Q.
1.: What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( e4te#! !t 5-7 p#!tf&/0d,+2eof&'' 3
Q
1.; I+ t t#ue that a "lobal
?e+@No
Q
1.B I+ t t#ue that a fu!)to! $a= ha?e+@No
Q
1. I! the follow!" p#o"#a$ whe#e + the
Q
1. What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( e4te#! !t a p#!tf& /8!0d,a ' 3 !t a5-7
A. - 7 . 7 C. Fa#ba Fa#ba"e "e
Q
1.17 What + the dffe#e!)e betwee! a def!to! a!d de)la#ato! of a
Q
1.11 If the def!to! of a! e4te#!al ?e+ @ No
Q
1.1+uppo+e a p#o"#a$ + d<ded !to th#ee fle+ f1, fle+ f1, f2 a!d f3, f2 a!d f3, a!d a ?e+@No
Q
1.19 whe! we $e!to! the p#otot=pe p#otot=pe of a fu!)to! a#e we def!!" the fu!)to! o# de)la#!" t %
Q
1.16 What + the dffe#e!)e betwee! the follow!" de)la#ato!+ % e4te#! !t fu! & ' !t fu! & '
Q
1.1: Wh= doe+ the follow!" p#o"#a$ #epo#t a #ede)la#ato! e##o# of fu!)to! display& display & '% $a!& ' ( d+pla=& ' 3
Q
1.1; What would be the out put of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( e4te#! !t fu! &float' !t a a5fu!&9.16' p#!tf&/0d,a' 3 !t fu! &aa' float aa ( #etu#!&&!t'aa' 3 A. . C. D.
Q
9 9.16 7 E##o#
1.1B Po!t out the e##o# , f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. +t#u)t e$p ( )ha# !a$eG-7 !t a"e 3 @* +o$e $o#e )ode $a= "o he#e *@ fu! &!t aa' ( !t bb bb5aa*aa #etu#! &bb' 3 $a!& ' ( !t a a5fu!&-7' p#!tf&/!0d,a' 3
Q
1.1 If =ou a#e to +ha#e the
Q
1.1 How would =ou #e)tf= the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$% f&+t#u)t e$p' @* a!= othe# p#otot=pe+ $a= "o he#e*@ +t#u)t e$p ( )ha# !a$e G-7 !t a"e 3 $a!& ' ( +t#u)t e$p e5(/+o)he#,963 f&e' 3 f&+t#u)t e$p ee' ( p#!tf&/@!0d,ee.!a$e,ee.a"e' 3
Q
1.-7 Flobal
Q
1.-1 What do =ou $ea! b= a t#a!+lato! u!t%
Q
1.-What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( !t aG:5(-,93 p#!tf &/@!0d0,aG-,aG9,aG6' 3 A. . C. D.
Fa#ba"e
Q
1.-9 what would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( +t#u)t e$p ( )ha# !a$e G-7 !t a"e float +al 3 +t#u)t e$p e 5( /t"e#3 p#!tf &/8!0d0f,e.a"e,e.+al' 3 A. 7 7.777777 . Fa#ba"e
Q
1.-6 So$e boo+ +u""e+t that the follow!" def!to!+ +hould be p#e)eded b= the wo#d static. I+ t )o##e)t% !t a G 5(-,9,6,1-,9-3 +tu)t e$p e 5(/+a!d=,-93
Q
1.-: Po!t out the e##o# , f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( !t&*p'& '5fu! &*p'& ' 3 fu!& ' ( !t&*p'& '5fu! &*p'& ' 3 p#!tf&/8!loud a!d )lea#' 3
Q
1.-; Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( u!o! a ( !t )ha# )hG- 3 u!o! a Z5:1- p#!tf&/0d0d,Z.)hG7,Z.)hG1'
Q
1.-B What do =ou $ea! b= +)ope of
Q
1.- What a#e the dffe#e!t t=pe+ of l!a"e+%
ANSWERS A
1.1 6-
A
1.-7. Whe!e
A
1.9 -7 67. I! )a+e of a )o!fl)t betwee! lo)al
A
1.6 de)la#ato!
A
1.: D.extern int i + a de)la#ato! a!d a defto!, he!)e the e##o#.
A
1.; ?e+
A
1.B ?e+
A
1. extern int a the de)la#ato! whe#ea+ !t a 5-7 + the def!to!.
A
1. A
A
1.17 I! the def!to! of a
A
1.11 T#ue
A
1.1?e+
A
1.19 We a#e de)la#!" t . Whe! alo!" wth the +tate$e!t+ belo!""!" to t a#e $e!to!ed we a#e def!!" the fu!)to!.
A
1.16 The#e + !o dffe#e!)e e4)ept fo# the fa)t that the f#+t o!e "
A
1.1: He#e display ( ) + )alled befo#e t + def!ed. I! +u)h )a+e+ the )o$ple# a++u$e+ that the fu!)to! display( ) + de)la#ed a+ !t d+pla=& ' That +, a! u!de)la#ed fu!)to! + a++u$ed to #etu#! a! int a!d a))ept a! u!+pe)fed !u$be# of a#"u$e!t+. The! whe! we def!e the fu!)to! the fu!)to! the )o$ple# f!d+ that t + #etu#!!" void he!)e the )o$ple# #epo#t+ the d+)#epa!)=.
A
1.1; D. The e##o# o))u#+ be)au+e we ha
A
1.1B e)au+e of the $++!" +e$)olo! at the +t#u)tu#e de)la#ato! &the !te#
A
1.1 The be+t a##a!"e$e!t + to pla)e ea)h def!to! ! a #ele
A
1.1 De)la#e the +tu)tu#e befo#e the p#ot=pe of f( ).
A
1.-7 No. The o!l= wa= th+ )a! be a)he
A
1.-1 A t#a!+lato! u!t + a +et of +ou#)e fle+ +ee! b= the )o$ple# a!d t#a!+lated a+ a u!t"e!e#all= o!e .) fle, plu+ all heade# fle+ $e!to!ed ! M!)lude d#e)t
A
1.-D.Whe! a! auto$at) a##a= + pa#tall= !tal+ed, the #e$a!!" a##a= ele$e!t+ a#e !tal+ed to 7.
A
1.-9 A. Whe! a! auto$at) +t#u)tu#e + pa#tall= !tal+ed, the #e$a!!" ele$e!t+ of the +t#u)tu#e a#e !tal+ed to 7.
A
1.-6 P#e ANSI C )o$ple#+ had +u)h a #eu#e$e!t. )o$ple#+ wh)h )o!fo#$ to ANSI C +ta!da#d do !ot ha
A
1.-: He#e we a#e !tal+!" the fu!)to! po!te# p to the add#e++ of the fu!)to! fun( ). ut du#!" th+ !tal+ato! the fu!)to! ha+ !ot bee! def!ed. he!)e a! e##o#. To el$!ate th+ e##o# add the p#otot=pe of the fun( ) befo#e de)la#ato! ofp, a+ +how! below e4te#! int fun( ); o# +$pl= int fun( );
A
1.-; I! a p#eANSI )o$ple# a union
A
1.-B +)ope !d)ate+ the #e"o! o
A
1.- The#e a#e th#ee dffe#e!t t=pe+ of l!a"e+e4te#!al,!te#!al a!d !o!e. E4te#!al l!a"e $ea!+ "lobal, !o!+tat)
End of Capter ! " ***
CHAPTER CONTROL INSTCTIONS
Q
-.1 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( !t 56 +wt)h&' ( default p#!tf&/8!A $ou+e + a! elepha!t bult b= the apa!e+e' )a+e 1 p#!tf&/8!#eed!" #abbt+ + a ha#e #a+!!" e4pe#e!)e' b#a) )a+e - p#!tf&/8!#)to! + a d#a"' b#ea) )a+e 9 p#!tf&/8!f p#a)t)e $ae+ pe#fe)t, the! !obod=+ pe#fe)t' 3 3
Q
-.Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the for loop. $a!& ' ( !t 51 fo#&' ( p#!tf&/0d, ' f& 17' b#ea 3 3 The )o!dto! ! the for loop + a $u+t. The two +e$)olo!+ +hould be d#opped. The for loop +hould be #epla)ed b= a ile loop. No e##o#.
A. . C. D.
Q
-.9 Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the ile loop. $a!& ' ( !t 51 whle& ' ( p#!tf&/0d, ' f & 17' b#ea 3 3 A. . C. D.
Q
The )o!dto! ! the ile loop + a $u+t. The#e +hould be atlea+t a +e$)olo! ! the ile( ). The ile loop +hould be #epla)ed b= a for loop. No e##o#.
-.6 Po!t out a!= e##o# ! the ile loop. $a!& ' ( !t 51 whle& >5 :' ( p#!tf&/0d,' f & -' "oto he#e 3 3 fu!& ' ( he#e p#!tf&/8!f t wo#+, do!Ut f4 t.' 3
Q
-.: Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( !t 56, 5- +wt)h &' ( )a+e 1 p#!tf&/8! To e## + hu$a!, to fo#"
Q
-.; Po!t out the e##o#, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( !t 51 +wt)h &' ( )a+e 1 p#!tf&/8! Radoa)t
Q
-.B Po!t out the e##o# , f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( !t a517 +wt)h &a' ( 3 p#!tf &/p#o"#a$$e#+ !e
Q
-. Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( !t 51 +wt)h&' ( p#!tf& /hello'@*)o$$o! fo#both )a+e+*@ )a+e 1 p#!tf&/8!!d<dual+t+ u!teX' b#ea )a+e - p#!tf&/8!Yo!e= + the #oot of all wealth. ' b#ea 3 3
Q
-. Rew#te the follow!" +et of +tate$e!t+ u+!" )o!dto!al ope#ato#+. !t a51,b f&a17' b5-7
Q
-.17 Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( !t a517,b a5:% b177b-77 p#!tf &/8!0d,b' 3
Q
-.11 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# +t#G 5pa#tVt$e $u+)a!+ a#e +e$)o!du)to#+ !t a: p#!tf &a17%0:7+0,+t#' 3 A. Pa#t Pa#tt t$e $u+ $u+) )a! a!++ a# a#e +e$ +e$)o!d )o!du) u)tto#+ o#+ . Pa#t Pa#tt t$e $u+ $u+) )a! a!++ a# a#e +e$ +e$)o!d )o!du) u)tto#+ o#+ C. E##o# D. !o!e of the abo
Q
-.1What + $o#e eff)e!t a sitc +tate$e!t sitc +tate$e!t o# a! if!else )ha!% if!else )ha!%
Q
-.19 Ca! we u+e a sitc +tate$e!t sitc +tate$e!t to +wt)h o! +t#!"+%
Q
-.16 We wa!t to te+t whethe# a
Q
-.1: The wa= brea$ + + u+ed to tae the )o!t#ol ) o!t#ol out of sitc )a! sitc )a! continue be continue be u+ed to tae the )o!t#ol to the be"!!!" of the sitc%>?e+@No sitc%>?e+@No
ANSWERS A
-.1 A $ou+e + a! elepha!t bult b= the apa!e+e #eed!" #abbt+ + a ha#e #a+!" e4pe#e!)e
A
-.D
A
-.9 A
A
-.6 %oto )a!!ot tae )o!t#ol to a dffe#e!t fu!)to!.
A
-.: Co!+ta!t e4p#e++o! #eu#ed ! the +e)o!d )a+e, we )a!!ot u+e & u+e & .
A
-.; No e##o#. Co!+ta!t e4p#e++o! le 1* - 6 a#e a))eptable ! )a+e+ of a sitc. sitc .
A
-.B Thou"h !e
A
-. Thou"h the#e + !o e##o#, ##e+pe)t
A
-. !t a 5 1, b,du$$= a 17 % b 5 -7
A
-.17 1
A
-.11 A
A
-.1A+ fa# a+ eff)e!)= + )o!)e#!ed the#e would ha#dl= be a!= dffe#e!)e f at all. If the )a+e+ ! the sitc a#e +pa#+el= d+t#buted the )o$ple# $a= !te#!all= u+e the eu
A
-.19 No. The )a+e+ ! a sitc $u+t ethe# ha
A
-.16 ?e+, thou"h ! a wa= bwh)h would !ot be
A
-.1: No.continue )a! wo# o!l= wth loop+ a!d !ot wth sitc. End of Capter ! "" ***
CHAPTER 9 EPRESSIONS
Q
9.1 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$ % $a!& ' ( +tat) !t aG-7 !t 57 aG 5 p#!tf&/8!0d0d0d,aG7,aG1, ' 3
Q
9.What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( !t 59 5 p#!tf&/0d, ' 3
Q
9.9 The e4p#e++o!+ o! the #"ht ha!d +de of K Ka!d [[ ope#ato#+ doe+ !ot "et et#ue@fal+e
Q
9.6 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$ % $a!& ' ( !t 5- p#!tf&/8!0d0d, , ' 3 A. 96 . 69 C. 66 D. Output $a=
Q
9.: What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( !t 4 5 17, = 5 -7, 2 5 :, 5 4 > = > 2 p#!tf&/8!0d, ' 3 A. 1 . 7 C. E##o# D. No!e of the abo
Q
9.; A#e the follow!" two +tate$e!t+ +a$e%> ?e+ @ No a > 5 -7% b 597) 597 &a > 5 -7 '% b) 597
Q
9.B Ca! =ou +u""e+t a!= othe# wa= of w#t!" the follow!" e4p#e++o! +u)h that 97 + u+ed o!l= o!)e% a > 5 -7% b 5 97 ) 597
Q
9. How )o$e that the C +ta!da#d +a=+ that the e4p#e++o! 5 5 * + u!def!ed, whe#ea+, the e4p#e++o! 5 K K + pe#fe)tal= le"al.
Q
9. If a'i i * * + u!def!ed, the! b= the +a$e #ea+o! i i * l +hould al+o be u!def!ed. ut + !ot +o. wh=%
Q
9.17 Would the e4p#e++o! *p 5 ) be d+allowed b= the )o$ple#.
Q
9.11 I! the follow!" )ode ! wh)h o#de# the fu!)to!+ would be )alled% a 5 f1 &-9, 16 ' * f- & 1-@6 ' f9 & ' A. f1,f-,f9 . f9,f-,f1 C. The o#de# $a=
Q
9.1I! the follow!" )ode ! wh)h o#de# the fu!)to! would be )alled% a 5 & f1 &-9, 16'* f-&1-@6' ' f9& ' A. f1,f-,f9 . f9,f-,f1 C. The o#de# $a=
Q
9.19 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$ % $a!& ' ( !t 5 9, 5 -, 57, $ $ 5 K K I I p#!tf&/8!0d0d0d0d, ,,,$' 3
Q
9.16 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( !t 5 9, 5 -, 5 7, $ $ 5 K K I I p#!tf &/8!0d0d0d0d,,,,$ ' 3
Q
9.1: What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( !t 5 9, 5 -, 5 7, $ $5IIKK p#!tf&/8 ! 0 d 0 d0 d 0 d, , , , $' 3
Q
9.1; What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( !t 5 9, 5 -, 5 7, $ $ 5 K K K K p#!tf&/8!0d0d0d0d,,,,$' 3
ANSWERS A
9.1 771 ThatU+ what +o$e of the )o$ple#+ would "
A
9.6. ut ba+)all= the beha<ou# + u!def!ed fo# the +a$e #ea+o! a+ ! 9.1 abo
A
9.9 t#ue.o# e4a$ple f a + !o!2e#o the! b wll !ot be e
A
9.6 D. The o#de# of e
A
9.: A
A
9.; No.
A
9.B *& & a > 5 -7'% Kb K) ' 597
A
9. A))o#d!" to the ) +ta!da#d a! obe)tU+ +to#ed
-
-
+!)e ! the f#+t e4p#e++o! i + "ett!" $odfed tw)e betwee! two +eue!)e po!t+ the e4p#e++o! + u!def!ed.Al+o, the +e)o!d e4p#e++o! + le"al be)au+e a +eue!)e po!t + o))u#!" at K K a!d i + "ett!" $odfed o!)e befo#e a!d o!)e afte# th+ +eue!)e po!t.
A
9. The +ta!da#d +a=+ that f a! obe)t + to "et $odfed wth! a! e4p#e++o! the! all a))e++e+ to t wth! the +a$e e4p#e++o! $u+t be fo# )o$put!" the
A
9.17 No . e)au+e he#e e
A
9.11 . He#e the $ultpl)ato! wll happe! befo#e the addto!,but ! wh)h o#de# the fu!)to!+ would be )alled + u!def!ed.
A
9.1C. He#e the $ultpl)ato! wll happe! befo#e the addto!, but ! wh)h o#de# the fu!)to!+ would be )alled + u!def!ed. I! a! a#th$et) e4p#e++o! the pa#e!the+e+ tell the )o$ple# wh)h ope#a!d+ "o wth wh)h ope#ato#+ but do !ot fo#)e the )o$ple# to e
A
9.19 - 9 7 1
A
9.16 - 9 7 1
A
9.1: - - 7 1
A
9.1; - 9 1 1 End of Capter ! """ ***
CHAPTER 6 LOATHINF POINT ISSES Q
6.1 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( float a 5 7.B f &a > 7.B' p#!tf&/C' el+e p#!tf&/C ' 3 A. C . C C. E##o# D. No!e of the abo
Q
6.What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( float a 5 7.B f &a > 7.Bf' p#!tf&/C' el+e p#!tf&/C ' 3 A. C . C C. E##o# D. No!e of the abo
Q
6.9 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a! & ' ( p#!tf &/0f,+#t&9;.7' ' 3 A. ;.7 . ; C. ;.777777 D. So$e ab+u#b #e+ult.
Q
6.6 Would th+ p#o"#a$ "?e+@No $a!& ' ( p#!tf &/0f,lo"&9;.7' ' 3
Q
6.: Would the follow!" printf( )s p#!t the +a$e ?e+@No $a!& ' ( float a +)a!f &/0f,Ka' p#!tf&/0f,a a a' p#!tf&/0f,9* a' 3
Q
6.; We wa!t to #ou!d off x ,a float, to a! int
Q
6.B Wh)h e##o# a#e =ou lel= to "et whe! =ou #u! the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( +t#u)t e$p ( )ha# !a$e G-7 float +al 3 +t#u)t e$p eG17 !t fo# & 5 7 > 5 ' +)a!f&/0+0f, eG.!a$e,K eG.+al' 3
A. . C. D.
+u+p)ou+ po!te# )o!
Q
6. What )au+e+ the e##o# ! the p#oble$ 6.B abo
%$Q
6. Wh)h a#e the th#ee dffe#e!t t=pe+ of #eal data t=pe+ a
%$Q
6.17 = default a!= #eal !u$be# + t#eated a+ A. a float . a double C. a lon% double D. Depe!d+ upo! the $e$o#= $odel tha! =ou a#e u+!".
Q
6.11 What +hould =ou do to t#eat the )o!+ta!t 9.16 a+ a float %
Q
6.1What +hould =ou do to t#eat the )o!+ta!t 9.16 a+ a lon% double%
Q
6.19 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( p#!tf &/0d0d0d, +2e of &9.16',+2e of &9.16I' ' 3 A. 666 . 6 "a#ba"e
Q
6.16 The b!a#= eu
Q
6.1: How floats a#e +to#ed ! b!a#= fo#
%$Q
6.1; A float+ o))upe+ 6 b=te+.If the he4ade)$al eu
Q
6.1B If the b!a#= eu 59 ' p#!tf&/07-4,&u!+"!ed )ha#'pG 3 A. 67 AC 77 77 . 76 CA 77 77 C. 77 77 AC 67 D. 77 77 CA 76.
ANSWERS
A
6.1 A
A
6.
A
6.9 D
A
6.6 No, +!)e we ha
A
6.: No.o# e4a$ple,fo# 1.B the printf( )s would p#!t dffe#e!t
A
6.; A
A
6.B
A
6. What )au+e+ the \float!" po!t fo#$at+ !ot l!edU e##o# to o))u#%Whe! the )o$ple# e!)ou!te#+ a #efe#e!)e to the add#e++ of a float , t +et+ a fla" to ha
( float a 5 7, *b 5 Ka @* )au+e e$ulato# to be l!ed *@ a 5 *b @* +upp#e++ wa#!!"
A
6. float double lo!" double
6 b=te+ b=te+ 17 b=te+
0f 0lf 0Lf
A
6.17
A
6.11 u+e 9.16f
A
6.1u+e 9.16I
A
6.19 C
A
6.16
A
6.1: loat!"po!t !u$be#+ a#e #ep#e+e!ted ! IEEE fo#$at. The IEEE fo#$at fo# float!" po!t +to#a"e u+e+ a +"! bt, a $a!t++a a!d a! e4po!e!t fo# #ep#e+e!t!" the powe# of -. The +"! bt de!ote+ the +"! of the !u$be# a 7 #ep#e+e!t+ a po+t
A
6.1;
A
6.1B C End of Capter ! " ***
CHAPTER : NCTIONS
Q
:.1 What + the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( !t a,b a 5 +u$d" &1-9' b 5 +u$d" &1-9' p#!tf&/0d0d,a,b' 3 +u$d"&!t !' ( +tat) !t + 5 7 !t d f&!X 5 7' ( d 5 ! 0 17 ! 5 &!d' @ 17 + 5 + d +u$d"&!' 3 el+e #etu#!+&+' 3
Q
:.What e##o# would the follow!" fu!)to! "
Q
:.9 The#e + a $+tae ! the follow!" )ode. Add a +tate$e!t ! t to #e$o
Q
:.6 Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" )ode. $a!& ' ( !t a 5 17
Q
:.: Po!t out the e##o#, f a!= ! the follow!" fu!)to!. $a!& ' ( !t b b 5 f&-7' p#!tf&/0d, b' 3 !t f &!t a' ( a -7 % #etu#! &17' #etu#! &-7' 3
Q
:.; A fu!)to! )a!!ot be def!ed !+de a!othe# fu!)to!. > T#ue@al+e
Q
:.B Wll the follow!" fu!)to!+ wo#% >?e+@No f1 &!t a, !t b' ( #etu#!&f- &-7' ' 3 f- &!t a' ( #etu#!&a * a' 3
Q
:. What a#e the follow!" two !otato!+ of def!!" fu!)to!+ )o$$o!l= !ow! a+ !f f&!t a, floatb' ( @*+o$e )ode*@ 3
Q
:. I! a fu!)to! two return +tate$e!t+ +hould !eT#ue@al+e
Q
:.17 I! a fu!)to! return +tate$e!t+ +hould !eT#ue@al+e
Q
:.11 I! C all fu!)to!+ e4)ept main( ) )a! be )alled #e)u#+T#ue@al+e
Q
:.1+uall= #e)u#+o! wo#+ +lowe# tha! loop+.>T#ue@al+e
Q
:.19 I+ t t#ue that too $a!= #e)u#+?e+@No
Q
:.16 How $a= t$e+ the follow!" p#o"#a$ would p#!t \a$bo#eeU% $a!& ' ( p#!tf&/8!a$bo#ee' $a!& ' 3 A. I!f!te !u$be# of t$e+ . 9-B;B t$e+ C. ;::9: t$e+ D. Tll the +ta) doe+!Ut o
ANSWERS A
:.1 ; 1-
A
:.C
A
:.9 Add the follow!" fu!)to! p#otot=pe ! $a!& ' float f&!t, float'
A
:.6 I! +pte of def!!" the fu!)to! f( ) a+ #etu#!!" void, the p#o"#a$ + t#=!" to )olle)t the
A
:.: return +tate$e!t )a!!ot be u+ed a+ +how! w th the )o!dto!al ope#ato#+. I!+tead the follow!" +tate$e!t $a= be u+ed #etu#! &a -7 %17 -7'
A
:.; T#ue
A
:.B ?e+
A
:. The f#+t + !ow! a+ ANSI !otato! a!d +e)o!d + !ow! a+ e#!"ha! a!d Rt)he o# +$pl=, J K R !otato!.
A
:. al+e
A
:.17 T#ue
A
:.11 al+e.A!= fu!)to! !)lud!" main( ) )a! be )alled #e)u#+
A
:.1T#ue
A
:.19 ?e+
A
:.16 D
End of Capter ! ***
CHAPTER ; THE C PREPROCESSOR
Q
;.1 If the fle to be !)luded doe+!Ut e4+t, the p#ep#o)e++o# fla+he+ a! e##o# $e++a"e. >T#ue@al+e
Q
;.The p#ep#o)e++o# )a! t#ap +$ple e##o#+ le $++!" de)la#ato!+, !e+ted )o$$e!t+ o# $+$at)h of b#a)e+. >T#ue@al+e
Q
;.9 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% Mdef!e SQR&4'&4*4' $a!& ' ( !t a,b 5 9 a 5 SQR&b -' p#!tf&/8!0d,a' 3 A. -: . 11 C. E##o# D. Fa#ba"e
Q
;.6 How would =ou def!e the SQR $a)#o ! ;.9 abo
Q
;.: What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% Mdef!e CE&4'&4*4*4' $a!& ' ( !t a, b 5 9 a 5 CE&b ' p#!tf&/8!0d0d,a,b' 3
Q
;.; I!d)ate what would the +wap $a)#o be e4pa!ded to o! p#ep#o)e++!".Would the )ode )o$ple% Mdef!e SWAP&a,b,)'&)t SWAP&a,b,)'&)t t 5 a, a 5 b, b 5 t' $a!& ' ( !t 4 5 17, = 5 -7 SWAP&4,=,!t' p#!tf&/0d0d,4,=' 3
Q
;.B How )ould =ou $odf= the SWAP SWAP $a)#o ! ;.; abo
Q
;. What + the l$tato! of the SWAP SWAP $a)#o of ;.B abo
Q
;. I! wh)h l!e of the follow!" p#o"#a$ a! e##o# would be #epo#ted% 1. Mdef!e CIRCY&R'&9.16*R*R' -. $a!& ' 9. ( 6. float # 5 1.7,) :. ) 5 CIRCY&#' ;. p#!tf&/8!0f,)' B. f &CIRCY&#' 5 5 ;.-' . p#!tf&/8!Fobbled="oo . 3
Q
;.17 What + the t=pe of the
Q
;.11 I+ t !e)e++a#= that the heade# fle+ +hould ha
Q
;.1What do the heade# fle+ u+uall= )o!ta!%
Q
;.19 Would Would t #e+ult !to a! e##o# f a! heade# fle + !)luded tw)e%
Q
;.16 How )a! heade# fle e!+u#e that t do+e!Ut "et !)luded $o#e $ o#e tha! o!)e%
Q
;.1: O! !)lu+o!, whe#e a#e the heade# fle+ +ea#)hed fo#%
Q
;.1; Would Would the follow!" typedef wo#% wo#% t=pedef M!)lude [
Q
;.1B Would Would the follow!" )ode ) ode )o$ple )o##e)tl=% $a!& ' ( Mfdef NOTE @* u!te#$!ated )o$$e!t !t a a 5 17 Mel+e !t a a 5 -7 Me!df p#!tf&/0d,a' 3
Q
;.1 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% Mdef!e YESS u! $a!& ' ( p#!tf&/YESS' 3
Q
;.1 Would Would the follow!" p#o"#a$ p#!t the $e++a"e $e++a"e !f!te !u$be# of of t$e+%>?e+@No Mdef!e ININITELOOP Whle&1' Whle&1' $a!& ' ( ININITELOOP p#!tf&/8!F#e= ha#ed' 3
Q
;.-7 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% Mdef!e YA&a,b' $a!& ' ( !t 4 4 5 YA& 9 6, - B ' 3
Q
;.-1 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% Mdef!e PRINT&!t' p#!tf&/0d /,!t' $a!& ' ( !t 4 5 -,= 5 9, 2 5 6 PRINT&4' PRINT&=' PRINT&2' 3
Q
;.-What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% Mdef!e PRINT&!t' p#!tf&/!t 5 0d /,!t' $a!& ' ( !t 4 5 -, = 5 9, 2 5 6 PRINT&4' PRINT&=' PRINT&2' 3
Q
;.-9 How would =ou $odf= the $a)#o of ;.-- +u)h that t output+ 4 5 -= 5 9 2 5 6
Q
;.-6 Would Would the follow!" p#o"#a$ )o$ple +u))e++full=%>?e+@No +u))e++full=%>?e+@No Ya!& ' ( p#!tf&/tp+ /t#ap+' 3
Q
;.-: Def!e the $a)#o DEF +u)h that the follow!" p#o"#a$ output+ DEF 4 5 6 DEF = 5 9.167777 DEF )h 5 A Ya!& ' ( !t 4 5 6 float a 5 9.16 )ha# )h 5 \AU DEF&4,0d' DEF&a,0f' DEF&)h,0)' 3
Q
;.-; What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% Mdef!e +t#&4' M4 Mdef!e +t#&4' +t#&4' Mdef!e ope# $ultpl= $a!& ' ( )ha# /ope#!a$e 5 +t#&ope#' p#!tf&/0+,ope#!a$e' 3
Q
;.-B W#te the $a)#o PRINT fo# the follow!" p#o"#a$ +u)h that t output+ 56=5625: A51b5-)59 Ya!& ' ( !t 4 5 6, = 5 6, 2 5 : !t a 5 1, b 5 -, ) 5 9 PRINT&4,=,2' PRINT&a,b,)' 3
ANSWERS A
;.1 T#ue
A
;.al+e
A
;.9 . e)au+e, o! p#ep#o)e++!" the e4p#e++o! be)o$e+ a 5 &9 - * - 9'.
A
;.6 Mdef!e SQR& ' & &4' * &4' '
A
;.: -B ;. Thou"h +o$e )o$ple#+ $a= "
A
;.; &!t t t 5 a, a 5 b, b 5 t' Th+ )ode )a!Ut )o$ple +!)e de)la#ato! of # )a!!ot o))u# wth! pa#e!the+e+.
A
;.B Mdef!e SWAP&a,b,)' SWAP&a,b,)' )t t 5 a, a 5 b,b 5 t
A
;. It )a!!ot +wap po!te#+. o# e4a$ple, the follow!" )ode would !ot )o$ple. Mdef!e SWAP&a,b,)' SWAP&a,b,)' )tt 5 a,a 5 b,b 5 t $a!& ' ( float 4 5 17, = 5 -7 float *p, * p 5 K4 5 K= SWAP&p,,float*' P#!tf&/0f0f,4,=' 3
A
;. L!e !u$be# B, whe#ea+ the )ulp#t + #eall= the +e$)olo! ! l!e !u$be# 1. O! e4pa!+o! l!e B be)o$e+ if & & &9.16*1.7*1.7' 5 5;.-'. He!)e the e##o#.
A
;.17 float a!d !ot a po!te# to a float, +!)e o! e4pa!+o! the de)la#ato! be)o$e+ float *a,b
A
;.11 No. Howe
A
;.1P#ep#o)e++o# d#e)t
A
;.19 ?e+, ?e+, u!le++ the heade# fle tae! )a#e to e!+u#e that f al#ead= !)luded t doe+!Ut "et !)luded a"a!.
A
;.16 All de)la#ato!+ $u+t be w#tte! ! the $a!!e# +how! below. A++u$e that the !a$e of the heade# fle + NCS.H. @*fu!)+.h*@ MfdefNCS Mdef!eNCS @* all de)la#ato!+ would "o he#e*@ Me!df Now f we !)lude th+ fle tw)e a+ +how! below, t would "et !)luded o!l= o!)e. M!)lude /"oto.) M!)lude /"oto.) $a!& ' ( @* +o$e )ode*@ 3
A
;.1: If !)luded u+!" > the fle+ "et +ea#)hed ! the p#edef!ed &)a! be )ha!"ed' !)lude path. If !)luded wth the / / +=!ta4 ! addto! to the p#edef!ed !)lude path the fle+ al+o "et +ea#)hed ! the )u##e!t d#e)to#= &u+uall= the d#e)to#= f#o$ wh)h =ou !
A
;.1; No. e)au+e typedef "oe+ to wo# afte# p#ep#o)e++!".
A
;.1B No.E
A
;.1 YESS
A
;.1 ?e+
A
;.-7
A
;.-1 -96
A
;.-I!t 5 - !t 5 9 !t 5 6
A
;.-9 Mdef!e PRINT&!t' p#!tf &M!t / 5 0d, !t' $a!& ' ( !t 4 5 -,= 5 9,2 5 6 PRINT&4' PRINT&=' PRINT&2' 3 The #ule + f the pa#a$ete# !a$e + p#e)eded b= a M ! the $a)#o e4pa!+o!, the )o$b!ato! &of M a!d pa#a$ete#' wll be e4pa!ded !to a uoted +t#!" wth the pa#a$ete# #epla)ed b= the a)tual a#"u$e!t. Th+ )a! be )o$b!ed wth +t#!" )o!)ate!ato! to p#!t the output de+#ed ! ou# p#o"#a$. O! e4pa!+o! the $a)#o be)o$e+ P#!tf &/4 / 5 0d,4' The two +t#!"+ "et )o!)ate!ated,+o the effe)t + P#!tf &/4 5 0d,4'
A
;.-6 ?e+. The output would be tp+ t#ap+. I! fa)t th+ #e+ult ha+ bee! u+ed ! ;.-9 abo
A
;.-: Mdef!e DEF&
A
;.-; $ultpl= He#e two ope#ato!+ a#e be!" )a##ed out e4pa!+o! a!d +t#!"2!". str( ) $a)#o e4pa!d+ t+ a#"u$e!t+, a!d the! str( ) +t#!"2e+ t.
A
;.-B Mdef!e PRINT&
End of Capter ! " ***
CHAPTER B POINTERS Q
B.1 Ca! =ou )o$b!e the follow!" two +tate$e!t+ !to o!e% Cha#*p p 5 $allo)&177'
Q
B.Ca! =ou +plt the follow!" +tate$e!t !to two +tate$e!t+% )ha# fa#*+)# 5 &)ha# fa#*'74777777L
Q
B.9 A#e the e4p#e++o!+ -ptr * * a!d * *-ptr +a$e%
Q
B.6 Ca! =ou w#te a!othe# e4p#e++o! wh)h doe+ the +a$e ob a+ -ptr %
Q
B.: What would be the eu
Q
B.; What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% Ya!& ' ( !t a##G 5 (1-,19,16,1:,1;3 p#!tf&/8!0d0d0d, +2eof&a##', +2eof&*a##',+2eof&a##G7'' 3
Q
B.B What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$ a++u$!" that the a##a= be"!+ at lo)ato! 177-% Ya!& ' ( !t aG9G6 5 ( 1,-,9,6, :,;,B,, ,17,11,13 p#!tf&/8!0u0u0u, aG7 1,*&aG7 1',*&*a 7' 1'' 3
Q
B. What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$ a++u$!" that the a##a= be"!+ T lo)ato! 177-% Ya!& ' ( !taG-G9G6 5 ( ( 1,-,9,6, :,;,B,, ,1,1,3, ( -,1,6,B, ;,B,,, 7,7,7,7 3 3 p#!tf&/!0u0u0u0d,a,*a,**a,***a' 3
Q
B. I! the follow!" p#o"#a$ how would =ou p#!t :7 u+!" p% Ya!& ' ( !t aG 5 (17,-7,97,67,:73 )ha#*p p 5 &)ha#*' a 3
Q
B.17 Whe#e )a! o!e th! of u+!" po!te#+%
Q
B.11 I! the follow!" p#o"#a$ add a +tate$e!t ! the fu!)to! fun( ) +u)h that add#e++ of a "et+ +to#ed ! & . Ya!& ' ( !t*
3
Q
B.1How would =ou de)la#e a! a##a= of th#ee fu!)to! po!te#+ whe#e ea)h fu!)to! #e)e
Q
B.19 Would the follow!" p#o"#a$ "?e+@No $a!& ' ( float 5 17,*
Q
B.16 Would the follow!" p#o"#a$ )o$ple% Ya!& ' ( !t a 5 17, *
Q
B.1: Would the follow!" )ode )o$ple +u))e++full=% $a!& ' ( p#!tf&/0),BG/+u!da#a$ 3
ANSWERS
A
B.1 )ha# *p 5 $allo)&177'
A
B.)ha# fa# *+)# ++)# 5 &)ha# fa#*'74777777L
A
B.9 No. *pt# !)#e$e!t+ the po!te# a!d !ot the
A
B.6 &*pt#'
A
B.: *&*&*&*&a ' ' ' l'
A
B.; 17 - -
A
B.B 1776 - -
A
B. 177- 177- 177- 1
A
B. p#!tf&/8!0d,*&&!t*'p 6''
A
B.17 At lot of pla)e+, +o$e of wh)h a#e A))e++!" a##a= o# +t#!" ele$e!t+ D=!a$) $e$o#= allo)ato! -
-
-
-
Call b= #efe#e!)e I$ple$e!t!" l!ed l+t+, t#ee+, "#aph+ a!d $a!= othe# data +t#u)tu#e+
A
B.11 * 5 Ka
A
B.1float &*a##G9' &!t, !t'
A
B.19 No.He#e !o t=pe)a+t!" + #eu#ed whle a++"!!" the
A
B.16 No. A! e##o# would be #epo#ted ! the +tate$e!t +!)e a#th$et) o! void po!te#+ + !ot pe#$tted u!le++ the
A
B.1: ?e+. It would p#!t $ of +u!da#a$.
End of Capter ! "" ***
CHAPTER YORE AOT POINTERS
Q
.1 I+ the NLL po!te# +a$e a+ a! u!!tal+ed po!te#% >?e+@No
Q
.I! wh)h heade# fle + the NLL $a)#o def!ed.
Q
.9 Wh= + t that fo# la#"e $e$o#= $odel+ NLL ha+ bee! def!ed a+ OL a!d fo# +$all $e$o#= $odel+ a+ u+t 7%
Q
.6 What + a !ull po!te#%
Q
.: WhatU+ the dffe#e!)e betwee! a !ull po!te#, a NLL $a)#o, the ASCII NL )ha#a)te# a!d a !ull +t#!"%
Q
.; What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% M!)lude /+tdo.h $a!& ' ( !t a, b 5 : a 5 b NLL p#!tf&/0d,a' 3
Q
.B I+ the p#o"#a$$!" +t=le adapted ! .; "ood%
Q
. What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% M!)lude /+tdo.h $a!& ' ( p#!tf&/0d0d, +2eof &NLL', +2eof &/'' 3
Q
. How $a!= b=te+ a#e o))uped b= near,far a!d u%e po!te#+%
Q
.17 What doe+ the e##o# /Null po!te#+ a++"!$e!t $ea! a!d what )au+e+ th+ e##o#%
Q
.11 How do we debu" a !ull po!te# a++"!$e!t e##o#%
Q
.1Ca! a!=th!" el+e "e!e#ate a !ull po!te# a++"!$e!t e##o#%
Q
.19 A#e the th#ee de)la#ato!+ )ha#--apple,car-oran%e' ,a!d car cerry' ' +a$e%>?e+@No
Q
.16 Ca! two dffe#e!t near po!te#+ )o!ta! two dffe#e!t add#e++e+ but #efe# to the +a$e lo)ato! ! $e$o#=% >?e+@No
Q
.1: Ca! two dffe#e!t far po!te#+ )o!ta! two dffe#e!t add#e++e+ but #efe# to the +a$e lo)ato! ! the $e$o#=% >?e+@No
Q
.1; Ca! two dffe#e!t hu"e po!te#+ )o!ta! two dffe#e!t add#e++e+ but #efe# to +a$e lo)ato! ! $e$o#=% >?e+@No
Q
.1B Would the follow!" p#o"#a$ "
Q
.1 Would the follow!" p#o"#a$ "
Q
.1 What wa#!!" would be "e!e#ated o! )o$pl!" the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# fa#*+)# +)# 5 74777777 *+)# 5 \AU 3
Q
.-7 How would =ou e!l$!ate the wa#!!" "e!e#ated o! )o$pl!" the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# fa# *+)# +)# 5 74b777777 *+)# 5 \AU 3
Q
.-1 How would =ou obta! a far add#e++ f#o$ the +e"e$e!t a!d off+et add#e++e+ of a $e$o#= lo)ato!%
Q
.-How would =ou obta! +e"e$e!t a!d off+et add#e++e+ f#o$ a far add#e++ of a Ye$o#= lo)ato!%
Q
.-9 I! a la#"e data $odel &)o$pa)t, la#"e, hu"e' all po!te#+ to data a#e 9- bt+ lo!", whe#a+ ! a +$all data $odel&t!=,+$all,$edu$' all po!te#+ a#e 1; bt+ lo!".>T#ue@al+e
Q
.-6 A near po!te# u+e+ the )o!te!t+ of CS #e"+te#&f the po!te# + po!t!" to )ode' o# )o!te!t+ of DS #e"+te#& f the po!te# + po!t!" to data' fo# the +e"e$e!t pa#t, whe#a+ the off+et pa#t + +to#ed ! the 1;bt near po!te# >T#ue@al+e.
Q
.-: What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# fa#*a 5 74777771-7 )ha# fa#*b 5 74771777-7 )ha# fa#*) 5 74771-7777 f &a 5 5 b' p#!tf&/8!Hello' f &a 5 5)' p#!tf&/8!HU' f &b 5 5 )' p#!tf&/8!Hello H' f &a b KK a ) KK b )' p#!tf&/8!=e' 3
Q
.-; $a!& ' ( )ha# hu"e*a 5 74777771-7 )ha# hu"e*b 5 74771777-7 )ha# hu"e*) 5 74771-7777 f &a 5 5 b' p#!tf&/8!Hello' f &a 5 5)' p#!tf&/8!H' f &b 5 5 )' p#!tf&/8!Hello H' f&a b KK a ) KK b )' p#!tf&/8!=e' 3
ANSWERS A
.1 No.
A
.I! the fle+ /+tdo.h a!d /+tddef.h
A
.9 e)au+e ! the +$all $e$o#= $odel+ the po!te# + two b=te+ lo!" whe#ea+ ! Ye$o#= $odel+ t + 6 b=te+ lo!".
A
.6 o# ea)h po!te# t=pe &le +a= car po!te#' C def!e+ a +pe)al po!te#
A
.: A !ull po!te# wh)h doe+U!t po!t a!=whe#e. A NLL $a)#o + u+ed to #ep#e+e!t the !ull po!te# ! +ou#)e )ode. It ha+ a
A
.; :
A
.B No. O!l= ! )o!te4t of po!te#+ +hould NLL a!d 7 be )o!+de#ed eu
A
. -1
A
. A near po!te# + - b=te+ lo!" whe#ea+ a fa# a!d a u%e po!te# a#e 6 b=te+ lo!".
A
.17 The !ull po!te# a++"!$e!t e##o# + "e!e#ated o!l= ! +$all a!d $edu$ $e$o#= $odel+. Th+ e##o# o))u#+ ! p#o"#a$+ wh)h atte$pt to )ha!"e the botto$ of the data +e"$e!t. I! bo#la!dU+ C o# C )o$ple#+,o#la!d pla)e+ fou# 2e#o b=te+ at the botta$ of the data +e"e$e!t, followed b= the bo#la!d )op=#"ht !ot)e /o#la!d C )op=#"ht 11 o#la!d I!tl.. I! the +$all a!d $edu$ $e$o#= $odel+, a !ull po!te# po!t+ to DS7777. thu+ a++"!!" a
A
.11 I! the I!te"#ated de)elop$e!t E!<#o!$e!t +et two wat)he+ o! the e= $e$o#= lo)ato!+ $e!to!ed ! .17. The+e wat)he+, a!d what the= +hould d+pla= ! the wat)h w!dow, a#e *&)ha#*'6,6-YS o#la!d C )op=#"ht 11 o#la!d I!tl. &)ha#*'7 77 77 77 77 Of )ou#+e the )op=#"ht ba!!e# wll
A
.1?e+, u+!" a wld po!te# that happe!+ to #efe#e!)e the ba+e a#ea of the data +e"$e!t $a= )au+e the +a$e e##o# +!)e th+ would )ha!"e the 2e#o+ o# the )op=#"ht ba!!e#. S!)e data )o##upto! o# +ta) )o##upto! )ould )au+e a! othe#w+e
A
.19 No
A
.16 No
A
.1: ?e+
A
.1; No
A
.1B No
A
.1 ?e+. Su+p)ou+ po!te# )o!
A
.1 No!po#table po!te# a++"!$e!t ! fu!)to! $a!.
A
.-7 +e the t=pe)a+t scr 5 &car far *' 74777777
A
.-1 M!)lude /do+.h $a!& ' ( )ha#*+e" 5 &)ha#*'74777 )ha#*off 5 &)ha#*'74777 )ha# fa#*p p 5 YJVP&+e",off' 3
A
.-M!)lude /do+.h $a!& ' ( )ha# fa#*+)# 5 &)ha# fa#*'74777777 )ha#*+e", *off +e" 5 &)ha#*' PVSEF&+)#' off 5 &)ha#*'PVoff&+)#' 3
A
.-9 T#ue
A
.-6 T#ue
A
.-: =e He#e a,b a!d ) #efe# to +a$e lo)ato! ! $e$o#= +tll the f#+t th#ee ifs fal be)au+e whle )o$pa#!" the far po!te#+ u+!" 55 &a!dX5' the full 9-bt , >5'o!l= the off+et
A
.-; Hello H Hello H !le far po!te#+, u%e po!te# a#e \!o#$al2edU to a
a+ $u)h of t+
End of Capter ! """ ***
CHAPTER ARRA?S Q
.1 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# aG 5 /]+ual C )ha#*b 5 /]+ual C p#!tf&/8!0d0d, +2eof &a', +2eof &b'' p#!tf&/8!0d0d, +2eof &*a', +2eof &*b'' 3
Q
.o# the follow!" +tate$e!t+ would arr'3 a!d ptr'3 fet)h the +a$e )ha#a)te#%>?e+@No )ha# a##G 5 /+u#p#+ed )ha#*pt# 5 /+u#p#+ed
Q
.9 o# the +tate$e!t+ ! .- doe+ the )o$ple# fet)h the )ha#a)te# arr'3 a!d pt#G9 ! the +a$e $a!!e#%
Q
.6 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$, f the a##a= be"!+ at add#e++ 1-77% $a!& ' ( !t a##G 5 (-,9,6,1,;3 p#!tf&/0d0d,a##,+2eof &a##'' 3
Q
.: Doe+ $e!to!!" the a##a= !a$e "
Q
.; What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$, f the a##a= be"!+ at add#e++ ;:6;% $a!& ' ( !t a##G 5 (1-,16,1:,-9,6:3
p#!tf&/0u0u,a##,Ka##' 3
Q
.B A#e the e4p#e++o!+ arr a!d arr +a$e fo# a! a##a= of 17 !te"e#+%
Q
. What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$, f the a##a= be"!+ at ;:6;% Ya!& ' ( !t a##G 5 (1-,16,1:,-9,6:3 p#!tf&/0u0uU, a## 1, Ka## 1' 3
Q
. Whe! a#e )ha# aG a!d )ha#*a t#eated a+ +a$e b= the )o$ple#%
Q
.17 Would the follow!" p#o"#a$ )o$ple +u))e++full=% $a!& ' ( )ha# aG 5 /Su!+t#oe )ha#*p 5 /)oldwa
Q
.11 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( float aG 5 (1-.6,-.9,6.:,;.B3 p#!tf&/8!0d, +2eof&a'@+2eof&aG7' 3
Q
.1A po!te# to a blo) of a $e$o#= + effe)tT#ue@al+e
Q
.19 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$ f the a##a= be"!+ at ;:6B-% $a!& ' ( !t aG9G6 5 ( 1,-,9,6, 6,9,-,1, B,,,7 3 p#!tf&/8!0u0u, a 1, Ka 1' 3
Q
.16 What doe+ the follow!" de)la#ato! $ea! !t &*pt#'G17
Q
.1: If we pa++ the !a$e of a 1D int a##a= to a fu!)to! t de)a= !to a po!te# to a! int . If we pa++ the !a$e of a -D a##a= of !te"e#+ to a fu!)to! what would t de)a= !to%
Q
.1; How would =ou def!e a fu!)to! f( ) ! the follow!" p#o"#a$% !t a##GYAROWGYACOL fu!&a##'
Q
.1B What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( !t aG9G6 5 ( 1,-,9,6, 6,9,-,, B,,,7 3 !t*pt# pt# 5 KaG7G7 fu! &Kpt#' 3 fu! &!t**p'
( p#!tf&/8!0d,**p' 3
ANSWERS A
.1 11 1 1
A
.?e+
A
.9 No. fo# arr'3 the )o$ple# "e!e#ate+ )ode to +ta#t at lo)ato! a##, $o
A
.6 1-77 17
A
.: No. whe!e
-
A
.; ;:6; ;:6;
A
.B No. e
A
. ;:6 ;:6;
A
. Whe! u+!" the$ a+ fo#$al pa#a$ete#+ whle def!!" a fu!)to!.
A
.17 No. be)au+e we $a= a++"! a !ew +t#!" to a po!te# but !ot to a! a##a=.
A
.11 6
A
.1T#ue
A
.19 ;:67 ;:6;
A
.16 ptr + a po!te# to a! a##a= of 17 !te"e#+.
A
.1: It de)a=+ !to a po!te# to a! a##a= a!d !ot a po!te# to a po!te#.
A
.1; fu! &!t aGGYACOL' ( 3 o# fu!&!t&*pt#'GYACOL' @* pt# + po!te# to a! a##a= *@ ( 3
A
.1B 1
CHAPTER 17 STRINFS
Q
17.1 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( p#!tf&: /a+)$le' 3 A. E##o# . a+)$le C. Yle D. No!e of the abo
Q
17.What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# +t#G 5 /Hello )ha# +t#-G 5 /Hello f &+t#1 5 5 +t#-' p#!tf&/8!Eual' el+e p#!tf&/8!!eual' 3 A. Eual . !eual C. E##o# D. No!e of the abo
Q
17.9 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( p#!tf&/0), /ab)def"hG6' 3 A. E##o# . d C. e D. ab)def"h
Q
17.6
What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# +t#GB 5 /+t#!"+ p#!tf&/0+, +t#' 3 A. E##o# . St#!"+ C. Ca!!ot p#ed)t D. No!e of the abo
Q
17.: How would =ou output 8! o! the +)#ee!%
Q
17.; What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% Ya!& ' ( )ha# )h 5 \AU p#!tf&/0d0d, +2eof &)h', +2eof &)h', +2eof&\AU' 3 A. . C. D.
11 1--1
Q
17.B What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( p#!tf&/8!0d0d0d, +2eof&\9U', +2eof&/9', +2eof&9' ' 3 A. 111 . --C. 1-D. 111
Q
17. I+ the follow!" p#o"#a$ )o##e)t%>?e+@No $a!& ' (
)ha#*+t#1 5 /!ted )ha#*+t#- 5 /f#o!t )ha#*+t#9 +t#9 5 +t#)at&+t#1, +t#-' p#!tf&/8!0+, +t#9' 3
Q
17. How would =ou $p#o
Q
17.17 I! the follow!" )ode wh)h fu!)to! would "et )alled, the u+e#def!ed strcpy( ) o# the o!e ! the +ta!da#d lb#a#=% $a!& ' ( )ha# +t#1G 5 /Jeep !da eautful^ e$"#ateX )ha# +t#-G67 +t#)p= &+t#-, +t#1' p#!tf&/8!0+, +t#-' 3 +t#)p= &)ha#*t, )ha#*+' ( whle&*+' ( *t 5 *+ t + 3 *t 5 \87U 3
Q
17.11 Ca! =ou )o$pa)t the )ode ! strcpy( ) !to o!e l!e%
Q
17.1What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha#*+t#G 5 (/#o"+, /Do, /Not, /De, /The=, /C#o)X3 p#!tf&/0d0d, +2eof&+t#', +2eof&+t#G7' ' 3
Q
17.19 How would =ou f!d the le!"th of ea)h +t#!" ! the p#o"#a$ 17.1- abo
Q
17.16 What + the dffe#e!)e ! the follow!" de)la#ato!+% )ha#*p 5 /Sa$uel )ha# aG 5 /+a$uel
Q
17.1: Whle ha!dl!" a +t#!" do we alwa=+ ha
ANSWERS A
17.1 C
A
17.
A
17.9 C
A
17.6 C. He#e str' ha+ bee! de)la#ed a+ a B )ha#a)te# +t#!" ha+ bee! +to#ed. Th+ would #e+ult !to o
A
17.: P#!tf&/88!'
A
17.;
A
17.B
A
17. No, +!)e what + p#e+e!t ! $e$o#= be=o!d \u!tedU + !ot !ow! a!d we a#e atta)h!" \#o!tU at the e!d of \u!tedU, the#eb= o
A
17. $a!& ' ( )ha# +t#1G1: 5 /!ted )ha#*+t#- 5 /f#o!t )ha#*+t#9 +t#9 5 +t#)at&+t#1,+t#-' p#!tf&/8!0+, +t#9' 3
A
17.17 +e#def!ed strcpy( )
A
17.11 St#)p=&)ha#*t, )ha#*+' ( whle &*t 5 *+ ' 3
A
17.11- -
A
17.19 $a!& ' ( )ha#*+t#G 5 (/#o"+, /Do, /Not, /De, /The=, /)#o)X3 !t fo#& 5 7 >5: ' p#!tf&/8!0+0d, +t#G, +t#le!&+t#G' 3
A
17.16 He#e a + a! a##a= b" e!ou"h to hold the $e++a"e. I!d<dual )ha#)te#+ wth! the a##a= )a! be )ha!"ed but the add#e++ of the a##a= would #e$a! +a$e. O! the othe# ha!d, p + a po!te#, !tal2ed to po!t to a +t#!" )o!+ta!t. The po!te# p $a= be $odfed to a po!t to a!othe# +t#!", but f =ou atte$pt to $odf= the +t#!" at wh)h p + po!t!" the #e+ult + u!def!ed.
A
17.1: A +t#!" )a! be p#o)e++ed o!l= o! a )ha#)te# b= )ha#a)te# ba++.
CHAPTER 11 STRCTRES, NIONS AND ENYERATIONS Q
11.1 What + the +$la#t= betwee! a +t#u)tu#e, u!o! a!d a! e!u$e#ato!%
Q
11.Would the follow!" de)la#ato!+ wo#% t=pedef +t#u)t + ( !t a float b 3+
Q
11.9 Ca! a +t#u)tu#e )o!ta! a po!te# to t+elf%
Q
11.6 Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" )ode. t=peddef +t#u)t ( !t data NODEPTR l! 3 *NODEPTR
Q
11.: How wll =ou el$!ate the p#oble$ ! 11.6 abo
Q
11.; Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" )ode.
Q
11.B Would the follow!" )ode wo#% M!)ludde >allo).h +t#u)t e$p ( !t le! )ha# !a$eG1 3 $a!& ' ( )ha# !ew!a$eG 5 /Rahul +t#u)t e$p *p 5 &+t#u)t e$p*' $allo) &+2eof&+t#u)t e$p' 1 +t#le!&!ew!a$e' 1' ple! 5 +t#le!&!ew!a$e' +t#)p=&p!a$e, !ew!a$e' p#!tf&/8!0d0+,ple!,p!a$e' 3
Q
11. Ca! =ou +u""e+t a bette# wa= to w#te the p#o"#a$ ! 11.B abo
Q
11.
How would =ou f#ee the $e$o#= allo)ated ! 11. abo
Q
11.17 Ca! =ou #ew#te the p#o"#a$ ! 11. +u)h that whle f#ee!" the $e$o#= o!l= o!e )a! )all to free( ) would +uff)e%
Q
11.11 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( +t#u)t e$p ( )ha# *! !t a"e 3 +t#u)t e$p e1 5 (/D#a<d,-93 +t#u)t e$p e- 5 e1 +t#up#&e-.!' p#!tf&/8!0+, e1.!' 3
Q
11.1Po!t out the e##o# f a!=, ! the follow!" )ode. $a!& ' ( +t#u)t e$p ( )ha# !G-7 !t a"e 3 +t#u)t e$p e1 5 (D#a<d,-93 +t#u)t e$p e- 5 e1 f &e1 5 5 e-' p#!tf&/The +t#u)tu#e+ a#e eual' 3
Q
11.19 How would =ou )he) whethe# the )o!te!t+ of two +t#u)tu#e
Q
11.16
How a#e the +t#u)tu#e+ pa++!" a!d #etu#!!" $ple$e!ted b= the )o$ple#%
Q
11.1: How )a! I #ead@w#te +t#u)tu#e+ f#o$@to data fle+%
Q
11.1; If the follow!" +t#u)tu#e + w#tte! to a fle u+!" frite( ),)a! fread( ) #ead t ba) +u))e++full=% +t#u)t e$p ( )ha#*! !t a"e 3 +t#u)t e$p e 5 (/Sua=,1:3 ILE*fp fw#te &Ke, +2eof&e', 1, fp'
Q
11.1B Would the follow!" p#o"#a$ alwa=+ outpGutthe +2e of the +t#u)tu#e+ a+ B b=te+% St#u)t e4 ( )ha# )h !t lo!" !t a 3
Q
11.1 What e##o# do+e the follow!" p#o"#a$ "5 ' +)a!f&/0+0f, eG.!a$e, KeG.+al' 3
Q
11.1 How )a! I dete#$!e the b=te off+et of a feld wth! a +t#u)tu#e%
Q
11.-7 The wa= $e$to!!" the a##a= !a$e o# fu!)to! !a$e wthout G o# & ' =eld+ the# ba+e add#e++e+, what do =ou obta! o! $e!to!!" the +t#u)tu#e !a$e%
Q
11.-1 What + $a!& ' #etu#!!" ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. St#u)t t#a!+a)to! ( !t +!o )ha# de+)G97 )ha# d) float a$ou!t 3 @* He#e + the $a! p#o"#a$.*@ $a! &!t a#"), )ha#*a#"
Q
11.-What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( +t#u)t a ( )ate"o#= : +)he$e 6 3 p#!tf &/+2e 5 0d, +2eof&+t#u)t a'' 3
Q
11.-9 WhatU+ the dffe#e!)e betwee! a +t#u)tu#e a!d the u!o!%
Q
11.-6 I+ t !e)e++a#= that +2e of all ele$e$!t+ ! a u!o! +hould be +a$e%
Q
11.-: Po!t out the e##o# f a!=, ! the follow!" )ode. $a!& ' ( u!o! a ( !t )ha# )hG- 3 u!o! a 2 1 5 (:1-3 u!o! a 2 - 5 (7,-3 3
Q
11.-; What + the dffe#e!)e betwee! a! e!u$e#ato! a!d a +et of p#ep#o)e++o# #defines %
Q
11.-B S!)e e!u$e#ato!+ ha?e+@No
Q
11.- I+ the#e a!= ea+= wa= to p#!t e!u$e#ato!
Q
11.- What + the u+e of bt feld+ ! a +t#u)tu#e de)la#ato!%
Q
11.97 Ca! we ha?e+@No
ANSWERS A
11.1 All of the$ let =ou def!e !ew data t=pe+.
A
11.?e+
A
11.9 Ce#ta!l= +u)h +t#u)tu#e+ a#e !ow! a+ +elf#efe#e!tal +t#u)tu#e+.
A
11.6 A typedef def!e+ a !ew !a$e fo# a t=pe, a!d ! +$ple# )a+e+ le the o!e +how! below =ou )a! def!e a !ew +t#u)tu#e type a!d a typedef fo# t at the +a$e t$e. t=pedef +t#u)t ( )ha# !a$eG-7 !t a"e 3 e$p Howe
A
11.: To f4 th+ )ode, f#+t "
!t data NODEPTR !e4t 3 I! th+ )a+e, =ou de)la#e a !ew typedef !a$e !
A
11.; The struct emp + $e!to!ed ! the p#otot=pe of the fu!)to! modify( ) befo#e def!!" the +t#u)tu#e. To +ol
A
11.B ?e+. The p#o"#a$ allo)ate+ +pa)e fo# the +t#u)tu#e wth the +2e adu+ted +o that the name feld )a! hold the #eu+eted !a$e&!ot u+t a!e )ha#a)te#, a+ the +t#u)tu#e de)la#ato! would +u""e+t'. I do!Ut !ow whethe# t + le"al o# potable. Howe
A
11. The t#ul= +afe wa= to $ple$e!t the p#o"#a$ + to u+e a )ha#)te# po!te# !+tead of a! a##a= a+ +how! below M!)lude >allo).h +t#u)t e$p ( !t le! )ha# *!a$e 3 $a!& ' ( )ha# !eew!a$eG 5 /Rahul +t#u)t e$p*p 5 &+t#u)t e$p*' $allo)&+2eof&+t#u)t e$p'' ple! 5 +t#le!&!ew!a$e' +t#)p=&p!a$e, !ew!a$e' p#!tf&/8!0d0+, ple!, p!a$e' 3 Ob<ou+l=, the /)o!
A
11.
f#ee&p!a$e' f#ee&p'
A
11.17 M!)lude >allo).h +t#u)t e$p ( !t le! )ha#*!a$e 3 $a!& ' ( )ha# !ew!a$eG 5 /Rahul )ha# *buf 5 $allo) &+2eof&+t#u)t e$p' +t#le!&!ew!a$e' 1' +t#u)t e$p *p 5 &+t#u)t e$p*'buf ple! 5 +t#le!&!ew !a$e' p!a$e 5 buf +2eof&+t#u)t e$p' +t#)p=&p!a$e, !ew!a$e' p#!tf&/8!0d0+,ple!, p!a$e' f#ee &p' 3
A
11.11 DRA]ID Whe! a +t#u)tu#e + a++"!ed, pa++ed, o# #etu#!ed, the )op=!" + do!e $o!olth)all=. Th+ $ea!+ that the )ope+ of a!= po!te# feld+ wll po!t to the +a$e pla)e a+ the o#"!al. I! othe# wo#d+, a!=th!" po!ted to t + !ot )oped. He!)e, o! )ha!"!" the !a$e th#ou"h e2.n t auto$at)all= )ha!"ed e1.n.
A
11.1St#u)tu#e+ )a!Ut be )o$pa#ed u+!" the bult! 55 a!dX5ope#ato!+. Th+ + be)au+e the#e + !o +!"le, "ood wa= fo# a )o$ple# to $ple$e!t +t#u)tu#e )o$pa#+o!. A +$ple b=teb=b=te )o$pa#+o! )ould fal whle )o$pa#!" the bt+ p#e+e!t ! u!u+ed padd!"+ ! the +t#u)tu#e &+u)h padd!" + u+ed to eep the al"$e!t of late# feld+ )o##e)t'. A feldb=feld )o$pa#+o! $"ht #eu#e u!a))eptable a$ou!t+ of #epett
A
11.19
+t#u)t e$p ( )ha# !G-7 !t a"e 3 $a!& ' ( +t#u)t e$p e1 5 (/D#a<d, -93 +t#u)t e$p e- +)a!f &/0+0d, e-.!,Ke-.a"e' f &+t#u)t)$p &e1,e-' 557' p#!tf&/The +t#u)tu#e+ a#e eual' el+e p#!tf&/ The +t#u)tu#e+ a#e u!eual' 3 +t#u)t)$p &+t#u)t e$p 4, +t#u)t e$p =' ( f &+t#)$p&4.!,=.!' 55 7' f&4.a"e 5 5=.a"e' #etu#!&7' #etu#!&1' 3 I! +ho#t, f =ou !eed to )o$pa#e two +t#u)tu#e+, =ouUll ha
A
11.16 Whe! +t#u)tu#e+ a#e pa++ed a+ a#"u$e!t+ to fu!)to!+, the e!t#e +t#u)tu#e + t=p)all= pu+hed o! the +ta). To a
A
11.1: To w#te out a +t#u)tu#e we )a! u+e frite( ) a+ +how! below fw#te & Ke, +2eof&e', 1, fp ' whe#e e + a +t#u)tu#e
#u!!!" o! othe# $a)h!e+&o# e
A
11.1; No, +!)e the +t#u)tu#e )o!ta!+ a car po!te# whle w#t!" the +t#u)tu#e to the d+ u+!" frite( ) o!l= the
A
11.1B No. A )o$ple# $a= lea
A
11.1 E##o#loat!" po!t fo#$at+ !ot l!ed. What )au+e+ th+ e##o# to o))u#% Whe! the )o$ple# e!)u!te#+ a #efe#e!)e to the add#e++ of a float,t +et+ a fla" to ha
To fo#)e l!!" of the float!" po!t e$ulato# !to a! appl)ato!, u+t !)lude the follow!" fu!)to! ! =ou# p#o"#a$
A
11.1 ?ou )a! u+e the off+et $a)#o "
A
11.-7 The e!t#e +t#u)tu#e t+elf a!d !ot t+ ba+e add#e++.
A
11.-1
A $++!" +e$)olo! at the e!d of the +t#u)tu#e de)la#ato! + )au+!" main( ) to be de)la#ed a+ #etu#!!" a +t#u)tu#e. The )o!!e)to! + dff)ult to +ee be)au+e of the !te#
A
11.-+2e 5 +!)e we ha
A
11.-9 A u!o! + e++e!tall= a +t#u)tu#e ! wh)h all the feld+ o
A
11.-6 No. u!o! ele$e!t+ )a! be of dffe#e!t +2e+. If +o, +2e of the u!o! + +2e of the lo!"e+t ele$e!t ! the u!o!. A+ a"a!+t th+ the +2e of a +t#u)tu#e + the +u$ of +2e of t+ $e$be#+. I! both )a+e+, the +2e $a= be !)#ea+ed b= padd!".
A
11.-: The ANSI C +ta!da#d allow+ a! !tal2e# fo# the f#+t $e$be# of a u!o!. The#e + !o +ta!da#d wa= of !tal2!" a!= othe# $e$be#, he!)e the e##o# ! !tal2!" / -. Ya!= p#opo+al+ ha
( u!o! a 2 1 5 (:1-3 u!o! b 2 - 5 (7,-3 3
A
11.-; The#e + ha#dl= a!= dffe#e!)e betwee! the two, e4)ept that a Mdef!e ha+ a "lobal effe)t &th#ou"hout the fle' whe#ea+ a! e!u$e#ato! )a! ha
A
11.-B ?e+
A
11.- No. ?ou )a! w#te a +$all fu!)to! &o!e pe# e!u$e#ato!' to $ap a! e!u$e#ato! )o!+ta!t to a +t#!", ethe# b= u+!" a +wt)h +tate$e!t o# b= +ea#)h!" a! a##a=.
A
11.- tfeld+ a#e u+ed to +a
A
11.97 No
CHAPTER 1INPT@ OTPT Q
1-.1 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( !t a 5 -:7
p#!tf&/01d, a' 3
Q
1-.What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( float a 5 9.1::- p#!tf&/8!0;.-f, a' p#!tf&/8!0;.9f, a' p#!tf&/8!0;.6f, a' p#!tf&/8!0:.6f, a' p#!tf&/8!0-.1f, a' p#!tf&/8!07.7f, a' 3
Q
1-.9 I! the follow!" )ode M!)lude>+tdo.h $a!& ' ( ILE*fp fp 5 fope!&/t#al, /t' 3 fp po!t+ to 6. The f#+t )ha#a)te# ! the fle 7. A +t#u)tu#e wh)h )o!ta!+ a car po!te# wh)h po!t+ to the f#+t )ha#a)te# ! the fle The !a$e of the fle C. . No!e of the abo
Q
1-.6 Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. M!)lude /+tdo.h $a!& ' ( u!+"!ed )ha# ILE*fp fp 5 fope!&/t#al, /#' whle&&)h 5 "et)&fp''X 5 EO' p#!tf&/0), )h'
f)lo+e&fp' 3
Q
1-.: Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. M!)lude /+tdo.h $a!& ' ( u!+"!ed )ha# le*fp fp 5 fope!&/t#al, /#' f&Xfp' ( p#!tf&/u!able to ope! fle' e4t& ' 3 f)lo+e &fp' 3
Q
1-.; If a fle )o!ta!+ the l!e /I a$ a bo=8#8! the! o! #ead!" th+ l!e !to the a##a= str u+!" f%ets( ) what wopuld str )o!ta!% A. /I a$ a bo=8#8!87 . /I a$ a bo=8#87 C. /I a$ a bo=8!87 D. / I a$ a bo=
Q
1-.B Po!t out the e##o# f a!= ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. M!)lude /+tdo.h $a!& ' ( ILE *fp fp 5 fope!&/t#al, /#' f+ee&fp,-7,+eeV+et' f)lo+e&fp' 3
Q
1-. To p#!t out a a!d b "
float a 5 9.16 double b 5 9.16 A. . C. D.
Q
1-. To +)a! a a!d b "
Q
p#!tf&/0f0f, a.b' p#!tf&/0Lf0f, a.b' p#!tf&/0Lf0Lf, a.b' p#!tf&/0f0Lf, a.b'
+)a!f&/0f0f, Ka, Kb' +)a!f&/0Lf0Lf, Ka, Kb' +)a!f&/0f0Lf, Ka, Kb' +)a!f&/0f0lf, Ka, Kb'
1-.17 Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. M!)lude /+tdo.h $a!& ' ( ILE*fp Cha# +t#G7 fp 5 fope!&/t#al, /#' whle&Xfeop&fp'' ( f"et+&+t#, 7, fp' put+&+t#' 3 f)lo+e &fp'
Q
1-.11 Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. M!)lude /+tdoh $a!& ' ( )ha# )h !t +)a!f&/0), K'
+)a!f&/0d, K)h' p#!tf&/0)0d, )h, l' 3
Q
1-.1What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( p#!tf&/8!0000' 3
Q
1-.19 Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$% M!)lude /+tdo.h $a!& ' ( ILE*fp fp 5 fope!&/)8t)8t#al, /w' f&Xfp' e4t& ' f)lo+e&fp' 3
Q
1-.16 Would the follow!" )ode wo#% >?e+@No If =e+, what would be the output% $a!& ' ( !t ! 5 : p#!tf&/8!! 5 0*d,!,!' 3
Q
1-.1: What + the * ! the printf( ) of 1-.16 !d)at
Q
1-.1; Ca! we +pe)f= ?e+@No
Q
1-.1B To ta)le a double ! printf( ) we )a! u+e 0 f , whe#ea+ ! scanf( ) we +hould u+e 8lf . >T#ue@al+e
Q
1-.1 Out of f%ets( ) a!d %ets( ) wh)h fu!)to! + +afe to u+e%
Q
1-.1 A fle w#tte! ! te4t $ode )a! be #ead ba) ! b!a#= $ode. >t#ue@al+e
Q
1-.-7 We +hould !ot #ead afte# a w#te to a fle wthout a! !te#T#ue@fal+e
ANSWERS
A
1-.1 -:7
A
1-.9.1; 9.1:: 9.1::9 9.9
A
1-.9
A
1-.6 EO ha+ bee! def!ed a+ #define EO 1 ! the fle /+tdo.h a!d a! u!+"!ed )ha# #a!"e+ f#o$ 7 to -:: he!)e whe! EO + #ead f#o$ the fle t )a!!ot be a))o$$odated ! c. Soluto! + to de)la#e c a+ a! int.
A
1-.: No e##o#.
A
1-.;
C
A
1-.B I!+tead of -7 u+e -7L +!)e fsee$( ) !eed+ a lo!" off+et
A
1-. A. It + po++ble to p#!t a double u+!" 8f.
A
1-. D
A
1-.17 The la+t l!e f#o$ the fle /t#al would be #ead tw)e. To a
A
1-.11 ?ou would !ot "et a )ha!)e to +uppl= a )ha#a)te# fo# the +e)o!d scanf( ) +tate$e!t. Soluto! + to p#e)ede the +e)o!d scanf( ) wth the follow!" +tate$e!t. fflu+h &+td!' Th+ would flu+h out the e!te# ht fo# the p#e<ou+ scanf( ) to be flu+hed out f#o$ the !put +t#ea$, .e. e=boa#d.
A
1-.100
A
1-.19 The path of the fle!a$e +hould ha
A
1-.16 ?e+. !5 :
A
1-.1:
It !d)ate+ that a! int
A
1-.1; No. A \*U ! scanf( ) fo#$at +t#!" afte# a 0 +"! + u+ed fo# +upp#e++o! of a++"!$e!t. That +, the )u##e!t !put feld + +)a!!ed but !ot +to#ed.
A
1-.1B T#ue
A
1-.1 f%ets( ), be)au+e u!le f%ets( ), )a!!ot be told the +2e of the buffe# !to wh)h the +t#!" +uppled would be +to#ed. A+ a #e+ult the#e + alwa=+ a po++blt= of o
A
1-.1 al+e
A
1-.-7 T#ue
CHAPTER 19 COYYAND LINE ARFYENTS
Q
19.1 What do the the \)U a!d \
Q
19.A))o#d!" to ANSI +pe)f)ato!+ wh)h + the )o##e)t wa= of de)la#!" main( ) whe! #e)e
!t a#") )ha#*a#"
Q
3 No!e of the abo
19.9 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% @* +a$ple.)*@ $a!&!t a#"), )ha#**a#"<' ( a#") 5 a#") &a#") 1' p#!tf&/0+, a#"
Q
19.6 If dffe#e!t )o$$a!d l!e a#"u$e!t+ a#e +uppled at dffe#e!t t$e+ would the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$ )ha!"e% >?e+@No $a!&!t a#"), )ha#*a#"
Q
19.: If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + #u! f#o$ the )o$$a!d l!e a+ $=p#o" 1 - 9 what would be the output% $a!&!t a#"), )ha#*a#" a#") ' p#!tf&/0+, a#"
Q
19.; If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + #u! f#o$ the )o$$a!d l!e a+ $=p#o" 1 - 9 what would be the output% $a!& !t a#"), )ha#*a#"
3 A. . C. D.
Q
1-9 ; E##o# /1-9
19.B If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + #u! f#o$ the )o$$a!d l!e a+ $=p#o" 1 - 9 what would be the output% $a!&!t a#"), )ha#*a#"a#") ' 5 ato&a#"
Q
1-9 ; E##o# /1-9
19. Would the follow!" p#o"#a$ "?e+@No $a!&!t a#"), )ha#*a#"
Q
19. If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + #u! f#o$ the )o$$a!d l!e a+ mypro% one to tree what would be the output% $a!&!t a#"), )ha#*a#"
Q
19.17 If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + #u! f#o$ the )o$$a!d l!e a+ mypro% one to tree what would be the output% $a! &!t a#"), )ha#*a#"
Q
19.11 The T#ue@fal+e.
Q
19.1The $a4$u$ )o$b!ed le!"th of the )o$$a!d l!e a#"u$e!t+ !)lud!" the +pa)e+ betwee! ada)e!t a#"u$e!t+ + A. 1- )ha#a)te#+ . -:; )ha#a)te#+ C. ;B )ha#)te#+ D. t $a=
Q
19.19 What wll the follow!" p#o"#a$ output% $a!&!t a#"), )ha#*a#"a#") ' p#!tf&/0+, e!
Q
19.16 If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + #u! f#o$ )o$$a!d l!e a+ $up#o" /*.) what would be the output% $a!&!t a#"), )ha#*a#"
!t fo#& 5 1 >a#") ' p#!tf&/0+, a#"
*.) L+t of all .) fle+ ! the )u##e!t d#e)to#= /*.) No!e of the abo
Q
19.1: If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + #u! f#o$ the )o$$a!d l!e a+ $=p#o" *.) what would bethe output% $a!&!t a#"), )ha#*a#" a#") ' p#!tf&/0+, a#"
Q
19.1; If we wa!t that a!= wld)a#d )ha#)te#+ ! the )o$$a!d l!e a#"u$e!t+ +hould be app#op#atel= e4pa!ded, a#e we #eu#ed to $ae a!= +pe)al p#o<+o!% If =e+, wh)h%
Q
19.1B Doe+ the#e e4+t a!= wa= to $ae the )o$$a!d l!e a#"u$e!t+ a?e+@No
Q
19.1 If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + #u! f#o$ the )o$$a!d l!e a+ $=p#o" a! feb $a# what would be the output% M!)lude /do+.h $a!& ' (
fu!& ' 3 fu!& ' ( !t fo#& 57 >a#") ' p#!tf&/0+, a#"
Q
19.1 If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + p#e+e!t ! the d#e)to#= )8b)8tu)+ the! what would be t+ output% $a!&!t a#"), )ha#*a#"
Q
19.-7 Wh)h + a! ea+= wa= to e4t#a)t mypro% f#o$ the output of p#o"#a$ 19.1 abo
Q
19.-1 Wh)h of the follow!" + t#ue about ar%v% A. It + a! a##a= of )ha#)te# po!te#+ . It + a po!te# to a! a##a= of )ha#a)te# po!te#+ C. It + a! a##a= of +t#!"+ D. No!e of the abo
Q
19.-If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + #u! f#o$ the )o$$a!d l!e a+ $=p#o" $o!da= tue+da= wed!e+da= thu#+da= what would be the output% $a!&!t a#"), )ha#*a#"
p#!tf&/:+, * a#"<' 3 A. . C. D.
Q
$=p#o" $o!da= tue+da= wed!e+da= thu#+da= $o!da= tue+da= wed!e+da= thu#+da= $=p#o" tue+da= Wed!e+da= Thu#+da= No!e of the abo
19.-9 If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + #u! f#o$ the )o$$a!d l!e a+ $=p#o" f#da= tue+da= +u!da= what would be the output% $a!&!t a#"), )ha#*a#" &* a#"
Q
19.-6 If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + #u! f#o$ the )o$$a!d l!e a+ $=p#o" f#da= tue+da= +u!da= what would be the output% $a!&!t a#"), )ha#*a#"
Q
19.-: If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + #u! f#o$ the )o$$a!d l!e a+ $=p#o" f#da= tue+da= +u!da= what would be the output% $a!&!t a#"), )ha#*a#"
( p#!tf&/0), *a#"
Q
# f $ =
19.-; If the follow!" p#o"#a$ (mypro%) + #u! f#o$ the )o$$a!d l!e a+ $=p#o" f#da= tue+da= +u!da= what would be the output% $a!&!t +2eofa#"<, )ha#*a#"
ANSWERS A
19.1 Cou!t of a#"u$e!t+ a!d
A
19. No
A
19. O!e
A
19.17 P
A
19.11 T#ue
A
19.1D
A
19.19
A
19.16 A
A
19.1: A
A
19.1; ?e+. Co$ple the p#o"#a$ a+
t)) $=p#o" wlda#"+.ob Th+ )o$ple+ the fle mypro%.c a!d l!+ t wth the wld)a#d e4pa!+o! $odule WILDARFS.O_, the! #u! the #e+ult!" e4e)utable fle Y?PROF.EE If =ou wa!t the wld)a#d e4pa!+o! to be default +o that =ou wo!Ut ha
A
19.1B ?e+. +!" the p#edef!ed
A
19.1 C8Y?PROF.EE _a! eb Ya#
A
19.1
A
19.-7 M!)luded#.h $a!& !t a#"), )ha#*a#"
A
19.-1 A
A
19.--
A
19.-9
A
19.-6
A
19.-: A
A
19.-; C
CHAPTER 16 ITWISE OPERATORS Q
16.1 What would bethe output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( !t 5 9-, 5 74-7,,l,$ 5 l l 5 K $ 5 ` l p#!tf&/0d0d0d0d0d, ,,,l,$' 3 A. 9- 9- 9- 9- 7 . 77777 C. 7 9- 9- 9- 9D. 9- 9- 9- 9- 9-
Q
16.What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( u!+"!ed !t $ 5 9- p#!tf&/04, $'
3 A. . C. D.
ffff 7777 ffdf ddfd
Q
16.9 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( u!+"!ed !t a 5 o4ffff a p#!tf&/04, a' 3 A. ffff . 7777 C. 77ff D. No!e of the abo
Q
16.6 Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( u!+"!ed !t a,b,),d,e,f a 5 b 5 ) 5 d 5 e 5 f 5 9- a >> 5 - b 5 - ) `5 - d [ 5 - e K 5 - f 5 - p#!tf&/8!040404040404U, a,b,),d,e,f' 3
Q
16.: To wh)h !u$be#!" +=+te$ )a! the b!a#= !u$be# 1711711111777171 be ea+l= )o!
Q
16.; Wh)h btw+e ope#ato# + utable fo# tu#!!" off a pa#t)ula# bt + o! o# off%
Q
16.B Wh)h btw+e ope#ato# + +utable fo# tu#!!" off a pa#t)ula# bt ! a !u$be#%
Q
16. Wh)h btw+e ope#ato# + +utable fo# putt!" o! a pa#t)ula# bt ! a !u$be#%
Q
16. O! left +hft!", the bt+ f#o$ the left a#e #otated a!d b#ou"ht to the #"ht a!d a))o$$odated whe#e the#e + e$pt= +pa)e o! the #"ht% >T#ue@al+e
Q
16.17 Left +hft!" a !u$be# b= 1 + alwa=+ eu?e+@No
Q
16.11 Left +hft!" a! unsi%ned int o# car b= 1 + alwa=+ eu?e+@No
Q
16.1What would bethe output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( u!+"!ed )ha# 5 747 p#!tf&/8!0d, >> 1' 3 A. 7 . -:; C. 177 D. No!e of the abo
Q
16.19 What + the follow!" p#o"#a$ do!"% $a!& ' ( u!+"!ed !t $G 5 (7471, 747-, 7476, 747, 7417, 74-7, 7467, 7473 u!+"!ed )ha# !, +)a!f &/0d, K!'
fo#& 5 7 >5 B ' ( f& ! K $G ' p#!tf&/8!=e+' 3 3 A. . C. D.
Q
Putt!" off all bt+ wh)h a#e o! ! the !u$be# n Te+t!" whethe# the !d<dual bt+ of n a#e o! o# off Th+ p#o"#a$ would "
16.16 What doe+ the follow!" p#o"#a$ do% $a!& ' ( )ha#*+ + 5 fu!&1-, -' p#!tf&/@!0+, +' 3 fu!&u!+"!ed !t !u$, !t ba+e' ( +tat) )ha# buffG99 )ha#*pt# pt# 5 KbuffG+2eof&buff' 1 *pt# 5 \87U do ( *pt# 5 /71-96:;Bab)defG!u$ 0 ba+e !u$@5 ba+e 3whle&!u$ X5 7' #etu#! pt# 3 A. . C.
Q
It )o!
16.1: Mdef!e CHARSIZE Mdef!e YASJ&='& 1 >> = 0 CHARSIZE ' Mdef!e ITSLOT&='& =@CHARSIZE ' Mdef!e SET&4,='& 4GITSLOT&=' [ 5 YASJ&=' ' Mdef!e TEST&4.='& 4GITSLOT&=' K YASJ&=' '
Mdef!e NYSLOTS&!'& &! CHARSIZE 1' @ CHARSIZE ' "
-
-
Q
16.1; Co!+de# the $a)#o+ ! p#oble$ 16.1: abo
Q
16.1B What doe+ the follow!" p#o"#a$ do% $a!& ' ( u!+"!ed !t !u$ !t ) 5 7 +)a!f&/0u, K!u$' fo#& !u$ !u$ 5 1' ( f&!u$ K 1' ) 3 p#!tf&/0d, )' 3 A. It )ou!t+ the !u$be# of bt+ wh)h a#e o! ! the !u$be# num. . It +et+ all bt+ ! the !u$be# num to 1. C. It +et+ all bt+ ! the !u$be# num to 7. D. No!e of the abo
Q
16.1 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( p#!tf& /8!04, 1 6 ' 3 A. ffff . 7fff C. 7777 D. fff7
Q
16.1
I! the +tate$e!t e4p#e++o!1 expression2 f expression1 + a +"!ed !te"e# wth t+ left$o+t bt +et to 1 the! o! #"ht+hft!" t the #e+ult of the +tate$e!t would T#ue@al+e
Q
16.-7 What doe+ the follow!" p#o"#a$ do% $a!& ' ( u!+"!ed !t !u$ !t +)a!f&/0u, K!u$' fo#& 5 7 > 1; ' p#!tf&/0d, &!u$ >> K 1 >> 1:'% 17' 3 A. It p#!t+ all e
ANSWERS A
16.1 A
A
16.C
A
16.9 A
A
16.6 E##o# + ! f 5 -, +!)e the#e + !o ope#ato# le 5.
A
16.: He4ade)$al, +!)e ea)h 6d"t b!a#= #ep#e+e!t+ o!e he4ade)$al d"t.
A
16.; The K ope#ato#
A
16.B The K ope#ato#
A
16. The [ ope#ato#
A
16. al+e
A
16.17 No
A
16.11 ?e+
A
16.1
A
16.19
A
16.16 A
A
16.1: )ha# a##GNYSLOTS&:7 SET&a##, -7' If &TEST &a##, 67' '
A
16.1; Mdef!e CLEAR&4,=' &4GITSLOT&=' K 5 YASJ&=' '
A
16.1B A
A
16.1 A. O! )o$pute#+ wh)h do!Ut +uppo#t +"! e4te!+o! =ou $a= "et .
A
16.1 T#ue
A
16.-7 C
CHAPTER 1: STLETIES O T?PEDE Q
1:.1 A#e the p#ope#te+ of , a!d 4,= ! the follow!" p#o"#a$ +a$e% >?e+@No t=pedef u!+"!ed lo!" !t ul ul , u!+"!ed lo!" !t 4,=
Q
1:.What + the t=pe of compare ! the follow!" )ode +e"$e!t% t=pedef !t &*pt#tofu!'&)ha#*, )ha#*' pt#tofu! )o$pa#e
Q
1:.9 What a#e the ad
%$Q
1:.6 I+ the#e a!= dffe#e!)e ! the #define a!d the typedef ! the follow!" )ode%If =e+, what% t=pedef )ha# *+t#!"Vt Mdef!e +t#!"Vd )ha#* +t#!"Vt +1, +- +t#!"Vd +9, +6
Q
1:.: typedef+s haT#ue@al+e
Q
1:.; Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" de)la#ato! a!d +u""e+t atlea+t th#ee +oluto!+ fo# t. t=pedef +t#u)t ( !t data NODEPTR l! 3 *NODEPTR
Q
1:.B I! the follow!" )ode )a! we de)la#e a !ew typedef !a$e emp e?e+@No t=pedef +t#u)t e$plo=ee *pt# +t#u)t e$plo=ee ( )ha# !a$eG-7 !t a"e pt# !e4t 3
Q
1:. The#e + a! e##o# ! the follow!" de)la#ato!+. Ca! =ou #e)tf= t% t=pedef +t#u)t ( !t data 1 PTR l!1 3*APTR t=pedef +t#u)t ( !t data- APTR l!- 3*PTR
Q
1:. What do the follow!" de)la#ato! $ea!% t=pedef )ha# *p) t=pedef p) fp)& ' t=pedef fp) *pfp) t=pedef pfp) fpfp)& '
t=pedef fpfp) *pfpfp) pfpfp) aGN
Q
1:.17 How would =ou def!e a'0 ! 1:. abo
Q
1:.11 I$p#o
Q
1:.1I+ the follow!" de)la#ato! a))eptable%>?e+@No t=pdef lo!" !o, *pt#to!o !o ! pt#to!o p
Q
1:.19 I! the follow!" )ode what + )o!+ta!t, p o# the )ha#a)te# t + po!t!" to% t=pedef )ha#*)ha#p )o!+t )ha#p p
Q
1:.16 I! the follow!" )ode + p- a! !te"e# o# a! !te"e# po!te#% t=pedef !t*pt# pt# p1, p-
ANSWERS A
1:.1 ?e+
A
1:.-
It + a po!te# to a fu!)to! wh)h #e)e
A
1:.9 The#e a#e th#ee $a! #ea+o!+ fo# u+!" typedefs: &a' It $ae+ w#t!" of )o$pl)ated de)la#ato!+ a lot ea+e#. Th+ help+ ! el$!at!" a lot of )lutte# ! the p#o"#a$. &b' It help+ ! a)he<!" po#tablt= ! p#o"#a$+. That +, f we u+e typedefs fo# data t=pe+ that a#e $a)h!edepe!de!t, o!l= the typedefs !eed )ha!"e whe! the p#o"#a$ + $o
A
1:.6 I! the+e de)la#ato!+ +1,+-, a!d +9 a#e all t#eated a+ )ha#*, but +6 + t#eated a a car, wh)h + p#obabl= !ot the !te!to!.
A
1:.: T#ue
A
1:.; A typedef de)la#ato! )a!!ot be u+ed u!tl t + def!ed, a!d ! ou# e4a$ple t + !ot =et def!ed at the po!t whe#e the lin$ feld + de)la#ed. We )a! f4 th+ p#oble$ ! th#ee wa=+ &a' "
t=pedef +t#u)t !ode *NODEPTR +t#u)t !ode ( !t data NODEPTR l! 3
A
1:.B ?e+
A
1:. The p#oble$ wth the )ode + the )o$ple# doe+!Ut !ow about PTR whe! t + u+ed ! the f#+t +t#u)tu#e de)la#ato!. We a#e <olat!" the #ule that a typedef de)la#ato! )a!!ot be u+ed u!tl t + def!ed, a!d ! ou# e4a$ple t + !ot =et def!ed at the po!t whe#e the lin$ 1 feld + de)la#ed. To a
A
1:.
p) fp) pfp) fpfp) pfpfp) pfpfp) aGN
+ a po!te# to )ha#. + fu!)to! #etu#!!" po!te# to )ha# + po!te# to a fu!)to! #etu#!!" po!te# to )ha# + a fu!)to! #etu#!!" po!te# to a fu!)to! #etu#!!" po!te# to )ha# + a po!te# to a fu!)to! #etu#!!" po!te# to a fu!)to! #etu#!!" po!te# to a )ha# + a! a##a= of N po!te#+ to fu!)to!+ #etu#!!" po!te#+ to a fu!)to!+ #etu#!!" po!te#+ to )ha#a)te#+
A
1:.17 )ha#*&*&*aGN'&''&'
A
1:.11 t=pedef +t#u)t !ode*t#eept# t=pedef +t#u)t !ode ( !t data 1 float data- t#eept#*left t#eept#*#"ht 3t#ee!ode t#eept# pt# pt# 5 &t#eept#'$allo)&+2eof&t#ee!ode''
A
1:.1?e+
A
1:.19 p + )o!+ta!t
A
1:.16 I!te"e# po!te#
CHAPTER 1; THE CONST PHENOYENON Q
1;.1 Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$.
$a!& ' ( )o!+t !t 4 4 5 1- p#!tf&/0d, 4' 3
Q
1;.What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( !t = 5 1- )o!+t !t 4 5 = p#!tf&/0d,4' 3 A. 1- . Fa#ba"e
Q
1;.9 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )o!+t !t 4 5 "et& ' p#!tf&/0d, 4' 3 "et& ' ( #etu#!&-7' 3 A. -7 . Fa#ba"e
Q
1;.6 Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. Mdef!e YA 1- ( )o!+t !t $a4 5 1- )ha# a##a=G$a4 )ha# a##a=GYA
a##a=G7 5 +t#!"G7 5 \AU p#!tf&/0)0), a##a=G7, +t#!"G7' 3
Q
1;.: Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( )ha# $=bufG 5 /Za!2ba# )ha# =ou#bufG 5 /Ze!)ew2 )ha#*)o!+t pt# 5 $=buf *pt# 5 \aU pt# 5 =ou#buf 3
Q
1;.; Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( )ha# $=bufG 5 /Za!2ba# )ha# =ou#bufG 5 /Ze!)ew2 )o!+ta!t )ha# *pt# 5 $=buf *pt# 5 \aU pt# 5 =ou#buf 3
Q
1;.B Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( )ha# $=bufG 5 /Za!2ba# )o!+t )ha#*)o!+t pt# 5 /Hello pt# 5 $=buf *pt# 5 \YU 3
Q
1;. What doe+ the follow!" p#ot=pe !d)ate% St#)p= &)ha#*ta#"et, )o!+t )ha#*+ou#)e'
Q
1;.
What doe+ the follow!" p#otot=pe !d)ate% )o!+t )ha# *)ha!"e &)ha#*, !t'
Q
1;.17 Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( )o!+t )ha#*fu!& ' )ha#*pt# 5 fu!& ' 3 )o!+t )ha#*fu!& ' ( #etu#! /Hello 3
Q
1;.11 I+ the#e a!= e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$%>?e+@No $a!& ' ( )o!+t )ha# *fu!& ' )ha#*pt# 5 fu!& ' 3 )o!+t )ha#*fu!& ' ( #etu#! /Hello 3
Q
1;.1Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( )o!+t )ha# *fu!& ' *fu!& ' 5 \AU 3 )o!+t )ha# *fu!& ' ( #etu#! /Hello 3
Q
1;.19 What do =ou $ea! b= const )o##e)t!e++%
Q
1;.16 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )o!+t !t 4 5 : !t *pt#4 pt#4 5 K4 *pt#4 5 17 p#!tf&/0d, 4' 3 A. : . 17 C. E##o# D. Fa#ba"e
Q
1;.1: What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )o!+t !t 4 5 : )o!+t !t*pt#4 pt#4 5 K4 *pt#4 5 17 p#!tf&/0d, 4' A. : . 17 C. E##o# D. Fa#ba"e
Q
1;.1; Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. $a!& ' ( )o!+t !t 5 B !t*)o!+t 5 K p#!tf&/0d, *' 3
Q
1;.1B What + the dffe#e!)e ! the follow!" de)la#ato!+% )o!+t )ha#*+ )ha# )o!+t*+
Q
1;.1 What + the dffe#e!)e ! the follow!" de)la#ato!+% )o!+t )ha#*)o!+t + )ha# )o!+t*)o!+t +
Q
1;.1 I+ the follow!" a p#ope#l= w#tte! fu!)to!% If !ot, wh= !ot% !t fu! &)o!+t !t !' ( !t a a 5 !*! #etu#! a 3
ANSWERS A
1;.1 Nowhe#e othe# tha! th#ou"h !tal2ato! )a! a p#o"#a$ a++"! a
A
1;.A
A
1;.9 A
A
1;.6 The d$e!+o! of a! a##a= $u+t alwa=+ be a po+t
A
1;.: ptr po!te# + )o!+ta!t. I! ptr 5 yourbuf the p#o"#a$ + t#=!" to $odf= t, he!)e a! e##o#.
A
1;.; ptr )a! be $odfed but !ot the obe)t that t + po!t!" to. He!)e *pt# 5 \AU "
A
1;.B ptr + a )o!+ta!t po!te# to a )o!+ta!t obe)t. we )a! !ethe# $odf= ptr !o# the obe)t t + po!t!" to .
A
1;. We )a! $odf= the po!te# source a+ well a+ tar%et. Howe
A
1;. The fu!)to! can%e( ) #e)e
A
1;.17 Wa#!!" Su+p)ou+ po!te# )o!
A
1;.11 No
A
1;.1 fun( ) #etu#!+ a po!te# to a const )ha#)te# wh)h )a!!ot be $odfed.
A
1;.19 A p#o"#a$ + \)o!+t )o##e)tU f t !e
A
1;.16
A
1;.1: C
A
1;.1; Wa#!!" Su+p)ou+ po!tet )o!
A
1;.1B The#e + !o dffe#e!)e
A
1;.1 The#e + !o dffe#e!)e
A
1;.1 S!)e fun( ) would be )alled b= the
CHAPTER 1B YEYOR? ALLOCATION Q
1B.1 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# *+ )ha#*fu!& ' + 5 fu!& ' p#!tf&/0+, +' 3 )ha#*fu!& ' ( )ha# buffe#G97 +t#)p= &buffe#, /RAY#a#el= adeuate $e$o#=' #etu#! &buffe#' 3
Q
1B.What + the +oluto! fo# the p#oble$ ! p#o"#a$ 1B.1 abo
Q
1B.9 Doe+ the#e e4+t a!= othe# +oluto! fo# the p#oble$ ! 1B.1%
Q
1B.6 How would =ou d=!a$)all= allo)ate a 1D a##a= of !te"e#+%
Q
1B.: How would =ou d=!a$)all= allo)ate a -D a##a= of !te"e#+%
Q
1B.; How would =ou d=!a$)all= allo)ate a -D a##a= of !te"e#+ +u)h that we a#e able to a))e++ a!= ele$e!t u+!" - +ub+)#pt+, a+ ! arr'i'& %
Q
1B.B How would =ou d=!a$)all= allo)ate a -D a##a= of !te"e#+ +u)h that we a#e able to a))e++ a!= ele$e!t u+!" - +ub+)#pt+, a+ ! arr'i'&< Al+o the #ow+ of the a##a= +hould be +to#ed ! ada)e!t $e$o#= lo)ato!+.
Q
1B. How $a!= b=te+ would be allo)ated b= the follow!" )ode% M!)lude /allo).h Mdef!e YAROW 9 Mdef!e YACOL 6 $a!& ' ( !t&*p'GYACOL p 5 !t &*p'GYACOL' $allo)&YAROW* +2eof&*p' 3
Q
1B. what would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% M!)lude /allo).h Mdef!e YAROW 9 Mdef!e YACOL 6 $a!& ' ( !t&*p'GYACOL p 5 &!t &*'GYACOL' $allo)&YAROW* +2eof&*p'' p#!tf&/0d0d, +2eof&p', +2eof&*p'' 3
Q
1B.17 I! the follow!" )ode p + a po!te# to a! a##a= of YACOL ele$e!t+. Al+o, malloc( ) allo)ate+ $e$o#= fo# YAROW +u)h a##a=+. Would the+e a##a=+ be +to#ed ! ada)e!t lo)ato!+% How =ou a))e++ the ele$e!t+ of the+e a##a=+ u+!" p% Mdef!e YAROW 9
Mdef!e YACOL 6 $a!& ' ( !t , !t&*p'GYACOL p 5 &!t&*'GYACOL'$allo)&YAROW*+2eof&*p'' 3
Q
1B.11 How $a!= b=te+ would be allo)ated b= the follow!" )ode% M!)lude /allo).h Mdef!e YAROW 9 Mdef!e YACOL 6 $a!& ' ( !t&*p'GYACOLGYAROW p 5 &!t&*'GYAROWGYACOL'$allo)&+2eof&*p'' 3
Q
1B.1How would =opu d=!a$)all= allo)ate a 9D a##a= of !te"e#+%
Q
1B.19 How $a!= b=te+ of $e$o#= would the follow!" )ode #e+e#
Q
1B.16 How would =ou f#ee the $e$o#= allo)ated b= the follow!" p#o"#a$% M!)lude /allo).h Mdef!e YAROW 9 Mdef!e YACOL 6 $a!& ' ( !t**p,
p 5 &!t**'$allo)&YAROW*+2eof&!t*'' fo#& 5 7 >YAROW ' pG 5 &!t*' $allo)&YACOL* +2eof&!t'' 3
Q
1B.1: How would f#ee the $e$o#= allo)ated b= the follow!" p#o"#a$% M!)lude /allo).h Mdef!e YAROW 9 Mdef!e YACOL 6 $a!& ' ( !t**p, , p 5 &!t**'$allo)&YAROW*+2eof&!t*'' pG7 5 &!t*'$allo)&YAROW*YACOL*+2eof&!t'' fo#& 5 7 >YAROW ' pG 5 pG7 *YACOL 3
Q
1B.1; Would the follow!" )ode wo# fo# all t$e+% $a!& ' ( )ha# *pt# "et+ &pt#' p#!tf&/0+, pt#' 3
Q
1B.1B The follow!" )ode + $p#ope# thou"h t $a= wo# +o$e t$e+. How would =ou $p#o
Q
1B.1 What would be the output of the +e)o!d printf( ) ! the follow!" p#o"#a
%$ M!)lude /allo).h $a!& ' ( !t*p p 5 &!t*'$allo)&-7' p#!tf&/0u, p' @* +uppo+e th+ p#!t+ 1916*@ f#ee&p' p#!tf&/0u, p' 3
Q
1B.1 So$eth!" + lo")all= w#o!" wth th+ p#o"#a$. )a! =ou po!t t out% M!)ludeallo).h $a!& ' ( +t#u)t e4 ( !t float )ha#*+ 3 +t#u)t e4*p p 5 &+t#u)t e4*'$allo)&+2eof&+t#u)t e4' p+ 5 &)ha#*'$allo)&-7' f#ee&p' 3
Q
1B.-7 To free( ) we o!l= pa++ the po!te# to the blo) of $e$o#= wh)h we wa!t to deallo)ate. The! how doe+ free( ) !ow how $a!= b=te+ t +hould deallo)ate%
Q
1B.-1 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% M!)lude /allo).h $a!& ' ( !t*p p 5 &!t*'$allo)&-7' p#!tf&/0d, +2eof&p'' f#ee&p' 3
Q
1B.-Ca! I !)#ea+e the +2e of a +tat)all= allo)ated a##a=%>?e+@No If =e+, how%
Q
1B.-9 Ca! I !)#ea+e the +2e of a d=!a$)all= allo)ated a##a=%>?e+@No If =e+, how%
Q
1B.-6 Suppo+e we a+ realloc( ) to !)#ea+e the allo)ated +pa)e fo# a -7!te"e# a##a= to a 67 !te"e# a##a=. would t !)#ea+e the a##a= +pa)e at the +a$e lo)ato! at wh)h the a##a= + p#e+e!t o# would t t#= to f!d a dffe#e!t pla)e fo# the b""e# a##a=%
Q
1B.-: Whe! #eallo)at!" $e$o#= f a!= othe# po!te#+ po!t !to the +a$e pe)e of $e$o#= do we ha
Q
1B.-; What,+ the dffe#e!)e betwee! malloc( ) a!d calloc( ) fu!)to!+%
Q
1B.-B Wh)h fu!)to! +hould be u+ed to f#ee the $e$o#= allo)ated b= calloc( )%
Q
1B.- malloc( ) allo)ate+ $e$o#= f#o$ the heap a!d !ot f#o$ the +ta). >T#ue@al+e
Q
1B.- How $u+h $a4$u$ $e$o#= )a! we allo)ate ! a +!"le )all to malloc( )%
Q
1B.97 What f we a#e to allo)ate 177 J of $e$o#=%
Q
1B.91 Ca! we d=!a$)all= allo)ate a##a=+ ! e4pa!ded $e$o#=%
Q
1B.9po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" )ode.
Q
1B.99 $a!& ' ( )ha#*pt# *pt# 5 &)ha#*'$allo)&97' +t#)p=&pt#, /RAY #a#el= adeuate $e$o#=' p#!tf &/8!0+, pt#' f#ee&pt#' 3
ANSWERS A
1B.1 The output + u!p#ed)table +!)e buffer + a! auto a##a= a!d would de whe! the )o!t#ol "oe+ ba) to main( ). Thu+ s would be po!t!" to a! a##a= wh)h !o lo!"e# e4+t+.
A
1B.$a!& ' ( )ha#*+ )ha#*fu!& ' + 5 fu!& ' p#!tf&/0+, +' 3 )ha#*fu!& ' ( +tat) )ha# buffe#G97 +t#)p=&buffe#, /RAY #a#el= adeuate $e$o#=' #etu#!&buffe#' 3
A
1B.9 M!)lude /allo).h $a!& '
( )ha#*+ )ha#*fu!& ' + 5 fu!& ' p#!tf&/0+, +' f#ee&+' 3 )ha#*fu!& ' ( )ha#*pt# pt# 5 &)ha#*'$allo)&97' +t#)p=&pt#, /RAY #a#el= adeuate $e$o#=' #etu#! &pt#' 3
A
1B.6 M!)ludeallo).h Mdef!e YA 17 $a!& ' ( !t*p, p 5 &!t*' $allo)&YA*+2eof&!t'' fo#& 5 7 > YA ' ( pG 5 p#!tf&/8!0d, pG' 3 3
A
1B.: M!)lude /allo).h Mdef!e YAROW 9 Mdef!e YACOL 6 $a!& ' ( !t*p, , p 5 &!t*'$allo)&YAROW*YACOL* +2eof&!t'' fo#& 5 7 > YAROW ' ( fo#& 5 7 >YACOL ' ( pG*YACOL ' p#!tf&/0d, pG*YACOL '
3 p#!tf&/8!' 3 3
A
1B.; M!)lude /allo).h Mdef!e YAROW 9 Mdef!e YACOL 6 $a!& ' ( !t**p,, p 5 &!t**'$allo)&YAROW* +2eof&!t*'' fo#& 5 7 > YAROW' pG 5 &!t*'$allo)&YACOL* +2eof&!t'' fo#& 5 7 >YAROW' ( fo#& 5 7 > YACOL ' ( pGG 5 p#!tf&/0d, pGG' 3 p#!tf&/8!' 3
A
1B.B
M!)lude /allo).h Mdef!e YAROW 9 Mdef!e YACOL 6 $a!& ' ( !t**p,, p 5 &!t**'$allo)&YAROW* +2eof&!t*'' pG7 5 &!t*'$allo)&YAROW*YACOL*+2eof&!t'' fo#& 5 7 > YAROW ' pG 5 pG7 *YACOL fo#& 5 7 > YAROW ' ( fo#& 5 7 >YACOL'
( pGpG 5 p#!tf&/0d, pGpG' 3 p#!tf&/8!' 3 3
A
1B. 16 b=te+
A
1B. -
A
1B.17 The a##a= +to#ed ! ada)e!t lo)ato!+. ?ou )a! )o!f#$ th+ b= p#!t!" the# add#e++e+ u+!" the follow!" loop. !t fo#& 5 7 > YAROW ' ( p#!tf&/:d, pG' To a))e++ the a##a= ele$e!t+ we )a! u+e the follow!" +et of loop+ fo#& 5 7 >YAROW' ( fo#& 5 7 >YACOL ' p#!tf&/0d,pGG' 3
A
1B.11 16 b=te+
A
1B.1M!)lude /allo).h Mdef!e YA 9 Mdef!e YA? 6 Mdef!e YAZ : $a!& ' ( !t***p,,, p 5 &!t**'$allo)&YA*+2eof&!t**'' fo#& 5 7 >YA '
( pG 5 &!t**'$allo)&YA?*+2eof&!t*'' fo#& 5 7 >YA? ' ( pGGG 5 I p#!tf&/0d, pGGG' 3 p#!tf&/8!' 3
A
1B.19 It would fal to allo)ate a!= $e$o#= be)au+e -:;*-:; + ;::9; wh)h whe! pa++ed to malloc( ) would be)o$e a !e"at
A
1B.16 fo#& 5 7 > YAROW ' f#ee&pG' f#ee&p'
A
1B.1: f#ee&pG7' f#ee&p'
A
1B.1; No. S!)e pt# + a! u!!tal+ed po!te# t $u+t be po!t!" at +o$e u!!ow! lo)ato! ! $e$o#=. The +t#!" that we t=pe ! would "et +to#ed at the lo)ato! to wh)h pt# + po!t!" the#eb= o
A
1B.1B $a!& ' ( )ha# +1G-: 5 /C=be# )ha# *+- 5 /Pu! +t#)at&+1,+-' p#!tf&/0+,+1' 3
A
1B.1 1916
A
1B.1 The $e$o#= )hu! at wh)h + + po!t!" ha+ !ot bee! f#eed. _u+t f#ee!" the $e$o#= po!ted to b= the +t#u)t p + !ot e!ou"h. Ideall= we +hould ha
A
1B.-7 I! $o+t $ple$e!tato!+ of malloc( ) the !u$be# of b=te+ allo)ated + +to#ed ada)e!t to the allo)ated blo). He!)e t + +$ple fo# free( ) to !ow how $a!= b=te+ to deallo)ate.
A
1B.-1 -
A
1B.-No
A
1B.-9 ?e+, u+!" the realloc( ) fu!)to! a+ +how! below M!)ludeallo).h $a!& ' ( !t*p p 5 &!t*'$allo)&-7' t 5 p t 5 &!t*'#eallo)&p,67' f&t 5 5 NLL' p#!tf&/Ca!!ot #eallo)ate, lea
el+e ( f#ee&p'@*deallo)ate the o#"!al a##a=*@ p 5 t @*+et p to !ewl= allo)ated #e"o!*@ 3 3 3
A
1B.-6 oth. If the f#+t +t#ate"= fal+ the! t adopt+ the +e)o!d. If the f#+t + +u))e++ful t #etu#!+ the +a$e po!te# that =ou pa++ed to t othe#w+e a dffe#e!t po!te# fo# the !ewl= allo)ated +pa)e.
A
1B.-: If #eallo)& ' e4pa!d+ allo)ated $e$o#= at the +a$e pla)e the! the#e + !o !eed of #eadu+t$e!t of othe# po!te#+. Howe
A
1B.-; A+ a"a! malloc( ), calloc( ) !eed+ two a#"u$e!t+, the !u$be# of ele$e!t+ to be allo)ated a!d the +2e of ea)h ele$e!t. o# e4a$ple, p 5 &!t*' )allo)&17, +2eof&!t'' would allo)ate +pa)e fo# a 17!te"e# a##a=. Addto!all=, calloc( ) would al+o +et ea)h of th+ ele$e!t wth a
A
1B.-B The +a$e that we u+e wth malloc( ), .e. free( ).
A
1B.- t#ue
A
1B.- ;6 J
A
1B.97
+e the +ta!da#d lb#a#= fu!)to!+ farmalloc( ) a!d farfree( ).The+ fu!)to!+ a#e +pe)f) to DOS.
A
1B.91 ?e+. +!" !te##upt 74;B, the detal+ of wh)h a#e be=o!d the +)ope of th+ boo .
A
1B.9Whle a++"!!" the add#e++ #etu#!ed b= malloc( ) we +hould u+e ptr a!d !ot -ptr.
CHAPTER 1 ]ARIALE NYER O ARFYENTS Q
1.1 Wh)h hea#e# fle +hould =ou !)lude f =ou a#e to de
Q
1.What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% M!)lude>+tdo.h M!)lude>+tda#".h $a!& ' ( fu!&/Noth!" +pe)f), 1,6,B,11,7' 3 fu!&)ha#*$+",^' ( !t tot 5 7
Q
1.9
I+ t !e)e++a#= that ! a fu!)to! wh)h a))ept+
Q
1.6 )a! the f4ed a#"u$e!t+ pa++ed to the fu!)to! wh)h a))ept+ ?e+@No
Q
1.: Po!t out the e##o#, f a!= ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. M!)lude>+tda#".h $a!& ' (
Q
1.; Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. M!)lude>+tda#".h $a!& ' (
Q
1.B Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$.
M!)lude >+tda#".h $a!& ' ( fu!&1,6,B,11,7' 3 fu!&^' (
Q
1. The $a)#o T#ue@al+e.
Q
1. The $a)#o T#ue@al+e
Q
1.17 Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. M!)lude /+tda#".h $a!& ' ( d+pla=&6, \AU, \aU, \bU, \)U,' 3 d+pla=&!t !u$,^.' ( )ha# )!t 5 !u$ ' ( ) 5
Q
1.11 Ye!to! a!=
Q
1.1Po!t out the e##o#, f a!=, ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. M!)lude /+tda#".h $a!& ' ( d+pla=&6,1-.:, 19.:, 16.:, 66.9' 3 d+pla=&!t !u$, ^.' ( float ) !t 5 !u$ ' ( ) 5
Q
1.19 Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. M!)lude /+tda#".h $a!& ' ( d+pla=&/Hello, 6.-, 1-.:, 19.:, 16.:, 66.7' 3 d+la=&)ha#*+, !t !u$1,!t !u$-,^.' ( float ) !t
Q
1.16 Ca! we pa++ a ?e+@No
Q
1.1: Whle def!!" a ?e+@No
Q
1.1; Ca! we w#te a fu!)to! that tae+ a ?e+@No
Q
1.1B Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. M!)lude /+tda#".h $a!& ' ( d+pla=&/Hello, 6, 1-, 19, 16, 66' 3 d+pla=&)ha#*+,^' ( +how&+, ^' 3 +how&)ha#*t, ^' (
Q
1.1 How would =ou #ew#te p#o"#a$ 1.1B +u)h that so( ) + able to ha!dle
Q
1.1 If u+e the follow!" printf( ) to a p#!t a lo!" int wh= I a$ !ot wa#!ed about the t=pe $+$at)h% p#!tf&/0d, !u$'
Q
1.-7 Ca! =ou w#te a fu!)to! that wo#+ +$la# to printf( )%
Q
1.-1 how )a! a )alled fu!)to! dete#$!e the !u$be# of a#"u$e!t+ that ha
Q
1.-Ca! the#e be at lea+t +o$e +oluto! to dete#$!e the !u$be# of a#"u$e!t+ pa++ed to a
Q
1.-9 Po!t out the e##o# ! the follow!" p#o"#a$. M!)lude /+tda#".h $a!& ' ( !t &*p1'& ' !t&*p-'& ' !t fu!1& ', fu!-& ' p1 5 fu!1 p- 5 fu!- d+pla=&/=e, p1, p-' 3 d+pla= &)ha#*+, ^' ( !t&*pp1'& '
Q
1.-6 How would =ou #e)tf= the e##o# ! the p#o"#a$ 1.-9 abo
ANSWERS A
1.1 D
A
1.6
A
1.9 ?e+
A
1.6 No
A
1.: S!)e ptr ha+ !ot bee! +et at the be"!!!" of the
A
1.; I##e+pe)t
A
1.B The#e + !o f4ed a#"u$e!t ! the def!to! of fun( ).
A
1. al+e
A
1. T#ue
A
1.17 Whle e4t#a)t!" a car a#"u$e!t+ u+!" va=ar% we +hould u+ed c va=ar% &pt#,!t'.
A
1.11 p#!tf&)o!+t )ha#*fo#$at, ^'
A
1.1Whle e4t#a)t!" a float a#"u$e!t+ u+!" va=ar% we +hould ha
A
1.19 Whle +ett!" the ptr to the be"!!!" of
A
1.16 No. E
A
1.1: ?e+
A
1.1; ?e+
A
1.1B The )all to so( ) + $p#ope#. Th+ + !ot the wa= to pa++
A
1.1 M!)lude /+tda#".h $a!& ' ( d+pla=&/Hello, 6, 1-, 19, 16,66' 3 d+pla=&)ha#*+,^' (
a ' ( ! 5
A
1.1 Whe! a fu!)to! a))ept+ a
A
1.-7 M!)lude >+tdo.h M!)lude>+tda#".h $a!& ' (
p 5 f$t fo#&p 5 f$t *pX 5 \87U p' ( f&*p X 5 \0U' ( put)ha#&*p' )o!t!ue 3 p +wt)h&*p' ( )a+e \)U 5 7' ( 5 put)ha#&\\' 3 put+&)o!
A
1.-1 t )a!!ot. A!= fu!)to! that tae+ a
A
1.-whe! the a#"u$e!t+ pa++ed a#e all of +a$e t=pe we )a! th! of pa++!" a +e!t!el
A
1.-9 va=ar% )a!!ot e4t#a)t the fu!)to! po!te# f#o$ the
A
1.-6 +e typedef a+ +how! below M!)lude /+tda#".h $a!& ' ( !t&*p1'& ' !t&*p-'& '
!t fu!1& ', fu!-& ' p1 5 fu!1 p- 5 fu!- d+pla=&/=e, p1,p-' 3 d+pla= &)ha#*+, ^.' ( !t&*pp1'& ', &*pp-'& '
CHAPTER 1 COYPLICATED DECLARATIONS Q
1.1 What do the follow!" de)la#ato!+ +"!f=% A. !t*f& ' . !t&*pf'& ' C. )ha#**a#"< D.
Q. R. S. T. .
!t**&*f'&!t**, !t**&*'&!t**, !t**' '
Q
1.What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# !ea#*!ea#*pt#1 )ha# !ea#*fa#*pt#- )ha# !ea#*hu"e*pt#9 p#!tf&/0d0d0d, +2eof&pt#1', +2eof&pt#-', +2eof&pt#9' ' 3
Q
1.9 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# fa#*!ea#*pt#1 )ha# fa#*fa#*pt#- )ha# fa#*hu"e*pt#9 p#!tf&/0d0d0d, +2eof&pt#1', +2eof&pt#-', +2eof&pt#9'' 3
Q
1.6 What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# hu"e*!ea#*pt#1 )ha# hu"e*fa#*pt#- )ha# hu"e*hu"e*pt#9 p#!tf&/0d0d0d, +2eof&pt#1', +2eof&pt#-', +2eof&pt#9' 3
Q
1.: What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# hu"e*!ea#*fa#*pt#1
)ha# !ea#*fa#*hu"e*pt#- )ha# fa#*hu"e*!ea#*pt#9 p#!tf&/0d0d0d, +2eof&pt#1', +2eof&pt#-', +2eof&pt#9'' 3
Q
1.; what would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# hu"e*!ea#*fa#*pt#1 )ha# !ea#*fa#*hu"e*pt#- )ha# fa#*hu"e*!ea#*pt#9 p#!tf&/0d0d0d, +2eof&pt#1', +2eof&*pt#-', +2eof&**pt#'' 3
Q
1.B what would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# hu"e*!ea#*fa#*pt#1 )ha# !ea#*fa#*hu"e*pt#- )ha#*fa#*hu"e*!ea#*pt#9 p#!tf&/0d0d0d, +2eof&*pt#1', &**pt#-', +2eof&pt#9'' 3
Q
1. What would be the output of the follow!" p#o"#a$% $a!& ' ( )ha# hu"e*!ea#*fa#*pt#1U )ha# !ea#*fa#*hu"e*pt#- )ha# fa#*hu"e*!ea#*pt#9 p#!tf&/0d0d0d, +2eof&**pt#1', +2eof&pt#-', +2eof&*pte9'' 3
Q
1. A#e the follow!" de)la#ato!+ +a$e%>?e+@No )ha# fa#*fa#*+)# )ha# fa# fa#**+)#
Q
1.17
How would =ou de)la#e the follow!" A! a##a= of th#ee po!te#+ to cars. A! a##a= of th#ee car po!te#+. A po!te# to a! a##a= of th#ee )ha#+. A po!te# to a fu!)to! wh)h #e)e
-
-
-
-
Q
1.11 Ca! =ou w#te a p#o"#a$ wh)h a p#o"#a$ wh)h would $ple$e!t the follow!" de)la#ato!.
ANSWERS A A A A
A
A A
A A
A A A
1.1 A f + a fu!)to! #etu#!!" po!te# to a! int. 1.1 pf + a po!te# to a fu!)to! wh)h #etu#!+ a! !t. 1.1 C ar%v + a po!te# to a car po!te#. 1.1 D f + a! a##a= of 17 fu!)to!+ po!te#+, whe#e ea)h fu!)to! #e)e
A
A
A
A
A
A
1.1 N f + a fu)!to! #etu#!!" po!te# to a##a= G of po!te# to a fu!)to! #etu#!!" )ha#. 1.1 O x + a! a##a= of th#ee po!te#+ to fu!)to!+ #etu#!!" po!te#+ to a! a##a= of f
A
1.-66
A
1.9 -66
A
1.6 -66
A
1.: 66-
A
1.; 666
A
1.B ---
A
1. 666
A
1. No
A
1.17 )ha#*pt#G9 )ha#*pt#G9 )ha#&*pt#'G9 float*&*pt#'&!t*'
A
1.11 $a!& ' (
CHAPTER -7 LIRAR? NCTIONS Q
-7.1
What do the fu!)to!+ atoi( ), itoa( ) and %cvt( ) do% Show how would =ou u+e the$ ! a p#o"#a$.
Q
-7.Doe+ the#e e4+t a!= othe# fu!)to! wh)h )a! be u+ed to )o!
Q
-7.9 How would =ou u+e sort( ) fu!)to! to +o#t a! a##a= of +t#u)tu#e+%
Q
-7.6 How would =ou u+e sort( ) fu!)to! to +o#t the !a$e+ +to#ed ! a! a##a= of po!te#+ to +t#!"+%
Q
-7.: how would =ou u+e bsearc( ) fu!)to! to +ea#)h a !a$e +to#ed ! a! a##a= of po!te#+ to +t#!"+%
Q
-7.; How would =ou u+e the fu!)to! sin( ), po( ), srt( )%
Q
-7.B How would =ou u+e the fu!)to! memcpy( )%
Q
-7. How would =ou u+e the fu!)to! memset( )<
Q
-7. How would =ou u+e the fu!)to! memmove( )%
Q
-7.17 How would =ou u+e the fu!)to!+ fsee$( ),fread( ), frite( ) and ftell( )%
Q
-7.11 How would =ou obta! the )u##e!t t$e a!d dffe#e!)e betwee! two t$e+%
Q
-7.1How would =ou u+e the fu!)to! randomi/e( ) a!d random( )<
Q
-7.19 Would the follow!" p#o"#a$ alwa=+ output \a!"alo#eU% $a!& ' ( )ha# +t#1G 5 /a!"lo#e667717 )ha# +t#-G17 +t#!)p=&+t#-, +t#1, ' p#!tf&/8!0+, +t#-' 3
Q
-7.16 Ca! =ou +ho#te! th+ )ode% $a!& ' ( )ha# +t#1G 5 /a!"lo#e667717 )ha# +t#-G17 +t#-G7 5 \87U +t#!)at&+t#-, +t#1, ' p#!tf&/0+, +t#-' 3
Q
-7.1: How would =ou $ple$e!t a substr( ) fu!)to! that e4t#a)t+ a +ub+t#!" f#o$ "
Q
-7.1; F
Q
-7.1B w#te the )o$pa#+o! fu!)to!+ s=compare( ) fo# the follow!" )ode. +t#u)t& ' (
!t d,$,= 3 +V)o$pa#e&)o!+t 6 ' p#!tf&/8!0d0d0d, ddG.d, ddG.$, ddG.=' 3
Q
-7.1 How +hould we +o#t a l!ed l+t%
Q
-7.1 WhatU+ the dffe#e!)e betwee! the fu!)to!+ rand( ), random( ), strand( ) and randomi/e( )%
Q
-7.-7 WhatU+ the dffe#e!)e betwee! the fu!)to!+ $e$$o
Q
-7.-1 How would =ou p#!t a +t#!" o! the p#!te#%
Q
-7.-Ca! =ou u+e the fu!)to!+ fprintf( ) #o d+pla= the output o! the +)#ee!%
A
-7.1
ANSWERS
ato& ' toa& ' ")
)o!
M!)lude /+tdlb.h $a!& ' ( )ha# +G 5 /1-96: )ha# buffe#G1:, +t#!"G-7 !t 5 ato&+' p#!tf&/8!0d, ' ")
A
-7.The fu!)to! sprintf( ) )a! be u+ed fo# th+ pu#po+e. Th+ fu!)to! al+o ha+ the ablt= to foe$at the !u$ebe#+ a+ the= a#e )o!
A
-7.9 M!)lude /+t#!".h M!)lude /+tdlb.h +t#u)t +tud ( !t #oll!o !t $a#+
)ha# !a$eG97 3 !t +o#tV$&+t#u)t +tud*, +t#u)t +tud*' !t +o#tV!a$e&+t#u)t +tud*, +t#u)t +tud*' !t +o#tV$a#+&+t#u)t +tud*, +t#u)t +tud*' $a!& ' ( +tat) +t#u)t +tud ++G 5 ( (1:, ;, /A+ha=3, (-, B, /Yadhu#3, (, :, /A+h 6 4' p#!tf&/8!0d0+0d, ++G4.#oll!o, ++G4.!a$e, ++G4.$a#+' p#!tf&/8!8!l! o#de# of !a$e+' +o#t&++, 6, w, +o#tV!a$e', fo#&4 5 7 4>6 4' p#!tf&/8!0d0+0d, ++G4.#oll!o, ++G4.!a$e, ++G4$a#+' p#!tf&/8!8!l! o#de# of $a#+' +o#t&++, 6, w,+o#tV$a#+' fo#&4 5 7 4 > 6 4' p#!tf&/8!0d0+0d, ++G4.#oll!o, ++G4.!a$e, ++G4.$a#+' 3 !t +o#tV$ &+t#u)t +tud *t1, +t#u)t +tud *t-' ( #etu#! &t1 #oll!ot-#oll!o' 3 !t +o#tV!a$e&+t#u)t +tud*t1, +t#u)t +tud *t-' ( #etu#!&+t#)$p&t1!a$e, t-!a$e'' 3 !t +o#tV$a#+&+t#u)t +tud *t1, +t#u)t +tud *t-'
( #etu#! &t-$a#+ t1$a#+' 3
A
-7.6 M!)lude /+t#!".h M!)lude /+tdlb.h !t +o#t!a$e&)o!+t : ' p#!tf&/8!0+,!a$e+G' 3 !t +o#tV!a$e&)o!+t
A
-7.: M!)lude /+t#!".h M!)lude /+tdlb.h !t +o#tV!a$e&)o!+t
/A+ha=, /Yadhu#, /A+h: ' p#!tf&/8!0+, !a$e+G' wde 5 +2eof&!a$e+G7' !el 5 +2eof&!a$e+'@ wde b 5 b+ea#)h&K+, !a$e+, !el, wde, b+V)o$pa#e' f&b 5 5 NLL' p#!tf&/!ot fou!d' el+e p#!tf&/8!8!0+, *b' 3 !t +o#tV!a$e&)o!+t
A
-7.; M!)lude /$ath.h $a!& ' ( !t a!" float a!"#ad,4,=,a,b p#!tf&/8!E!te# the a!"le ! de"#ee+'
+)a!f&/0d, Ka!"' a!"#ad 5 a!"*9.16@17 4 5 +!&a!"#ad' a 5 pow&4,-' b 5 1 a = 5 +#t&b' p#!tf&/8!)o+!e of a!"le+ 0d + 5 0f, a!", =' 3
A
-7.B M!)lude /$e$.h M!)lude /allo).h $a!& ' ( !t a#ea )ha# +)#G 5 /p#a=, !ot fo# l"hte# load, but fo# +t#o!"e# ba) )ha#*de+t a#ea 5 +2eof&+)#' de+t 5 $allo)&a#ea' $e$)p= 5 &de+t, +)#, a#ea' p#!tf&/8!0+, +)#' p#!tf&/!0+, de+t' 3
A
-7. M!)lude /$e$.h $a!& ' ( !t a#ea )ha# +)#G 5 /o! ou#, Yada$ a#ea 5 +2eof&+)#' $e$+et&+)#, \XU, a#ea B' p#!tf&/8!0+, +)#'U 3
A
-7.
M!)lude /$e$.h M!)lude /allo).h $a!& ' ( !t a#ea )ha# *de+t )ha# +)#G 5 /lfe + the )a$e#a a!d =ou a#e the ta#"et /+o eep +$l!" alwa=+ a#ea 5 +2eof&+)#' de+t 5 $allo)&a#ea' $e$$o
A
-7.17 M!)lude /+tdo.h +t#u)t +tud ( !t #oll!o )ha# !a$eG17 float pe# 3e ILE*f+ $a!& ' ( lo!" po+to! 5 7l !t #ollo!o )ha# )h float te$p f+ 5 fope!&/+tud.dat, /#b' f&f+ 5 5 NLL' ( put+&/!able to ope! fle' e4t&1' 3 do
( p#!tf&/8!E!te# )ode !o. to $odf=' +)a!f&/0d, K#oll!o' whle&f#ead&Ke, +2eof&e', 1, f+' 5 5 1' ( f&e.#oll!o 55 #oll!o' ( p#!tf&/8!E!te# the !ew #e)o#d' +)a!f&/0+0f, e.!a$e, Kte$p' e.pe# 5 te$p f+ee&f+, po+to!, SEEJVSET' fw#te&Ke, +2eof&e', 1, f+' b#ea 3 po+to! 5 ftell&f+' 3 put+&/?ou wa!t to $odf= #e)o#d+' )h 5 "et)he& ' 3whle &)h 55 \=U' 3
A
-7.11 M!)lude /t$e.h M!)lude /do+.h $a!& ' ( t$eVt t1, t- doulble dff, f !t 5 - t$e&Kt1' +leep&' t$e&Kt-' dff 5 dfft$e&t-, t1' p#!tf&/8!P#o"#a$ wa+ a)t
A
-7.1M!)lude /do+.h M!)lude /+tdo.h
$a!& ' ( #a!do$2e& ' p#!tf&/8!P#e++ a!= e= to +top.' whle&Xbht& ' ' ( +ou!d&#a!do$&:77'' dela=&#a!do$&177'' !o+ou!d& ' 3
A
-7.19 No. be)au+e afte# )op=!" the +ou#)e +t#!" !to the ta#"et +t#!" strncpy( ) doe+!Ut te#$!ate the ta#"et +t#!" wth a \87U. A bette# wa= of )op=!" would be +t#-G7 5 \87U +t#)at&+t#-, +t#1, ' strncat( ) alwa=+ te#$!ate+ the ta#"et +t#!" wth a \87U.
A
-7.16 ?e+, u+!" sprintf( ) aa+ +how! below $a!& ' ( )ha# +t#1G 5 /a!"alo#e 667717 )ha# +t#-G17 +p#!tf&+t#-, /0.*+, , +t#1' p#!tf&/0+, +t#-' 3
A
-7.1: $a!& ' ( )ha# +t#1G 5 /a!"alo#e )ha# +t#-G: @* e4t#a)t 9 )ha#a)te#+ be"!!!" wth f#+t )ha#a)te#*@ +ub+t#&t+#-, +t#1, 1, 9' p#!tf&/0+, +t#-'
3 +ub+t#&)ha# *t, )ha#*+, !t po+, !t le!' ( tG7 5 \87U +t#!)at&t, + po+, le!' 3
A
-7.1; M!)lude /+tdo.h M!)lude /+t#!".h $a!& ' ( )ha# +t#G 5 /Th++ + a te+t )ha#*pt#G17 )ha#*p !t 5 1, p 5 +t#to&+t#, /' f&pX 5 NLL' ( pt#G7 5 p whle&1' ( p 5 +t#to&NLL, /' f&p 5 5 NLL' b#ea el+e ( pt#G 5 p 3 3 3 fo#& 5 7 > ' p#!tf&/8!0+, pt#G' 3
A
-7.1B !t +V)o$pa#e&)o!+t
f&+p1 =>+p-=' #etu#!&1' el+e f&+p1 =+p-=' #etu#!&1' el+e f&+p1 $>+p-$' #etu#!&1' el+e f&+p1 $+p-$' #etu#!&1' el+e f&+p1 d >+p- d' #etu#!&1' el+e f&+p1 d +p- d' #etu#!&1' el+e #etu#!&7' 3
A
-7.1 Ofte! tU+ ea+e# to eep the l+t ! o#de# a+ we buld t #athe# tha! +o#t!" t late#. +tll f we wa!t to +o#t the l+t the! we )a! allo)ate a te$po#a#= a##a= of po!te#+, fll t wth po!te#+ to the
A
-7.1 rand( ) #etu#!+ a #a!do$ !u$be#. random( ) #etu#!+ a #a!do$ !u$be# ! a +pe)fed #a!"e. strand( ) !tal2e+ a #a!do$ !u$be# "e!e#ato# wth a "
A
-7.-7 oth the fu!)to!+ )op= a blo) of b=te+ f#o$ +ou#)e to de+t!ato!. Howe
A
-7.-1 M!)lude /+tdo.h $a!& ' ( )ha# +t#G 5 /The#e would!Ut ha
A
-7.-?e+, b= #epla)!" the u+ual fle po!te# wth stdout a+ +how! below fp#!tf&+tdout, /0+0d0f, +t#, ,a'
