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Test #6 Question Bank Study Guide
A) B) ) !) ")
1.The subfield of psychology that provides psychology's psycholog y's contribution to the prevention and treatment of illness is known as: medical psychology. neuropsychology. health psychology. behavioral psychology. psychobiology.
A) B) ) !) ")
#.The university's psychology department and school of o f medicine are co$sponsoring a new professional program that applies behavioral and medical knowledge to health and disease. They are clearly offering a new degree in: medical psychology. human engineering. holistic medicine. behavioral medicine. neuropsychology.
A) B) ) !) ")
%.The interdisciplinary field that integrates and applies behavioral and medical knowledge to health and disease is: medical psychology. psychopharmacology. psychobiology. behavioral medicine. holistic medicine.
A) B) ) !) ")
&.As a psychologist employed by a medical school !r. (cerney speciali*es in research on the causes of stress and on the effectiveness of various techni+ues for coping with stress. !r. (cerney is most likely a,n) -------- psychologist. educational behavioral consumer forensic health
A) B) ) !) ")
.The process by which we perceive and respond to events that threaten or challenge us is called: stress. psychophysiological il illness. spontaneous remission. biofeedback. burnout /age 1
A) B) ) !) ")
0.A stressor is a,n): lower ower back back muscl usclee tha thatt fre fre+u +uen enttly prod produc uces es a fee feelling ing of of phy physi sica call tens tensiion. on. competitive ha hard$driving im impatient pe person. environmental event that threatens or challenges us. eer eerci cise se prog progrram desi design gned ed to inc incrrease ease our our abi abili lity ty to han handl dlee nor norm mal stre stresss. horm ormone re released by the ad adrenal nal gl glands dur duriing periods of of st stress.
A) B) ) !) ")
2."st3e's legs are paraly*ed but she is able to minimi*e the stress that the inability to walk might have caused by viewing this handicap as a challenge rather than a threat. This illustrates the importance of: biofeedback. relaation training. stress appraisal. the general adaptation syndrome. the Type A personality.
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4.The tet defines stress as: a physiological reaction to any negative life event. the epe eperi rien ence ce of conf confllictin cting g mo moti tive vess that hat prod produc ucee an anie iety ty and and ten tensi sion on.. the proc proces esss by whi which we appr apprai aisse and and cope cope wit with env enviironm onmenta entall threa hreatts and and challenges. the bl blocking of of an an at attempt to to re reach so some im important go goal. physical eem motional or or mental e ehaustion.
A) B) ) !) ")
5.6ush hour traffic is to an upset stomach as -------------- - is to --------. fight7 flight Type B7 Type A lymphocyte7 macrophage hypertension7 indigestion stressor7 stress reaction
A) B) )
A) B) ) !) ")
18.9uigi minimi*ed the stress of testing positive for ;< by viewing this circumstance as an opportunity for a renewed religious commitment and spiritual growth. is reaction best illustrates the importance of: spontaneous remission. the general adaptation syndrome. the Type A personality. biofeedback stress appraisal.
/age #
A) B) ) !) ")
11.;n response to stress the pituitary gland signals the adrenal glands to release: cortisol. lymphocytes. serotonin. telomeres. acetylcholine.
A) B) ) !) ")
1#.After being told that his parents have =ust been involved in a serious automobile accident Bill is likely to eperience an outpouring of: lymphocytes. serotonin. dopamine. epinephrine. leptin.
A) B) ) !) ")
1%.After >eorgiana learns that a tornado has destroyed her house her brain probably directed the outer part of her adrenal glands to react by: releasing testosterone. producing androgens. increasing th the pr production of of lymphocytes. producing te teratogens. secreting cortisol.
A) B) ) !) ")
1&.ans ?elye referred to the body's bod y's response to stress as: the fight$or$flight response. the general adaptation syndrome. Type B behavior. psychophysiological il illness. resistance
A) B) ) !) ")
1.The first phase of the general adaptation adap tation syndrome is: stress appraisal. resistance. alarm. ehaustion. ad=ustment.
10.@hen ans ?elye in=ected rats with an ovarian hormone etract one of the symptoms he observed was that: A) their right cerebral hemispheres became enlarged.
/age %
B) ) !) ")
the number of T lymphocytes in their body increased. their adrenal corte shrank. thei heir secondary dary se char haracteristics became ame eag aggerate ated. they developed bleeding ulcers.
A) B) ) !) ")
12.After overcoming the initial shock of having her car stolen (arlys calls the police for help and begins to +uestion possible witnesses. At At this point (arlys is most likely in the -------- stage of the general adaptation syndrome. resistance ehaustion fight$or$flight ad=ustment stress appraisal
A) B) ) !) ")
14.ameron a 8$year$old electrician opens his pay envelope and to his surprise finds a pink slip inside indicating that he has been fired from his =ob. @hich @hich phase of the general adaptation syndrome is ameron most likely eperiencing fight or flight resistance alarm reaction ad=ustment ehaustion
A) B) ) !) ")
15.Because of poverty unemployment and overcrowding residents of urban ghettos are especially likely to eperience: enlargement of the thymus gland. shrinkage of the adrenal corte. the pr proliferation of of lymphocytes. high blood pressure. increased somatosensory activity.
A) B) ) !) ")
#8.riedman and 6osenman referred to competitive co mpetitive hard$driving impatient and easily angered individuals as -------- personalities. hyperactive problem$focused emotion$focused Type A Type B
#1.@ho is the best eample of a Type A personality A) (ara an ir irritable im impatient teacher
/age &
B) ) !) ")
6ashida a highly intelligent introverted librarian @ilma a friendly altruistic social worker harisse a fun$loving self$indulgent college student 9ing 9ing a relaed self$employed artist
A) B) ) !) ")
##.riedman and 6osenman referred to relaed and easygoing individuals as ------- personalities. passive$aggressive emotion$focused problem$focused Type A Type B
A) B) ) !) ")
#%.Type A is to -------- as Type B is to --------. realistic7 idealistic introverted7 etraverted bright7 dull hard$driving7 easy$going optimistic7 pessimistic
A) B) ) !) ")
#&."pinephrine norepinephrine and cortisol: are released by the thymus and lymph glands. accelerate the proliferation of lymphocytes. divert blood flow from muscle tissue to the body's internal organs. accelerate the buildup of pla+ues on artery walls. decrease heart rate and blood pressure.
A) B) ) !) ")
#.The characteristic that most clearly contributes to the disease vulnerability of Type A personalities is their feelings of: urgency. competitiveness. ambition. anger. inade+uacy.
A) B) ) !)
#0.By accelerating the buildup of pla+ues on artery walls the release of stress hormones promotes: hypochondriasis. atherosclerosis. asthma attacks. spontaneous remission.
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shrinkage of the adrenal corte.
A) B) ) !) ")
#2.Bernard is an ambitious highly competitive corporation lawyer who recently had a heart attack. e tends to be impatient and a perfectionist and he gets angry over little things. 6esearch suggests that Bernard's susceptibility to heart attacks may be most closely linked to his: ambition. anger. impatience. perfectionism. competitiveness.
A) B) ) !) ")
#4.Andrea's physician has suggested that a program of relaation training would provide the best treatment for her high blood pressure. The physician probably considers Andrea's hypertension to be a,n) -------- illness. hereditary hypochondriacal emotion$focused psychophysiological respiratory
A) B) ) !) ")
#5./hysical illnesses such as hypertension and some headaches that are not caused by an organic disorder but instead seem linked to stress are referred to as --- ----- illnesses. psychophysiological psychopharmacological hypochondriacal neuropsychological behavioral
A) B) ) !) ")
%8.The macrophage and lymphocytes are ma=or agents of the: sympathetic nervous system. immune system. limbic system. parasympathetic nervous system. homeostatic system.
A) B) ) !)
%1.The macrophage and lymphocytes are ma=or agents of the: sympathetic nervous system. immune system. limbic system. parasympathetic nervous system.
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respiratory system.
A) B) ) !) ")
%#.The white blood cells that fight bacterial infections and attack cancer cells and viruses are called: lymphocytes. telomeres. teratogens. glucocorticoids. cortisols.
A) B) ) !) ")
%%.After breaking up with his girlfriend "ric came down with a severe respiratory infection. is illness may have been caused to a large etent by a,n): decrease in his body's production of glucocorticoids. increase in his body's production of androgens. decrease in his body's production of lymphocytes. increase in his body's production of telomeres. decrease in his body's production of steroids.
A) B) ) !) ")
%&.@ild animals placed in *oos sometimes die shortly thereafter. These deaths are likely to result from a,n): decrease in the animals' production of lymphocytes. increase in the animals' production of androgens. decrease in the animals' production of cortisol. increase in the animals' production of serotonin. decrease in the animals' production of teratogens.
A) B) ) !) ")
%.The greatest number of deaths in Africa today result from: heart disease. strokes. cancer. A;!?. malaria.
A) B) ) !) ")
%0.6esearch on taste aversion in rats led to the discovery that suppression of the immune system can be influenced by: pessimism. Type A behaviors. elevated cholesterol levels. classical conditioning. biofeedback.
/age 2
A) B) ) !) ")
%2.;n researching taste aversion in rats Ader and ohen discovered that saccharin$sweetened water was a conditioned stimulus for: the suppression of the immune system. the release of pain$killing endorphins. an overproduction of acetylcholine. a proliferation of lymphocytes. overeating.
A) B) ) !) ")
%4.6ats that received electric shocks were unlikely to develop ulcers if the: shocks were systematically associated with the delivery of appeti*ing food. shocks were +uickly terminated by the eperimenter. rats didn't anticipate the shocks ahead of time. rats could control the termination of the shocks. shocks became a routine part of the rats' daily life.
A) B) ) !) ")
%5."lderly nursing home residents tend to decline faster and die sooner than they would otherwise if they lack: biofeedback. alternative medicine. perceived control. Type A personalities. central routes of persuasion.
A) B) ) !) ")
&8.Amanda is stressed out because she thinks she's too boring socially to make friends with her new classmates. Amanda best illustrates the debilitating effects of: hypochondriasis. a Type$A personality. problem$focused coping. a pessimistic eplanatory style. emotion$focused coping.
A) B) ) !) ")
&1./eople who laugh a lot have ehibited a lower incidence of: cancer. lymphocytes. heart disease. problem$focused coping. self$efficacy.
&#.The growth of new brain cells in mice has been found to be promoted by: A) acupuncture.
/age 4
B) ) !) ")
biofeedback. aerobic eercise. the placebo effect. the fight$or$flight response.
A) B) ) !) ")
&%.The results of early research on biofeedback were surprising because they indicated that people could learn to control bodily functions regulated by the: neurotransmitters. lymph glands. autonomic nervous system. cerebellum. frontal lobes.
A) B) ) !) ")
&&.A psychologist would most likely use biofeedback to provide clients with information about their: cholesterol level. blood type. muscle tension. genetic makeup. pain tolerance.
A) B) ) !) ")
&.9ewis has suffered from acute stress for years. e is presently learning to rela with a device that provides him with information about changes in tension in his forehead muscles. 9ewis' case illustrates the use of: cognitive therapy. biofeedback. emotion$focused coping. the general adaptation syndrome. psychoanalysis.
A) B) ) !) ")
&0.Aviad a 8$year$old banking eecutive and Type A personality recently suffered a serious heart attack. To prevent a recurrence Aviad would probably benefit most from: acupuncture therapies. early retirement. relaation training. pain control medication. hormone therapy.
&2.omeopathy and herbal remedies are forms of: A) alternative medicine. B) emotion$focused coping.
&4./eople are most likely to inflate their assessments of the value of alternative medicine for the treatment of: coronary heart disease. lung cancer. arthritis. /arkinson's disease. schi*ophrenia.
A) B) ) !) ")
&5.A rewarding conse+uence of cigarette smoking is that it reduces: blood pressure and heart rate. sensitivity to pain. mental alertness. the release of epinephrine into the bloodstream. feelings of depression.
A) B) ) !) ")
8.?mokers and nonsmokers have been found to differ in a gene that influences responses to: serotonin. dopamine. acetylcholine. norepinephrine. endorphins.
A) B) ) !) ")
1.@hich of the following is most likely to interfere with one's efforts to successfully +uit smoking use of nicotine gum consumption of alcohol striving for total smoking abstinence informing others of one's intentions to +uit beginning an aerobic eercise program
#.Although Cohn has been obese for as long as he can remember he is determined to lose ecess weight with a special low$calorie diet. Cohn is likely to have difficulty losing weight while dieting because: A) fat cells can be lost only with vigorous eercise. B) his resting metabolic rate will increase and prompt him to overeat. ) he has an unusually low set point for body weight.
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fat tissue can be maintained by fewer calories than can other body tissues. the number of calories a person consumes daily has no effect on body weight.
A) B) ) !) ")
%.By dramatically reducing her daily caloric intake (arilyn plans to reduce her normal body weight by 18 to 1 percent. 6esearch suggests that after three or four weeks of sustained dieting (arilyn will: have a lower fat cell count. feel an increase in pep and physical energy. eperience a decrease in her feelings of hunger. have a lower resting metabolic rate. have a lower set point for body weight.
A) B) ) !) ")
&.Although ara has been obese for as long as she can remember she is determined to lose ecess body weight with a low$calorie diet. ara is most likely to have difficulty becoming and staying thin because: she may have a higher$than$average set point for body weight. fat cells can be lost only with vigorous eercise. the number of calories a person consumes daily has no effect on body weight. lean tissue is maintained by fewer calories than is fat tissue. her resting metabolic rate will increase and prompt her to overeat.
A) B) ) !) ")
.6udy has been on a strict diet of 1888 calories per day for the last si weeks. e lost considerably more weight in the first three weeks of his diet than in the last three because: his insulin level has decreased. his metabolic rate has decreased. his set point has increased. lean tissue is maintained by fewer calories than is fat tissue. his fat cells have decreased in number.
A) B) ) !) ")
0.Dbesity in mice has been traced to a gene for producing: serotonin. epinephrine. leptin. estrogen. cortisol.
2.@hich of the following suggestions would be the worst advice for a dieter A) E(inimi*e your eposure to tempting foods.F B) EAccompany your diet with a sustained eercise program.F ) EAvoid consumption of soft drinks and alcoholic beverages.F
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EAvoid eating during the day so you can en=oy a big meal in the evening.F E6educe your weight gradually over a period of many months.F
A) B) ) !) ")
4.The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of: moral integrity. self$consciousness. behavioral consistency. self$actuali*ation. gender identity.
A) B) ) !) ")
5.(ark typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner. handler usually becomes agitated. The reactions of (ark and handler indicate that each has a distinctive: reaction formation. collective unconscious. Dedipus comple. self$serving bias. personality.
A) B) ) !) ")
08.The belief that some distressing physical symptoms could not be read ily eplained in terms of neurological impairments contributed most directly to: Allport's interest in personality traits. reud's interest in unconscious conflicts. (aslow's interest in self$actuali*ation. Bandura's interest in personal control. 6ogers' interest in unconditional positive regard.
A) B) ) !) ")
01.reud believed that certain troubling symptoms could be traced to painful unconscious memories. This led him to suspect that these symptoms resulted from: genetic defects. an inferiority comple. psychological processes. an internal locus of control. reciprocal determinism.
A) B) ) !) ")
0#.ree association is central to the process of: factor analysis. self$serving bias. psychoanalysis. reciprocal determinism. unconditional positive regard.
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A) B) ) !) ")
0%.@hich of the following techni+ues was reud most likely to use in an attempt to discover the hidden conflicts underlying his patients' symptoms factor analysis free association pro=ective testing fiation unconditional positive regard
A) B) ) !) ")
0&.;n suggesting that the mind is like an iceberg reud was most clearly emphasi*ing the importance of the: ego. superego. instincts. unconscious. psychoseual stages.
A) B) ) !) ")
0.@ho emphasi*ed that slips of the tongue often reveal the personality dynamics that contribute to psychological disorders Allport reud Bandura (aslow 6ogers
A) B) ) !) ")
00.A psychotherapist instructs !ane to rela close his eyes and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a techni+ue known as: fiation. free association. factor analysis. hypnosis. pro=ection.
A) B) ) !) ")
02.orgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by reud to be: displaced. pro=ected. preconscious. fiated. unconscious.
/age 1%
A) B) ) !) ")
04.According to reud the unconscious is: the part of personality that cannot process information. the thoughts wishes feelings and memories of which we are largely unaware. a set of universal concepts ac+uired by all humans from our common past. a reservoir of deeply repressed memories that does not affect behavior. the personality structure that abides by the reality principle.
A) B) ) !) ")
05.@hich of the following techni+ues did reud use to discover the latent content of his patients' dreams fiation factor analysis pro=ective testing free association the Barnum effect
A) B) ) !) ")
28.reud believed that -------- were the Eroyal road to the unconscious.F pro=ective tests dreams erogenous *ones psychoseual stages hypnotic trances
A) B) ) !) ")
21.@hen #$year$old (atthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. reud would have suggested that (atthew was unable to resist the demands of his: superego. collective unconscious. ego. id. Dedipus comple.
A) B) ) !) ")
2#."go is to id as -------- is to --------. unconscious7 conscious biology7 morality reality principle7 pleasure principle regression7 repression self$serving bias7 self$esteem
2%.@hen 10$year$old afe* received a large inheritance from his grandfather he was tempted to purchase an epensive new car. e decided instead to deposit all the money
/age 1&
A) B) ) !) ")
into a savings account for his college education. afe* shows signs of a: weak superego. weak id. strong collective unconscious. strong ego. strong self$serving bias.
A) B) ) !) ")
2&.According to reud the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the: collective unconscious. ego. self$concept. id. superego.
A) B) ) !) ")
2.o matter how long and hard 9erae studies she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have. A reudian psychologist would suggest that 9erae shows signs of a: weak id. weak ego. weak superego. strong id. strong superego.
A) B) ) !) ")
20.Bruce wants to be a loving husband but at the same time wants to epress his disgust for some of his wife's habits. According to reud Bruce's -------- might enable h im to partially satisfy both desires. actuali*ed self collective unconscious superego Dedipus comple ego
A) B) ) !) ")
22.According to reud understanding how the id ego and superego interact is essential to grasping the nature of: self$actuali*ation. the collective unconscious. reciprocal determinism. motivational conflict. an inferiority comple.
24.According to reud's theory the behavior of a newborn is controlled b y:
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A) B) ) !) ")
the reality principle. the ego. the superego. the id. anal instincts.
A) B) ) !) ")
25.Gatrinka habitually makes nasty hostile comments about her teachers. reud would have suggested that her behavior illustrates the powerful influence of the: collective unconscious. superego. ego. id. Dedipus comple.
A) B) ) !) ")
48.The pleasure principle is to the -------- as the reality principle is to the --------. oral stage7 anal stage id7 superego id7 ego Dedipus comple7 "lectra comple conscious7 unconscious
A) B) ) !) ")
41.According to reud's theory the ego: is the eecutive part of personality. develops before the id. operates on the pleasure principle. is the ma=or source of guilt feelings. operates only on a conscious level.
A) B) ) !) ")
4#.@hile attending college ?aeb impulsively and carelessly spends all his time and money on Ewine women and song.F reud would have suggested that ?aeb shows signs of a,n): strong ego. inferiority comple. weak id. "lectra comple. weak superego.
4%.Although >arth wants to interact seually with his girlfriend he also wants to avoid premarital se. reud would have suggested that both desires might be partially satisfied by >arth's: A) ego. B) pro=ections.
/age 10
) !) ")
id. superego. Dedipus comple.
A) B) ) !) ")
4&.!uring the early psychoseual stages the id's psychic energy is focused on: free associations. defense mechanisms. erogenous *ones. attributional styles. complees.
A) B) ) !) ")
4.Two$year$old !amien fre+uently refuses to obey his parents because he derives immense pleasure from demonstrating his independence from their control. reud would have suggested that !amien is going through the -------- stage of development. phallic anal genital latency oral
A) B) ) !) ")
40.According to reud the most important erogenous *one during earliest infancy consists of the: eyes. mouth. bowels. breasts. urethra.
A) B) ) !) ")
42.reud suggested that in the process of development people pass through: a genital stage before they enter a latency stage. a latency stage before they enter a phallic stage. a genital stage before they enter a phallic stage. a latency stage before they enter a genital stage. a phallic stage before they enter an oral stage.
A) B) ) !)
44.According to reud children develop unconscious seual desires for the parent of the opposite se during the -------- stage. oral genital phallic anal
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latency
A) B) ) !) ")
45.A boy's seual desires for his mother and feelings of hostility toward his father constitute what reud called: reaction formation. the Dedipus comple. reciprocal determinism. an oral fiation. displacement.
A) B) ) !) ")
58.Boris does not like chemistry but he has chosen it as his college ma=or simply to prove that he is =ust as smart as his father who is an outstanding chemist. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Boris suffers from an unresolved: oral fiation. free association. eternal locus of control. Dedipus comple. pro=ection.
A) B) ) !) ")
51.reud suggested that the superego develops through the process of: self$actuali*ation. fiation. free association. reciprocal determinism. identification.
A) B) ) !) ")
5#.reud emphasi*ed that unresolved childhood conflicts often lead to: reciprocal determinism. the self$reference phenomenon. unconditional positive regard. an eternal locus of control. fiation.
A) B) ) !) ")
5%.;ngrid is a married woman who pursues seual gratification by means of kissing rather than through seual intercourse. According to reud this illustrates a,n): Dedipus comple. self$serving bias. fiation. pro=ection. rationali*ation.
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A) B) ) !) ")
5&.Byron is always looking to others for advice approval and affection. According to the psychoanalytic perspective Byron is most likely fiated at the -------- stage. phallic anal latency genital oral
A) B) ) !) ")
5.According to psychoanalytic theory boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with: an oral fiation. free association. learned helplessness. the Dedipus comple. the genital stage.
A) B) ) !) ")
50.Dne night after he heard his parents arguing &$year$old @ei had a vivid dream in which he saved his mother from being bitten by a large snake. A psychoanalyst would most likely suspect that @ei's dream reflects a,n): oral fiation. reaction formation. selfserving bias. Dedipus comple. eternal locus of control.
A) B) ) !) ")
52.reud suggested that the process of identification is most directly responsible for the development of: the Dedipus comple. free association. the superego. erogenous *ones. an inferiority comple.
A) B) ) !) ")
54.reud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure$seeking energies at an earlier psychoseual stage as: reaction formation. pro=ection. fiation. displacement. repression.
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A) B) ) !) ")
55.reud suggested that orally fiated adults are especially likely to ehibit: passive dependence. an inferiority comple. an "lectra comple. the self$reference phenomenon. messiness and disorgani*ation.
188.@hen she was 4 years old ;nge was seually abused by her uncle. At 1& ;nge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that ;nge is using the defense mechanism of: A) repression. B) reaction formation. ) rationali*ation. !) regression. ") displacement.
181.reud suggested that slips of the tongue illustrate an incomplete: A) fiation. B) displacement. ) rationali*ation. !) pro=ection. ") repression.
18#.reud would have suggested that an ecessive fiation is most likely to contribute to: A) reaction formation. B) regression. ) learned helplessness. !) an "lectra comple. ") self$serving bias.
18%./arents who disguise hostility toward their children by becoming ove rly protective of them are very likely using the defense mechanism of: A) pro=ection. B) regression. ) rationali*ation. !) reaction formation. ") displacement.
18&.The defense mechanism by which people disguise threatening impulses by attributing
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A) B) ) !) ")
them to others is called: pro=ection. displacement. fiation. reaction formation. rationali*ation.
18.(rs. ?mith who is @hite and unconsciously in favor of racial segregation tells her friends that most Blacks prefer to live in residential neighborhoods inhabited predominantly by Blacks. According to psychoanalytic theory (rs. ?mith best illustrates: A) fiation. B) reaction formation. ) pro=ection. !) displacement. ") regression.
180.The defense mechanism in which self$=ustifying eplanations replace the real unconscious reasons for actions is: A) pro=ection. B) reaction formation. ) rationali*ation. !) displacement. ") identification.
182.(elissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better coo k than she. 6ecently she refused his offer to prepare dinner because said she EHou could better spend the time playing with our kids.F (elissa's comment best illustrates: A) regression. B) pro=ection. ) rationali*ation. !) displacement. ") reaction formation.
184.@hile /rofessor >ome* was going through a painful divorce he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an eample of: A) reaction formation. B) rationali*ation. ) displacement. !) pro=ection. ") regression.
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185./sychoanalytic theory suggests that the ego disguises threatening impulses and reduces aniety by means of: A) free association. B) self$actuali*ation. ) unconditional positive regard. !) defense mechanisms. ") learned helplessness.
118.According to reud the defense mechanism that underlies all others is: A) regression. B) reaction formation. ) pro=ection. !) displacement. ") repression.
111.reud suggested that a man's inability to remember his childhood Dedipus comple illustrates: A) rationali*ation. B) fiation. ) repression. !) displacement. ") pro=ection.
11#.Although amile has detailed memories of her high school eperiences she remembers very little about the boyfriend who abruptly broke off their marriage engagement. According to psychoanalytic theory it appears that amile is using the defense mechanism of: A) reaction formation. B) regression. ) repression. !) displacement. ") pro=ection.
11%.oping with aniety by retreating to behavior patterns characteristic of an earlier more infantile stage of development is called: A) fiation. B) pro=ection. ) reaction formation. !) regression. ") displacement.
/age ##
11&.or several months after he lost the =ob he had held for nearly #8 years (r. Illomi fre+uently lost his temper and suffered periodic crying spells. is behavior is most clearly an eample of: A) displacement. B) an Dedipus comple. ) reaction formation. !) regression. ") pro=ection.
11.@hich defense mechanism involves the conscious epression of feelings that are the opposite of unconscious feelings A) regression B) pro=ection ) rationali*ation !) reaction formation ") displacement
110.A religious leader who attempts to overcome his hidden doubts with intense epressions of spiritual certainty illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of: A) reaction formation. B) pro=ection. ) regression. !) displacement. ") fiation.
112.As her parents became increasingly more abusive toward her Amity began with apparent sincerity to emphatically epress her great admiration for her parents. Amity's behavior illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of: A) regression. B) pro=ection. ) displacement. !) rationali*ation. ") reaction formation.
114.Although "duardo has repressed his own homoseual desires he is distressed by a false suspicion that many men fre+uently stare lustfully at his body. According to psychoanalytic theory "duardo's thinking best illustrates: A) displacement. B) regression. ) pro=ection.
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reaction formation. rationali*ation.
115.Inconsciously motivated by miserliness (r. 6io=a refused to send his son money to buy the books he needs for his college courses. ;n defending his actions (r. 6io=a eplained that Eparental financial aid prevents teenagers from developing into mature independent adults.F (r. 6io=a's eplanation is an eample of: A) fiation. B) rationali*ation. ) pro=ection. !) displacement. ") reaction formation.
1#8.!isplacement refers to the process by which people: A) offer self$=ustifying eplanations in place of real but unacceptable unconscious reasons for action. B) consciously epress feelings that are the opposite of unacceptable unconscious impulses. ) disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others. !) retreat to behavior patterns characteristic of an earlier stage of development. ") redirect aggressive or seual impulses toward less threatening targets.
1#1.?hortly after receiving a traffic ticket for speeding red made nu merous hostile comments to his wife about the incompetence of women drivers. red's comments illustrate most clearly the defense mechanism of: A) reaction formation. B) rationali*ation. ) identification. !) displacement. ") repression.
1##.asina was an abused child7 as an adult she is homeless and s+uanders any money she can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler would have suggested that asina suffers from: A) an "lectra comple. B) the spotlight effect. ) an oral fiation. !) feelings of inferiority. ") the Barnum effect.
1#%.Garen orney a prominent neo$reudian disputed reud's assumption that women: A) have weak superegos.
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B) ) !) ")
suffer an "lectra comple. often eperience learned helplessness. have stronger seual instincts than men. never eperience a phallic stage of development.
1#&.@hich neo$reudian theorist emphasi*ed the influence of the collective unconscious in personality development A) Cung B) Adler ) orney !) (aslow ") Bandura
1#.@hich neo$reudian theorist emphasi*ed that personality development is strongly influenced by feelings of inferiority A) Cung B) Allport ) orney !) (aslow ") Adler
1#0.arl Cung emphasi*ed the importance of -------- in personality functioning. A) social interest B) inferiority feelings ) psychoseual stages !) the collective unconscious ") unconditional positive regard
1#2.eline recently had a vivid dream that was strikingly similar to an ancient but unfamiliar religious myth. This coincidence would have been of particular interest to: A) Adler. B) 6ogers. ) Allport. !) Cung. ") orney.
1#4.enry (urray found that children's perceptions of photographs were biased by their previous participation in a frightening game. Their perceptual reactions most clearly highlighted the potential value of: A) pro=ective tests. B) free association.
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) !) ")
unconditional positive regard. reciprocal determinism. an internal locus of control.
1#5.(r. !utoit was asked by his psychotherapist to look at some ambiguous pictures and make up a story about each. (r. !utoit was most likely taking the: A) TAT. B) (yers$Briggs Type ;ndicator. ) ((/;. !) /ersonal Drientation ;nventory. ") 6orschach test.
1%8.Tests that present ambiguous stimuli designed to uncover hidden personality dynamics are called -------- tests. A) empirical B) pro=ective ) multiphasic personality !) factor analytic ") aptitude
1%1.The Thematic Apperception Test re+uires people to respond to: A) incomplete sentences. B) ambiguous pictures. ) unfamiliar melodies. !) meaningless inkblots. ") focus +uestions.
1%#.6ona was asked by her psychotherapist to describe what she saw in 18 ambiguous inkblots. 6ona was most likely responding to a,n) -------- test. A) pro=ective B) Thematic Apperception ) multiphasic personality !) aptitude ") empirically derived
1%%.Twelve$year$old awley demonstrates a strongly masculine sense of self$identity even though he was raised without a father or father substitute. This fact represents the most serious threat to -------- theory of personality. A) (aslow's B) reud's ) Bandura's
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!) ")
6ogers' Allport's
1%&.?urvivors of traumatic events such as rape or attempted murder are often haunted by persistent and vivid memories of this eperience. This most clearly serves to challenge reud's concept of: A) free association. B) learned helplessness. ) motivational conflict. !) repression. ") fiation.
1%.?urvivors' memories of a*i death camp eperiences most clearly challenge reud's concept of: A) fiation. B) repression. ) the Dedipus comple. !) motivational conflict. ") learned helplessness.
1%0.According to terror$management theory aniety about our own mortality motivates our pursuit of: A) self$esteem. B) parallel processing. ) reciprocal determinism. !) the collective unconscious. ") an eternal locus of control.
1%2./eople who cheat on their taes are especially likely to think many others do as well. This false consensus effect is most similar to reud's concept of: A) displacement. B) reaction formation. ) regression. !) pro=ection. ") fiation.
1%4.The humanistic perspective emphasi*ed the importance of: A) the self$reference phenomenon. B) self$determination. ) reciprocal determinism. !) factor analysis.
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free association.
1%5.@hich theorist emphasi*ed that an individual's personal growth is promoted b y interactions with others who are genuine accepting and empathic A) Allport B) Cung ) 6ogers !) reud ") Bandura
1&8.(rs. ?unstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their children's feelings and should honestly disclose their own inner feelings to their children. er approach to parentchild interaction was most eplicitly recommended by: A) Bandura. B) Allport. ) reud. !) 6ogers. ") Cung.
1&1.arl 6ogers suggested that the -------- is a central feature of personality. A) collective unconscious B) Dedipus comple ) inferiority comple !) Barnum effect ") self$concept
1&#.arl 6ogers emphasi*ed that a positive self$concept is promoted by: A) an eternal locus of control. B) unconditional positive regard. ) collective unconscious. !) reciprocal determinism. ") free association.
1&%.9amont has fre+uently been rebellious inconsiderate and self$centered yet the pastor of his local church has always accepted and respected him. The pastor's attitude toward 9amont is most eplicitly recommended by: A) reud. B) (aslow. ) 6ogers. !) Bandura. ") Adler.
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1&&.;n assessing a client's personal growth arl 6ogers measured the correspondence between: A) the pleasure principle and the reality principle. B) ideal self and actual self. ) the client's values and the therapist's values. !) internal locus of control and eternal locus of control. ") introversion and etroversion.
1&.(aslow most clearly inter=ected his own personal values into his study of self$actuali*ed individuals by: A) selectively studying people with +ualities he admired. B) interpreting their flattering self$descriptions as a self$serving bias. ) overemphasi*ing the value of their loyalty to cultural norms. !) using pro=ective tests to assess their motives. ") using free association and dream analysis.
1&0.umanistic psychologists would most likely be critici*ed for underestimating the value of: A) an internal locus of control. B) self$serving bias. ) social influence. !) the spotlight effect. ") individualism.
1&2.(orris is hostile aggressive and socially destructive. According to arl 6ogers this behavior pattern results from: A) reciprocal determinism. B) cultural influences. ) the collective unconscious. !) inborn personality traits. ") an internal locus of control.
1&4.The (yersBriggs Type ;ndicator classifies people according to personality types identified by: A) >ordon Allport. B) arl Cung. ) Albert Bandura. !) arl 6ogers. ") Abraham (aslow.
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1&5.The (yers$Briggs Type ;ndicator labels a person who is sympathetic appreciative and tactful as a,n) -------- type. A) thinking B) =udging ) feeling !) intuitive ") perceiving
18.The ancient >reeks suggested that there was a strong relationship between four different personality types and: A) lunar cycles. B) brain structures. ) divine spirits. !) ocean tides. ") bodily fluids.
11.@hich of the following tests characteristically describes personality in flattering terms A) 6orschach inkblot test B) "ysenck /ersonality Juestionnaire ) (yers$Briggs Type ;ndicator !) ((/; ") TAT
1#.(artin is optimistic impulsive ecitable and restless. ;n terms of the "ysencks' basic personality dimensions he would be classified as: A) eternal$dependent. B) manic$depressive. ) unstable$etraverted. !) passive$aggressive. ") internal$mesomorphic.
1%.oretta is +uiet pessimistic anious and moody. ;n terms of the "ysencks' basic personality dimensions she would be classified as: A) unstable$introverted. B) internal$impulsive. ) manic$depressive. !) eternal$dependent. ") passive$aggressive.
1&.The tendency to accept favorable descriptions of one's personality that could really be
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A) B) ) !) ")
applied to almost anyone is known as: the halo effect. the Barnum effect. pro=ection. the self$reference phenomenon. unconditional positive regard.
1.rida was informed by a professional palm reader: EHou generally communicate openly with others but you have certain dark secrets that even your closest friends could never guess.F The fact that rida was impressed by the palm reader's insight into her personality best illustrates: A) the self$reference phenomenon. B) the Barnum effect. ) the spotlight effect. !) an eternal locus of control. ") unconditional positive regard.
10.;n convincing people that they can accurately assess their personalities astrologers palm readers and graphologists take advantage of: A) the spotlight effect. B) the self$reference phenomenon. ) the Barnum effect. !) free association. ") factor analysis.
12.As personality descriptions become more positive the Barnum effect becomes stronger. This best illustrates: A) the spotlight effect. B) unconditional positive regard. ) self$serving bias. !) an eternal locus of control. ") attributional style.
14.A personality inventory that utili*es only those items that have been shown to differentiate particular groups of people is called a,n) -------- test. A) factor analytic B) self$report ) aptitude !) pro=ective ") empirically derived
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15.A person who is careless and disorgani*ed most clearly ranks low on the Big ive trait dimension of: A) emotional stability. B) etraversion. ) openness. !) agreeableness. ") conscientiousness.
108.A person who is helpful and trusting most clearly ranks high on the Big ive trait dimension known as: A) emotional stability. B) etraversion. ) openness. !) agreeableness. ") conscientiousness.
101.@alter (ischel's studies of college students' conscientiousness revealed only a modest relationship between a student being conscientious on one occasion and being similarly conscientious on another occasion. According to (ischel this should make psychologists more cautious about emphasi*ing the consistency of: A) repression. B) self$efficacy. ) personality traits. !) reciprocal determinism. ") unconditional positive regard.
10#.?heen is usually animated and talkative when he is with his girlfriend but he is often +uiet and reserved at home. e actively participates in many classroom discussions but fre+uently seems reluctant to talk with friends at the campus coffee shop. According to @alter (ischel ?heen's behavior should lead us to +uestion the consistency of: A) personality traits. B) self$actuali*ation. ) reciprocal determinism. !) defense mechanisms. ") self$efficacy.
10%.Brenda has never cheated on a psychology test but she often does so on chemistry tests. ?he recently stole some merchandise from a local store but she also returned a lost billfold along with K#4 to its rightful owner. @alter (ischel would have suggested that this pattern of behavior should make psychologists more cautious about emphasi*ing the consistency of: A) personality traits.
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B) ) !) ")
personal control. defense mechanisms. reciprocal determinism. unconditional positive regard.
10&./eople's scores on personality tests often fail to predict their behavior in a real$life situation. According to @alter (ischel this should make us more cautious about emphasi*ing the consistency of: A) self$efficacy. B) personality traits. ) reciprocal determinism. !) unconditional positive regard. ") self$actuali*ation.
10.?hort segments of surgeon$patient conversations were filtered to make the speech unintelligible while preserving its intonation pitch and rhythm. 9isteners' ability to use this limited information to accurately assess which surgeons had been sued illustrated the potency of the surgeons': A) attributional style. B) self$esteem. ) epressive style. !) self$serving bias.
100.The humanistic perspective is to (aslow as the social$cognitive perspective is to: A) Allport. B) 6ogers. ) Adler. !) Bandura. ") Cung.
102.According to Bandura reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among: A) mind body and behavior. B) thoughts emotions and actions. ) behaviors internal personal factors and environmental events. !) id ego and superego. ") learned helplessness locus of control and optimism.
104.6andy's substandard academic performance is both a result and a cause of his feelings of academic inferiority. This best illustrates the importance of: A) self$serving bias.
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B) ) !) ")
the Barnum effect. reciprocal determinism. the self$reference phenomenon. reaction formation.
105.Analena's refusal to purchase fattening snacks at the grocery store is both a cause and a conse+uence of her superior dietary self$control. This best illustrates the importance of: A) the spotlight effect. B) reciprocal determinism. ) an eternal locus of control. !) the self$reference phenomenon. ") an optimistic personality.
128.Because she is often re=ected by her parents ?ally mistrusts other people and treats them with hostility which leads to their re=ection of her. This cycle of re=ection mistrust hostility and further re=ection illustrates what is meant by: A) an eternal locus of control. B) the spotlight effect. ) the self$serving phenomenon. !) reaction formation. ") reciprocal determinism.
121.Because (r. (aloney trusts his employees he treats them very kindly. is kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf which in turn increases his trust in them. This pattern of trust kindness diligence and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by: A) reaction formation. B) the spotlight effect. ) displacement. !) eternal locus of control. ") reciprocal determinism.
12#.Because >reta is an etravert she fre+uently goes to parties where she is encouraged to laugh and sociali*e with her friends. Because Cim is an introvert he fre+uently spends weekends in the library where it's easy to +uietly reflect and study. >reta and Cim best illustrate what is meant by: A) an eternal locus of control. B) reciprocal determinism. ) the self$reference phenomenon. !) the Barnum effect. ") reaction formation.
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12%.@ithin the framework of Bandura's reciprocal determinism an eternal locus of control refers to a,n): A) behavior. B) genetic predisposition. ) environmental factor. !) cognitive factor. ") defense mechanism.
12&.The perception that one's fate is determined by luck reflects: A) reciprocal determinism. B) selfserving bias. ) an eternal locus of control. !) the pleasure principle. ") the spotlight effect.
12.?asha believes that the +uestions on college tests are so unrelated to course work that studying is useless. ?asha's belief most clearly illustrates: A) reciprocal determinism. B) the false consensus effect. ) an eternal locus of control. !) the spotlight effect. ") the Barnum effect.
120.9aura fails to recogni*e any connection between her unsafe seual practices and the likelihood of contracting a seually transmitted infection. 9aura's lack o f perceptiveness best illustrates the dangers of: A) free association. B) the self$reference phenomenon. ) the spotlight effect. !) an eternal locus of control. ") unconditional positive regard.
122."mma believes that she will succeed in business if she works hard and carefully manages her time. er belief most clearly illustrates: A) reaction formation. B) reciprocal determinism. ) unconditional positive regard. !) the self$reference phenomenon. ") an internal locus of control.
124.An individual who perceives an internal locus of control would most likely show signs of
125.Culio believes that no matter how hard he works the EsystemF is so biased against his ethnic group that he will be unable to achieve economic success. Culio's thinking most clearly demonstrates: A) displacement. B) reaction formation. ) the self$reference phenomenon. !) an eternal locus of control. ") the spotlight effect.
148.orbett refuses to take reasonable precautions to protect his hea lth because he believes good health is =ust a matter of luck anyway. orbett's attitude best illustrates: A) the Barnum effect. B) an eternal locus of control. ) self$serving bias. !) the self$reference phenomenon. ") reciprocal determinism.
141.The perception that one can strongly influence the outcome and destiny of one's own life eemplifies: A) the self$reference phenomenon. B) the spotlight effect. ) the reality principle. !) an internal locus of control. ") reciprocal determinism.
14#./aula epects that diligent study will enable her to earn good grades on her tests. /aula's belief best illustrates: A) self$serving bias. B) the spotlight effect. ) an "lectra comple. !) unconditional positive regard. ") an internal locus of control.
14%.9earned helplessness is most likely to result from:
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A) B) ) !) ")
a self$serving bias. an eternal locus of control. the false consensus effect. the self$reference phenomenon. an Dedipus comple.
14&.!ogs strapped into a harness and given repeated and unavoidable shocks developed: A) a fiation. B) a reaction formation. ) learned helplessness. !) the false consensus effect. ") unrealistic optimism.
14.6esearchers have observed that the eperience of repeated uncontrollable traumatic events contributes to: A) the false consensus effect. B) learned helplessness. ) the self$reference phenomenon. !) an internal locus of control. ") reaction formation.
140.
142.After eperiencing inescapable brutalities as a prisoner in a a *i concentration camp (r. ?ternberg became apathetic stopped eating and gave up all efforts to physically survive the ordeal. (r. ?ternberg's reaction most clearly illustrates: A) an inferiority comple. B) the self$reference phenomenon. ) learned helplessness. !) an internal locus of control. ") reaction formation.
144.9earned helplessness is most likely to promote: A) collectivism. B) unconditional positive regard.
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) !) ")
an internal locus of control. the spotlight effect. pessimism.
145.The best indicator of a person's level of optimism is his or her: A) ideal self. B) gender identity. ) attributional style. !) unconditional positive regard. ") self$esteem.
158.The trait of optimism is most closely related to a strong sense of: A) conditional positive regard. B) free association. ) reciprocal determinism. !) personal control. ") gender identity.
151.;n order to assess how optimistic or pessimistic your classmates are you would be best advised to discover: A) how old they epect to be at the time of their death. B) what grades they anticipate receiving in future courses. ) how they eplain their academic failures financial setbacks and relationship difficulties. !) how much financial debt they are willing to incur in order to complete their education. ") how many people they consider to be their close friends.
15#.(ost late adolescents perceive themselves as less vulnerable than their peers to the A;!? virus. This best illustrates: A) repression. B) the spotlight effect. ) reaction formation. !) unrealistic optimism. ") an eternal locus of control.
15%.Inrealistic optimism could best be described as a,n): A) self$serving bias. B) reaction formation. ) fiation. !) self$reference phenomenon.
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")
eternal locus of control.
15&.?eually active undergraduate women perceive themselves as much less likely to eperience an unwanted pregnancy than other women at their university. This best illustrates: A) an "lectra comple. B) low self$esteem. ) displacement. !) the spotlight effect. ") unrealistic optimism.
15.(artin ?eligman advocates a positive psychology which focuses on topics such as: A) optimism. B) pro=ection. ) the Barnum effect. !) eternal locus of control. ") free association.
150.The social$cognitive perspective suggests that the best way to predict a political candidate's performance effectiveness after election is to assess that individual's: A) current feelings of personal control. B) specific political goals for the future. ) general feelings of optimism about the future. !) past performance in situations involving similar responsibilities. ") personality traits as revealed by the ((/;.
152.9arry studies diligently because he is haunted by an image of himself being unable to get a =ob after graduation. 9arry's diligence best illustrates the motivational impact of: A) an internal locus of control. B) unconditioned positive regard. ) learned helplessness. !) possible selves. ") the spotlight effect.
154.(edical students earn higher grades if they have a clear vision of themselves as successful doctors. This best illustrates the motivational significance of: A) possible selves. B) unconditional positive regard. ) self$serving bias. !) an internal locus of control. ") the spotlight effect.
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155.@hen /rofessor (cGay nervously began teaching a university class for the first time he overestimated the etent to which his students would notice that he was anious. is reaction best illustrates: A) self$serving bias. B) an "lectra comple. ) the spotlight effect. !) the self$reference phenomenon. ") reciprocal determinism.
#88.Dverestimating the etent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called: A) eternal locus of control. B) self$serving bias. ) reaction formation. !) the spotlight effect. ") fiation.
#81.;ndividuals with high self$esteem are more likely than those with low self$esteem to: A) work persistently at difficult tasks. B) eperience an eternal locus of control. ) dismiss flattering descriptions of themselves as untrue. !) underestimate the accuracy of their own beliefs. ") associate with people whose attitudes and personality are very similar to their own.
#8#.9ow self$esteem is associated with: A) an internal locus of control. B) self$serving bias. ) unhappiness. !) unconditional positive regard. ") etraversion.
#8%./eople with high self$esteem are less likely than those with low self$esteem to: A) eperience an internal locus of control. B) overestimate the accuracy of their beliefs. ) manifest self$serving bias. !) succumb to conformity pressures. ") have a strong ego.
#8&.A person whose self$esteem is momentarily threatened is especially likely to:
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A) B) ) !) ")
demonstrate an independence from social pressure to conform. critici*e the shortcomings of others. lack a clear sense of gender identity. eperience an internal locus of control. be motivated by a desire for self$actuali*ation.
#8.By comparing themselves to members of their own ethnic group minorities are most likely to maintain their: A) self$esteem. B) free association. ) attributional style. !) eternal locus of control. ") self$serving bias.
#80.Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates: A) an "lectra comple. B) learned helplessness. ) the spotlight effect. !) self$serving bias. ") the Barnum effect.
#82.6esearch on self$perception indicates that most people: A) suffer etensively from feelings of unrealistically low self$esteem. B) feel more personally responsible for their failures than for their successes. ) view themselves very favorably in comparison to most others. !) underestimate the accuracy of their beliefs and =udgments. ") are unrealistically pessimistic about their personal future.
#84.;n one survey Americans were more optimistic that they themselves would go to h eaven than would either (ichael Cordan or Bill linton. This best illustrates: A) the Barnum effect. B) the self$reference phenomenon. ) the spotlight effect. !) self$serving bias. ") an internal locus of control.
#85.Although 6olf fre+uently cheats on classroom tests he =ustifies his behavior b y erroneously thinking that most other students cheat even more than he does. is mistaken belief best illustrates: A) reciprocal determinism. B) the spotlight effect.
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) !) ")
reaction formation. an eternal locus of control. selfserving bias.
#18.@hich of the following is most likely to be associated with high self$esteem A) the spotlight effect B) an "lectra comple ) self$serving bias !) an eternal locus of control ") reciprocal determinism
#11.The tendency to accept more personal responsibility for one's successes than for o ne's failures best illustrates: A) reaction formation. B) an eternal locus of control. ) self$serving bias. !) the self$reference phenomenon. ") the spotlight effect.
#1#.(r. arlson is a politician who credits his past election victories to his own effective communication and hard work7 he attributes his past election losses to factors beyond his control. is assessments best illustrate: A) reciprocal determinism. B) the Barnum effect. ) reaction formation. !) self$serving bias. ") the spotlight effect.
#1%.;n national surveys most business eecutives say they are more ethical than their average counterpart. This best illustrates: A) reaction formation. B) an eternal locus of control. ) the spotlight effect. !) self$serving bias. ") reciprocal determinism.
#1&.@hen people compare themselves with others they are most likely to eperience: A) the Barnum effect. B) an eternal locus of control. ) the spotlight effect. !) high self$esteem.
