Topik 4 Kemahiran Asas Bola Jaring

Zcpag :



Gmhkdarkn K|k| Bcfk krani

DK\AF PMHBMFKOKRKN Ja kgdar zcpag ana& knjk |mdkr}|nqk jkpkz? ;.

Hmnikp Hmnikpfag fagk|a k|agkn gkn gmhkda gmhkdarkn rkn(gm (gmhkd hkdark arkn n k|k| k|k| |mpmrz |mpmrzaa dknzkr dknzkrkn kn bcfk& bcfk& hmnmrahk bcfk& imrkgkn gkga& gkykfkn lkrk hmnikhbaf bkfanikn& hmnokrani& fchpkzkn $fcnokgkn! jkn fcnzkrkn gm jkfkh pkjkni7 jkn

2.

Hmnig Hmnigkoa koa zmgnag zmgnag(zm (zmgna gnag g jkn jkn |zrkz |zrkzmia mia pmrhka pmrhkankn nkn jmnikn jmnikn h}jkd. h}jkd.

:.;

GMHKDARKN K\K\

\}jkd zmnz} pmrhkankn ana zmfkd hmnkrag pmrdkzakn knjk. \mbmf}h gazk hmnimzkd}a jmnikn fmbad fkno}z fkia hkrafkd gazk hmnigkoa kpkgkd gmhkdarkn( gmhkdarkn k|k| qkni pmrf} knjk gmzkd}a }nz}g hkdar jkfkh pmrhkankn ana. Gmhkdarkn k|k| jkfkh |}gkn khkz pmnzani jagmzkd}a cfmd pmhkan. Pmhkan pmrf} jahkgf}hgkn zmnzkni pmrgkrk ana gmrknk gmhkdarkn kgkn zmr}| jazanigkzgkn jkra |mhk|k gm |mhk|k jkn ja}bkd|}ka hmniag}z pmranigkz jkn gmkjkkn |}gkn az}.  O}r}fkzad hmhkangkn pmrknkn pmnzani }nz}g hmnanigkzgkn gmhkdarkn pmhkan. Ja knzkrk gmhkdarkn qkni qkni pmnzani jkfkh |}gkn ana kjkfkd? gmhkdarkn qkni qkni hmfabkzgkn pmrimrkgkn gkga& zknikn jkn bkjkn7 jkn gmhkdarkn hmnimnjkfagkn   bcfk qkni hmfabkzgkn hmnknigkp& hmfcnzkr& hmnikykf& hmnimfkg jkn hmnokrani. Gmhkdarkn ana zmrhk|}gfkd zmrhk|}gfkd o}ik hmnidknzkr kzk} hmhbkfani& hmrmb}z& hmfchpkz jkn hmhb}kz dkfknikn kzk}p}n hmnidkjkni. Fkzadkn |mlkrk |a|zmhkzag jkpkz hmnanigkzgkn zkrke gmhkdarkn pmhkan(pmhkan jkfkh |}gkn ana.

=5

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:.2

ZCPAG :

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI

DKNZKRKN

Zmrjkpkz bmrbkika(bkika lkrk hmnidknzkr kzk} hmfcnzkr bcfk. Ak bmriknz}ni gmpkjk bmbmrkpk ekgzcr |mpmrza okrkg knzkrk pmhkan& gmj}j}gkn pmnidkfkni jkn gmlmgkpkn pmhkan. Bcfk bcfmd jadknzkr jkfkh gmkjkkn bmrimrkg kzk} bmrjara jmnikn hmnii}nkgkn |mbmfkd kzk} j}k bmfkd zknikn. Dknzkrkn bcfk bcfmd jafkg}gkn |mlkrk hmncfkg& hmfcnzkr& hmfmrmz kzk} hmfkf}a gmpkfk. Kpkbafk hmnidknzkr bcfk& hm|zafkd y}o}j pmr|mekdkhkn ja knzkrk qkni hmnidknzkr jkn qkni hmnmrahk fcnzkrkn. Oagk bcfk qkni jadknzkr zajkg jkpkz jazknigkp& bmrmrza fcnzkrkn zmr|mb}z kjkfkd g}rkni bkag.

:.2.;

Dknzkrkn Krk| Bkd}

Dknzkrkn ana |mrani jafkg}gkn gmrknk bcfk dknzkrkn pkrk| bkd} ana jkpkz jafcnzkr jmnikn fmbad ok}d jkn zaniia. Bcfk qkni jadknzkr jmnikn lkrk ana |}gkr }nz}g japanzk| kzk} jarmb}z jmnikn h}jkd cfmd padkg fkykn. Dknzkrkn ana& oagk jafkg}gkn jmnikn zmgnag qkni bmz}f& kgkn hmnokja fmbad g}kz& lmpkz jkn zmpkz. Dknzkrkn bmiana bcfmd jab}kz gm dkjkpkn pmnmrahk. Pmrdkzagkn zmgnag(zmgnag dknzkrkn qkni bmz}f |mbmf}h knjk hkdar jkfkh pmrhkankn ana.

$k! $k!

Pmik Pmikni ni bcfk bcfk ja ja kzk| kzk| zkpk zkpkg g zkn zknik ikn n gkn gknkn kn

$b!

Gkga gara hmfknigkd hmfknigkd |mfknigkd |mfknigkd gm dkjkpkn& dkjkpkn& bmrzanjkg bmrzanjkg |mbkika |mbkika pkg|a pkg|a gmpkjk pmrimrkgkn gkga gknkn

$l! $l!

Bmrk Bmrkzz bkj bkjkn kn bmrk bmrkjk jk ja kzk| kzk| gkga gkga gknk gknkn n

$j!

Bkyk bcfk gm bmfkgkn bmfkgkni i gmpkfk gmpkfk jmnikn jmnikn gmj}j} gmj}j}gkn gkn |ag} jabmnigcgg jabmnigcggkn kn

$m!

Panjkd Panjkdgkn gkn bmrk bmrkzz bkjkn bkjkn jkra jkra gkga gkga gknkn gknkn gm gkga gkga gara gara |mhk| |mhk|kk hmhb}k hmhb}kzz dknzkrkn

$e!

Zcfkg Zcfkg bcfk bcfk jmnikn jmnikn g}kz g}kz jkn jkn zmr} zmr}|| gm dkjkpk dkjkpkn n kzk} kzk} ÂefalgÏ ÂefalgÏ

$i!

Zknikn Zknikn jkn okra okra ag}z ag}z fkok fkokg g krkd krkd bcfk bcfk jadk jadknzk nzkrr

$d!

Bkia dknzkrkn dknzkrkn okrkg ok}d& ok}d& i}nkgk i}nkgkn n pmrimrkgk pmrimrkgkn n ÂydapÏ ÂydapÏ pmrimfknik pmrimfknikn n zknikn zknikn jkn okra

ZCPAG :

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI



=9

Zmgnag dknzkrkn pkjk krk| bkd}

:.2.2

Dknzkrkn Krk| Jkjk

Dknzkrkn krk| jkjk akfkd |kz} dknzkrkn qkni g}kz& lmpkz jkn }nz}g  okrkg qkni zajkg  bmiaz}  ok}d. Dknzkrkn ana |m|}ka }nz}g gmkjkkn qkni pknzk| jkn hmhmrf}gkn zanjkgkn |mimrk.

$k!

Okra Okra zknik zknikn n pmhka pmhkan n jab} jab}gk gk }nz}g }nz}g hmnlmn hmnlmnig igkh kh bcfk. bcfk.

$b!

Bcfk hm|zafkd hm|zafkd bmrjmgkzkn bmrjmgkzkn jmnikn jmnikn bkjkn& bkjkn& akaz} pkjk krk| jkjk. Zknikn Zknikn jabmnigcggkn jkn |ag} o}ik dmnjkgfkd jkfkh gmj}j}gkn |mahbkni

$l!

Bkjkn Bkjkn pmhkan pmhkan dmnj dmnjkgf kgfkd kd jkfkh jkfkh gmj} gmj}j}g j}gkn kn |mahb |mahbkni kni jmni jmnikn kn gkga gkga gara gara gm dkjkpkn.

$j!

Pmhkan Pmhkan dmnj dmnjkgf kgfkd kd hmnik hmnikhba hbaff |kz} |kz} fknigk fknigkd d gm krkd krkd fcnzk fcnzkrkn rkn..

$m!

\ag} \ag} jkn gm|mh gm|mh}k }k okra okra dmnjkg dmnjkgfkd fkd jaf}r jaf}r}|g }|gkn kn jkn jkn zknikn zknikn jazc jazcfkg fkg gm gm dkjkpkn |mrmnzkg jmnikn jmnikn gmg}kzkn fcnzkrkn fcnzkrkn bcfk.

Zmgnag dknzkrkn pkjk krk| jkjk

=4

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:.2.<

ZCPAG :

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI

Dknzkrkn \a|a # Bkykd Bkd}

Dknzkrkn ana bcfmd jab}kz rmnjkd gm bkykd oagk pmnidkfkni hmf}r}|gkn zkniknnqk gm dkjkpkn }nz}g hmnidkfkni. Dknzkrkn ana bcfmd jab}kz jmnikn hmnii}nkgkn |kz} kzk} j}k zknikn. Lkrk dknzkrkn dkhpar |khk jmnikn lkrk hmfcnzkr bcfk bkfani. Bkikahknkp}n dknzkrkn ana okrkni jai}nkgkn gmrknk g}rkni zmpkz jkn gkjkni(gkjkni |}gkr hmnmrahknqk.

$k!

Zmgna Zmgnag g qkni qkni |khk |khk |mpmrz |mpmrzaa hmfkg hmfkg}gk }gkn n dknzk dknzkrkn rkn kzk| kzk| bkd} bkd}

$b!

Zknikn Zknikn gknkn gknkn qkni jadkq}n jadkq}n gm bmfkgk bmfkgkni ni dmnjkgfkd dmnjkgfkd bmrkjk pkjk pkrk| paniikni

$l!

Zcfkg Zcfkg bcfk bcfk jmnikn jmnikn h hmnii mnii}nkg }nkgkn kn pmrimfknik pmrimfknikn n zknik zknikn n |khbaf |khbaf hmn}gkrg hmn}gkrgkn kn  bmrkz bkjkn jkra gkga bmfkgkni gm gkga dkjkpkn

Zmgnag dknzkrkn pkjk |a|a#bkykd bkd}

:.2.:

Dknzkrkn Kzk| Gmpkfk $Fcb!

Dknzkrkn ana kjkfkd |mr}pk jmnikn jmnikn fcnzkrkn hk|}g qkni jafkg}gkn jafkg}gkn jkfkh |}gkn bcfk |mpkg& gml}kfa gmj}j}gkn gkga pmhkan qkni kikg fcniikr jkfkh fcnzkrkn bcfk okrani. Dknzkrkn ana jai}nkgkn kpkbafk pmhkan qkni zmrfabkz jadkjkni kzk} jadkfkni cfmd pmhkan fkykn. ]nz}g hmhb}kz dknzkrkn fcb pmhkan qkni anian hmhb}kz dknzkrkn pmrf}fkd hmfcnzkrgkn bcfk |mzaniia qkni  bcfmd gm krkd kdfa pk|}gknnqk qkni fkan.

$k!

Gmj}k Gmj}k zknikn zknikn hmnlmnig hmnlmnigkh kh bcfk bcfk jkn hmhbkyknq hmhbkyknqkk gm gm pkrk| pkrk| gmpkfk gmpkfk |khbaf |khbaf |ag} zknikn jabmnigcggkn |}pkqk bcfk jabkyk gm bmfkgkni jkn pkjk krk|  bkd}.

ZCPAG :

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI



=1

$b!

Pmhkan Pmhkan kgkn kgkn hmnc hmncfkg fkg bcfk bcfk gm kzk| kzk| |mg} |mg}kz kz qkni qkni h}ni h}nigan gan jkn jkn hmnikq}ngkn zknikn gm dkjkpkn |khbaf |ag} jaf}r}|gkn.

$l!

Pmhkan Pmhkan hmfmpk| hmfmpk|gkn gkn bcfk |mhk|k |mhk|k |ag} |ag} jaf}r}|gk jaf}r}|gkn n jkn jkn zknikn zknikn hk|ad hk|ad ja kzk| gmpkfk.

$j!

Gkga pmhkan bmrkjk |khk kjk jkfkh jkfkh gmj}j}gk gmj}j}gkn n |mfkra |mfkra kzk} |kfkd |kz} jkrapkjknqk bmrkjk ja dkjkpkn hmniag}z gm|mfm|kkn pmhkan.

Zmgnag dknzkrkn fcb

:.2.=

Dknzkrkn Fknz}n

Dknzkrkn fknz}n |mrani jai}nkgkn kpkbafk zmrjkpkz rkhka pmhkan bmrg}hp}f ja |kz}(|kz} gkyk|kn imfkniikni& zmr}zkhknqk kpkbafk dkhpar jmnikn gkyk|kn  okranikn. Dknzkrkn ana rmnjkd |kdkok jkn jafkg}gkn kpkbafk pmhkan fkykn fmbad zaniia jkrapkjk pmhkan qkni hmhb}kz kzk} hmnmrahk dknzkrkn. Dknzkrkn fknz}n bcfmd jabkfani jmnikn |kz} kzk} j}k zknikn zmzkpa |mfkf}nqk jmnikn hmnii}nkgkn gmj}k bmfkd zknikn kikr bkfanikn bcfk hmokja fmbad |zkbaf& lmpkz jkn zmpkz.

$k!

Gmj}k Gmj}k bmfkd bmfkd zkni zknikn kn hmhmik hmhmikni ni bcfk bcfk pkjk pkjk krk| krk| jkjk jkjk

$b!

Pmhkan Pmhkan hmfknig hmfknigkd kd |mzkpk |mzkpkg g gm gm dkjkpkn dkjkpkn&& fk fkf} f} hmncfk hmncfkg g bcfk bcfk gm gm fknzka fknzka kikr  bcfk jafknz}n |mh}fk jkn jkpkz ja|khb}z cfmd kdfa pk|}gknnqk.

$l!

Kpkbafk Kpkbafk hmni hmnii}n i}nkgk kgkn n |mbmfkd |mbmfkd zkni zknikn& kn& imrkg imrkgkn kn |khk |khk |mpmrz |mpmrzaa dknzkrk dknzkrkn n   bkd}& zmzkpa pmhkan dmnjkgfkd hmrmnjkdgkn bkjkn jmnikn lkrk hmhbmnigcggkn |mjagaz f}z}z. Z}o}knnqk kjkfkd }nz}g hmnidknzkr bcfk gm bkykd kzk} gm |mbmfkd#|a|a fkykn.

50



ZCPAG :

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI

Zmgnag dknzkrkn fknz}n

:.<

IMRKGKN GKGA

Jkfkh pmrhkankn bcfk okrani& imrkgkn gkga hmr}pkgkn |kfkd |kz} gmhkdarkn pmnzani qkni pmrf} kjk bkia |mh}k pmhkan. ]nz}g hmnanigkzgkn gmhkdarkn ana& |m|mcrkni pmhkan hm|zafkd bcfmd bmrfkra jmnikn fko} jkn pkjk okrkg qkni   bmrbmk. Jak pmrf}fkd hmhp}nqka gmzknigk|kn }nz}g hmn}gkr dkf}kn |mlkrk |mrzk(hmrzk |khbaf hmhml}z. Zmrjkpkz bmbmrkpk lkrk ja hknk imrkgkn gkga bcfmd jai}nkgkn jkfkh pmrhkankn bcfk okrani. Gmhkdarkn imrkgkn gkga o}ik |mfkf} jagkazgkn jmnikn gmhkdarkn fkan. Imrkgkn gkga ja |ana bmrhkgnk kpkbafk |m|mcrkni pmhkan az} zmfkd hmnmrahk bcfk& jak hmfchpkz kzk} hmfcnokg |mhk|k hmnidknzkr jkn hmnokrani bcfk. Pmhkan( pmhkan qkni jkpkz hmni}k|ka gmhkdarkn ana kgkn hmhp}nqka gmfmbadkn ja hknk hmrmgk jmnikn h}jkd jkpkz hmnimfkggkn jara jkrapkjk jagkykf cfmd pmhkan fkan |khk kjk |mhk|k hmhb}kz dknzkrkn& hmnmrahk bcfk kzk}p}n hmhb}kz okranikn. Zmrjkpkz j}k lkrk qkni bcfmd jafkg}gkn cfmd pmhkan |mzmfkd hmnmrahk bcfk |khk kjk jkrapkjk dknzkrkn rkgknnqk kzk} dk|af jkrapkjk dknzkrkn pmhkan fkykn. Pmrzkhk& hmnjkrkz jmnikn hmnii}nkgkn |mbmfkd gkga jkn gmj}k& hmnjkrkz hmnii}nkgkn gmj}k bmfkd gkga.

Gmhkdarkn imrkgkn gkga

ZCPAG :

:.<.;

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI



5;

Hmnjkrkz Kzk| \mbmfkd Gkga

$k!

Pmhkan Pmhkan bcfmd bcfmd hmnjk hmnjkrkz rkz jmni jmnikn kn hmnii} hmnii}nkg nkgkn kn gkga gkga gknkn gknkn jkn jaag jaag}za }za jmnikn gkga gara. ]nz}g hmniahbknigkn bkjkn& pmhkan dmnjkgfkd hmfcnzkrgkn bcfk |mbmf}h gkga qkni h}fk hmnjkrkz zkja hmhaokg fknzka |mh}fk.

$b!

\mfmpk \mfmpk|| hmnkni hmnknigkp gkp bcfk bcfk&& pmhkan pmhkan kgkn kgkn hmnjk hmnjkrkz rkz pkjk pkjk |mbmfk |mbmfkd d gkga& gkga& hmfchpkz jkra gkga qkni |khk gm gkga qkni |kz} fkia jkn hmfchpkz |mh}fk |mbmf}h hmfmpk|gkn hmfmpk|gkn bcfk. Ana kgkn hmhbmranqk pmf}kni pmf}kni }nz}g hmniahbknigkn jara jkn bmrimrkg ok}d ja |khpani hmhbmra gmg}kzkn gmpkjk fcnzkrkn bcfk qkni |mzmr}|nqk.

Hmnjkrkz kzk| |mbmfkd gkga

:.<.2

Hmnjkrkz Kzk| J}k Bmfkd Gkga

\mfmpk| hmnmrahk bcfk& hmnmrahk  bcfk& pmhkan bcfmd7 pmhkan  bcfmd7

$k!

Hmnjkrkz Hmnjkrkz ja kzk| kzk| gmj}k gmj}k bmfkd bmfkd gkga& hmfknigkd hmfknigkd jmnikn jmnikn |mbmfkd |mbmfkd gkga |mrzk hmhbkfani bcfk.

$b!

Pmhkan Pmhkan jabmnkr jabmnkrgkn gkn hmnjkrkz hmnjkrkz ja kzk| kzk| gmj}k gmj}k bmfkd gkga |mlkrk |mlkrk |mrmnzk |mrmnzkg g jkn jkn gmh}jaknnqk zmr}| hmfchpkz jmnikn j}k bmfkd gkga zmr|mb}z zmzkpa bcfk hm|zafkd jabkfani gmpkjk rkgkn pk|}gkn qkni fkan |mbmf}h hmnjkrkz |mh}fk.

$l!

Jkfkh Jkfkh pmnjkr pmnjkrkzk kzkn n gmj}k( gmj}k(j}k j}k gkga gkga ana& ana& pmhkan pmhkan bcfmd bcfmd hmhaf hmhafad ad |mbmfk |mbmfkd d gkga gkga |mbkika pkg|a }nz}g hmhbcfmdgknnqk bmrp}|ani bmbmrkpk gkfa pkjk gkga qkni |kz} fkia |mbmf}h hmnidknzkr bcfk gmpkjk kdfa pk|}gkn qkni fkan. Ana   bmrz}o}kn }nz}g hmhbcfmdgkn pmhkan qkni |mjkni hmhmikni bcfk hmnlkra jkn hmhmrdkzagkn gmpkjk |akpk |mzmr}|nqk bcfk kgkn jadknzkr.

52



ZCPAG :

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI

? Hmnjkrkz ja kzk| gmj}k bmfkd gkga

:.:

GKYKFKN

\mh}k pmhkan pmrf}fkd hkhp} }nz}g hmnokja pmnqmrkni jkn o}ik bmrhkan |mbkika pmrzkdknkn. Bak|knqk& pk|}gkn pk|}gkn qkni hmni}k|ka hmni}k|ka bcfk jakniikp |mbkika |mbkika pk|}gkn pmnqmrkni |mhmnzkrk pk|}gkn fkyknnqk jakniikp pk|}gkn pmrzkdknkn. Hkgk& |mzakp pmhkan pmrf} hkdar hmnknigkp jkn hmfcnzkr bcfk. Kpkbafk hmnqmrkni& pmhkan hm|zafkd pknzk| hmnikzk|a fkyknnqk jkn bmrimrkg hmnlkra r}kni gc|cni }nz}g hmnmrahk dknzkrkn. Pmhkan bcfmd hmnimfkggkn kzk} hmfmpk|gkn jara jkrapkjk gkykfkn pk|}gkn fkykn jmnikn hmnimfkg& hmfchpkz kzk} hmn}gkr dkf}kn |mhk|k bmrfkra. \mzakp imrkgkn ana dmnjkgfkd jafkg}gkn jmnikn pknzk|. Pmhkan qkni hmnmrahk dknzkrkn p}fk o}ik dmnjkgfkd pknzk| bmrimrkg |khk kjk gm dkjkpkn kzk} gm |a|a pmhkan qkni hmhb}kz dknzkrkn |}pkqk jak jkpkz hmnimfkg jkrapkjk jadkfkni cfmd fkykn. Gmzagk bmrzkdkn& pmhkan dmnjkgfkd hmnidkfkni pk|}gkn fkykn jkrapkjk hmhb}kz dknzkrkn kzk} okranikn. \mbkika pk|}gkn qkni hmhb}kz pmrzkdknkn& |mzakp pmhkan kgkn hmnikykf fkykn hk|ani(hk|ani jkn |mbcfmd(bcfmdnqk l}bk }nz}g hmrkhpk| |mh}fk pmni}k|kkn bcfk. Fkahnqk& gkykfkn jafkg}gkn |mlkrk |kz} fkykn |kz} ja hknk |mzakp pmhkan kgkn hmnikykf fkyknnqk |mpknokni pmrhkankn. Kpkbafk hmnikykf jkn hmnidkfkni& pmhkan dmnjkgfkd hmnoknigkgkn krkd kzk} dkf}kn bcfk qkni kgkn jafcnzkr. Ana zmrhk|}gfkd o}ik hmnoknigkgkn gmpkjk |akpk jkfkh pk|}gkn pk|}gkn fkykn bcfk zmr|mb}z kgkn jadknzkr.

:.:.;

Lkrk Hmnikykf

Zmgnag hmnikykf o}ik pmnzani jkfkh pmrhkankn ana? $k!

Pmhkan Pmhkan qkni qkni hmnik hmnikykf ykf kzk} kzk} bmrzkd bmrzkdkn kn dmnjk dmnjkgfk gfkd d bmrjara bmrjara bmrdk bmrdkjkp jkpkn kn jmnikn pmhkan qkni hmnqmrkni. Okrkg gmj}k(j}k pmhkan akfkd ;.< hmzmr

ZCPAG :

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI



5<

jkra gkga dkjkpkn pmnqmrkni. Zknikn pmhkan qkni hmnikykf hm|zafkd jafmzkggkn ja bmfkgkni kzk} rkpkz jmnikn bkjkn. $b!

Pmhkan Pmhkan d dmnjkg mnjkgfkd fkd hmncfmd hmncfmd gm gm bmfkgkn bmfkgkni i |mgkfa( |mgkfa(|mgkf |mgkfkk bkia bkia hmhmrd hmhmrdkzagk kzagkn n ja hknk bcfk bmrkjk ja |khpani zmr}| hmnikykf pmhkan fkykn hk|ani( hk|ani.

$l!

Pmhkan Pmhkan jabcf jabcfmdg mdgkn kn hmnid} hmnid}f}r f}rgkn gkn zknik zknikn n }nz}g }nz}g l}bk hmnid hmnidkfk kfkni ni bcfk bcfk |khbaf bmrimrkg gm krkdnqk& jmnikn |qkrkz okrkg knzkrk pmhkan pmrzkdknkn jmnikn pmhkan pmnqmrkni kjkfkd pkjk okrkg qkni jabmnkrgkn.

$j!

Jkfkh kpk o}k o}k lkrk lkrk hmniky hmnikykf& kf& pmhkan pmhkan zajkg jabmnkrgkn jabmnkrgkn hmnqmnz}d hmnqmnz}d padkg fkykn.

? Lkrk hmhb}kz dkfknikn qkni bmz}f

]nz}g hmnikykf pmhkan qkni hmhp}nqka bcfk& pmhkan pmnidkfkni bcfmd hmnii}nkgkn |mbmfkd kzk} j}k bmfkd zkniknqk qkni jad}f}rgkn gm krkd zknikn pmhkan fkykn $Rkokd :.1! |}pkqk ak bmrkjk ja knzkrk okrkg bkfanikn jkn krkd   okrkg bkfanikn az}. ]njkni(}njkni imrkg gkga hm|za japkz}da jkfkh lkrk gkykfkn ana.

:.:.2 Hmnikykf _cn Z}o}kn hmnikykf lkrk bmiana akfkd }nz}g hmnikykf |m|}kz} gkyk|kn bmrhkan   bkia hmnimfar}gkn padkg fkykn jkn jkfkh pkjk hk|k qkni |khk hmni}lkr( niklargkn |zrkzmia pk|}gkn pmnqmrkni. Lkrk ana kgkn hmhbknz} pk|}gkn pmrzkdknkn hmrkhpk| bcfk jkrapkjk padkg fkykn. Gkykfkn lkrk ana bcfmd jafkg}gkn ja hknk(hknk bkdkiakn imfkniikni zmzkpa bak|knqk jafkg}gkn ja  bkdkiakn zmnikd jkn pmrzkdknkn jkfkh b}fkzkn okranikn.

5:



:.=

ZCPAG :

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI

HMNOKRANI

Hmnokrani kjkfkd |kz} fkia gmhkdarkn pmnzani jkfkh |}gkn ana. \mzakp pmhkan pmrf} hkdar hmhb}kz okranikn. Ykfk}p}n dknqk zmrjkpkz j}k crkni pmhkan qkni jabmnkrgkn hmhb}kz okranikn akaz} IK jkn I\& nkh}n pmhkan(pmhkan fkan o}ik pmrf} hmhp}nqka gmhkdarkn ana. Ana gmrknk& kjkgkfknqk pmnokrani zajkg jkpkz bmrhkan jmnikn bkag jkn jak pmrf} pmrf } jaiknza jmnikn pmhkan qkni fkan. Pmrl}bkkn hmnokranigkn icf bcfmd jafkg}gkn ja hknk(hknk zmhpkz ja jkfkh   b}fkzkn okranikn. Qkni pmnzani akfkd ak pmrf} ja|m|}kagkn jmnikn lkrk hmnknigkp bcfk& gmj}j}gkn pmnokrani jkfkh b}fkzkn okranikn jkn gmzaniiakn pmnidkfkni. Gmhkdarkn hmhb}kz okranikn hmhmrf}gkn gmzmpkzkn pkjk |k|krkn jkn pkjk imfkni okrani. Gkyk|kn okranikn dknqk bcfmd jaj}j}ga cfmd pmhkan(pmhkan I\& IK& IG& jkn IJ |kdkok. Zmzkpa dknqk I\ jkn IK qkni bcfmd hmhb}kz okranikn& |mhmnzkrk qkni j}k fkia bmrzanjkg |mbkika pmnidkfkni jkrapkjk pk|}gkn fkykn.   Okranikn jagark hk|}g kpkbafk bcfk hmhk|}ga fafazkn okranikn. ]nz}g hmnokja pmnokrani qkni bkag& |m|mcrkni pmhkan hm|zafkd pknzk|& lmgkp jkn bmrdkza(dkza. Pmnokrani dkr}|fkd pknzk| bmrfkra kzk} hmfchpkz |mrzk lmgkp hmnknigkp bcfk qkni jadknzkr gmpkjknqk. Zmrjkpkz bmbmrkpk lkrk okranikn bcfmd jab}kz. Knzkrknqk akfkd okranikn |zkzag |mbmfkd zknikn& okranikn |khbaf hmfchpkz jkn okranikn |khbaf bmrfkra.

:.5

 OKRANIKN \ZKZAG \MBMFKD ZKNIKN

$k!

Jmnikn Jmnikn lkrk lkrk ana& ana& pmhkan pmhkan bmrja bmrjara ra |mahbk |mahbkni ni jmnik jmnikn n bmrkz bmrkz bkjknnq bkjknnqkk ja kzk| kzk| gmj}k bmfkd gkga |mhmnzkrk zknikn qkni hmhb}kz okranikn bmrkjk ja dkjkpkn |mjagaz.

$b!

Zknikn Zknikn qkni qkni hmnokrani hmnokrani jaf}r}|gk jaf}r}|gkn n jkn jkn zkpkg zkpkg zknikn zknikn zmrd}f} zmrd}f}rr gm kzk| jmnikn okra jab}gk jkn bcfk bmrkjk ja kzk| okra jkn ab} okra $b}gkn ja zkpkg zknikn!.

$l!

Zknik Zknikn n pmhkan pmhkan jad} jad}f}r f}rgkn gkn gm gm kzk| kzk| |}pkq |}pkqkk bcfmd bcfmd bmrkj bmrkjkk |khk |khk zaniia zaniia jmnikn pkrk| gmpkfk $kzk} fmbad! jkn hmn}hp}gkn pmrdkzakn gm |kz} krkd ja b}fkzkn okranikn.

$j!

Jkra gmj}j}gkn gmj}j}gkn ana& bmnigcggk bmnigcggkn n |ag} |ag} jkn jkn bkyk bkyk bcfk bcfk gm pkrk| h}gk& h}gk& jkn |mrmnzkg jmnikn ana& bmnigcggkn f}z}z.

$m!

Gmh}jakn Gmh}jakn f}r}|gkn f}r}|gkn f}z}z jkn zcfkg bcfk jmnikn jmnikn zknikn zknikn gm krkd okranikn. okranikn.

ZCPAG :

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI



5=

Hmnokranigkn icf jmnikn |mbmfkd zknikn

:.5.;

Hmnokrani \khbaf Hmfchpkz

Lkrk ana |khk o}ik jmnikn lkrk hmnokrani bmrjara |zkzag. L}hk bmknqk akfkd kpkbafk dmnjkg hmhb}kz okranikn& pmnokrani kgkn hmfchpkz jkn hmfmpk|gkn  bcfk gm okrani. Gmj}j}gkn bkjkn& gkga jkn zknikn kjkfkd |khk |mpmrza hmhb}kz   okranikn |zkzag. Gmfmbadkn okranikn lkrk ana akfkd hmhbmra pmf}kni gmpkjk pmnokrani hmrkpkzgkn hmrkpkzgkn jara jmnikn icf hmnmr}|a fchpkzknnqk. fchpkzknnqk.

? Hmnokrani |khbaf hmfchpkz

:.5.2

Hmnokrani \khbaf Bmrfkra

]nz}g hmhb}kz okranikn |khbaf bmrfkra& }njkni(}njkni imrkg gkga hm|zafkd japkz}da. Kpkbafk hmhb}kz okranikn& pmhkan hm|zafkd hmhk|zagkn fkf}kn gm krkd zakni icf fkpkni jkn zajkg jadkfkni cfmd padkg h}|}d |}pkqk hmh}jkdgknnqk hmn}o} gm krkd zakni icf. Lkrknqk akfkd pmhkan hmfchpkz jmnikn gkga qkni bmrzmnzknikn jmnikn zknikn qkni hmhmikni bcfk jkn

55



ZCPAG :

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI

hmfmpk|gkn bcfk |khbaf hmfchpkz. Imrkgkn ana pmnzani jkfkh gmhkdarkn hmnokrani lkrk ana. Gmfmbadkn hmnokrani lkrk ana akfkd okranikn jkpkz jab}kz jmnikn pknzk| jkn hmnq}gkrgkn pmhkan fkykn hmhb}kz dkfknikn. Nkh}n hmnokrani jmnikn zmgnag ana hmhmrf}gkn ikb}nikn gmpknzk|kn jkn gmzmpkzkn qkni bmz}f(bmz}f zaniia. Ana jkpkz jalkpka jmnikn fkzadkn qkni bmr}fkni(}fkni.

:.9

FCHPKZKN $FCNOKGKN!

Gmhkdarkn hmfchpkz kzk} hmfcnokg hm|za jazanigkzgkn jkra |mhk|k gm |mhk|k gmrknk |mrani zmrjkpkz pmhkan qkni zajkg jkpkz hmfchpkz jmnikn bmz}f. Hmfchpkz hmr}pkgkn }n|}r pmnzani jkfkh |}gkn ana fmbad(fmbad fkia kpkbafk pmhkan bmrdkjkpkn jmnikn padkg fkykn qkni fmbad zaniia.

$k!

Gmfko} Gmfko}kn kn bmrfkr bmrfkraa dmnjkgf dmnjkgfkd kd jazani jazanigkz gkzgkn gkn gmzaniiakn fchpkzkn qkni hkg|ah}h.

$b!

\mhk|k \mhk|k hmfchp hmfchpkz& kz& gmpkfk hm|za f}r}| gm kzk| kzk| jkn jkn zknik zknikn n jad}f}rg jad}f}rgkn kn gm gm kzk| }nz}g hmnknigkp.

:.4

|}pk |}pkqk qk

jkpkz jkpkz

hmnlk hmnlkpka pka

FCNZKRKN GM JKFKH

Fcnzkrkn kzk} dknzkrkn gm jkfkh jab}kz kpkbafk bcfk zmrgmf}kr jkra gkyk|kn imfkniikni. Kpkbafk bcfk zmrgmf}kr& pk|}gkn qkni zajkg hmnqmnz}d bcfk |mhk|k ak gmf}kr imfkniikni imfkniikni kgkn hmhb}kz fcnzkrkn gm jkfkh. jkfkh. Z}o}knnqk akfkd }nz}g hmnmr}|gkn |mh}fk pmrhkankn qkni zmrdmnza az}. Bmrag}z kjkfkd bmbmrkpk pmrkz}rkn jkfkh hmhb}kz fcnzkrkn gm jkfkh? $k!

Pmhkan Pmhkan qkni qkni kgkn kgkn hmhb} hmhb}kz kz fcnzkr fcnzkrkn kn bmrja bmrjara ra ja f}kr f}kr imfknii imfkniikni kni jmni jmnikn kn hmfmzkggkn |mbmfkd gkganqk bmrdkhparkn jmnikn ikra|kn $oknikn bmrjara ja kzk| ikra|kn kzk} hmhaokgnqk!.

$b!

Z}nii Z}nii} } a|qkrkz a|qkrkz jkrapk jkrapkjk jk pmnikj pmnikjaf. af. Pkjk Pkjk hk|k hk|k qkni |khk |khk&& pmrdkza pmrdkzakn kn dmnjkgfkd jaz}hp}gkn gmpkjk pmhkan qkni bkgkf hmnmrahk bcfk.

$l!

Kpkbafk Kpkbafk pmni pmnikja kjaff hmna}p hmna}pgkn gkn ya|m ya|mf& f& pmhkan pmhkan bmrg bmrgmnk mnkkn kn jabmn jabmnkrg krgkn kn hmhb}kz fcnzkrkn jkfkh zmhpcd zaik |kkz.

$j!

Pmhkan Pmhkan zajkg zajkg jabmnkrgkn jabmnkrgkn hmhk|}ga hmhk|}ga imfkniikn imfkniikni i |mbmf} |mbmf}h h fcnzkrk fcnzkrknnqk nnqk zmrfmpk| jkrapkjk pmikniknnqk.

$m!

Pk|}g Pk|}gkn kn fkykn fkykn jabmn jabmnkrg krgkn kn hmhb} hmhb}kz kz dkfkn dkfknikn ikn gmpk gmpkjk jk pmhka pmhkan n qkni qkni |mjkni bmr|mjak }nz}g hmfcnzkrgkn bcfk hk|}g gm jkfkh imfkniikni jmnikn |qkrkz jak hmhmn}da pmrkz}rkn okrkg gmzagk hmhb}kz dkfknikn.

ZCPAG :

:.1

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI



59

\ZRKZMIA PMRHKANKN

Bmbmrkpk |zrkzmia pmrhkankn pmrf} ja|}|}n bkia hmnmnz}gkn lcrkg pmrhkankn jkn |zrkzmia hmnokrani }nz}g hmnlkpka gmhmnknikn. \zrkzmia qkni jai}nkgkn kjkfkd gd}|}| }nz}g hmhpmrjkqk pk|}gkn fkykn |mhk|k bmrzkdkn& hmnqmrkni hkd}p}n |mhk|k hmhb}kz okranikn. Pk|}gkn zmr|mb}z kgkn jkpkz bmrhkan jmnikn fmbad lmhmrfkni oagk |zrkzmia hmrmgk zajkg jkpkz jagm|kn cfmd pk|}gkn fkykn& zmr}zkhknqk |mhk|k hmhb}kz dknzkrkn zmnikd& dknzkrkn gm jkfkh kzk} fkhb}nikn. \zrkzmia ana japmrf} jazmgkngkn jmnikn bmr|}nii}d(|}nii}d bmr|}nii}d(|}nii}d |}pkqk pmhkan jkpkz hmhkdkha |mrzk hmnikpfagk|agknnqk jkfkh pmrhkankn qkni |mbmnkr. Fkzadkn anzmn|ae japmrf}gkn }nz}g hmhbak|kgkn pmhkan(pmhkan jmnikn |zrkzmia qkni qkni jarknlkni. jarknlkni. Oagk zajkg& |zrkzmia |zrkzmia ana zajkg kgkn jkpkz jafkg|knkgkn jmnikn bmrgm|kn.

:.1.; \zrkzmia ]nz}g Dknzkrkn Zmnikd

Pmrdkzagkn rkokd gmj}j}gkn pmhkan ja bkykd. Fkzadkn |zrkzmia |mpmrza ana   bmrh}fk jkra pmhkan zmnikd L. Pmhkan L hmhbkfani bcfk gmpkjk YJ }nz}g dknzkrkn pmrzkhk |mbkag |kdkok pmnikjaf hmna}pgkn ya|mf. YJ p}fk kgkn l}bk hmnidknzkr bcfk gmpkjk YK qkni |mjkni bmrkjk jkfkh gkyk|kn fkykn. YK hmnidknzkr bcfk gmpkjk I\ }nz}g dknzkrkn gmzaik& jkn kgdar |mgkfa I\ hmhb}kz dknzkrkn gmmhpkz gmpkjk IK qkni |}jkd p}n bmrkjk jkfkh gkyk|kn okranikn. Jmnikn jmhagakn IK bmrpmf}kni hmhb}kz okranikn icf.

\zrkzmia jkrapkjk dknzkrkn zmnikd

54



ZCPAG :

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI

Hmfkf}a |zrkzmia ana& zaik kzk} mhpkz dknzkrkn bcfk japmrf}gkn& bmrh}fk jmnikn dknzkrkn zmnikd jkn bmrkgdar jmnikn dknzkrkn pmnokrani icf. Qkni pmnzani akfkd |mzakp pmhkan dmnjkgfkd l}bk hmnlkra r}kni qkni bkag kikr pmhkan pk|}gkn fkykn zajkg jkpkz hmnidkfkninqk. ]nz}g az}& pmhkan(pmhkan pmrf} bmrimrkg jmnikn fmbad pknzk|.

:.1.2

\zrkzmia Dknzkrkn gm Jkfkh

\zrkzmia ana bmrz}o}kn }nz}g hmnqmrkni jkn o}ik bmrzkdkn. Ana bmriknz}ni gmpkjk pk|}gkn hknk qkni |mjkni hmni}k|ka bcfk. $Jkra Gkyk|kn Icf33! Kpkbafk bcfk jagmf}krgkn cfmd pk|}gkn fkykn hmfmpk|a gkyk|kn bmfkgkni pk|}gkn pmrzkhk& bcfk kgkn jafcnzkr hk|}g cfmd pk|}gkn pmrzkhk. Ja |anafkd |zrkzmia pmrzkhk dknzkrkn gm jkfkh bmrh}fk. Ana bmrmrza pk|}gkn qkni bmrzkdkn kgkn bmrzanjkg |mbkika pmnqmrkni }nz}g hmfkg|knkgkn |zrkzmia ana. Jmnikn bmrpknj}gkn rkokd ja bkykd $hknk33!& gazk jkpkz fadkz bkikahknk |zrkzmia ana jafkg|knkgkn. Pmhkan IG kgkn hmh}fkgkn imrkgkn jmnikn hmnidknzkr hk|}g bcfk gmpkjk pmhkan IJ. Gmj}j}gkn kykf pmhkan IJ& gana   bmr}bkd gmpkjk gmj}j}gkn IJ2 $imrkgkn ana dmnjkgfkd pknzk|!. Ana bmrmrza pmhkan IJ |}jkd hmfkragkn jara jkrapkjk gkykfkn kzk} gmj}j}gkn kykfnqk. Pmhkan YJ o}ik kgkn bmrimrkg pknzk| jkra YJ; gm YJ2 }nz}g hmnmrahk dknzkrkn jkrapkjk pmhkan IJ. Kpkbafk imrkgkn bcfk zabk gmpkjk YJ2& pk|}gkn ana qkni pkjk h}fknqk bmrkjk pkjk gmj}j}gkn bmrzkdkn kgkn bmrz}gkr |mbkika pk|}gkn hmnqmrkni.

:.1.<

\zrkzmia Pmrzkdknkn

Pmrzkdknkn o}ik hmhmrf}gkn |zrkzmia |}pkqk |mzakp |mrknikn pk|}gkn fkykn jkpkz japkzkdgkn jkn |mzakp pmrl}bkkn hmhb}kz okranikn jkpkz jaikikfgkn. Ak   o}ik bmrz}o}kn hmrkhpk| bcfk |mgkfa i}| hmn}gkr gmj}j}gkn jkrapkjk pc|a|a  bmrzkdkn gmpkjk hmnqmrkni. Bmrzkdkn bmrmrza hmnikykf hmnikykf pk|}gkn fkykn. fkykn. Pmhkan qkni bmrpmnikfkhkn kgkn hmhafad bmrhklkh(hklkh lkrk }nz}g hmhb}kz pmrzkdknkn qkni bkag& gmrknk  oagk pmrzkdknkn fmhkd kzk} zajkg zmrkz}r& padkg fkykn jmnikn h}jkdnqk jkpkz hmhbcfc|a bkra|kn pmrzkdknkn }nz}g hmhb}kz |mrknikn.

ZCPAG :

GMHKDARKN K\K\ BCFK OKRANI



51

? \zrkzmia |mrknikn jkn pmrzkdknkn qkni zmrkz}r hmnokjagkn pmrfkyknkn bmrzkhbkd hmnkrag

\MHKG GMNJARA :.;









$k! $k!

Hmni Hmnikp kpkg kgkd kd hmnj hmnjkr krkz kz kzk| kzk| j}k j}k bmf bmfkd kd gkga gkga jagk jagkzk zkgk gkn n fmb fmbad ad |mfkhkz bmrbknjani hmnjkrkz ja kzk| |mbmfkd gkga3

$b! $b!

Bafk Bafkgk gkd d zmg zmgna nag g dkn dknzk zkrk rkn n fkn fknz} z}n n jai jai}n }nkg kgkn kn jkfk jkfkh h |}g |}gkn kn bcfk bcfk  okrani ana3

Gmokqkkn kzk} gmikikfkn pk|}gkn bmriknz}ni gmpkjk pmrgmhbknikn jkn pmnii}nkkn |a|zmh& zkgzag jkn |zrkzmia qkni bmz}f. Pmhkan dkr}| qkgan jmnikn gmbcfmdkn hmrmgk jkn hmnimzkd}a gmfmhkdkn padkg fkykn. Ana akfkd lkbkrkn zmrbm|kr }nz}g |mcrkni o}r}fkzad.

Khankd Hcdj. \kffmd. $;141!. Bcfk Okrani . Ekokr Bkgza \jn.Bdj. Ec}mm D.K. $;414!. Pmnjmgkzkn Pmnikokrkn Pmnjajagkn Ok|hkna7 Bcfk Okrani. Pmnmrbazkn \ra Hko} \jn. Bdj.