled arm pulsåder rygg skägg (n) buk blåsa blod (n) kropp
finger fist flesh foot forehead gum hair hand head
finger (n) knytnäve kött (n) fot panna tandkött (n) hår (n) hand huvud (n)
nagel nail hals neck nerv nerve smärta nose hjärtslag pulse revben (n) rib skenben shin shoulder skuldra skeleton skelett
bone brain breast breath calf cheek chest chin complexion ear elbow eye eyebrow eyelid face
ben (n) hjärna bröst ande vad kind bröst (n) haka hy öra (n) armbåge öga (n) ögonbryn (n) ögonlock (n) ansikte (n)
health heart heel hip intestine jaw kidney knee leg lip liver lung moustache mouth muscle
hälsa hjärta (n) häl höft inelvor (pl.) käft njure knä (n) ben (n) läpp lever lunga mustasch mun muskel
skin skull sole spine stomach temple thigh throat thumb toe tongue tooth vein waist wrist
skinn (n) skalle fotsula ryggrad mage tinning lår (n) strupe tumme tå tunga tand åder midja handled
51. Relative Pronouns The relative pronoun som can be translated at that, which, whom, or who and it can act as a subject or as a complement. Där (where, in which) and när (when) can also be used as relative pronouns for location and time.
Stan, som ligger där borta, är Skövde. The city that is over there is Skovde. Flickan, som fyller 17 år, är min syster. The girl who is going to be 17 is my sister. Restaurangen, som du tycker om, ligger i Gamla Stan. The restaurant which you like is in Gamla Stan. 52. Animals & Insects animal ant badger bat beak bear bee beetle bird blackbird
djur (n) myra grävling flädermus näbb björn bi (n) skalbagge fågel koltrast
giraffe goat goose gorilla grasshopper hamster hare hedgehog hen heron
giraff get gås gorilla gräshoppa hamster hare igelkott höna häger
pig pigeon pike rabbit raccoon rat rooster salmon scale scorpion
svin (n) duva gädda kanin tvättbjörn råtta tupp lax fjäll (n) skorpion
bull butterfly calf carp cat caterpillar chicken chimpanzee claw cockroach cod cow crab crayfish crocodile crow deer dog donkey dragonfly duck eagle eel elephant feather fin fish flea fly fox frog fur gill
tjur fjäril kalv karp katt larv kyckling schimpans klo kackerlacka torsk ko krabba kräfta krokodil kråka hjort hund åsna trollslända anka örn ål elefant fjäder fena fisk loppa fluga räv groda päls gäl
herring hoof horn horse hummingbird iguana insect jellyfish kitten ladybug lamb lark lion lizard lobster (spiny) louse mackerel mole monkey mosquito moth mouse mule nightingale octopus ostrich owl ox oyster parrot partridge paw penguin
sill hov horn (n) häst kolibrier Ieguan insekt manet kattunge nyckelpiga lamm (n) lärka lejon (n) ödla hummer lus makrill mullvad apa mygga nattfjäril mus mula näktergal bläckfisk struts uggla oxe ostron (n) papegoja rapphöna tass pingvin
sea gull seahorse seal shark sheep shrimp slug snail snake sole sparrow spider squirrel starfish stork swallow swan tadpole tail tiger toad trout tuna turkey turtle wasp weasel whale wing wolf worm zebra
mås sjöhäst säl haj får räka snigel snigel orm sjötunga sparv spindel ekorre sjöstjärna stork svala svan grodyngel svans tiger padda forell tonfisk kalkon sköldpaddor geting vessla valfisk vinge varg mask sebra
53. Adverbs never always
aldrig alltid
possibly often
möjligen ofta
probably at least only, merely gladly, willingly not maybe, perhaps hardly
antagligen åtminstone bara gärna inte kanska knappast
already surely seldom soon probably usually really, indeed
redan säkert sällan snart troligtvis vanligtvis verkligen
Adverbs are generally placed after the first verb in independent clauses with straight word order.
David röker ofta pipa. David often smokes a pipe. Stockholm ligger inte i Amerika. Stockholm is not in a America. Talar Bo alltid långsamt? Does Bo always speak slowly? In subordinate clauses, the adverb is placed before the conjugated verb.
Hon tror, att hon alltid har rätt. She thinks that she is always right. Lars sade, att han inte tycker om att köra bil. Lars said that he doesn't like to drive. Many adverbs in Swedish have two distinct forms: one to denote location and one to denote movement to or from a place. Location adverbs answer the question var? where? while movement adverbs answer the question vart? where to? Location inne in ute out framme there uppe up nere down här here där there borta away hemmaa (at) home hemm
Movement in ut fram upp ne r hit dit bort hem hem
Location adverbs are used with verbs of rest (vara, stå, ligga, sitta, stanna, finnas, bo, trivas) and movement adverbs are used with verbs of motion (gå, komma, fara, resa, åka, flytta, spring, köra, flyga).
Malin är här. Malin is here. Malin kommer hit. Malin is coming here.
Mamma stannar hemma. Mother is staying home. Mamma går hem. Mother is going home. 54. Present & Past Participles The present participle in Swedish acts as an adjective. Present participles cannot be used to form the progressive tenses as in English, i.e. He is reading is translated as Han läser. Nor can present participles be used as gerunds (-ing form used as nouns in English). In this case, the infinitive is used: Do you like reading? Tycker du om att läsa? The Swedish present participle is formed by adding -ande to most verbs, and -ende to verbs whose infinitives do not end in -a. Although the present participle acts as an adjective, it is not declined like other adjectives. It remains the same at all times. en strålande dag två strålande dagar den strålande dagen de strålande dagarna The past participle in Swedish also acts as an adjective, either in the predicate of the sentence or as a modifying adjective before a noun. Unlike the present participle, the past participle does decline and agree with the noun in gender and number. Remember that the supine form is used in the perfect tenses in Swedish, whereas English uses the past participle. The past participle is used in the passive voice in Swedish, however.
Indefinite Forms: The en word forms vary according to the conjugation pattern of the verb. The ett word forms are similar to the regular adjective endings, and add -t or -tt. The plural forms add either -a or -e ( for -ar verbs). Predicate adjectives are always declined in the definite forms. Definite Forms: The singular and plural forms of the definite past participles are the same as the plural indefinite forms: add -a to most verbs, and -e to -ar verbs. 55. Passive Voice
Bli + past participle The passive voice is formed similar to the English passive, but with a different verb: conjugation of bli + past participle (which must agree with the subject). It is possible to use vara (be) instead of bli (become) in these sentences, but this describes a state or condition. Using bli describes an action or a transition from one state to another. Notice that av is the preposition used to mean by when expressing the agent.
Skjortan blir tvättad. The shirt was washed. Kläderna blir tvättade. The dresses were washed. Huset blev sålt av Johan. The house was sold by John. Verb + s Another way to form the passive voice is the -s form. The ending -s can be added to the infinitive, past tense or supine forms. In the present tense, -s is added to the infinitive of the -ar and long vowel verbs and to the stem of the -er and irregular verbs. Also, if the stem already ends in -s, an -e is inserted before the -s. This verb + s form commonly follows modal verbs. Nyheterna läses varje timme. The news is read every hour. Bordet köptes av min moster. The table was bought by my aunt. Räkningen hade redan betalats. The bill had already been paid. Barn ska ses men inte höras. The child will be seen but not heard. 56. Office & School Supplies backpack book briefcase cabinet cable calculator calendar chair chalk computer crayon date desk dictionary disk (floppy) document drawer envelope eraser fax machine file globe
ryggsäck bok portfölj kabinett kabel kalkylator kalender stol krita dator färgkrita datum (n) bord ordbok diskett dokument låda kuvert (n) gummi (n) telefax fil jordglob
lampa lamp bärbar dator laptop karta map microphone mikrofon monitor monitor mus mouse mousepad musmatta newspaper dagstidning notebook anteckningsbok roman novel sida page papper paper paper clip gem penna pen blyertspenna pencil periodical tidskrift photocopier kopieringsmaskin skrivare printer linjal ruler bildläsare scanner sax scissors sändare sender
glue ink keyboard
limma mjukvara software bläck (n) typewriter skrivmaskin tangentbord wastebasket soptunna
57. Materials & Tools alloy brass brick cement chalk clay coal concrete copper cork glass gold iron lead leather lime marble mercury metal rubber silver steel stone tar tin wood
legering mässing mursten cement (n) krita lera kol (n) betong koppar kork glas (n) guld (n) järn (n) bly (n) läder (n) kalk marmor kvicksilver (n) metall gummi (n) silver (n) stål (n) sten tjära tenn (n) trä (n)
axe board chisel cord file gun hammer hoe hook (fishing) line (fishing) nail net nut pliers plow rod (fishing) saw scissors screw screwdriver spring string tool tool box wire wrench
yxa bräde (n) mejsel rep fil gevär (n) hammare hacka metkrok metrev spik nät (n) mutter tång plog mestpö (n) såg sax skruv skruvmejsel fjäder snöre (n) verktyg (n) verktygslåda tråd skruvnyckel
58. Traveling & Airport arrival baggage border coach, car
ankomst bagage (n) gräns vagn
platform porter railroad car railway
plattform bärare järnvägsvagn järnväg
compartment connection customs delay departure engine entrance exit guard information bureau lavatory passenger passport
kupé förbindelse tull fördröjning avresa lokomotiv (n) ingång utgång konduktör upplysningskontor (n) toalett passagerare pass (n)
return ticket biljett retur plats seat sleeping car sovvagn station station station master stationsinspektor halt stop kappsäck suitcase biljett ticket ticket office biljettkontor (n) tidtabell time table koffert trunk visa visa waiting room väntsal
59. Conversational Phrases
60. Swedish Provinces Sweden is divided into 3 lands: Norrland, Svealand and Götaland; which are divided into 25 smaller landskap. These are not political divisions, but they are used in everyday language (such as in weather reports). Norrland: Lappland, Norrbotten, Västerbotten, Ångermanland, Jämtland, Medelpad, Härjedalen, Hälsingland, Gästrikland. Svealand: Dalarna, Värmland, Västmanland, Närke, Uppland, Södermanland. Götaland: Dalsland, Bohuslän, Västergötland, Östergötland, Småland, Öland, Gotland, Halland, Skåne, Blekinge.
