Test Bank for Earth Science 14th Edition by Tarbuck

Exam Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. question. 1) What are the basic differences differences between the the disciplines of physical and historical historical geology? A) Physical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, fossils, and deposition in relation to plate plate movements in the geologic past; historical geology charts how and where the plates were moving in the past. B) Historical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, fossils, and geologic events, utilizing utilizing the geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and of how erosion shapes the land surface. C) Physical geology is the study study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology geology is the study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past. D) None of the above—physical geology and historical historical geology are essentially essentially the same.

1)

2) The study of Earth's atmosphere is known as ________. A) oc oceanography B) co cosmology C) as astronomy

2) D) me meteorology

3) Which science science is is not used not used within the Earth sciences? A) Mathemati Mathematics cs B) Physic Physicss C) Biol Biolog ogy y D) Chemis Chemistry try E) None of the above; Earth Science Science makes use of all of these these sciences.

3)

4) Oceanography is the study study of the oceans and geology is the study study of the earth, so what is meteorology? A) the study study of meteors meteors B) the study of how to be a TV newscaster C) the study study of the atmosph atmosphere ere D) the study of the Sun's Sun's impact on the upper atmosphere atmosphere

4)

5) Sedimentary rocks with marine fossils fossils are exposed at the top of Mt. Everest. Which scientists would make most use of this observation o bservation in their study? A) Astronomers, because because they can study how life came from outer space to to Earth B) Meteorologists, because because they could use the fossils as a guide to ancient ancient climates C) Oceanographers, because because the fossils can tell us about periods when the the earth was covered with water to the height of Mt. Everest D) Geologists, because their elevation elevation is related to physical geology and fossils are related to Earth history

5)

6) Hurricanes and tornados are natural natural disasters. disasters. What branch of the the Earth sciences sciences studies the origin of these phenomena? A) Me Meteorology B) Ge Geology C) Oc Oceanography D) As Astronomy

6)

7) Hurricanes are natural disasters. disasters. Which branch of the the Earth sciences sciences studies the impact of this this phenomenon on coastal environments? A) Me Meteorology B) Ge Geology C) Oc Oceanography D) As Astronomy

7)

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Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Earth-Sc -Bank-for-Earth-Science-14th-Editionience-14th-Edition-by-Tarbuck by-Tarbuck

8) Tsunamis and earthquakes earthquakes have killed millions of people people during human history. What branch of the Earth sciences is the main group that studies these phenomena? A) Me Meteorology B) Ge Geology C) Oc Oceanography D) As Astronomy

8)

9) If you want to buy a house in an area area and you are worried there there may be an earthquake earthquake hazard, who would be the best person to ask for advice on this hazard? A) an an astrologer B) a geologist C) a physicist D) a civil engineer

9)

10) The earth is estimated to to be approximately 4.6 4.6 billion years old. Life appeared early early in the history history of Earth, but metazoans (multicelled organisms) did not appear until about 600 million years ago. If the history of Earth were compressed into a single year, when would metazoans appear? A) la late January B) mi mid-December C) late September D) late November

10)

11) Which of the following would not typically be considered considered an Earth Science study? A) studies studies of volcanic eruptions eruptions B) studies of acid mine waters waters and the bacteria that live in those waters waters C) chemical chemical refining refining of petroleum petroleum D) studies of impact impact craters on the moon

11)

12) Clima Climate te change change is a well-known human problem and remains controversial despite widespread scientific agreement on the issue. issue. Although most scientists are familiar with with the issues, if you were a congressman and wanted an informed analysis of the problem, which of the following would be most likely to give you the most complete analysis? A) an astronome astronomerr B) a geologist with knowledge of astronomy C) a physi physicis cistt D) a meteorologist with knowledge of oceanography

12)

13) A ________ ________ is a well- tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain scientific observations. A) l a w B) theory C) hypothesis D) generalization

13)

14) The primary goal of Earth Science is ________. A) to protect protect the environment environment B) to identify the patterns in nature and use that information information to predict the future C) to locate locate resources resources D) to develop things that will benefit benefit mankind

14)

15) All of the following are possible steps steps of scientific investigation investigation except for ________. A) assumption of conclusions without without prior experimentation experimentation or observation B) development of observations observations and experiments to to test the hypotheses C) the collection of scientific facts through observation observation and measurement measurement D) the development of one or more working hypotheses or models models to explain facts

15)

16) Which of the the following following is not necessary not necessary for a hypothesis to be accepted by the scientific community? A) There must be alternative alternative hypotheses proposed. proposed. B) It must be based on observations observations or facts. C) It must predict something something other than the observations it was based based on. D) It must be be testable. testable.

16)

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17) The ________ explains how our solar system system probably formed from a giant cloud of gases and dispersed solid particles. A) nebular theory B) protogalactic theory C) planetary compression theory D) extrastellar solar hypothesis

17)

18) Which of the the following following is not a not a planet? A) Saturn B) Neptune

18) C) Venus

D) Europa

19) In the television series "Cosmos" the astronomer astronomer Carl Sagan used to say, "We are all made of star stuff." What did he mean mean by that? A) The earth has incorporated incorporated large amounts of chemical material from the solar wind, so our bodies carry this material. material. B) All of the chemical elements were formed during the big bang when the universe universe began, so we are like the stars. C) All of the chemical elements elements in our solar system system were forged in an ancient ancient star that went supernova. D) We all have to to potential to be stars.

19)

20) In the the proto proto-solar system nebula, gravity pulled matter together to form larger bodies. As they collided, what happened to these bodies? A) The objects broke apart to to form asteroids, much like like a neutron colliding with a heavy heavy atom produces fission. B) Oblique collisions caused caused individual bodies bodies to spin. C) Immense heat was released released within the colliding bodies bodies as gravitational potential potential energy was converted to heat. D) The objects temporarily temporarily broke apart and then reformed reformed into large objects, cooling rapidly rapidly during the breakup period.

20)

21) Light elements like hydrogen and helium form a large percentage percentage of the outer planets and Sun is made up primarily of hydrogen. Why are these elements nearly nearly absent from the inner planets? A) These light elements elements are blown away from the inner inner planets by the solar wind. B) Hydrogen and helium have all been bound up by chemical reactions reactions on the inner planets planets and are held in rock. C) It is a mystery mystery that has never been solved by science. science. D) The Sun captured all of the hydrogen during its formation. formation.

21)

22) Comets are made up primarily of ________. A) iron iron-nickel alloys B) frozen frozen hydroge hydrogen n C) frozen water, water, carbon dioxide, and methane D) silicate minerals, minerals, like rocks on Earth Earth

22)

23) The Oort cloud cloud is ________. ________. A) the outer solar system where planetesimals, planetesimals, rocky debris and comets orbit outside beyond beyond the outer planets but cross into the inner solar system at times B) another name for the inner solar system, just just before the Sun became hot enough for nuclear fusion C) an unusual type of cloud formed formed when meteorites meteorites strike the earth earth D) the astero asteroid id belt

23)

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24) The ________ refers to the sum total of all life on Earth. Earth. A) biosphere B) geosphere C) at atmosphere 25) The ________ refers refers to the water - dominated parts of the earth. A) hy hydrosphere B) bi biosphere C) at atmosphere 26) The largest of Earth's spheres spheres is the ________. ________. A) atmosphere B) biosphere

24) D) hydrosphere 25) D) ge geosphere 26)

C) ge geosphere

D) hydrosphere

27) Soil belongs belongs to the ________. ________. A) hydros hydrosphe phere re B) atm atmosp ospher heree C) biosph biosphere ere D) geosph geosphere ere E) All of the above

27)

28) The exchange of energy between the surface of the earth, earth, the atmosphere, and space causes ________. A) temperature B) topography C) gl glaciers D) weather

28)

29) In correct order from the the center outward, Earth Earth includes which units? units? A) inne innerr core core,, crus crust, t, mant antle, le, hydr hydros osph pher eree B) core core,, inn inner ma man ntle tle, out outer mant antle, le, cru crust C) inner core, outer core, mantle, crust D) core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere

29)

30) The composition of the earth's inner core is thought to to be ________. A) basalt B) solid iron- nickel alloy C) peridotite D) granite

30)

31) The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ________ of the earth. A) mantle B) outer core C) inner core

31)

32) The ________ is thought to be a liquid, liquid, metallic region in the earth's interior. A) lithosphere B) outer core C) in inner core 33) The ________ is the the thinnest layer layer of the earth. earth. A) crust B) mantle

D) crust 32) D) mantle 33)

C) outer core

34) The ________ forms the relatively relatively cool, brittle tectonic tectonic plates. A) as asthenosphere B) eo eosphere C) li lithosphere

D) inner core 34) D) as astrosphere

35) Which of the following energy sources sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's Earth's lithospheric plates? A) gravitational attractive attractive forces of the Sun and Moon B) electrical and magnetic magnetic fields localized localized in the inner inner core C) swirling movements of the molten iron particles in the outer core D) heat transfer between the earth's earth's interior and the surface of the earth

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35)

36) Convergent plate plate boundaries are ________. A) sites of supervolcanos like Yellowstone Yellowstone B) areas where two plates slide laterally past one another, another, generating earthquakes, like the San Andrea fault C) sites where cold, downgoing convective convective cells, the plates, plates, descent into the mantle mantle D) sites where heat from the earth's interior interior is vented to the surface as volcanos

36)

37) Oceanic crust crust is generated generated at ________. A) co c onvergent plate margins C) hot spots on th the se sea fl floor, li like Iceland

37) B) tr t ransform plate margins D) spreading ri ridges

38) Continental shields and platforms represent represent ________. A) names given to Paleozoic mountain belts belts B) sites where continents continents collide, analogous to warriors warriors clashing shields C) sedimentary basins with inland seas shaped like a shield, like Hudson's bay D) areas in the interior of continents that have not experienced experienced mountain building for billions of years

38)

39) Which of the following layers in the earth has the highest highest density? A) Lo Lower mantle B) As Asthenosphere C) Ou O uter Core

39) D) Li Lithosphere

40) The Andes Mountains in South South America are formed by by ________. A) back back- arc contraction B) co continental collision C) subduction D) sea floor spreading

40)

41) The Himalayan Mountains and adjacent adjacent Tibet are a mountain system formed by ________. A) back back- arc contraction B) sea floor spreading C) co continental collision D) subduction

41)

42) Which of the following is a reasonable approximation of the rate that plates move? A) the rate of growth of human hair or fingernails fingernails B) the speed speed a turtle turtle walks C) the speed speed of deep ocean current currentss D) the speed speed of a mountain glacier glacier

42)

43) What two chemical elements are most abundant in the deep deep interior of the earth? A) ma magnesium and oxygen B) ir iron and magnesium C) si silicon and oxygen D) hydrogen and helium

43)

44) A major cause of the differences in elevation between ocean basins basins and continents is ________. A) temperature B) density C) viscosity D) mass

44)

45) Ocean floor averages about about ________ km depth below sea level. level. A) 8 B) 2 C) 4

45) D) 6

46) Ocean crust is denser than continental continental crust because ocean crust is ________. A) composed primarily of granite B) thicker than continental crust C) thinner than continental crust D) composed primarily of basalt

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46)

47) Flat, stable areas of continental continental crust tend to to be located ________. A) along coastlines coastlines B) in the interior interior of continent continentss C) near desert desert regions regions D) in areas that receive large amounts of rainfall rainfall

47)

48) Major mountain belts belts on the earth earth are ________. A) made of granite because because it is low density and allows for maximum maximum growth B) over 10 km high C) located located around around the Pacific Pacific Ocean D) older than smaller mountain mountain belts because they have had enough time time to grow large

48)

49) Shield areas in continental continental interiors are characterized characterized by ________. A) ancient coastal regions that that have become abandoned and eroded eroded B) flat river valleys that that cut through older mountain mountain ranges C) linear chains of mountains less than 100 million years years old D) flat areas that include rocks older than 1 billion years years old

49)

50) Which of the the following following is not considered not considered to be part of a typical ocean basin? A) deep canyons B) large expanses of flat plains C) gr granitic intrusions D) a linear chain of volcanoes

50)

51) Deep ocean trenches typically are not located not located adjacent to ________. A) vo volcanic island arc chains B) ab abyssal plains C) young continental mountains D) transform plate boundaries

51)

52) Long oceanic mountain chains typically are characterized by ________. A) la l ayers of igneous rocks B) hi h ighly deformed sedimentary rocks C) rocks older than 1 billion years old D) granitic plutons and batholiths

52)

53) Active mountain belts are most likely to be found found ________. A) in the interior regions regions of continents continents B) along only the eastern eastern margins of continents C) along the margins margins of continen continents ts D) scattered throughout continents

53)

54) The continental shelf is located ________. A) landward landward of the continental continental slope B) seaward of the continental continental slope C) between the the continental slope and continental continental rise D) between the continental rise and the abyssal plains

54)

55) The most prominent features features on the ocean floor are the ________. A) oceanic ridges B) deep-ocean trenches C) lava plateaus D) seamounts

55)

56) A(n) ________ system is one in which energy moves freely in and out, but no matter enters or leaves the system. A) open B) feedback C) closed D) equilibrated

56)

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57) Mechanisms that enhance enhance or drive change are known as ________. A) closed feedback mechanisms B) negative feedback mechanisms C) open feedback mechanisms D) positive feedback mechanisms

57)

58) What is the source of the the energy that powers the Earth system? A) he heat from Earth's interior B) th the Sun C) both A and B D) none of the above

58)

59) Which of the the following following is not a not a system? A) the study study of minerals minerals B) the biosphere biosphere C) soil, plants, rock, soil organisms, and animals D) the Pacific Ocean and the west coast of North America America

59)

60) A mineralogist studies minerals minerals and their origins. A mineralogist studying the Earth system system would ________. A) do the same thing, studying studying minerals and their origins, as any other mineralogist mineralogist B) study how minerals influence influence organisms living on them, them, how they react with water water to produce soil forming minerals, or study how wind transports minerals as dust and influences climate C) study study how minerals minerals form rocks rocks D) Minerals can never be used to study the Earth system.

60)

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement statement or answers the question. Word Analysis. Examine Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern. 61) hypothesis 62) protosun 63) hydrosphere 64) crust 65) mo mountain belt 66) ab abyssal plain

theory Oort cloud biosphere mantle shield seamount

fact

observation

61)

planetesimals

meteorites

62 )

atmosphere

solid earth

63)

lithosphere

core

continental interior oceanic ridge

64 ) stable platform

continental crust

65) 66 )

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 67) The vast majority of Earth scientists are involved in either either extraction of mineral resources or energy.

67)

68) 68) Ear Earth Scie cience nce is the onl only scie scienc ncee that that doe doesn't sn't use mathe athema mati tics cs beyo beyond nd simp simple le arit arithm hmet etic ic..

68) 68)

69) Environmental science always involves a large component of Earth Science.

69)

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70) 70) Scie Scienc ncee is bas based ed on on the the assu assump mpti tion on tha thatt natu nature re beh behav aves es in in a cons consis iste tent nt and and pre predi dict ctab able le man manne ner. r.

70) 70)

71) Scientists only use measurements that are known to be reliable and accurate.

71)

72) A scientific theory is a tentative or untested untested explanation that is proposed to explain scientific observations.

72)

73) A scientific theory is the first step in developing an idea. It is not very well tested.

73)

74) Not all scientific hypotheses require real world observations. observations. Some are tested through computer computer modeling or some other non -direct observations.

74)

75) The "Big Bang" is an example of theory.

75)

76) The formation of the solar system system from a huge cloud of gases gases and dispersed particles particles is known as the solar galactic hypothesis.

76)

77) According to the nebular theory, all of the bodies in the universe evolved from a rotating rotating cloud of gases and dust about five billion years ago.

77)

78) There are places on the deepest parts of the ocean where no light penetrates penetrates that support colonies of life.

78)

79) Oceans cover slightly less than half of the earth's surface.

79 )

80) The lithosphere and as asthenosphere ar are layers of Earth de defined by by th their co composition.

80 )

81) 81) We can can tel telll a lot lot abo about ut the the iint nter erna nall proc proces esse sess in the the ear earth th by look lookin ing g at at the the exte exteri rior or of of the the eart earth. h.

81) 81)

82) The eart earth h is somet sometime imess called called "The "The Blue Blue Planet Planet"" becaus becausee the atm atmosp ospher heree appear appearss blue blue in sunli sunlight ght..

82)

83) 83) Inte Interrnall nally, y, the ear earth cons consis ists ts of sphe spherrical ical shell hellss wit with h dif diffe ferrent ent com compo possitio itions ns and and de densit nsitie ies. s.

83) 83)

84) The asthenosphere is the liquid layer in the upper mantle that the plates move on.

84 )

85) Lithospheric plates are the tops of convection cells and subduction subduction zones are the the downgoing part of the convection cell.

85)

86) The earth's core is entirely molten iron and convection of this molten mass generates generates the earth's magnetic field.

86)

87) Subduction zones are downgoing convection convection cells in the earth earth but only carry oceanic material material into the mantle.

87)

88) During the history of the earth there have been been periods when all the continents were together in a supercontinent.

88)

89) 89) Inte Interrnall nally, y, the ear earth cons consis ists ts of sphe spherrical ical shell hellss wit with h dif diffe ferrent ent com compo possitio itions ns and and de densit nsitie ies. s.

89) 89)

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90) The asthenosphere is a relatively cool and rigid shell that overlies the lithosphere.

90 )

91) Co Continents are, on average, about 2 km higher than sea level.

91 )

92) The waterline where the ocean meets the land is the boundary boundary between oceanic crust and continental crust.

92)

93) Shields and stable platforms are typically found in the interior regions of a continent.

93 )

94) Humans are not a part of the Earth System.

94 )

95) In an open system both energy and matter flow into and out of the system.

95 )

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement statement or answers the question. 96) Li L ist the two broad, traditional subject areas of geologic study.

96)

97) When a hypothesis has survived extensive extensive scrutiny and when competing ones have been eliminated, a hypothesis may be elevated to the status of a(n) ________.

97)

98) 98) The The thi thin, out outer laye layerr of Eart Earth, h, from from 7 to 40 km in thi thickne cknesss, is cal called led the ____ ______ ____ __..

98) 98)

99) The ________ is the relatively rigid zone above the asthenosphere that that includes the crust and upper mantle.

99)

100) The ________ is the solid, rocky shell between the crust and outer core.

100)

101) The convective flow of liquid, metallic metallic iron in the ________ is thought thought to generate Earth's Earth's magnetic field.

101)

102) Moving from the shoreline towards the deep - ocean basin, the continental margin includes the ________.

102)

103) The ________ is the most prominent feature on the ocean floor.

103)

104) 104) In nat natural ural syst ystems, ms, me mechan chanis ism ms tha thatt driv drivee or or enha enhanc ncee chan change ge are are cal calle led d ________ ______ __..

104) 104)

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. correct spelling, and the information presented in Chapter 1 to Critical Thinking and Discussion. Use complete sentences, correct answer the questions below. 105) Earth's physical environment is traditionally traditionally divided in the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and the solid Earth. Remembering the scientific method, why do you think that scientists tend to categorize and classify various features, phenomena, and characteristics characteristics of the natural world into groups or subdivisions? Also, are there potential pitfalls or problems if we only o nly consider the natural world as individual groups or categories rather than as a whole?

9


106) What is the relationship of the dense oceanic crust that is produced at a divergent divergent plate boundary to the convergence or collision of an oceanic plate and a continental plate, such as the western margin of South America in the diagram below?

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Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED1

1) B 2) D 3) E 4) C 5) D 6) A 7) B 8) B 9) B 10) D 11) C 12) D 13) B 14) B 15) A 16) A 17) A 18) D 19) C 20) C 21) A 22) C 23) A 24) A 25) A 26) C 27) E 28) D 29) C 30) B 31) A 32) B 33) A 34) C 35) D 36) C 37) D 38) D 39) C 40) C 41) C 42) A 43) B 44) B 45) C 46) D 47) B 48) C 49) D 50) C 11



51) D 52) A 53) C 54) A 55) A 56) C 57) D 58) C 59) A 60) B 61) 61) fact fact 62) Oort Oort cloud cloud 63) biosph biosphere ere 64) lithosphere lithosphere 65) mountain mountain belt 66) continenta continentall crust 67) 67) FALS FALSE E 68) 68) FALS FALSE E 69) 69) TRUE TRUE 70) 70) TRUE TRUE 71) 71) FALS FALSE E 72) 72) FALS FALSE E 73) 73) FALS FALSE E 74) 74) TRUE TRUE 75) 75) TRUE TRUE 76) 76) FALS FALSE E 77) 77) TRUE TRUE 78) 78) TRUE TRUE 79) 79) FALS FALSE E 80) 80) FALS FALSE E 81) 81) TRUE TRUE 82) 82) FALS FALSE E 83) 83) TRUE TRUE 84) 84) FALS FALSE E 85) 85) TRUE TRUE 86) 86) FALS FALSE E 87) 87) TRUE TRUE 88) 88) TRUE TRUE 89) 89) TRUE TRUE 90) 90) FALS FALSE E 91) 91) FALS FALSE E 92) 92) FALS FALSE E 93) 93) TRUE TRUE 94) 94) FALS FALSE E 95) 95) TRUE TRUE 96) physical geology and historical historical geology 97) scientific scientific theory theory 98) 98) crus crustt 99) lithosphere lithosphere 100)) man 100 mantle tle 12



101) outer 101) outer core core 102) continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise rise 103) oceanic oceanic or mid- ocean ridge 104) positive positive feedback mechanisms mechanisms 105) Categorizing and classifying is a way of cataloging cataloging the differences and similarities similarities between between things. We put items that are mostly similar into the same broad groups and separate items items that are mostly different. From this system, we can begin to study why things are are similar and what is the significance of the differences differences and that helps us to to get to the basic processes that are are of scientific interest. interest. The pitfalls or problems are that we may not recognize similarities similarities in objects that have been classified as different and vice versa. versa. Also, we are likely to miss the interactions between different groups and the processes that cause those interactions when we focus on classifying things. 106) The dense oceanic crust sinks underneath underneath the more buoyant continental crust at this type of convergent plate boundary.

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Test Bank for Earth Science 14th Edition by Tarbuck

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