Gra a mma a r Ba a ha a sa a Inggris Adjectives
Tenses
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Tenses
Tidak seperti bahasa Indonesia, kalimat atau ungkapan dalam bahasa Inggris selalu ditulis dalam paradigma waktu, ini dikenal sebagai tense.
Bahasa Indonesia: Saya sudah memasak. Dalam
bahasa
Indonesia,
kita
harus
mengatakan sudah untuk menyatakan saya sudah memasak dari tadi/tidak terjadi saat ini.
Bahasa Inggris: I cooked Kita tidak perlu mengatakan tadi untuk menyatakan bahwa “saya sudah memasak” karena cook+ed sudah menyatakan bahwa kegiatan memasak sudah dilakukan. Kata kerja seperti ini disebut sebagai kata kerja bentuk kedua. Bentuk kalimat dengan penambahan –ed di belakang kata kerja ini dikenal sebagai tense berbentuk lampau sederhana (simple past tense).
Adapun bentuk tense paling sederhana disebut sebagai simple present tense. Tense ini
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untuk subjek orang ketiga tunggal (he, she, it, father f ather,, mother, mother, my brother, dan seterusnya), kata
kerjanya harus ditambah –s. Sedangkan, dalam kalimat negatif dan tanya, kita menggunakan does sebagai auxiliary-nya.
Positif He cooks.
[Dia memasak.]
Negatif He doesn’t (does not) cook.
[Dia tidak memasak.]
Tanya Does he cook?
[Apakah dia memasak.]
Jawab Jaw ab - Yes, he does. [Ya, [Y a, dia memasak. memasak.]] - No, he doesn’t. [Tidak, dia tidak memasak.] Nama Tense
Makna
Contoh
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Present continuous
Kejadian sekarang yang tengah berlangsung. Dan, Mungkin pula berarti kejadian di masa depan future). ( future). Kejadian atau serangkaian kejadian dalam suatu selang waktu dan sudah usai saat ini; paling umum digunakan untuk menyatakan kita sudah selesai melakukan sesuatu.
Present perfect
Kata kerja bentuk perfect umumnya umumnya ditambah –ed, –ed, dan kita sebut saja kata kerja bentuk ketiga. Tapi ada kata kerja tertentu yang tidak ditambah –ed , yang kita sebut kata kerja tidak beraturan verb). (irregular verb).
+: They’re (They are) cooking. - : They are not cooking. cooking. ? : Are they cooking?
+: They have cooked. Bila subjek subjeknya nya orang pertama tunggal: He has cooked. - : They have not (haven’t) cooked . Bila subjek subjeknya nya orang pertama tunggal: He hasn’t cooked ? : Have they they cooked? Untuk subjek orang pertama tunggal: Has he cooked?
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Present perfect continuous
Kejadian atau serangkaian kejadian dalam suatu selang waktu dan masih berlangsung saat ini. Kegiatan di masa lampau, keadaan di masa lampau, serangkaian kegiatan/keadaan masa lampau.
Past simple
Past continuous
Past perfect
Kata kerja bentuk lampau harus ditambah –ed –ed (kata kerja bentuk kedua), dan ada pula yang tak ditambah –ed –ed (irregular verb). verb) .
Kejadian selama periode tertentu di masa lalu.
Tindakan/kejadian sebelum suatu waktu di masa
+: They have been cooking. - : They haven’t been cooking. ? : Have they they been cooking? cooking?
+: They cooked this afternoon. - : They did not (didn’t) cook this afternoon. afternoon. ? : Did they cook this afternoon?
+: They were cooking when I came.. came - : They were not (weren’t) cooking when I came. ? : Were they cooking when I came? +: They had cooked when I came.. came - : They had not (hadn’t) cooked when I came.
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Past perfect continuous
Tindakan selama selang waktu tertentu sebelum suatu waktu di masa lampau. Kejadian akan berlangsung di masa mendatang.
Present future
Present future continuous
Future perfect
+: They had been cooking when I came. came. - : They had not been cooking when I came. came. ? : Had they been cooking cooking when I came? +: They will (They’ll) cook. cook . - : They will not (won’t) cook. ? : Will they cook? .
Sebenarnya, khusus untuk future,, ada banyak future versi kalimat. Kali ini kita gunakan auxiliary will sebagai penanda future.. future
Kita bisa mengganti will dengan be going (They are going to cook). Di samping itu, kita juga bisa menggunakan present continuous atau be+to innitif untuk menyatakan kejadian masa depan.
Kejadian yang akan tengah berlangsung di masa mendatang.
+: They will be cooking when we get there. there. - : They won’t be cooking when we get there. there. ? : Will they be cooking when we get there?
Kejadian selesai sebelum kejadian masa depan yang lain
+: They will have cooked when we get there. there. - : They will not have cooked when we get there. ? : Will they have cooked when we get there? there?
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Future perfect continuous
Suatu rangkai rangkaian an kejadian akan selesai sebelum kejadian masa depan yang lain
+: They will have been cooking when we get there. - : They will not have been cooking when we get there. ? : Will they have been cooking when we get there?
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