Torts Cases

University of Santo Tomas Digested by: DC 2016 Members Editors: Tricia Lacuesta Loreno Luigi !ayya Cristo"#er $eyes Mac%y Siaon &anine 'renas 'renas (inna )onso* L*oyd &avier

+irst Sem Cases

Torts Torts and Damages Table of Contents 1. Cang vs, Cu**en- 605 SCRA 391................................,/ 2, Dy Teban Teban Tradi Tradingng- nc, nc, vs, C#ingC#ing- 543 SCRA 560………………………………………………………..……. / /, City !overnm !overnment ent of Tagay Tagaytay tay vs, !uerrer !uerreroo- 600 SCRA 33………………………………………………..  4. Sc#mit Trans"ort vs, Trans"ort Trans"ort enture- nc,- 456 SCRA 557……………………………...………… 3 5. $egino vs, 4angasinan Co**eges- 443 SCRA 56....................,...,,,6 6. Mercury Drug vs, )a%ing- 523 SCRA 184.........................,,.,6 5, Ca"i*i Ca"i*i vs, Cardan Cardanaa- 506 SCRA 569............................,,,..5 8. Cantre vs, !o, 522 SCRA 547.................................,, 7, )onti )onti*ao *ao vs, !erona !erona-- 630 SCRA 561..........................,,...,7 10,$C4 vs, erc#e- 481 SCRA 384..............................,,,10 11. Minde8 $esources Deve*o"ment Cor", vs, Mori**o- 379 SCRA 150...........,.11 12. Man*ic*ic vs, Ca*aunan- 512 SCRA 642..........................,.,12 1/,)4 vs, $eyna*d $, Suare- G.R. No. 167750, March 15, 2010.............,..,,1/ 1,9cean )ui*ders Construction Cor", s, Cubacub- 648 SCRA 605.............,,1 15. Euitab*e 4C )an% vs, 9ng- 502 SCRA 119.........................13 16. Ca*a*as vs, Court of '""ea*s- 332 SCRA 356.......................,,.16 15,$amos vs, C,9,L, $ea*ty Cor"oration- 597 SCRA 526....................15 18. Universa* 'uarius vs, ;,C,
1=4age

Torts Torts and Damages 21. Euitab*e Leasing Cor"oration vs, Suyom- 388 SCRA 445………………………………….………… ,20 22. 4C Leasing and +inance- nc, vs, UC4) !enera* nsurance Co,- nc,- 557 SCRA 141…….… 21 23. 9MC Carriers- nc, vs, (abua- 622 SCRA 624.....................,,..,,22 24. Estacion vs, )ernardo- 483 SCRA 222..........................,.,,2/ 25. Mercury Drug vs,
.....................,,..,2/ 26,C#ato vs, +ortune Tobacco Cor",- 525 SCRA 11.................,,/1 36. Dream?or% Construction- nc, vs, &anio*a- 591 SCRA 466.............,,,...,/2 37. Mercado vs, Tan- 337 SCRA 122.............................../2 38. 4o C#an vs, 4iarro- 467 SCRA 1.......................,.......,// 39. 'C Enter"rises vs, +rabe**e 4ro"erties Cor" ., 506 SCRA 625...............,/ 40. City of Mani*a vs, Laguio- &r,- 455 SCRA 308........................,,/3 41. Smart Communications vs, 'storga- 542 SCRA 434....................,/6

2=4age

Torts Torts and Damages 42. 4eo"*e vs, 'bes- 420 SCRA 259..........................,,...../6 /,Di@o vs, &ardines&ardines- 481 SCRA 226......................,,......../5 44. ),+, Meta* ACor"orationB vs, Lomotan , 551 SCRA 618................,.../ 45. $a%es vs, 't*antic !u*f- 7 Phil. 359............................,,./7 46. Mc%ee vs, 'C, 211 SCRA 517...........................,.....0 5,Casti*e8 ndustria* Cor"oration vs, asue- &r,- 321 SCRA 393.........,,,....,1 48. 9"timum Motor Center Cor"oration vs, Tan- 558 SCRA 267...............,,2

/=4age

Torts Torts and Damages

TORTS AND DAMAGES STEPHEN CANG AND GEORGE NARDO Y JOSOL v. HERMINIA CULLEN G.R. No. 1!"#$% &' Nove(be) &""*% T+,)- D,v,s,on% Na+/)a% J. N!li!nc i" con#$c% %ha% cra%" an $n#$ ri"& o' har( %o o%hr". )% i" %h 'ail$r %o o*"r+ %ha% #!r o' car, rca$%ion an# +i!ilanc %ha% circ$("%anc" circ$("%anc" -$"%l #(an#.

0ats (ardo ?as o"erating a ta8i ?#en Saycon- ?#o ?as trave**ing on a motorcyc*e ?it#out "rotective #eadgear- veered into #is *ane and bum"ed #im, 'fter t#e im"act- (ardo drove bac% to #e*" Saycon- t?o trac enforcers ordered (ardo to ta%e Saycon to t#e #os"ita*, (o s%etc# of t#e accident ?as done by t#e enforcers, Saycon c*aims t#at it ?as (ardo t#at sides?e"t #im and t#at (ardo tried to s"eed a?ay unti* #e ?as agged do?n by "eace ocers, Cu**en- t#e em"*oyer of Saycon- s#ou*dered t#e #os"ita* e8"enses of Saycon and is no? c*aiming damages from (ardo and Cang- t#e o?ner of t#e ta8i, T#e $TC dismissed t#e case stating t#at Cu**en is not entit*ed to damages, T#e C' reversed t#e $TC decision c*aiming t#at t#e $TC $TC did not give credit to a ?itness account of t#e accident,

Iss/e F#et#er or not t#e C' erred in a?arding damages to res"ondent

R/l,n2 YES. Saycon ?as o"erating t#e motor ve#ic*e as a student>driver ?it#out being accom"anied by a du*y *icensed driver . Article 2185 "rovides t#at it is "resumed t#at a "erson driving a motor ve#ic*e #as been neg*igent if at t#e time of t#e mis#a"- #e ?as vio*ating any trac regu*ation, (eg*igence is conduct t#at creates an undue ris% of #arm to ot#ers ot#ers,, t is t#e fai*ur fai*ure e to observ observe e t#at t#at degre degree e of carecare- "reca "recauti ution on and vigi*a vigi*ance nce t#at circumstances circumstances Gust*y demand, To To determine ?#et#er ?#et#er t#ere is neg*igence in a given situation- t#e t#e Su"reme Court *aid do?n do?n t#is t#is test test: Did Did defe defend ndan ant, t, in doin doing g the the alleg alleged ed negl neglig igen entt act, act, use use that that reasonable care and caution which an ordinarily prudent person would have used in the sae situat situation ion! ! "f not, not, the person person is guilty guilty of neglig negligenc ence. e. Saycon ?as neg*igent since #e s#ou*d not #ave been driving a*one, T#e *a? reuires t#at t#e #o*der of a student>drivers "ermit s#ou*d be accom"anied by a du*y *icensed driver ?#en o"erating a motor ve#ic*e, +urt#er- #e ?as not ?earing a #e*met and #e ?as s"eeding, '** t#ese "rove t#at #e ?as neg*igent, (eit#er can Cu**en as Saycons em"*oyer be entit*ed to c*aim damages, Cu**en ?as neg*igent in t#e se*ection and su"ervision of #er em"*oyee, F#en an em"*oyee causes damage damage due to #is o?n neg*igen neg*igence ce ?#i*e "erforming "erforming #is o?n duties- t#ere t#ere arises t#e -$ri" %an%$( "resum"tion t#at #is em"*oyer is neg*igent- rebuttab*e on*y by "roof of observance of t#e di*igence of a good fat#er of a fami*y, T#e fact t#at Saycon ?as driving a*one is "roof

=4age

Torts Torts and Damages enoug# t#at Cu**en ?as neg*igent, Eit#er s#e did not %no? t#at #e on*y #ad a students "ermit or s#e a**o?ed #im to drive a*one %no?ing t#is deHciency,

DY TE3AN TRADING% INC. vs. JOSE CHING AND4OR LI3ERTY 0OREST% INC.% et al. G.R. No. 11$"!% 0eb)/a)5 6% &""$% J. Re5es% R.T. /h %"% * hich %o #%r(in %h i"%nc or n!li!nc in a ar%ic$lar ca" (a * "%a%# a" 'ollo" Did the defendant defendant in doing the alleged negligent negligent act use that reasonable care and caution which an ordinary person would have used in the sae situation! "f not, then he is guilty of negligence. /h i"%nc o' n!li!nc in a !i+n ca" i" no% #%r(in# * r'rnc %o %h r"onal -$#!(n% o' %h ac%or in %h "i%$a%ion *'or hi(. /h la con"i#r" ha% o$l# * rc&l"", *la(or%h, or n!li!n% in %h (an o' or#inar in%lli!nc an# r$#nc an# #%r(in" lia*ili% * %ha%.

0ACTS $oge*io 9rti ?as driving a (issan van o?ned by Dy Teban Trading- nc, ADTTB a*ong t#e (ationa*
ISSUE F#et#er or not Limbaga ?as neg*igent in "ar%ing t#e "rime mover on t#e nationa* #ig#?ay,

RULING YES. T#e test of neg*igence is obGective, T#e SC measured t#e act or omission of t#e tortfeasor ?it# t#at of an ordinary reasonab*e "erson in t#e same situation, T#e test- as a""*ied to t#is case- is ?#et#er Limbaga- in "ar%ing t#e "rime mover- used t#at reasonab*e care care and cautio caution n ?#ic# ?#ic# an ordin ordinary ary reaso reasonab nab*e *e "erson "erson ?ou*d ?ou*d #ave #ave used used in t#e same same situation, T#e Court found t#at Limbaga ?as utter*y neg*igent in "ar%ing t#e "rime mover as%e? on t#e rig#t side of t#e nationa* #ig#?ay, T#e ve#ic*e occu"ied a substantia* "ortion of t#e nationa* road on t#e *ane of t#e "assenger bus, t ?as "ar%ed at t#e s#ou*der of t#e road ?it# its *eft ?#ee*s sti** on t#e cemented #ig#?ay and t#e rig#t ?#ee*s on t#e sand and grave* s#ou*der of t#e #ig#?ay, t is common sense t#at t#e s%e?ed "ar%ing of t#e "rime mover on t#e nationa* road "osed a serious ris% to oncoming motorists, t ?as incumbent u"on Limbaga to ta%e some measures to "revent t#at ris%- or at *east minimie it, Limbaga a*so fai*ed to ta%e "ro"er ste"s to minimie t#e ris% "osed by t#e im"ro"er*y "ar%ed "rime mover,
3=4age

Torts Torts and Damages t#at t#e "rime mover suIered t?o tire b*o?outs and t#at #e cou*d not #ave t#em H8ed because #e #ad on*y one s"are tire, nstead of ca**ing for #e*"- Limbaga too% it u"on #imse*f to sim"*y "*ace banana *eaves on t#e front and rear of t#e "rime mover to serve as ?arning to oncoming motorists, Forse- Limbaga s*e"t on t#e "rime mover instead of standing guard beside t#e ve#ic*e, )y #is o?n account- Limbaga ?as s*ee"ing on t#e "rime mover at t#e time of t#e co**ision and t#at #e ?as on*y a?a%ened by t#e im"act of t#e (issan van and t#e "assenger bus on t#e "rime mover,

CITY GO7ERNMENT O0 TAGAYTAY vs. ELEUTERIO GUERRERO% et al. G.R. No. 16"#6! 8 16"#6'% Se9te(be) 1#% &""*% J. Na+/)a N!li!nc i" %h 'ail$r %o o*"r+ ro%c%ion o' %h in%r"%" o' ano%hr r"on, %ha% #!r o' car, car, rca$%i rca$%ion, on, an# +i!ilanc +i!ilanc  hich hich %h circ$("%a circ$("%anc" nc" -$"%l #(an#, #(an#, hr* "$ch o%hr r"on "$r" in-$r. /h$", n!li!nc i" %h an% o' car r$ir# $n#r circ$("%anc" circ$("%anc" .

0ACTS +or fai*ure of Tagaytay>T agaytay>Taa* Tourist Deve*o"ment Cor"oration ATTTDCB to sett*e its de*inuent rea* estate ta8 ob*igations- t#e City !overnment of Tagaytay oIered t#e t?o "arce*s of *and registered in t#e name of TTDC for sa*e at "ub*ic auction, )eing t#e on*y bidder- a certiHcate of sa*e ?as e8ecuted in favor of City of Tagaytay, Later on- 'meurHna Me*enc Me*encio>< io> io>+ +ernan ernando do AMe*en AMe*encio ciosB sB "urc#a "urc#ased sed t#e subGec subGectt "ro"erties from t#e City of Tagaytay, TTTDC H*ed a "etition for t#e nu**iHcation of t#e "ub*ic auction invo*ving t#e dis"uted "ro"erties on t#e ground t#at t#e "ro"erties ?ere not ?it#in t#e Gurisdiction of t#e City of Tagaytay and t#us- beyond its ta8ing aut#ority, T#e Me*encios ?ere not m"*eaded des"ite t#e fact t#at t#ey "urc#ased t#e same, T#e $TC and t#e C' decided in favor of TTTDC, T#us- t#e "ub*ic auction over t#e subGect "ro"erties ?as annu**ed,

ISSUE F#et#er or not t#e City of Tagaytay ?as neg*igent,

RULING YES, n t#is case- it is basic t#at before t#e City of Tagaytay may *evy a certain "ro"erty for sa*e due to ta8 de*inuency- t#e subGect "ro"erty s#ou*d be under its territoria* Gurisdiction, T#e city ocia*s are e8"ected to %no? suc# basic "rinci"*e of *a?, T#e fai*ure of t#e city ocia*s of Tagaytay to verify if t#e "ro"erty is ?it#in its Gurisdiction before *evying ta8es on t#e same constitutes gross neg*igence, 'ccording*y'ccording*y- t#e City of Tagaytay Tagaytay is *iab*e to return t#e fu** amount "aid by t#e Me*encios during t#e auction sa*e of t#e subGect "ro"erties by ?ay of actua* damages,

6=4age

Torts Torts and Damages T#e gross neg*igence of t#e City of Tagaytay in *evying ta8es and auctioning "ro"erti "ro"erties es to ans?er ans?er for rea* "ro"erty ta8 deHcienc deHciencies ies outside outside its territori territoria* a* Gurisdict Gurisdiction ion amounts to bad fait# t#at ca**s for t#e a?ard of mora* damages, #oral daages are meant to com"en com"ensat sate e t#e c*aima c*aimant nt for any "#ysi "#ysica* ca* suIeri suIeringng- menta* menta* anguis anguis##- frig#t frig#t-- serio serious us an8ietyan8iety- besmirc# besmirc#ed ed re"utati re"utationon- ?ounded ?ounded fee*ings fee*ings-- mora* s#oc%s#oc%- socia* socia* #umi*iati #umi*iation on and simi*ar inGuries unGust*y caused, '*t#oug# inca"ab*e of "ecuniary estimation- t#e amount must some#o? be "ro"ortiona* to and in a""ro8imation of t#e suIering inicted,

SCHMIT: TRANSPORT 8 3RO;ERAGE CORPORATION vs. TRANSPORT 7ENTURE% INC.% et al. G.R. No. 1'"&''% A9),l &&% &""'% J. Ca)9,o
0ACTS SJT SJTC9 4te 4te Ltd, Ltd, Sing Singa" a"or ore e s#i" s#i""e "ed d from from $ussi ussia a on boar board d a vess vesse* e* o?ne o?ned d by res"ondent )*ac% Sea S#i""ing Cor"oration 33 #ot ro**ed stee* s#eets in coi*, T#e cargoes ?#ic# ?ere to be disc#arged at t#e "ort of Mani*a in favor of consignee Litt*e !iant Stee* 4i"e Cor", ?ere insured under a Marine nsurance 4o*icy, Sc#mit Trans"ort K )ro%erage Cor"oration- ?#ose services t#e consignee engaged to secure c*earances- ?as to receive t#e cargoes and de*iver t#em to a ?are#ouse in $ia*, n turn- Sc#mit engaged t#e services of Trans"ort Trans"ort enture- nc, ATB to send a barge and tugboat at s#i"side, 'fter un*oading t#e coi*s from t#e vesse* unto t#e barge- no tugboat "u**ed t#e *atter to t#e "ier des"ite t#e oncoming inc*ement inc*ement ?eat#er, ?eat#er, Due to strong ?aves?aves- t#e cre? of t#e t#e barge abandoned t#e same- and it *ater on ca"sied- ?as#ing t#e coi*s to sea,

ISSUE F#et#er or not t#e *oss of t#e cargoes ?as due to a fortuitous event,

RULING NO. T#at no tugboat ?as to?ed bac% to t#e "ier after t#e cargoes ?ere com"*ete*y *oaded by 12:/0 in t#e morning is- #o?ever- a materia* fact ?#ic# t#e a""e**ate court fai*ed to "ro"er*y consider and a""reciatet#e "ro8imate "ro8imate cause of t#e *oss of t#e cargoes,
Torts Torts and Damages t#erefore- t#e members of t#e cre? of a tugboat ?ou*d be c#arging overtime "ay did not e8cuse e8cuse T from ca**ing for one suc# tugboat,

;HRISTINE REGINO vs. PANGASINAN COLLEGESO0 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY% et al.

G.R. No. 1'1"*% Nove(be) 1$% &""6% J. Pan2an,ban hn a con%rac%$al rla%ion i"%", %h o*li!or (a *ra& %h con%rac% $n#r "$ch con#i% con#i%ion ion" " %ha% %ha% %h "a( "a( ac% hich hich con"%i con"%i%$% %$%" " a *rac *rach h o' %h con%ra con%rac% c% o$l# o$l# ha+ ha+ con"%i%$%# %h "o$rc o' an %racon%rac%$al o*li!a%ion ha# no con%rac% i"%# *%n %h ar%i".

0ACTS N#ristine $egino $egino ?as a Hrst year com"uter science student at 4angasinan 4angasinan Co**eges of Science and Tec#no*ogy Tec#no*ogy,, 4CST #e*d a fund raising cam"aign dubbed t#e $ave 4arty 4arty and Dance $evo*ution- t#e "roceeds of ?#ic# ?ere to go to t#e construction of t#e sc#oo*Os tennis and vo**eyba** courts, Eac# student ?as reuired to "ay for t?o tic%ets at t#e "rice of 4100 4100 eac#, eac#, T#e "roGe "roGect ct ?as a**ege a**eged*y d*y im"*e im"*emen mented ted by recom recom"en "ensin sing g studen students ts ?#o ?#o "urc#ased tic%ets ?it# additiona* "oints in t#eir test scoresP t#ose ?#o refused to "ay ?ere denied t#e o""ortunity to ta%e t#e Hna* e8aminations, 's $egino is "oor- s#e refused to "ay t#e tic%ets, During t#e sc#edu*ed dates of #er Hna* e8aminations in *ogic and statistics- #er teac#ers a**eged*y disa**o?ed #er from ta%ing t#e same on t#e ground of $eginos non> "ayment of t#e tic%ets, $egino- as a "au"er *itigant- H*ed a com"*aint for damages against 4CST and t#e res"ective teac#ers, teac#ers,

ISSUE F#et#er or not 4SCT may be #e*d *iab*e for torts,

RULING YES. !enera**y- *iabi*ity for tort arises on*y bet?een "arties not ot#er?ise bound by a contract, 'n academic institution- #o?ever- may be #e*d *iab*e for tort even if it #as an e8isting contract ?it# its students- since t#e act t#at vio*ated t#e contract may a*so be a tort, T#e Court ru*ed t#us in PSA +". CA - Q' "erusa* of 'rtic*e 2156 of t#e Civi* Code s#o?s t#at t#at ob*i ob*iga gati tion ons s aris arisin ing g from from uas uasi> i>de de*i *ict cts s or tort tort-- a*so a*so %no? %no?n n as e8tr e8tra> a>co cont ntra ract ctua ua** ob*igations- arise on*y bet?een "arties not ot#er?ise bound by contract- ?#et#er e8"ress or im"*ie im"*ied, d, c*ass seat seat aboard aboard t#e "etition "etitioner er air*in air*ine, e, t is notednoted- #o?ever#o?ever- t#at t#at t#e Court refer referre red d to t#e "etiti "etitione onerr>air*i >air*ineO neOs s *iabi* *iabi*ity ity as one arisi arising ng from from torttort- not one arisin arising g from from a contrac contractt of carriage, n eIect- Air :ranc is aut#ority for t#e vie? t#at *iabi*ity from tort may e8ist even if t#ere is a contract- for t#e act t#at brea%s t#e contract may be a*so a tort,R

MERCURY DRUG CORPORATION v. SE3ASTIAN M. 3A;ING G.R. No. 1'"!#% &' Ma5 &""#% J. San-oval
=4age

Torts Torts and Damages %ro&iate cause i" cause i" #;n# a" an ca$" %ha% ro#$c" in-$r in a na%$ral an# con%in$o$" "$nc, $n*ro&n * an 
0ats. $es"ondent Sebastian )a%ing- after a medica* c#ec%u" ?it# Dr, Sy- ?as "rescribed a medicine ca**ed Diamicron Diamicron for #is b*ood sugar, sugar, )a%ing boug#t t#e "rescribed "rescribed medicines in Mercury Drug '*abang )ranc# but t#e sa*es*ady a""arent*y misread t#e "rescri"tion for Diamicron as DormicumDormicum- a "otent s*ee"ing tab*et, tab*et, Una?are t#at ?#at ?as given to to #im ?as t#e ?rong medicinemedicine- )a%ing too% t#e medicine on t#ree t#ree consecutive days, days, 9n t#e t#ird day#e Hgured Hgured in a ve#icu ve#icu*ar *ar acciden accidentt becaus because e #e fe** fe** as*ee" as*ee" ?#i*e ?#i*e driving, driving, )a%ing )a%ing H*ed a com"*aint for damages against Mercury Drug,

Iss/e. F#et#er or not "etitioner ?as neg*igent- and if so- ?#et#er suc# neg*igence ?as t#e "ro8imate cause of res"ondents accident,

Hel-. YES. 4etit etitio ione ner rs s argu argume ment nt t#at t#at t#e t#e "ro8 "ro8im imat ate e caus cause e of t#e t#e acci accide dent nt ?as ?as res"ondents neg*igence neg*igence in driving #is car is untenab*e, P)o>,(ate a/se is deHned as any cause t#at "roduces inGury in a natura* and continuous seuence- unbro%en by any ecient intervening cause- suc# suc# t#at t#e resu*t ?ou*d not #ave occurred occurred ot#er?ise, ot#er?ise, 4ro8imate 4ro8imate cause is determined from t#e facts of eac# case- u"on a combined consideration of *ogic- common sensesense- "o*icy"o*icy- and "recedent "recedent,,
JOA?UINIT JOA?UINITA P. P. CAPILI v. v. SPOUSES DOMINADOR DOMINADOR an- ROSALITA ROSALITA CARDANA G.R. No. 1'#*"% & Nove(be) &""% J. ?/,s/(b,n2 /h doctrine doctrine of res ipsa lo'uitur lo'uitur ali ali" " hr hr =1> %h acci# acci#n% n% a" a" o' "$ch "$ch chara charac% c%rr a" %o arr arran% an% an in'r in'rnc nc  %ha% %ha% i% o$l# o$l# no% ha+ ha+ ha han# n# c% c% 'or %h #' #'n# n#an an%? %?" " n!l n!li! i!n nc c@@ =2> =2> %h %h acci acci# #n% n% ($"% ($"% ha+ ha+ *n *n ca$" ca$"# # * an a!n a!nc c or in"%r$(n%ali% i%hin %h cl$"i+ (ana!(n% or con%rol o' %h r"on char!# i%h %h n!li!n n!li!nc c co(lain# co(lain# o'@ an# =3> %h acci#n% acci#n% ($"% no% ha+ *n #$ %o an +ol$n%ar +ol$n%ar ac%ion or con%ri*$%ion on %h ar% o' %h r"on in-$r#.

0ats.

7=4age

Torts Torts and Damages F#i* F#i*e e &asm &asmin in Card Carda@ a@a a ?as ?as ?a*% ?a*%in ing g a*on a*ong g t#e t#e "eri "erime mete terr fenc fence e of San San $oue oue E*ementary Sc#oo*- a branc# of cai(i%o tree *ocated ?it#in t#e sc#oo*s "remises "remises fe** on #ercausing #er instantaneous deat#,
Iss/e. F#et#er or not t#e "etitioner is neg*igent and *iab*e for t#e deat# of res"ondents daug#ter,

Hel-. YES- t#e "robabi*ity t#at t#e branc#es of a dead and rotting tree cou*d fa** and #arm someone someone is c*ear*y a danger t#at is foreseeab* foreseeab*e, e, 's t#e sc#oo* "rinci"a* "rinci"a*-- "etitioner "etitioner ?as tas%ed to see to t#e maintenance of t#e sc#oo* grounds and safety of t#e c#i*dren ?it#in t#e sc#oo* and its "remises, T#at s#e ?as una?are of t#e rotten state of a tree ?#ose fa**ing branc# #ad caused t#e deat# of a c#i*d s"ea%s i** of #er disc#arge of t#e res"onsibi*ity of #er "osition, "n every tort case (led under Article 21)* of the +ivil +ode, plainti has to prov prove e by a prep prepon onde dera ranc nce e of evid eviden ence ce:: -1 -1 the the daa daage ges s suer suered ed by the the plainti/ -2 the fault or negligence of the defendant or soe other person for whose act he ust respond/ respond/ and -0 the connectio connection n of cause and eect between the fault or negligence and the daages incurred. T#e fact- #o?ever- t#at res"ondents daug#ter- &asmin- died as a resu*t of t#e dead and rotting tree ?it#in t#e sc#oo*s "remises s#o?s t#at t#e tree ?as indeed an obvious danger to anyone "assing by and ca**s for a""*ication of t#e "rinci"*e of r" i"a lo$i%$r , /h doctrine of res ipsa lo'uitur ali" hr =1> %h acci#n% a" o' "$ch charac%r a" %o arr arran% an% an in'r in'rnc nc  %ha% %ha% i% o$l# o$l# no% ha+ ha+ han han# # c% c% 'or %h #'n# #'n#an% an%?" ?" n!li!nc@ =2> %h acci#n% ($"% ha+ *n ca$"# * an a!nc or in"%r$(n%ali% i%hin %h cl$"i+ (ana!(n% or con%rol o' %h r"on char!# i%h %h n!li!nc co(lain# o'@ an# =3> %h acci#n% ($"% no% ha+ *n #$ %o an +ol$n%ar ac%ion or con%ri*$%ion on t #e doctrine of r" i"a lo$i%$r is is to ?arrant ?arrant a %h ar% o' %h r"on in-$r#. T#e eIect of t#e "resum"tion or inference t#at t#e mere fa**ing of t#e branc# of t#e dead and rotting tree ?#ic# caused t#e deat# of res"ondents daug#ter ?as a resu*t of "etitioners neg*igencebeing in c#arge of t#e sc#oo*,

DR. MILAGROS L. CANTRE v . SPS. JOHN DA7ID :. GO an- NORA S. GO G.R. No. 1"$$* A9),l &#% &""# ?UISUM3ING. J. )n an an ca" ca",, !i+ !i+n n %h %h ar% ar%ic ic$l $lar ar circ circ$( $("% "%an anc c" " o' %hi" %hi" ca" ca",, a r$li r$lin! n! on %h %h n!li!nc o' %i%ionr (a * (a# *a"# on %h r" i"a lo$i%$r #oc%rin +n in %h a*"nc o' "$ch a##i%ional hi*i%".

0ats (ora !o gave birt# to #er t# c#i*d, T?o #ours *ater- s#e suIered "rofuse b*eeding inside #er ?omb due to some "*acenta "arts ?#ic# ?ere not com"*ete*y e8"e**ed after de*ivery, S#e t#en suIered #y"ovo*emic s#oc%- so #er )4 dro""ed to 00, Dr, Mi*agros Cantre- an 9b>!yne s"ecia*ist and (oras attending "#ysician- toget#er ?it# an assisting

10 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages residentt "#ys residen "#ysician ician-- "erfo "erformed rmed various medica* "roc "rocedur edures es to sto" t#e b*ee b*eeding ding and to restore (oras )4, F#i*e Dr, Cantre ?as massaging (oras uterus for it to contract and sto" b*eedi b*e edingng- s#e or order dered ed a dr dro"* o"*ig# ig#tt to ?ar ?arm m (or (ora a and #er bab baby y, 't t#at tim timee- s#e ?as unconscious, F#i*e in t#e recovery room- (oras #usband &o#n David noticed a fres# ga"ing ?ound A2 12 8 / 12 inB in t#e inner "ortion of #er *eft arm near t#e arm"it, &o#n David H*ed a reuest for investigation, Dr, Dr, Cantre said t#at ?#at caused t#e inGury ?as t#e b*ood "ressur "ressure e cuI, &o#n David broug#t (ora to t#e () for a "#ysica* e8amination, T#e medico>*ega* said t#at t#e inGury a""eared to be a burn and t#at a dro"*ig#t ?#en "*aced near t#e s%in for about 10 minu minutes tes cou*d caus cause e suc# burn,
Iss/es F#et#er or not Dr, Dr, Cantre is *iab*e for t#e inGury suIered by (ora !o,

R/l,n2 YES. n medica* neg*igence cases- t#e doctrine of res i"sa *ouitur a**o?s t#e mere e8istence of an inGury to Gustify a "resum"tion of neg*igence on t#e "art of t#e "erson ?#o contro*s contro*s t#e instrumen instrumentt causing causing t#e inGuryinGury- "rovided "rovided t#at t#e fo**o?ing fo**o?ing reuisit reuisites es concur: concur: 1,B'ccident is of a %ind ?#ic# ordinari*y does not occur absent someones neg*igence, T#e ?ound not an ordinary occurrence in t#e act of de*ivering a babyP cou*d not #ave #a""ened un**ess un ess neg*i eg*ig genc ence set in some some? ?#er #ereP 2,B 2,B t is cau caused sed by an inst instru rum menta enta*i *ity ty ?it#in defendants e8c*usive e8c*usive contro*, t doesnt matter ?#et#er t#e inGury ?as caused by t#e dro"*ig#t or by t#e b*ood "ressure cuI- since bot# are ?it#in t#e e8c*usive contro* of t#e "#ysician in c#arge Dr, CantreV under t#e ca"tain of t#e s#i" doctrine Asurgeon in c#arge of an o"eration is #e*d *iab*e for #is assistants neg*igence during t#e time ?#en t#ey are under t#e surgeons surgeons contro*BP contro*BP /,B 4ossibi 4ossibi*ity *ity of contributi contributing ng conduct conduct ?#ic# ?#ic# ?ou*d ?ou*d ma%e ma%e "*aintiI "*aintiI res"onsib*e is e*iminated, T#e ?ound cou*d on*y be caused by somet#ing e8terna* to and outside t#e contro* of (ora since s#e ?as unconscious ?#i*e in #y"ervo*emic s#oc%, SPS. AL0REDO 3ONTILAO AND SHERLINA 3ONTILAO v . DR. CARLOS GERONA G.R. No. 1##' Se9te(be) 1'% &"1" 7ILLARAMA% JR.% J. )n o%hr or#", a" hl# in aos v. +ourt of Appeals, Appeals , %h ral $"%ion i" h%hr or no% in %h roc"" o' %h ora%ion, an %raor#inar %raor#inar inci#n% or $n$"$al +n% o$%"i# o' %h ro$%in r'or(anc occ$rr# hich i" *on# %h r!$lar "co o' ro'""ional ac%i+i% in "$ch ora%ion", an# hich, i' $nlain#, o$l# %h("l+" ra"ona*l "a& %o %h a+ra! (an a" %h n!li!n% ca$" or ca$"" o' %h $n%oar# con"$nc. con"$nc.

0ats 11 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages '**en Ney- >year o*d son of '*fredo and S#er*ina- ?as treated by Dr, Car*os for a fractured rig#t ?rist, s"*intR on '**en Ney t#en sent #im #ome, T#en'**en refracted t#e same ?rist- ?#ere 8>ray e8amination s#o?ed a com"*ete fracture and dis"*acement of t#e bone, Dr, Car*os t#en "erformed a c*osed reduction "rocedure ?it# Dr, icente as anaest#esio*ogist, 'fter t#e "ost>reduction 8>ray s#o?ed t#at t#e bones ?ere "ro"er*y a*igned- '**en ?as sent #ome ?it# instruction to bring #im for re>tig#tening not *ater t#an &une 13- 1772, )ecause no retig#tening #a""ened- a rotationa* deformity #ad deve*o"ed in '**ens arm- caused by a re>dis"*ace re>dis"*acement ment of t#e bone fragments- necessitating an o" o"e en redu duc cti tion on sur urge gery ry by Dr Dr,, Ca Car* r*os os as surg rgeo eon n an and d ag agai ain n Dr Dr,, ic icen entte as anae an aest st#e #esi sio* o*og ogis ist, t, 'ft fter er Hv Hve e at atte tem" m"ts ts-- Dr Dr,, ic icen ente te fa fai* i*ed ed to in intu tuba bate te '* '**e *en n Ney ey-- so anaest#esia ?as administered t#roug# a gas mas%, F#en Dr, Car*os as%ed if t#e o"eration s#ou*d s#ou* d conti continue nue ?it# t#e fai* fai*ure ure to intub intubateate- Dr, icente icente gave t#e go>a#ead, Dr, Car*os c#ec%ed if '**en Ney ?as breat#ing "ro"er*y before "roceeding ?it# t#e surgery, S#er*ina ?ent out tem"orari*y to ma%e a te*e"#one ca** ?#en s#e sa? Dr, Car*os about to Hnis# t#e suturing- but ?as informed t#at #er son died at t#e o"erating tab*e due to Qas"#y8ia due to conges con gestio tion n and ede edema ma of t#e e"i e"ig*o g*otti ttisR, sR, '** '**en en Ney eys s "ar "arent ents s t#e t#en n H* H*ed ed cri crimin mina* a* and administrative c#arges against Dr, Car*os and Dr, icente- as ?e** as instituted a civi* case forr da fo dama mage ges s ag agai ains nstt bo bot# t# do doct ctor orss- a* a**e *egi ging ng in inco com" m"et eten ence ce an and d ne neg* g*ig igen ence ce in t# t#e e "erformance of t#eir duty,

Iss/e F#et#er or not Dr, Car*os is neg*igent in t#e "erformance of #is duty,

R/l,n2 NO. T#e "etiti "etitione oners rs fai*ed fai*ed to "rese "resent nt substa substanti ntia* a* eviden evidence ce of any s"eciH s"eciHc c act of neg*igence on res"ondents "art or of t#e surrounding facts and circumstances ?#ic# ?ou*d *ead *ead to t#e t#e reas reason onab ab*e *e infe infere renc nce e t#at t#at t#e t#e un unto to?a ?ard rd cons conse eue uenc nce e ?as ?as caus caused ed by res"ondents neg*igence, neg*igence, n fact- under t#e estab*is#ed estab*is#ed facts- res"ondent a""ears to #ave observed t#e "ro"er amount of care reuired under t#e circumstances, $es"ondent veriHed t#at '**en ?as sti** breat#ing by *oo%ing at #is c#est to c#ec% t#at t#ere ?as e8cursion before "roceeding ?it# t#e surgery, T#at res"ondent decided to continue ?it# t#e surgery even t#oug# t#ere ?as a fai*ure to intubate a*so does not tend to estab*is# *iabi*ity- contrary to t#e tria* courts courts ru*ing, 4etitio 4etitioners ners fai*ed fai*ed to "resent substantia substantia** "roof t#at intubation intubation ?as an indis"ensab*e "rereuisite "rereuisite for t#e o"eration and t#at it ?ou*d be grave error for any surgeon to continue ?it# t#e o"eration under suc# circumstances, n fact- t#e testimony of t#e e8"ert ?itness "resented by t#e "rosecution in t#e crimina* "roceedings and admitted into evidence at t#e $TC- ?as even to t#e eIect t#at t#e anest#esia cou*d be administered by a*ter a*ternat native ive means suc# suc# as a mas% mas% and t#at t#at t#e o"erat o"eration ion cou*d cou*d "roce "roceed ed even even ?it#ou ?it#outt intubation,

RADIO COMMUNICATIONS COMMUNICATIONS O0 THE PHILIPPINES% INC. @RCPI v, v, AL0ONSO 7ERCHE:% GRACE 7ERCHE:
12 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages )n culpa contractual , %h (r roo' o' %h i"%nc o' %h con%rac% an# %h 'ail$r o' i%" co(lianc -$"%i', ri(a 'aci, a corr"on#in! ri!h% o' rli'. /h la, rco!niin! %h o*li!a%or 'orc o' con%rac%", ill no% r(i% a ar% %o * "% 'r 'ro( lia*ili% 'or an &in# o' (i"r'or(anc o' %h con%rac%$al $n#r%a&in! or a con%ra+n%ion o' %h %nor %hro'. A *rach $on %h con%rac% con'r" $on %h in-$r# ar% a +ali# ca$" 'or rco+rin! %ha% hich (a ha+ *n lo"% or "$r#.

0ats

!race erc#e>nfante A!raceB engaged t#e services Sorsogon )ranc# of t#e $adio Communications of t#e 4#i*i""ines- nc, A$C4B to send a te*egram to #er sister Wenaida erc#e>Ca erc#e>Catibog tibog AWenaidaB AWenaidaB ?#o ?as residin residing g ;ueon ;ueon City reading: reading: Send c#ec% c#ec% money money Mommy #os"ita*, because t#eir mot#er- Edit#a- ?as conHned in a #os"ita*, T#ree days after- no res"onse ?as received from Wenaida, !race sent anot#er *etter to Wenaida- t#ru &$S De*ivery Service- re"rimanding #er for not sending money, money, Wenaida said s#e did not received any te*egram, T#e te*egram ?as Hna**y de*ivered to Wenaida 23 days *ater, 9n '"ri* 151772- Edit#a died, !race and Wenaida and t#eir res"ective s"ousess"ouses- H*ed a com"*aint against $C4 before $TC of Sorsogon for damages a**eging t#at t#e de*ay in de*ivering t#e te*egram contributed to t#e ear*y deat# of Edit#a, $C4 ans?ered a**eging t#at any de*ay in t#e sending of t#e te*egram ?as due to 'orc (a-$r. T#e $TC $TC rendered Gudgment against $C4 $C4 ordering $C4 to "ay mora* damages "*us attorneys fees, 9n a""ea*- t#e C' armed t#e decision of t#e $TC

Iss/e

F#et#er or not a?ard of damages ?as "ro"er even if t#e $TC found t#at t#ere ?as no direct connection bet?een t#e inGury and t#e a**eged neg*igent acts,

R/l,n2

YES, t bears noting t#at its *iabi*ity is anc#ored on c$la con%rac%$al or breac# of contract ?it# regard to !race- and on tort ?it# regard to #er co>res"ondents, 'rtic*e 1150 of t#e Civi* Code "rovides t#at t#ose ?#o in t#e "erformance of t#eir ob*igations are gui*ty of fraud- neg*igence- or de*ay- and t#ose ?#o in any manner contravene t#e tenor t#ereof- are *iab*e for damages,

1/ = 4 a g e


T#e remedy serves to "reserve t#e interests of t#e "romissee t#at may inc*ude #is e8"ectation interest- ?#ic# is #is interest in #aving t#e beneHt of #is bargain by being "ut in as good a "osition as #e ?ou*d #ave been in #ad t#e contract been "erformed- or #is re*iance interest- ?#ic# is #is interest in being reimbursed for *oss caused by re*iance on t#e contract by being "ut in as good a "osition as #e ?ou*d #ave been in #ad t#e contract not been madeP or #is restitution interest- ?#ic# is #is interest in #aving restored to #im any beneHt t#at #e #as conferred on t#e ot#er "arty, T#e eIect of every infraction is to create a ne? duty- t#at is- to ma%e recom"ense to t#e one ?#o #as been inGured by t#e fai*ure of anot#er to observe #is contractua* ob*igation un*ess #e can s#o? e8tenuating circumstances- *i%e "roof of #is e8ercise of due di*igence or of t#e attendance of fortuitous event- to e8cuse #im from #is ensuing *iabi*ity,

n t#e case at bar- $C4 bound itse*f to de*iver t#e te*egram ?it#in t#e s#ortest "ossib*e time, t too% 23 days for $C4 to de*iver it, $C4 invo%es 'orc (a-$r - s"eciHca**ys"eciHca**yt#e a**eged radio noise and interferences ?#ic# adverse*y aIected t#e transmission andor rece"ti rece"tion on of t#e te*egra"#ic te*egra"#ic message, message, :or %h #'n" o' 'orc (a-$r %o ro"r, i% i" nc""ar %ha% on ha" co((i%%# no n!li!nc or (i"con#$c% %ha% (a ha+ occa"ion# ?it# an act of !od in "roducing damage and %h lo"", 9nes neg*igence may #ave concurred ?it# inGury inGury to anot#e anot#erP rP nonet# nonet#e*e e*essss- s#o?in s#o?ing g t#at t#at t#e immedi immediate ate or "ro8 "ro8ima imate te cause cause of t#e damage or inGury ?as a fortuitous event ?ou*d not e8em"t e8em"t one from *iabi*ity, *iabi*ity,

'rtic* 'rtic*e e 115 115 of t#e Civi* Civi* Code Code states states t#at no "erson "erson s#a** be res"o res"onsi nsib* b*e e for a fortuitous event t#at cou*d not be foreseen or- t#oug# foreseen- ?as inevitab*e, n ot#er ?ords- t#ere must be an e8c*usion of #uman intervention from t#e cause of inGury or *oss, 'ssuming ar!$n#o t#at t#at fortui fortuitou tous s circum circumsta stance nces s "reve "revente nted d $C4 from from de*ive de*iverin ring g t#e te*egram at t#e soonest "ossib*e time- it s#ou*d #ave at *east informed !race of t#e non> transm transmiss ission ion and t#e non>de non>de*iv *ivery ery so t#at t#at s#e cou*d cou*d #ave #ave ta%en ta%en ste"s ste"s to remed remedy y t#e situation, )ut it did not, T#ere *ies t#e fau*t or neg*igence,

MINDEB RESOURCES DE7ELOPMENT DE7ELOPMENT v, v, EPHRAIM MORILLO G.R. No. 1!$1&!% Ma)+ 1&% &""&% PANGANI3AN% J. )n or#r 'or a 'or%$i%o$" +n% %o (% on 'ro( lia*ili%, i% i" nc""ar %ha% on ha" co((i%%# no n!li!nc or (i"con#$c% %ha% (a ha+ occa"ion# %h lo"". n?" n!li!nc (a ha+ conc$rr# i%h an ac% o' Go# in ro#$cin! #a(a! an# in-$r %o ano%hr@ non%hl"", "hoin! %ha% %h i((#ia% or roi(a% ca$" o' %h #a(a! or in-$r a" a 'or%$i%o$" +n% o$l# no% (% on 'ro( lia*ili%. hn %h c% i" 'o$n# %o * ar%l %h r"$l% o' a r"on?" ar%icia%ion h%hr * ac%i+ in%r+n%ion, n!lc% or 'ail$r %o ac% %h hol occ$rrnc i" h$(ani# an# r(o+# 'ro( %h r$l" alica*l %o ac%" o' Go#.

0ats 1 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages E"#raim E"#raim Mori**o Mori**o AMori**oB AMori**oB *eased #is ten>?#ee ten>?#ee*er *er cargo cargo truc% to Minde8 Minde8 $esour $esources ces Cor"or Cor"orati ation on AMinde AMinde8B 8B for its mining mining o"erat o"eration ions, s, T#e truc% truc% ?as burned burned by uni uniden dentiH tiHed ed "ersons ?#i*e it ?as "ar%ed unattended at Sitio 'ras- )igaan- San TeodoroTeodoro- 9rienta* Mindorodue to mec#anica* troub*e, U"on *earning of t#e burning incident- Mori**o oIered to se** t#e truc% to Minde8 but t#e *atter refused, nstead- it re"*aced t#e ve#ic*es ve#ic*es burned tires and #ad it to?e to?ed d to a s#o" s#o" for for re"ai e"airr and and over over#a #au* u*in ing, g, T#e T#e "art "artie ies s #ad #ad sinc since e remai emaine ned d uncom"romising- Mori**o "u**ed out t#e truc% from t#e re"air s#o" of Minde8 and #ad it re"aire re"aired d e*se?#er e*se?#ere, e, Mori**o Mori**o H*ed H*ed a com"*aint com"*aint for damages damages against against Minde8, Minde8, T#e $TC found Minde8 res"onsib*e for t#e destruction or *oss of t#e truc% and ordered it to "ay damages "*us interest, T#e C' armed t#e decision of t#e $TC ru*ing t#at t#e burning of t#e subGect truc% ?as im"ossib*e to foresee- but not im"ossib*e to avoid,

Iss/es F#et#er or not Minde8 is *iab*e to Mori**o because of its neg*igence,

R/l,n2 YES. Minde8 ?as neg*igent and t#us *iab*e for t#e *oss or destruction of t#e *eased truc%, TrueTrue- bot# "arties may #ave suIered from t#e burning of t#e truc%P #o?ever- as found by bot# *o?er courts- t#e neg*igence of Minde8 ma%es it res"onsib*e for t#e *oss, 'rtic*e 1665 of t#e Civi* Code #o*ds *essees res"onsib*e for t#e deterioration or *oss of t#e t#ing *eased- un*ess t#ey "rove t#at it too% "*ace ?it#out t#eir fau*t, T#is often>invo%ed doctrine of fortuitous fortuitous event or caso fortuito #as become a convenient and easy defense to e8cu*"ate an ob*igor from *iabi*ity, To constitute a fortuitous event- t#e fo**o?ing e*ements must concur: AaB t#e cause of t#e unforeseen and une8"ected une8"ected occurrence or of t#e fai*ure of t#e debtor to com"*y ?it# ob*igations must be inde"endent of #uman ?i**P AbB it must be im"ossib*e to foresee t#e event t#at constitutes t#e ca"o 'or%$i%o or- if it can be foreseen- it must be im"ossib*e to avoidP AcB t#e occurrence must be suc# as to render it im"ossib*e for t#e debtor to fu*H** ob*igations in a norma* mannerP and AdB t#e ob*igor must be free from any "artici"ation in t#e aggravation of t#e inGury or *oss, 'rtic*e 115 of t#e Civi* Code states t#at no "erson s#a** be res"onsib*e for a fortuitous event t#at cou*d not be foreseen ort#oug# foreseen- ?as inevitab*e, n ot#er ?ords- t#ere must be an e8c*usion of #uman intervention from t#e cause of inGury or *oss, ' revie? of t#e records c*ear*y s#o?s t#at Minde8 fai*ed to e8ercise reasonab*e care and cautio caution n t#at t#at an ordina ordinari* ri*y y "ruden "rudentt "erson "erson ?ou*d #ave #ave used used in t#e same same situat situation ion,, Minde8 fai*ed to em"*oy reasonab*e foresig#t- di*igence and care t#at ?ou*d #ave e8em"ted it from from *iab *iabi* i*it ity y resu resu*t *tin ing g from from t#e t#e burn burnin ing g of t#e t#e truc truc%, %, 3egligence- as comm common on*y *y understood- is t#at conduct t#at natura**y or reasonab*y creates undue ris% or #arm to ot#ers, t may be a fai*ure to observe t#at degree of care- "recaution or vigi*ance t#at t#e circumstances Gust*y demandP or to do any ot#er act t#at ?ou*d be done by a "rudent and reasonab*e "erson- ?#o is guided by considerations t#at ordinari*y regu*ate t#e conduct of #uman aIairs,

MAURICIO MANLICLIC an- PHILIPPINE RA33IT 3US LINES% INC. v, v, MODESTO CALAUNAN G.R. No. 1'"1'#% Jan/a)5 &'% &""#% CHICO
13 = 4 a g e


A $a"i#lic% or c$la a$iliana i" a "ara% l!al in"%i%$%ion $n#r %h Ci+il Co# i%h a "$*"%an%i+i% all i%" on, an# in#i+i#$ali% %ha% i" n%irl aar% an# in#n#n% 'ro( a #lic% or cri( B a #i"%inc%ion i"%" *%n %h ci+il lia*ili% ari"in! 'ro( a cri( an# %h r"on"i* r"on"i*ili% ili%  'or $a"i# $a"i#lic% lic%" " or c$la c$la %raco %racon%ra n%rac%$a c%$al. l. /h "a( "a( n!li!n n!li!nc c ca$"in! ca$"in! #a(a!" (a ro#$c ci+il lia*ili% ari"in! 'ro( a cri( $n#r %h Pnal Co#, or cra% an ac%ion 'or $a"i#lic%" or c$la %racon%rac%$al %racon%rac%$al $n#r %h Ci+il Co#. )% i" no "%%l# %ha% ac$i%%al o' %h acc$"#, +n i' *a"# on a ;n#in! %ha% h i" no% !$il%, #o" no% carr i%h i% %h %inc%ion o' %h ci+il lia*ili% *a"# on $a"i #lic%.

0ats

Modesto Ca*aunan ACa*aunanB- toget#er ?it# #is driver Marce*o Mendoa AMendoaB?as on #is ?ay to Mani*a from 4angasinan on board #is o?ner>ty"e Gee", T#e 4#i*i""ine $abbi $abbitt )us)us- o?ned o?ned by 4#i*i 4#i*i""i ""ine ne $abbi $abbitt )us LinesLines- nc, nc, A4$)L A4$)LBB and driven driven by Mauric Mauricio io Man*ic*ic AMan*ic*icB- ?as a*so bound for Mani*a from Tar*ac, T#e t?o ve#ic*es co**ided in 4*aride*- )u*acan, T#e front rig#t side of t#e 4#i*i""ine $abbit )us #it t#e rear *eft side of t#e Gee", Ca*aunan suIered suIered minor inGuries ?#i*e Mendoa ?as un#urt, un#urt, During t#e tria* of t#e civi* case for damages- Ca*aunan and Mendoa a**eged t#e Gee" ?as cruising at t#e s"eed of 60 to 50 %"# ?#en t#e 4#i*i""ine $abbit )us overtoo% t#e Gee" and in t#e "rocess of overta%ing t#e Gee" #itting t#e rear of t#e Gee", n ot#er ?ords- t#e 4#i*i""ine $abbit )us ?as sti** at t#e bac% of t#e Gee" ?#en t#e Gee" ?as #it, Man*ic*ic e8"*ained t#at ?#en t#e 4#i*i""ine $abbit bus ?as about to go to t#e *eft *ane to overta%e t#e Gee"- t#e *atter Gee" s?erved to t#e *eft, 4$)L maintained t#at it observed and e8ercised t#e di*igence di*igence of a good fat#er of a fami*y in t#e se*ection and su"ervision of its em"*oyee- s"eciHca**y Man*ic*ic,

T#e $TC rendered its decision in favor of Ca*aunan and against Man*ic*ic and 4$)L, 9n a""ea*- t#e C'- Hnding no reversib*e error in t#e decision of t#e $TC- armed it in a** res"ects,

Iss/e

F#et#er or not Man*i*ic and 4$)L can be #e*d so*idari*y *iab*e for damages because of t#e co**ision,

16 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages R/l,n2

YES, T#e e8tinction of civi* *iabi*ity referred to in 4ar, AeB of Section /- $u*e 111 no? Section Section 2 AbB of $u*e $u*e 111V- refers refers e8c*usive e8c*usive*y *y to civi* civi* *iabi*it *iabi*ity y founded founded on 'rtic*e 100 of t#e $evised 4ena* Code- ?#ereas t#e civi* *iabi*ity for t#e same act considered as a uasi>de*ict on*y and not as a crime is not e8tinguis#ed even by a dec*aration in t#e crimina* case t#at t#e crimina* act c#arged #as not #a""ened or #as not been committed by t#e accused, n ot#er ?ords- if an accused is acuitted based on reasonab*e doubt on #is gui*t- #is civi* *iabi*ity arising from t#e crime may be "roved by "re"onderance of evidence on*y, on*y,
's regards civi* *iabi*ity arising from uasi>de*ict or cu*"a aui*iana- same ?i** not be e8tinguis#ed by an acuitta*- ?#et#er it be on ground of reasonab*e doubt or t#at accused ?as not t#e aut#or of t#e act or omission com"*ained of Aor t#at t#ere is dec*aration in a Hna* Gudgment t#at t#e fact from ?#ic# t#e civi* *iabi*ity mig#t arise did not e8istB, t ?as "etitioner Man*ic*ic ?#o ?as neg*igent in driving t#e 4$)L bus ?#ic# ?as t#e cause of t#e co**ision,
n t#e case at bar- "etitioner 4$)L maintains t#at it #ad s#o?n t#at it e8ercised t#e reuired di*igence in t#e se*ection and su"ervision of its em"*oyees- "articu*ar*y "etitioner Man*ic*ic, T#e tria* court found t#at "etitioner 4$)L e8ercised t#e di*igence of a good fat#er of a fami*y in t#e se*ection but not in t#e su"ervision of its em"*oyees, +or fai*ure to adduce "roof "roof t#at t#at it e8er e8ercis cised ed t#e di*igenc di*igence e of a good good fat#er fat#er of a fami*y fami*y in t#e se*ecti se*ection on and su"ervision of its em"*oyees- "etitioner 4$)L is #e*d so*idari*y res"onsib*e for t#e damages caused by "etitioner Man*ic*ics neg*igence,

3AN; O0 THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS v, v, REYNALD R. SUARE: G.R. No. 1##'"% Ma)+ 1'% &"1"% CARPIO% J.

15 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages /h 'olloin! ar %h conditions for the award of oral daages  =1> %hr i" an in-$r  h%hr h"ical, (n%al or "cholo!ical  clarl "$"%ain# * %h clai(an%@ =2> %h c$la*l ac% or o(i""ion i" 'ac%$all "%a*li"h#@ =3> %h ron!'$l ac% or o(i""ion o' %h #'n#an% i" %h roi(a% ca$" o' %h in-$r "$"%ain# * %h clai(an%@ an# =4> %h aar# o' #a(a!" i" r#ica%# on an o' %h ca"" "%a%# in Ar%icl 2219 o' %h Ci+il Co#.

0ats $es"ondent 'tty, $eyna*d Suare ASuareB #ad savings and current accounts ?it# "etitioner )4 Ermita )ranc# from 17 to 1775, Suare c*ient "urc#ased severa* "arce*s of *and *and in Tagay agayta tay y City City,, Suar Suare es s c*ie c*ient nt de"o de"osi site ted d a $C)C C)C c#ec c#ec% % ?ort ?ort# # 417417- 127127-10 1000re"resenting t#e tota* consideration of t#e sa*es- in )4 4asong Tamo )ranc# to be credited to Suar Suare es s curr curren entt acco accoun untt in )4 )4 Ermi Ermita ta )ran )ranc# c#,, Suar Suare e inst instru ruct cted ed #is #is secr secret etar aryyA!araygayB- to conHrm from )4 ?#et#er t#e $C)C c#ec% ?as a*ready credited to #is account t#at same day, day, 'ccording to !araygay- )4 a**eged*y conHrmed t#e same>day crediting of t#e $C)C c#ec%, T#en- Suare issued on t#e same day Hve c#ec%s for t#e "ayment of t#e Tagaytay Tagaytay "ro"erties, "ro"erties, T#e )4 dis#onored dis#onored t#e Hve c#ec%s Suare Suare issued due to insuciency of funds and #is current account #ad been debited a tota* of 435- 200 as "ena*ty for t#e dis#onor, Suare sent a *etter to )4 demanding an a"o*ogy and t#e reversa* of t#e c#arges debited from #is account, )4 oIered to reverse t#e "ena*ty c#arges but denied Suares c*aim for damages, Suare reGected )4s oIer, Suare H*ed ?it# t#e $TC a com"*aint for damages c*aiming t#at )4 mis#and*ed #is account t#roug# neg*igence, T#e $TC $TC rendered Gudgment in favor of Suare, T#e C' armed in %o%o t#e decision of t#e $TC,

Iss/e F#et#er or not Suare is entit*ed for actua* and mora* damages for t#e neg*igence of )4,

R/l,n2 NO. 3egligence is deHned as t#e omission to do somet#ing ?#ic# a reasonab*e man- guided u"on t#ose considerations ?#ic# ordinari*y regu*ate t#e conduct of #uman aIairs- ?ou*d do- or t#e doing of somet#ing ?#ic# a "rudent man and reasonab*e man cou*d not do, T#e uestion concerning )4Os neg*igence- #o?ever- de"ends on ?#et#er )4 indeed conHrmed t#e same>day crediting of t#e $C)C c#ec%s face va*ue to Suares )4 account, )ased on t#e records- t#ere is no sucient evidence to s#o? t#at )4 conc*usive*y conHrmed t#e same>day crediting of t#e $C)C c#ec% ?#ic# Suares c*ient de"osited *ate on 16 &une 1775, !araygay fai*ed to A1B identify and name t#e a**eged )4 em"*oyee- and A2B estab*is# t#at t#is "articu*ar ma*e em"*oyee ?as aut#oried by )4 eit#er to disc*ose any information regar regardin ding g a de"osi de"ositor tors s ban% ban% accoun accountt to a "erson "erson ot#er ot#er t#an t#an t#e de"osi de"ositor tor over over t#e te*e"#one- or to assure !araygay t#at Suare cou*d issue c#ec%s tota*ing t#e face va*ue of t#e $C)C C)C c#ec% c#ec%,, 'ccor 'ccordin ding*y g*y-- )4 )4 ?as not esto"" esto""ed ed from from dis#on dis#onori oring ng t#e c#ec%s c#ec%s for inadeuacy of avai*ab*e funds in Suares account since t#e $C)C $C)C c#ec% remained unc*eared at t#at time, n t#e "resent case- Suare fai*ed to estab*is# t#at #is c*aimed inGury ?as "ro8imate*y caused caused by t#e errone erroneous ous mar%ing mar%ing of D'+ D'+ on t#e c#ec%s c#ec%s,, %ro&iate %ro&iate cause #as been deHned as any cause ?#ic#- in natura* and continuous seuence- unbro%en by any ecient intervening cause- "roduces t#e resu*t com"*ained of and ?it#out ?#ic# ?ou*d not #ave occurr occurred, ed, T#ere T#ere is not#in not#ing g in Suare Suares s testim testimony ony ?#ic# ?#ic# convin convincin cing*y g*y s#o?s s#o?s t#at t#at t#e erroneous mar%ing of D'+ on t#e c#ec%s "ro8imate*y caused #is a**eged "syc#o*ogica* or socia* inGuries,

1 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages 9n t#e a?ard of actua* actua* damagesdamages- t#e Court Court found found t#e same ?it#o ?it#out ut any basis, basis, Consideri Considering ng t#at )4 *ega**y *ega**y dis#onor dis#onored ed t#e c#ec%s c#ec%s for being dra?n against against unco**ect unco**ected ed de"osit- )4 ?as GustiHed in debiting t#e "ena*ty c#arges against Suares account,

OCEAN 3UILDERS CONSTRUCTION CORP.% an-4o) DENNIS HAO v. SPOUSES ANTONIO an- ANICIA CU3ACU3 G.R. No. 1'"$*$ A9),l 1!% &"11 CARPIO MORALES% J. /o "$cc""'$ll ro"c$% an ac%ion anchor# on %or%", %hr l(n%" ($"% * r"n%, +i =1> #$% =2> *rach =3> in-$r an# roi(a% ca$"a%ion.

0ACTS )*ad )*adim imir ir Cu Cuba bacu cub b ?as ?as em"* em"*oy oyed ed as main mainte tena nanc nce e man man by 9cea 9cean n )ui* )ui*de ders rs Construction Cor", A9)CCB in Ca*oocan City, )*adimir ?as aXicted ?it# c#ic%en "o8, ?or%er to accom"any #im to #is #ouse in Ca"as- Tar*ac so #e cou*d rest, ?or%er to instead bring )*adimir to t#e near neares estt #os" #os"it ita* a*,, )*ad )*adim imir irs s "are "arent nts> s> S"ou S"ouse ses s Cu Cuba bacu cub b arri arrive ved d at t#e t#e #os" #os"it ita* a* and and transferred )*adimir to anot#er #os"ita* ?#ere #e ?as "*aced in t#e intensive care unit and died t#e fo**o?ing day, day, S"ouses Cubacub H*ed before $TC $TC at Ca"as a com"*aint for damages against 9)CC and
ISSUE

F#et#er Dennis
RULING: NO, T#e "resent case is one for damages based on torts- t#e em"*oyer>em"*oyee re*ations#i" being mere*y incidenta*, To successfu**y "rosecute an action anc#ored on tortst#ree e*ements must be "resent- vi: A1B duty A2B breac# A/B inGury and "ro8imate causation, T#e assai*ed decision of t#e a""e**ate court #e*d t#at it ?as t#e duty of "etitioners to "rovide adeuate medica* assistance to t#e em"*oyees under 'rt, 161 of t#e Labor Codefai*ing ?#ic# a breac# is committed, 's found by t#e tria* court and borne by t#e records"etitioner day rest and to *ater #ave #im broug#t to t#e nearest #os"ita* constituted adeuate and immediate medica* attendance t#at #e is mandated- under 'rt, 161- to "rovide to a sic% em"*oyee in an emergency, emergency, 'T 'LL EE(TS- t#e a**eged neg*igence of
E?UITA3LE E?UITA3LE PCI 3AN; @t+e 3an,n2 Ent,t5 ,nto +,+ P+,l,99,ne Co((e),al Inte)nat,onal 3an as (e)2e- v. ROENA ONG Se9te(be) 1'% &"" CHICO
Torts Torts and Damages /h /h hi!h hi!h" "%% #!r #!r  o' #ili #ili! !nc nc  i"  c% c%# #,, an# an# hi!h hi!h "%an "%an#a #ar# r#" " o' in% in%!r !ri% i%  an# an# r'or(anc ar +n r$ir# o' i% i% =*an&>.

0ACTS Far*ia Far*ia Sarande de"osited in #er account at 4#i*i""ine Commercia* Commercia* nternationa* A4CB )an% Magsaysay 'venue- Santa 'na District- Davao City )ranc# a 4C )an% !enera* Santos City City )ranc# )ranc#-- TC)T C# C#ec% ec% (o, 0271 0271 in t#e amount of 4223-0 4223-000, 00,00, 00, U"on U"on inuir inuiry y by Serande at 4C )an% on ?#et#er t#e c#ec% #ad been c*eared- s#e received an armative ans?er, $e*ying on t#is assurance- s#e issued c#ec% dra?n against t#e "roceeds of t#e c#ec% in favor of $o?ena 9ng, 9ng "resented to 4C )an% Magsaysay 'venue )ranc# said c#ec% and reuested 4C )an% to convert t#e "roceeds t#ereof into a managers c#ec%?#ic# t#e 4C )an% ob*iged, T#e ne8t day- 9ng de"osited 4C )an% Managers c#ec% in #er account ?it# Euitab*e )an%ing Cor"oration Davao City )ranc#, Later- s#e received a c#ec% return>s*i" informing #er t#at 4C )an% #ad sto""ed t#e "ayment of t#e said c#ec% on t#e ground of irregu*ar issuance, 9ng made severa* demands to 4C )an% but ?as refused, T#uss#e H*ed a Com"*aint for sum of money- damages and attorneys fees against 4C )an%, $TC $TC ru*ed in #er favor, 9n a""ea*- C' denied t#e a""ea* of 4C )an%,

ISSUE F#et#er 9ng is entit*ed to mora* and e8em"*ary damages,

RULING YES, n t#e Hrst "*ace- by refusing to ma%e good t#e managers c#ec% it #as issued9ng suIered embarrassment and #umi*iation arising from t#e dis#onor of t#e said c#ec%, Second*y- t#e cu*"ab*e act of 4C )an% in #aving c*eared t#e c#ec% of Serande and issuing t#e manager managers s c#ec% c#ec% to 9ng is undeni undeniab* ab*e, e, T#ird T#ird*y*y- t#e "ro8im "ro8imate ate cause cause of t#e *oss *oss is attributab*e to 4C )an%, %ro&iat %ro&iate e cause is deHned as t#at cause ?#ic#- in natura* and continuous seuence- unbro%en by any ecient intervening cause- "roduces t#e inGury- and ?it#out ?#ic# t#e resu*t ?ou*d not #ave occurred, n t#is case- t#e "ro8imate cause of t#e *oss is t#e act of 4C )an% in #aving c*eared t#e c#ec% of Serande and its fai*ure to e8ercise t#at degree of di*igence reuired of it under t#e *a? ?#ic# resu*ted in t#e *oss to 9ng, T#e *a? a**o?s t#e grant of e&eplary daages to set an e8am"*e for t#e "ub*ic good, T#e ban%ing system #as become an indis"ensab*e institution in t#e modern ?or*d and "*ays a vita* ro*e in t#e economic *ife of every civi*ied society, F#et#er as mere "assive entities for t#e safe>%ee"ing and saving of money or as active instruments of business and commerce- ban%s #ave attained an ubiuitous "resence among t#e "eo"*e- ?#o #ave come to regard t#em ?it# res"ect and even gratitude and most of a**- conHdence, +or t#is reasonban%s s#ou*d guard against inGury attributab*e to neg*igence or bad fait# on its "art, Fit#out a doubtdoubt- it #as been re"eated* re"eated*y y em"#asi em"#asied ed t#at since t#e ban%ing business business is im"ressed im"ressed ?it# "ub*ic interest- of "aramount im"ortance t#ereto is t#e trust and conHdence of t#e "ub*ic "ub*ic in genera*, genera*, Conseuent*y Conseuent*y-- t#e #ig#est degree of di*igenc di*igence e is e8"ected e8"ected-- and #ig# standards of integrity and "erformance are even reuired of it,
7ICENTE CALALAS v. COURT O0 APPEALS% ELI:A JUJEURCHE SUNGA an0RANCISCO 0RANCIS CO SAL S AL7A 7A G.R. No. 1&&"!*. Ma5 !1% &""" MENDO:A% J.

20 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages /h #oc%rin o' roi(a% ca$" i" alica*l onl in ac%ion" 'or $a"i#lic%, no% in ac%ion" in+ol+in! *rach o' con%rac%.

0ACTS E*ia &uGeurc#e !, Sunga too% a "assenger Gee"ney o?ned and o"erated by icente Ca*a*as, 's t#e Gee"ney ?as H**ed to ca"acity of about 2 "assengers- Sunga ?as given by t#e conductor an e8tension seat- a ?ooden stoo* at t#e bac% of t#e door at t#e rear end of t#e ve#ic*e, T#e Gee"ney sto""ed to *et a "assenger oI, 's s#e ?as seated at t#e rear of t#e ve#ic*e- Sunga gave ?ay to t#e outgoing "assenger, "assenger, &ust as s#e ?as doing so- a n suu truc% driven by g*ecerio erena erena and o?ned by +rancisco Sa*va bum"ed t#e *eft rear "ortion of t#e Gee"ney, Gee"ney, 's a resu*t- Sunga ?as inGured, Sunga H*ed a com"*aint for damages against Ca*a*as, Ca*a*as, Ca*a*asCa*a*as- on t#e ot#er #and- H*ed a t#ird>"ar t#ird>"arty ty com"*aint com"*aint against +rancisc +rancisco o Sa*vat#e o?ner of t#e suu truc%, $TC rendered rendered Gudgment against Sa*va as t#ird>"arty defendant and abso*ved Ca*a*as of *iabi*ity, t too% cogniance of anot#er case ACivi* Case (o, /70BH*ed by Ca*a*as against Sa*va and erenaerena- for uasi>de*ict- in ?#ic# )ranc# /5 #e*d Sa*va and #is driver erena erena Goint*y *iab*e *iab*e to Ca*a*as for t#e damage to #is Gee"ney, Gee"ney, C' reversed t#e Gudgment,

ISSUE F#et#er Ca*a*as is *iab*e on #is contract of carriage,

RULING YES. Cons Conse eue uent nt*y *y-- in 'uasi4delict - t#e t#e neg* neg*ig igen ence ce or fau* fau*tt s#ou s#ou*d *d be c*ea c*ear* r*y y estab*is#ed because it is t#e basis of t#e action- ?#ereas in breach of contract - t#e action can be "rosecuted mere*y by "roving t#e e8istence of t#e contract and t#e fact t#at t#e ob*igor- in t#is case t#e common carrier- fai*ed to trans"ort #is "assenger safe*y to #is destination, n case of deat# or inGuries to "assengers- 'rt, 1536 of t#e Civi* Code "rovides t#at common carriers are "resumed to #ave been at fau*t or to #ave acted neg*igent*y un*ess t#ey "rove t#at t#ey observed e8traordinary di*igence as deHned in 'rts, 15// and 1533 of t#e Code, T#is "rovision necessari*y s#ifts to t#e common carrier t#e burden of "roof, T#ere is- t#us- no basis for t#e contention t#at t#e ru*ing in Civi* Case (o, /70Hnding Sa*va and #is driver erena *iab*e for t#e damage to "etitioners Gee"ney- s#ou*d be binding on Sunga, t is immateria* t#at t#e "ro8imate cause of t#e co**ision bet?een t#e Gee"ney and t#e truc% ?as t#e neg*igence of t#e truc% driver, driver, he doctrine of pro&iate cause is applicable only in actions for 'uasi4delict, not in actions involving breach of contract. T#e doctrine is a device for im"uting *iabi*ity to a "erson ?#ere t#ere is no re*ation bet?een #im and anot#er "arty, n suc# a case- t#e ob*igation is created by *a? itse*f, )ut- ?#ere t#ere is a "re>e8isting contractua* re*ation bet?een t#e "arties- it is t#e "arties t#emse*ves ?#o create t#e ob*igation- and t#e function of t#e *a? is mere*y to regu*ate t#e re*ation t#us created, nsofar as contracts of carriage are concerned- some as"ects regu*ated by t#e Civi* Code are t#ose res"ecting t#e di*igence reuired of common carriers ?it# regard to t#e safety of "assengers as ?e** as t#e "resum"tion of neg*igence in cases cases of deat# deat# or inGury inGury to "assen "assenger gers,T s,T#us #us-- t#e decisio decision n of t#e C' ?as armed armed ?it# ?it# modiHcation,

LAM3ERT S. RAMOS v. C.O.L. REALTY CORPORATION G.R. No. 1$6*"' A/2/st &$% &""* YNARES
21 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages %ro&iate cause i" cause i" #;n# a" %ha% ca$", hich, in na%$ral an# con%in$o$" "$nc, $n*ro&n * an 
0ACTS '*ong Nati"unan A'venueB- corner $aGa# Matanda AStreetB- ;ueon City- a ve#icu*ar accident too% "*ace bet?een a Toyota '*tis Sedan- o?ned by C,9,L, $ea*ty Cor"oration- and driven by 'ui*ino Larin- and a +ord E8"edition- o?ned by Lambert $amos and driven by $ode* *ustrisimo, ' "assenger of t#e sedan- Este*a Ma*i?at sustained inGuries, C,9,L, $ea*ty H*ed a Com"*aint for Damages based on uasi>de*ict against $amos before t#e MeTC, Said court e8cu*"ated $amos from *iabi*ity, $TC armed MeTCs decision, M$ met t#e same fate as it ?as denied, C,9,L, $ea*ty $ea*ty a""ea*ed to t#e C' ?#ic# armed t#e vie? t#at 'ui*ino ?as neg*ig neg*igent ent in cross crossing ing Nati" Nati"una unan n 'venue venue from from $aGa# $aGa# Matand Matanda a Street Street since since suc# suc# act is "ro#ibited, t *i%e?ise noted t#at at t#e time of t#e co**ision- $amos ve#ic*e ?as moving at #ig# s"eed in a busy area t#at ?as t#en t#e subGect of an ongoing construction, t t#erefore found t#e driver $ode* gui*ty of contributory neg*igence for driving t#e +ord E8"edition at #ig# s"eed a*ong a busy intersection, intersection, $amos H*ed M$ but ?as denied,

ISSUE F#et#er t#e C's decision is contrary to *a? and Guris"rudence- and t#e evidence to su""ort and Gustify t#e same is insucient,

RULING YES. 'rtic*es 2157 and 213 of t#e Civi* Code on uasi>de*icts a""*y in t#is case- vi: 8 8 8 '""*ying t#e foregoing "rinci"*es of *a? to t#e instant case- 'ui*inos act of crossing Nati"unan 'venue via $aGa# Matanda constitutes neg*igence because it ?as "ro#ibited by *a?, Moreover- it ?as t#e "ro8imate cause of t#e accident- and t#us "rec*udes any recovery for any damages suIered by res"ondent from t#e accident, %ro&iate cause is deHned as t#at t#at caus causee- ?#ic ?#ic##- in natu natura ra** and and cont contin inuo uous us seu seuen ence ce-- un unbr bro% o%en en by any any eci ecien entt interv interveni ening ng causecause- "rodu "roduces ces t#e inGury inGury-- and ?it#ou ?it#outt ?#ic# ?#ic# t#e resu* resu*tt ?ou*d ?ou*d not #ave #ave occurred, 'nd more com"re#ensive*ycom"re#ensive*y- t#e pro&iate legal cause is t#at acting Hrst and "roducing t#e inGury- eit#er immediate*y or by setting ot#er events in motion- a** constituting a natura* and continuous c#ain of events- eac# #aving a c*ose causa* connection ?it# its immediate "redecessor- t#e Hna* event in t#e c#ain immediate*y eIecting t#e inGury as a natura* and "robab*e resu*t of t#e cause ?#ic# Hrst acted- under suc# circumstances t#at t#e "erson res"onsib*e for t#e Hrst event s#ou*d- as an ordinary "rudent and inte**igent "erson- #ave reasonab*e ground to e8"ect at t#e moment of #is act or defau*t t#at an inGury to some "erson mig#t "robab*y resu*t t#erefrom, f 'ui*ino #eeded t#e MMD' "ro#ibition against crossing Nati"unan 'venue from $aGa# Matanda- t#e accident ?ou*d not #ave #a""ened, T#is s"eciHc unto?ard event is e8act*y ?#at t#e MMD' "ro#ibition ?as intended for, T#us- a "rudent and inte**igent "erson ?#o resides ?it#in t#e vicinity ?#ere t#e accident occurred- 'ui*ino #ad reasonab*e ground to e8"ect t#at t#e accident ?ou*d be a natura* and "robab*e resu*t if #e crossed Nati"unan 'venue since suc# crossing is considered dangerous on account of t#e busy nature of t#e t#oroug#fare and t#e ongoing construction of t#e Nati"unan>)oni 'venue under"ass, t ?as manifest error for t#e Court of '""ea*s to #ave over*oo%ed t#e "rinci"*e embodied in 'rtic*e 2157 of t#e Civi* Code- t#at ?#en t#e "*aintiIs o?n neg*igence ?as t#e immediate and "ro8imate cause of #is inGury- #e cannot recover damages,
22 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages UNI7ERSAL A?UARIUS% INC. an- CONCHITA TAN v. ?.C. HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CORPORATION G.R. NO. 1''**" Se9te(be) 1&% &""# AUSTRIA
0ACTS T#e c#emica* "*ant of Universa* 'uarius- nc, AUniversa*B is adGacent to t#e de"ot of Marman Marman Trading rading AMarmanB AMarmanB o?ned by Conc#ita Conc#ita Tan, ;,C, Universa* 'uarius C#a"tersent a (otice of Stri%e to Universa*, T#ey "ic%eted- barricaded and obstructed t#e entry and e8it e8it of Universa*O Universa*Os s c#emica* c#emica* "*ant and interce"t interce"ted ed Universa* Universa*Os Os de*ivery de*ivery truc%s, truc%s, MarmanOs MarmanOs de"ot- ?#ic# adGoined Universa*Os "*ant- suIered a simi*ar fate, Universa* and Tan H*ed a Com"*aint against t#e stri%ers and $esources before t#e $TC for breac# of contract and damages suIered due to t#e disru"tion of t#eir res"ective business o"erations, Universa* forged an 'greement ATo End Labor Dis"uteB ?it# 9brero 4i*i"ino, Universa* and Tan t#en H*ed a (otice of Dismissa* as against t#e stri%ers, $esources H*ed a motion to dismiss but ?as denied by t#e t #e $TC, $TC, T#e M$ ?as *i%e?ise denied, 9n a""ea*- C' dismissed t#e com"*aint for *ac% of cause of action,

ISSUE F#et#er Tan #as cause of action against $esources,

RULING NO, Tan #as no cause cause of action action agains againstt $esour esources ces,, ' t#orou t#oroug# g# readi reading ng of t#e a**egations of t#e Com"*aint revea*s t#at TanOs c*aim for damages c*ear*y s"rings from t#e stri%e eIected by t#e em"*oyees of $esources, t is sett*ed t#at an em"*oyerOs *iabi*ity for acts of its em"*oyees attac#es on*y ?#en t#e tortious conduct of t#e em"*oyee re*ates to- or is in t#e course of- #is em"*oyment, T#e uestion t#en is ?#et#erat t#e time of t#e damage or inGu inGury ry-- t#e t#e em"* em"*oy oyee ee is enga engage ged d in t#e t#e aIai aIairs rs or conc concer erns ns of t#e t#e em"* em"*oy oyer er ororinde"endent*yinde"endent*y- in t#at of #is o?n, An eployer incurs no liability when an eployee6s conduct, act or oission is beyond the range of eployent. Unuestionab*y- ?#en $esourcesO em"*oyees staged a stri%e- t#ey ?ere acting on t#eir o?n- beyond t#e range of t#eir em"*oyment, T#us- $esources cannot be #e*d *iab*e for damages caused by t#e stri%e staged by its em"*oyees, "ho$l# "ho %ha% i% rci"# %h #ili!nc o' a !oo# 'a%hr o' a 'a(il, *o%h in %h "lc%ion o' %h (lo an# in %h "$r+i"ion o' %h r'or(anc o' hi" #$%i". #$%i".

0ACTS Mercury Drug Cor"oration is t#e registered o?ner of a si8>?#ee*er 1770 Mitsubis#i Truc%, Truc%, t #as in its em"*oy $o*ando &, de* $osario as driver, driver, S"ouses $ic#ard and Carmen
2/ = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages T#ese t?o ve#ic*es Hgured in a road accident, 't t#e time of t#e accident- De* $osario on*y #ad a Trac io*ation $ecei"t AT$B,
ISSUE F#et#er Mercury Drug is *iab*e as t#e em"*oyer of de* $osario,

RULING YES. To To be re*ieved re*ieved of *iabi*ity- "etitioner Mercury Drug s#ou*d s#o? t#at it e8ercised e8ercised t#e di*igence of a good fat#er of a fami*y- bot# in t#e se*ection of t#e em"*oyee and in t#e su"erv su"ervisi ision on of t#e "erfor "erforman mance ce of #is dutie duties, s, T#usT#us- in t#e se*ect se*ection ion of its "ros" "ros"ect ective ive em"*oyees- t#e em"*oyer is reuired to e8amine t#em as to t#eir ua*iHcations- e8"erienceand service records, Fit# res"ect to t#e su"ervision of its em"*oyees- t#e em"*oyer s#ou*d formu* formu*ate ate standa standard rd o"erat o"erating ing "roce "rocedur dureses- monito monitorr t#eir t#eir im"*em im"*ement entati ationon- and im"ose im"ose disci"*inary measures for t#eir breac#, To estab*is# com"*iance ?it# t#ese reuirementsem"*oyers must submit concrete "roof- inc*uding documentary evidence, n t#e instant case- "etitioner Mercury Drug "resented testimonia* evidence on its #iring "rocedure, 'ccording to Mrs, Mer*ie Caamic- t#e $ecruitment and Training Training Manager of "etitioner Mercury Drug- a""*icants are reuired to ta%e t#eoretica* and actua* driving testsand "syc#o*ogica* e8amination, n t#e case of "etitioner De* $osario- #o?ever- Mrs, Caamic admitted t#at #e too% t#e driving tests and "syc#o*ogica* e8amination ?#en #e a""*ied for t#e "osition of De*ivery Man- but not ?#en #e a""*ied for t#e "osition of Truc% Man, Mrs, Caamic a*so admitted t#at "etitioner De* $osario used a !a*ant ?#ic# is a *ig#t ve#ic*einstead of a truc% during t#e driving tests, +urt#er- no tests ?ere conducted on t#e motor s%i**s deve*o"ment- "erce"tua* s"eed- visua* attention- de"t# visua*iation- eye and #and coordination and steadiness of "etitioner De* $osario, (o () and "o*ice c*earances ?ere a*so "resented, Last*y- "etitioner De* $osario attended on*y t#ree driving seminars on &une /0- 2001- +ebruary 3- 2000 and &u*y 5- 17, n eIect- t#e on*y seminar #e attended before t#e accident ?#ic# occurred in 1776 ?as #e*d t?e*ve years ago in 17, 4etitioner Mercury Drug *i%e?ise fai*ed to s#o? t#at it e8ercised due di*igence on t#e su"ervision and disci"*ine over its em"*oyees, n fact- on t#e day of t#e accident- "etitioner De* $osario ?as driving ?it#out a *icense,
PRO0ESSIONAL SER7ICES% INC. v. NATI7IDAD AND ENRI?UE AGANA G.R. No. 1&&*# Jan/a)5 !1% &""#% San-oval
2 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages "$r!on i" %h on in co(l% char! o' %h "$r!r roo( an# all r"onnl connc%# i%h %h ora%ion.

0ats Dr, Dr, Migue* 'm"i* ordered t#e o"eration of (atividad 'gana- a "atient ?#o ?as rus#ed to t#e Medica* City !enera*
Iss/es 1, F#et#er or not not Dr, Dr, +uentes +uentes is *iab*e- a""*ying a""*ying t#e doctrine of res res i"sa *ouitur, *ouitur, 2, F#et#e F#et#err or not 4S is *iab*e *iab*e,,

R/l,n2 1, NO. +or t#e doctrine of res i"sa *ouitur to a""*y- t#e t#ing ?#ic# caused t#e inGury s#ou*d be under t#e managemen managementt and contro* contro* of t#e defendant defendant,, +o**o?ing +o**o?ing t#e Fa9ta,n of t+e s+,9 -ot),ne- t#e o"erating surgeon A*ead surgeonB is t#e "erson ?#o #as com"*ete contro contro** over over t#e o"erat o"eration ion Ainc*u Ainc*udin ding g t#e t#ing t#ing ?#ic# ?#ic# caused caused t#e inGury inGuryBB since since #e is in com"*ete c#arge of t#e surgery room and a** "ersonne* connected ?it# t#e o"eration, n t#is case- Dr, Dr, 'm"i* ?as t#e *ead surgeon: #e ?as t#e one ?#o directed t#e o"eration and ca**ed on Dr, Dr, +uentes +uentes to "erform "erform a #ysterec #ysterectomy tomy,, Conseuent Conseuent*y*y- it ?as Dr, 'm"i* and not Dr, Dr, +uentes ?#o #ad com"*ete contro* over t#e gaues ?#ic# caused inGury to (atividad, n t#at case- res i"sa *ouitur does not a""*y- and no "resum"tion of neg*igence can be #ad as against Dr, +uentes, 2, YES. Under t#e -ot),ne of )es9on-eat s/9e),o)- as found in 'rt, 210 of t#e Civi* Codeem"*oyers s#a** be Qres"onsib*e for damages caused by t#eir em"*oyees 8 8 8R Although physicians are not eployees7 of the hospital due to the latter6s lac9 of control over the anner of the physicians6 wor9, developents in edical care propted the ruling ruling that an eployer4e eployer4eployee ployee relationship relationship e&ists between between hospitals hospitals and their attending physicians physicians for purposes purposes of allocating allocating responsibility responsibility in edical edical *iab*e under t#e -ot),ne of o)9o)ate ne2l,2ene , Since negligence cases. 4S is a*so *iab*e 4S o"erates a #os"ita*- it #as t#e duty to e8ercise reasonab*e care to "rotect a** its "atients from #arm,
E?UITA3LE LEASING CORPORATION v. LUCITA SUYOM% MARISSA ENANO% MYRNA TAMAYO AND 0ELIB OLEDAN G.R. No. 16!!" Se9te(be) '% &""&% Pan2an,ban% Pan2an,ban% J. )n an ac%ion *a"# on $a"i #lic%, %h r!i"%r# onr o' a (o%or +hicl i" "oli#aril lia*l 'or %h #a(a!" ca$"# * %h n!li!nc o' %h #ri+r, +n i' %h +hicl a" alra# "ol# * +ir%$ o' an $nr!i"%r# $nr!i"%r# ## o' "al. )n con%(la%ion con%(la%ion o' la, la, %h r!i"%r# r!i"%r# onr i" %h la'$l ora%or o' %h +hicl an# (lor o' %h #ri+r. /h ral ora%or i" %ra%# onl a" an a!n% o' %h r!i"%r# onr.

23 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages 0ats n 177- a +uso $oad Tractor driven by $au* Tutor rammed into t#e #ouse of Myrna Tamayo, Tamayo, T#e $TC $TC convicted Tutor of rec%*ess im"rudence resu*ting in mu*ti"*e #omicide and mu*ti"*e "#ysica* inGuries- but Tamayo et a*, fai*ed to recover anyt#ing from t#e crimina* case, Tamayo et a*, decided to H*e a se"arate civi* action for damages under 'rt, 2156 against Euitab*e Leasing Cor"oration- t#e registered o?ner of t#e motor ve#ci*e, n its defense- Euitab*e argued t#at it ?as no *onger t#e o?ner andor o"erator of t#e ve#ic*e at t#e time of t#e accident since Euitab*e #ad va*id*y so*d it to anot#er "erson since 1772,

Iss/e F#et#er or not Euitab*e Leasing Cor", is *iab*e even if it is no *onger t#e actua* o?ner of t#e ve#ic*e,

R/l,n2 YES. "n an action based on 'uasi delict, the registered owner of a otor vehicle is solidarily liable for the daages caused by the negligence of the driver. T#is is true even if t#e ve#ic*e ?as a*ready so*d by t#e o?ner to a buyer by virtue of an unregistered deed of sa*e- and even if t#e registered o?ner does not use t#e ve#ic*e for "ub* "ub*ic ic serv servic ice, e, he he sale sale of o oto tor r vehi vehicl cles es is not not bind bindin ing g upon upon thir third d pers person ons, s, especially upon the victis of an accident, unless the sae is registered with the and ransportation ;
PCI LEASING AND 0INANCE% INC. v. UCP3 GENERAL INSURANCE CO.% INC. G.R. No. 1&&# J/l5 6% &""$% A/st),a > %ha% %ha% i" no% r!i"% r!i"%r r# # i%h i%h %h Han# /ran"o ran"or%a r%a%ion %ion 
0ats ' tan%er truc% truc% registered registered under under t#e name of 4C Leasing and +inan +inancece- nc, A4CB A4CB bum"ed a car insured insured by UC4) !enera* nsurance nsurance Co,- nc, nc, 'fter 'fter subrogation- t#e insurer insurer immediate*y demanded "ayment from 4C for damages caused by t#e tan%er truc%- but 4C refused, nstead- 4C denies *iabi*ity based on an unregistered Hnancia* *ease agreement?#ereby 4C *eased t#e tan%er truc% to Su"erior !as K Euitab*e Co,- nc, ASU!EC9B- and t#at t#e driver of t#e said truc% ?as SU!EC9s em"*oyee,

Iss/e F#et#er or not 4C s#ou*d be #e*d *iab*e for t#e damages caused by t#e tan%er truc%,

R/l,n2 26 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages YES, A sale, lease -or (nancial lease that is not registered with the and ransportation ;
0ats ' "rivate tan%er driven by &erry 'a*ucas y 4ita*ino #it a car and morta**y inGured its driver- a co**ege fres#man, T#e "arents of t#e deceased driver AS"s, $oberto and $osario (abuaB sued 'a*ucas and 9MC Carriers- nc,- t#e em"*oyer of 'a*ucas and t#e registered o?ner of t#e "rivate tan%er before t#e $TC, T#e tria* court ru*ed for t#e S"s, (abua and a?arded com"ensatory damages- among ot#ers,

Iss/e A1B F#et#er or not 9MC Carriers- nc, nc, is *iab*e for t#e damage caused caused by its tan%er, tan%er, A2B F#et#er or not not "ayment of com"ensatory damages damages is due, due,

R/l,n2 A1B YES, T#e em"*oyer of a neg*igent em"*oyee is *iab*e for t#e damages caused by t#e *atter, =hen an in>ury is caused by the negligence of an eployee, there instantly arises a presuption of negligence on the part of the eployer, either in the selection of his eployee or in the supervision over hi after such selection. ?owever, the presuption ay be overcoe overcoe by a clear showing on the part of the eployer that he has has e& e&er erci cise sed d the the care care and and dili dilige genc nce e of a good good fath father er of a fai faily ly in the the
25 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages at t#e time of deat#- ?as reasonab*y certain to com"*ete training for a s"eciHc "rofession,
LARRY ESTACION v. NOE 3ERNARDO% THRU HIS GUARDIAN AD LITEM ARLIE 3ERNARDO% CECILIA 3ANDO?UILLO AND GEMINIANO ?UIN?UILLERA G.R. No. 166#&! 0eb)/a)5 0eb)/a)5 &#% &""% A/st),a
0ats (oe )ernar )ernardo do ?as standi standing ng on t#e *eft rear rear "ortio "ortion n of an over*o over*oade aded d +ord +ord +iera iera "assen "assenger ger Gee"n Gee"ney ey on #is ?ay #ome #ome to Dumagu Dumaguete ete,, F#i*e F#i*e t#e Gee"ney Gee"ney sto""e sto""ed d at t#e s#ou*der of t#e road to "ic% u" "assengers- an suu cargo truc% trave**ing in t#e same direction at a very fast s"eed #it t#e rear end "ortion of t#e Gee"ney ?#ere )ernardo ?as standing, T#e tremendous force crus#ed )ernardos *egs, )ernardos guardian ad *item sued Larry Estacion- t#e registered o?ner of t#e cargo truc%- and #is truc% driver for damages, Estacion and #is driver argued t#at even if t#ey ?ere to be found neg*igent- t#e a?ard of damages to )ernardo s#ou*d be mitigated because of t#e neg*igence of A1B t#e driver of t#e Gee"neyP A2B t#e registered registered o?ner of t#e Gee"neyP Gee"neyP and A/B )ernardo )ernardo #imse*f, #imse*f,

Iss/e F#et#er or not t#e a?ard of damages to )ernardo s#ou*d be mitigated- and if so- by #o? muc#,

R/l,n2 YES. 'rtic* 'rtic*e e 2157 2157 of t#e Civi* Civi* CodeCode- ?#ic# ?#ic# dea*s dea*s ?it# ?it# contri contribut butory ory neg*ig neg*igenc encee"rovides t#at if t#e "*aintiIs neg*igence ?as on*y contributory- t#e "ro8imate cause of t#e inGury sti** being t#e defendants *ac% of due care- Qt#e "*aintiI may recover damages- but t#e courts s#a** mitigate t#e damages to be a?ardedR, T#is is because a "*aintiI ?#o is "art*y res"onsib*e for #is o?n inGury s#ou*d not be entit*ed to recover damages in fu** but must bear t#e conseuences of #is o?n neg*igence, neg*igence, de*ict- res"ective*y,

MERCURY DRUG CORPORATION AND ROLANDO J. DEL ROSARIO v. SPOUSES RICHARD HUANG AND CARMEN HUANG% AND STEPHEN HUANG G.R. No. 166#&! 0eb)/a)5 0eb)/a)5 &#% &""% A/st),a
2 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages /o * rli+# o' lia*ili%, an (lor "ho$l# "ho %ha% i% rci"# %h #ili!nc o' a !oo# 'a%hr o' a 'a(il, *o%h in %h "lc%ion o' %h (lo an# in %h "$r+i"ion o' %h r'or( r'or(anc anc  o' o' hi" hi" #$%i #$%i". ".

0ats Ste"#en 3 u" driver "rior to t#e accident,

Iss/e F#et#er or not Mercury Drug is *iab*e for damages,

R/l,n2 YES, Since De* $osarios neg*igence is t#e "ro8imate cause of t#e inGury- Mercury Drug as t#e em"*oyer is *i%e?ise "resumed neg*igent under 'rt, 210 of t#e Civi* Code, To be re*ieved of *iabi*ity- Mercury Mercury Drug s#ou*d s#o? t#at it e8ercised e8ercised t#e di*igence of a good fat#er of a fami*y- bot# in t#e se*ection of t#e em"*oyee and in t#e su"ervision of t#e "erformance of #is duties, duties, n t#is t#is casecase- Mercu Mercury ry Drug Drug fai*ed fai*ed to "rove "rove t#at t#at it e8er e8ercis cised ed due care in su"ervising De* $osario, n fact- at t#e time of t#e accident- De* $osario ?as out on t#e road for more t#an t#irteen A1/B #ours straig#t ?it#out any a*ternate, Li%e?ise- De* $osario did not #ave a *icense ?#en #e drove t#e truc%, +ina**y- ?#i*e De* $osario re"orted t#e accident to Mercury Drug- t#e *atter did not sus"end or even re"rimand De* $osario,

THE HEIRS O0 REDENTOR COMPLETO AND ELPIDIO A3IAD v. SGT. AMANDO C. AL3AYDA% JR. G.R. No. 1#&&"" J/l5 % &"1"% Na+/)a% J. /(ra% #a(a!", (or %han no(inal *$% l"" %han co(n"a%or #a(a!", (a * rco+r# hn %h co$r% ;n#" %ha% "o( c$niar lo"" ha" *n "$r# *$% i%" a(o$n% canno%, 'ro( %h na%$r o' %h ca", * ro+# i%h cr%ain%.

0ats Sgt, 'mando C, '*bayda- &r, ?as riding a bicyc*e on #is ?ay to t#e oce,
Iss/e F#et#er or not t#e a?ard of damages is correct,

R/l,n2 27 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages NO. T#e a?ard of actua* damages is not "ro"er because Sgt, '*bayda- &r, fai*ed to "resent "resent documentary documentary evidence evidence to estab*is estab*is# # ?it# certainty certainty t#e amount amount t#at #e incurred incurred during during #is #is #os"it #os"ita*i a*iat ation ion and treat treatmen mentt for t#e inGuri inGuries es #e suIer suIered, ed, n t#e absenc absence e of sti"u*ation- actua* damages are a?arded on*y for suc# "ecuniary *oss suIered t#at ?as du*y "roved, )ut ?#i*e t#e amount of actua* damages ?as not du*y estab*is#ed ?it# certaintySgt, '*bayda- &r, incurred a considerab*e amount for #is medica* e8"enses- as ?e** as *oss of ca"a ca"aci city ty to ear earn ?age ?ages, s, Tem"e em"era rate te dama damage gess- mor more t#an t#an nomi nomina na** but but *ess *ess t#an t#an com"ensatory damages- may be recovered ?#en t#e court Hnds t#at some "ecuniary *oss #as been suIered but its amount cannot- from t#e nature of t#e case- be "roved ?it# certai certainty nty,, de*icts causing "#ysica* inGuries, AL0REDO P. PACIS AND CLEOPATRA D. PACIS v. JEROME JO7ANNE MORALES G.R. No. 1*6# 0eb)/a)5 &'% &"1"% Ca)9,o% J. D(lor" ar c%# %o rci" %h #!r o' car an# #ili!nc r$ir# o' a !oo# 'a%hr o' a 'a(il, an# ($"% "ho roo' o' %h "a( in or#r %o 'r %h( 'ro( lia*ili%.

0ats '*fred Dennis 4acis ?as inside a gun store in )aguio City o?ned and o"erated by &erome &ovanne Mora*es- toget#er ?it# t#e gun stores sa*es agents, 9n t#at day- t#e sa*es agents broug#t out a gun sent to t#eir store for re"air- and "*aced it on to" of a tab*e, '*fred ?as attracted to t#e sig#t of t#e gun and got #o*d of t#e same, 9ne of t#e sa*es agents as%ed '*fred to return t#e gun- to ?#ic# '*fred com"*ied, T#e gun accidenta**y ?ent oI as '*fred ?as #anding it to t#e sa*es agent, ' bu**et struc% '*fred in t#e #ead and %i**ed #im instant*y,

Iss/e F#et#er or not Mora*es is *iab*e for t#e deat# of '*fred,

R/l,n2 YES. Un*i%e t#e subsidiary *iabi*ity of t#e em"*oyer under t#e $evised 4ena* Codethe liability of the eployer for 'uasi4delicts is priary and direct. Em"*oyers are e8"ected to e8ercise t#e degree of care and di*igence reuired of a good fat#er of a fami*yand must s#o? "roof of t#e same in order to free f ree t#em from *iabi*ity, *iabi*ity, n fact- a #ig#er degree of care is reuired of someone ?#o #as in #is "ossession or contro* an instrumenta*ity e8treme*y e8treme*y dangerous in c#aracter- suc# as dangerous ?ea"ons or substances,

n t#is case- a gun store o?ner suc# as Mora*es is "resumed to %no? about Hrearms safety,
LOADMASTERS LOADMASTERS CUSTOMS SER7ICES% INC.% v. GLODEL 3RO;ERAGE CORPORATION an- R83 INSURANCE CORPORATION G.R. No. 1#*66 Jan/a)5 1"% &"11% Men-o=a% J.

/0 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages )n ;n, a lia*ili% 'or %or% (a ari" +n $n#r a con%rac%, hr %or% i" %ha% hich *rach" %h con%rac%.

0ats Co*umbia insured its s#i"ment of e*ectric co""er cat#odes ?it# $K) nsurance, T#e s#i"ment t#en arrived at Mani*a, Co*umbia engaged !*ode* for t#e ?it#dra?a*re*ease of t#e cargoes and t#eir de*ivery to Co*umbias ?are#ouses, n turn- !*ode* engaged t#e services of Loadma Loadmaste sters rs to trans"ort trans"ort t#e cargoe cargoes, s, 12 truc%s o?ned o?ned by Loadma Loadmaste sters rs driven driven by its em"*oyed drivers ?it# its em"*oyed truc% #e*"ers ?ere tas%ed ?it# t#e de*ivery,
Iss/e F#et#er or not Loadmasters is *iab*e ?it# !*ode*

R/l,n2 YES% it is *iab*e a*t#oug# not as an agent but a tortfeasor, Loadmasters c*aim t#at it ?as never "rivy to t#e contract entered into by !*ode* ?it# t#e consignee Co*umbia or $K) nsurance as subrogee- is not a va*id defense, t may not #ave a direct contractua* re*ation ?it# Co*umbia- but it is *iab*e for tort under t#e "rovisions of 'rtic*e 2156 of t#e Civi* Code on uasi>de*icts: F#oever by act or omission causes damage to anot#er- t#ere being fau*t or neg*igence- is ob*iged to "ay for t#e damage done, Suc# fau*t or neg*igence- if t#ere is no "re>e8isting "re>e8isting contractua* re*ation bet?een t#e "arties- is ca**ed a uasi>de*ict and is governed by t#e "rovisions of t#is C#a"ter, T#is Court #as "revious*y #e*d t#at a tort may arise des"ite t#e absence of a contractua* re*ations#i", T#e act t#at brea%s t#e contract may be a*so a tort, n Hne- a *iabi*ity for tort may arise even under a contract- ?#ere tort is t#at ?#ic# breac#es t#e contract, n connection- 'rt 210 "rovides t#at em"*oyers s#a** be *iab*e for t#e damages caused by t#eir em"*oyees and #ouse#o*d #e*"ers acting ?it#in t#e sco"e of t#eir assigned tas%s- even t#oug# t#e former are not engaged in any business or industry, industry, t is not dis"ut dis"uted ed t#at t#at t#e subGec subGectt cargo cargo ?as *ost ?#i*e ?#i*e in t#e custod custody y of Loadma Loadmaste sters rs ?#ose ?#ose em"*oyees Atruc% driver and #e*"erB ?ere instrumenta* in t#e #iGac%ing or robbery of t#e s#i"ment, 's em"*oyer- Loadmasters s#ou*d be made ans?erab*e for t#e damages caused by its em"*oyees ?#o acted ?it#in t#e sco"e of t#eir assigned tas% of de*ivering t#e goods safe*y to t#e ?are#ouse, Eac# ?rongdoer is *iab*e for t#e tota* damage suIered by $K) nsurance, F#ere t#ere are severa* causes for t#e resu*ting damages- a "arty is not re*ieved from *iabi*ityeven "artia**y, t is sucient t#at t#e neg*igence of a "arty is an ecient cause ?it#out ?#ic# ?#ic# t#e damage damage ?ou*d ?ou*d not #ave resu* resu*ted ted,, t is no defens defense e to one of t#e concurr concurrent ent tortfeasors t#at t#e damage ?ou*d not #ave resu*ted from #is neg*igence a*one- ?it#out t#e neg*igence or ?rongfu* acts of t#e ot#er concurrent tortfeasor, T#ere is no no contribution bet?een bet?een Goint tortfeasors ?#ose *iabi*ity *iabi*ity is so*idary so*idary since bot# of t#em are *iab*e for t#e tota* damage, F#ere t#e concurrent or successive neg*igent acts or omissions of t?o or more "ersons- a*t#oug# acting inde"endent*y- are in combination t#e direct and "ro8imate cause of a sing*e inGury to a t#ird "erson- it is im"ossib*e to determine in ?#at "ro"ortion "ro"ortion eac# contributed contributed to t#e inGury and eit#er of t#em is res"onsib*e for t#e ?#o*e inGury, inGury, F#ere t#eir concurring neg*igence neg*igence resu*ted in inGury or damage to a t#ird "arty-

/1 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages t#ey become Goint tortfeasors and are so*idari*y *iab*e for t#e resu*ting damage under 'rtic*e 217 of t#e Civi* Code,

ERMELINDA C. MANALOTO% AURORA J. CI0RA% 0LORDELI:A 0LORDELI:A J. ARCILLA% LOURDES J. CATALAN% ETHELINDA J. HOLT% 3IEN7ENIDO R. JONGCO% ARTEMIO R. JONGCO% JR. an- JOEL JONGCO v. ISMAEL 7ELOSO III G.R. No. 1#1!' Otobe) % &"1"% Leona)-o
0ats Mana*oto et a*, H*ed an un*a?fu* detainer case against e*oso before t#e MeTC for fai*ure to "ay renta*s, T#e MeTC decided in favor of Mana*oto, T#e $TC ;C )ranc# #o?ever- reversed t#e decision, C' and SC subseuent*y armed t#e $TC decision, F#i*e e*osos a""ea* for t#e un*a?fu* detainer case ?as "ending before $TC $TC )ranc# - #e H*ed a Com"*aint for )reac# of Contract ?it# Damages against Mana*oto et a*, T#e Hrst cause of action ?as an action for damages because of #is embarrassment and #umi*iation ?#en Mana*oto et a* distributed co"ies of t#e MeTC decision to t#e #omeo?ners of
Iss/e F#et#er or not e*oso #ad a cause of action for damages

R/l,n2 YES- e*oso #ad a cause of action for damages, T#e $TC s#ou*d not #ave dismissed t#e case, +irst- res"ondent H*ed t#e com"*aint to "rotect #is good c#aracter- name- and re"utation, Every man #as a rig#t to bui*d- %ee"- and be favored ?it# a good name, T#is rig#t is "rotected by *a? ?it# t#e recognition of s*ander and *ibe* as actionab*e ?rongs?#et#er as crimina* oIenses or tortuous conduct, Second- "etitioners are ob*iged to res"ect res"ondentOs good name even t#oug# t#ey are o""osing "arties in t#e un*a?fu* detainer case, 's 'rtic*e 17 of t#e Civi* Code reuires- eVvery "erson must- in t#e e8ercise of #is rig#ts and in t#e "erformance of #is duties- act ?it# Gustice- give everyone #is due- and observe #onesty and good fait#, ' vio*ation of suc# "rinci"*e constitutes an abuse of rig#tsa tortuo tortuous us conduc conduct, t, 4etit 4etition ioners ers are a*so a*so e8"ec e8"ected ted to res"e res"ect ct res"o res"onde ndentO ntOs s digni dignityty"ersona*ity- "rivacy and "eace of mind under 'rtic*e 26 of t#e Civi* Code- ?#ic# "rovides: 'rt, 26, Every "erson s#a** res"ect t#e dignity- "ersona*ity- "rivacy and "eace of mind of #is neig#bors and ot#er "ersons, T#e fo**o?ing and simi*ar acts- t#oug# t#ey may not constitute a crimina* oIense- s#a** "roduce a cause of action for damages- "revention and ot#er re*ief: A1B 4rying into t#e "rivacy of anot#erOs residenceP residenceP A2B Medd*ing ?it# or disturbing t#e "rivate *ife or fami*y re*ations of anot#erP A/B ntriguing to cause anot#er to be a*ienated from #is friendsP AB e8ing or #umi*iating anot#er on account of #is re*igious be*iefs- *o?*y station in *ife- "*ace of birt#- "#ysica* defect- or ot#er "ersona* condition, 'nd t#ird- res"ondent a**eged t#at t#e distribution by "etitioners to
/2 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages decision in t#e un*a?fu* detainer case- ?#ic# ?as adverse to res"ondent and sti** on a""ea* before before t#e $TC>) $TC>)ranc# ranc# - #ad no a""arent a""arent *a?fu* or Gust "ur"ose e8ce"t e8ce"t to #umi*iate #umi*iate res"ondent or assau*t #is c#aracter, 's a resu*t- res"ondent suIered damages > becoming t#e ta*% of t#e to?n and being de"rived of #is "o*itica* career, career, 1a++hi1 (evert#e*ess- t#e SC furt#er dec*ared t#at t#e Court of '""ea*s erred in a*ready a?arding mora* and e8em"*ary damages in res"ondentOs favor ?#en t#e "arties #ave not yet #ad t#e c#ance to "resent any evidence before t#e $TC>)ranc# 225, n civi* cases- #e ?#o a**eges a fact #as t#e burden of "roving it by a "re"onderance of evidence, t is incumbent u"on t#e "arty c*aiming armative re*ief from t#e court to convincing*y "rove its c*aim, )are a**egations- unsubstantiated by evidence are not euiva*ent to "roof under our $u*es, n s#ort- mere a**egations are not evidence, 't t#is "oint- t#e Hnding of t#e Court of '""ea*s of bad fait# and ma*ice on t#e "art of "etitioners #as no factua* basis,

TITUS 3. 7ILLANUE7A v. EMMA M. ROS?UETA G.R. No. 1$"#6% Jan/a)5 1*% &"1"% A3AD% J. A ar%?" r'$"al r'$"al %o a*i# * a co$r% or#r n-oinin! n-oinin! hi( 'ro( #oin! an an ac%, o%hri" o%hri" la'$l, con"%i%$%" an a*$" an# an $nla'$l rci" o' ri!h%

0ats $osueta ?as former*y De"uty Commissioner of t#e )ureau of Customs tendered #er resignation but Hve mont#s *ater- s#e ?it#dre? #er resignation c*aiming t#at s#e enGoyed security of tenure and s#e #ad resigned against #er ?i** on orders of #er su"erior, 4resident 'rroyo t#en a""ointed a*era a*era to #er "osition, $osueta t#en H*ed "etition for "ro#ibition- uo ?arranto- and inGunction against i**anueva and a*era ?it# t#e $TC, t t#en issued a T$9 enGoining a*eras a""ointment, $TC t#en issued "re*iminary inGunction in t#e uo ?arranto case against i**anueva, During t#e )ureaus ce*ebration of its centennia* anniversary- a s"ecia* magaine edition ?as issued featuring a** customs de"uty commissioners e8ce"t $osueta, S#e t#en H*ed damages in t#e $TC against i**anueva but it ?as denied due to *ac% of cause of action, t ?as t#en e*evated to t#e C' ?#ic# reversed t#e decision of $TC on t#e ground of abuse of rig#t under 'rtic*e 17 of t#e CC

Iss/e F#et#er or not i**anueva i**anueva s#a** be *iab*e for damages due to abuse of rig#ts

R/l,n2 YES. Under t#e abuse of rig#t "rinci"*e found in 'rtic*e 17 of t#e Civi* Code- a "erson must- in t#e e8ercise of #is *ega* rig#t or duty- act in good fait#,
// = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages i**anueva ignored t#e inGunction s#o?s bad fait# and intent to s"ite $osueta ?#o remained in t#e eyes of t#e *a? t#e De"uty Commissioner,
REPU3LIC O0 THE PHILIPPINES% )e9)esente- b5 t+e DEPARTME DEPARTMENT NT O0 PU3LIC OR;S AND HIGHAYS% COMMISSION ON AUDIT an- THE NATIONAL TREASURER v. CARLITO LACAP% LACAP% -o,n2 b/s,ness /n-e) t+e na(e an- st5le CARIN CONSTRUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY% G.R. No. 1'$&'!% Ma)+ &% &""#% AUSTRIA
0ats Car?in Construction ?as a?arded for t#e construction of Sitio 3 )a#at 4are,
Iss/e F#et F#et#e #err or not not a cont contra ract ctor or ?it# ?it# an e8"i e8"ire red d *ice *icens nse e is enti entit* t*ed ed to be "aid "aid for for com"*eted "roGect,

R/l,n2 YES. Section /3 of $,', (o, 366 e8"*icit*y "rovides t#at any contractor ?#o- for a "rice"rice- commiss commission ion-- fee or ?age?age- submit submits s or attem" attem"ts ts to submit submit a bid to constr construct uct-- or contracts to or underta%es to construct- or assumes c#arge in a su"ervisory ca"acity of a construction ?or% ?it#in t#e "urvie? of t#is 'ct- ?it#out Hrst securing a *icense to engage in t#e business of contracting in t#is countryP or ?#o s#a** "resent or H*e t#e *icense certiHcate of anot#er- give fa*se evidence of any %ind to t#e )oard- or any member t#ereof in obtaining a certiHcate or *icense- im"ersonate anot#er- or use an e8"ired or revo%ed certiHcate or *icense- s#a** be deemed gui*ty of misdemeanor- and s#a**- u"on conviction- be sentenced to "ay a Hne of not *ess t#an Hve #undred "esos but not more t#an Hve t#ousand "esos, T#e ?ordings of $,', $,', (o, 366 are c*ear, c*ear, t does not dec*aredec*are- e8"ress*y e8"ress*y or im"*ied*yim"*ied*y- as void contracts entered into by a contractor ?#ose *icense #ad a*ready e8"ired, (onet#e*ess(onet#e*esssuc# contractor is *iab*e for "ayment of t#e Hne "rescribed t#erein, T#us- res"ondent res"ondent s#ou*d be "aid for t#e "roGects #e com"*eted, Suc# "ayment- #o?ever- is ?it#out "reGudice to t#e "ayment of t#e Hne "rescribed under t#e *a?,

/ = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages )esides)esides- 'rtic*e 'rtic*e 22 of t#e Civi* Civi* Code ?#ic# ?#ic# embodies t#e ma8im N(o  al%ri$" inco((o# #*% lc$l%ari Ano man oug#t to be made ric# out of anot#ers inGuryB states t#at QEvery "erson ?#o t#roug# an act of "erformance by anot#er- or any ot#er meansacuires or comes into "ossession of somet#ing at t#e e8"ense of t#e *atter ?it#out Gust or *ega* ground- s#a** return t#e same to #im,R T#is artic*e is "art of t#e c#a"ter of t#e Civi* Code Code on
ELPIDIO S. UY% -o,n2 b/s,ness /n-e) t+e na(e an- st5le EDISON DE7ELOPMENT 8 CONSTRUCTION% v. PU3LIC ESTATES AUTHORITY an- t+e HONORA3LE COURT O0 APPEALS% G.R. Nos. 16#*&'<&% J/ne $% &""*% NACHURA% J. Princil o' $n-$"% nrich(n% canno% * +ali#l in+o&# * %h r"on#n% ho, %hro$!h hi" on ac% or o(i""ion, %oo& %h ri"& o' *in! #ni# a(n% 'or a##i%ional co"%" * no% !i+in! %h %i%ionr" rior no%ic o' "$ch co"%" an#or * no% "c$rin! %hir ri%%n con"n% %hr%o, a" r$ir# * la an# %hir con%rac%

0ats 4ub*ic 4ub*ic Estates 'ut#ority A4E'B ?as designate designated d as "roGect "roGect manager by t#e )ases Conversio Conversion n Deve*o"me Deve*o"ment nt 'ut#ority 'ut#ority A)CD'B A)CD'B-- "rimari*y "rimari*y tas%ed tas%ed to deve*o" deve*o" its 103>#ectar 103>#ectare e demi*itaried *ot in +ort )onifacio- Taguig Taguig City into a Hrst>c*ass memoria* "ar% to be %no?n as
Iss/e F#et#er or not Uy s#a** be "aid for generator sets invo%ing t#e "rinci"*e of unGust enric#ment as damages,

R/l,n2 NO. NO.
Torts Torts and Damages enric# enric#men mentt cannot cannot be va*id* va*id*y y invo% invo%ed ed by t#e res"o res"onde ndent nt ?#o?#o- t#roug t#roug# # #is o?n act or omission- too% t#e ris% of being denied "ayment for additiona* costs by not giving t#e "etitioners "rior notice of suc# costs andor by not securing t#eir ?ritten consent t#ereto- as reui reuire red d by *a? and t#eir t#eir contra contract, ct, Uy cannot cannot-- t#ere t#erefor foree- c*aim c*aim from from 4E' 4E' t#e costs of generator e8"enses, e8"enses,

REPU3LIC O0 THE PHILIPPINES THROUGH THE DEPARTMENT O0 PU3LIC OR;S AND HIGHAYS% v. COURT O0 APPEALS an- ROSARIO RODRIGUE: REYES G.R. No. 1"!#*% A/2/st 16% &""*% CARPIO% J. A%%orn?" '" (a * aar## * a co$r% i' on ho clai(" i% i" co(ll# %o li%i!a% i%h %hir# r"on" or %o inc$r n"" %o ro%c% on?" in%r"% * ra"on o' an $n-$"%i;# ac% or o(i""ion on %h ar% o' %h ar% 'ro( ho( i% i" "o$!h%

0ats D4F< reuested its "ermission to enter a "ortion of $eyes *ot consisting of 66/ suare meters and construct t#e e8tension of 9smea Street $oad,
Iss/e F#et#er or not 'ttorneys 'ttorneys fees s#a** be a?arded in favor of $eyes,

R/l,n2 YES- 'rtic*e 220A2B of t#e (e? Civi* Code "rovides t#at attorneys fees may be a?arded: A2B F#en t#e defendants act or omission #as com"e**ed t#e "*aintiI to *itigate ?it# t#ird "ersons or to incur e8"enses to "rotect #is interest, 'ttorneys 'ttorneys fees may be a?arded by a court if one ?#o c*aims it is com"e**ed to *itigate ?it# t#ird "ersons or to incur e8"enses to "rotect ones interest by reason of an unGustiHed act or omission on t#e "art of t#e "arty from ?#om it is soug#t, n t#is case- D4F< too% "ossession of $eyes rea* "ro"erty ?it#out initiatin initiating g e8"ro"ri e8"ro"riation ation "roceedings "roceedings-- and over t#e *atters *atters obGection obGection,, 's a resu*tresu*t- "rivate res"ondent ?as com"e**ed to *itigate and incur e8"enses to "rotect #er interests over #er "ro"erty, T#us- t#e a""e**ate courts a?ard of attorneys fees is "ro"er, :ENAIDA R. GREGORIO v. COURT COURT O0 APPEALS% SANSIO PHILIPPINES% INC.% anEMMA J. DATUIN G.R. No. 1#*#**% Se9te(be) 11% &""*% NACHURA% J. )n an ac%ion %o rco+r #a(a!" 'or (alicio$" ro"c$%ion, i% ($"% * all!# an# "%a*li"h# "%a*li"h# %ha% %i%ionr a" i(ll# * l!al (alic or *a# 'ai%h in #li*ra%l #li*ra%l ini%ia%in! an ac%io ac%ion n a!ain" a!ain"%% r"on r"on#n #n%, %, &noin &noin! ! %ha% %ha% %h char! char!" " r r 'al" 'al" an# an# !ro$n# !ro$n#l l"", "", in%n#in! %o + an# h$(ilia% hr.

0ats !regorio ?as c#arged ?it# vio*ation of )4 22, S#e contended t#at t#e same ?as base*ess and t#at s#e does not even o?n a c#ec%boo% to begin ?it#, S#e ?as t#en acuitted ?it# t#e oIense and *ater on H*ed a civi* case against Sansio ?#o H*ed t#e crimina* case

/6 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages against #er, t ?as t#en o""osed by Sansio on t#e ground of ma*icious "rosecution by t#e $TC did not grant suc#, C' t#en armed t#e decision of $TC,

Iss/e F#et#er or not t#e c#arge against Sansio is based on ma*icious "rosecution "rosecution

R/l,n2 NO. ' "erusa* of t#e a**egations of !regorios com"*aint for damages readi*y s#o?s t#at s#e H*ed a civi* suit against Sansio and Datuin for H*ing against #er crimina* c#arges for vio*ation of ),4, )*g, 22P t#at res"ondents did not e8ercise di*igent eIorts to ascertain t#e true identity of t#e "erson ?#o de*ivered to t#em insucient*y funded c#ec%s as "ayment for t#e various a""*iances "urc#asedP and t#at res"ondents never gave #er t#e o""ortunity to controvert t#e c#arges against #er- because t#ey stated an incorrect address in t#e crimina* com"*aint, !regorio c*aimed damages for t#e embarrassment and #umi*iation s#e suIered ?#en s#e ?as sudden*y arrested at #er city residence in ;ueon City ?#i*e visiting #er fami*y, S#e ?as- at t#e time of #er arrest- a res"ected Naga?ad in 9as- '*bay, !regorio anc#ored #er civi* com"*aint on 'rtic*es 26- 2156- and 210 of t#e Civi* Code, (oticeab*ydes"ite a**eging eit#er fau*t or neg*igence on t#e "art of Sansio and Datuin- !regorio never im"uted to t#em any bad fait# in #er com"*aint, )asic is t#e *ega* "rinci"*e t#at t#e nature of an action is determined by t#e materia* averments averments in t#e com"*aint and t#e c#aracter of t#e re*ief soug#t, Undeniab*yUndeniab*y- !regorios !regorios civi* com"*aint- read in its entirety- is a com"*aint based on uasi>de*ict under 'rtic*e 2156in re*ation to 'rtic*e 26 of t#e Civi* Code- rat#er t#an on ma*icious "rosecution, Sansio and Datuin Datuin are are in erro errorr ?#en ?#en t#ey t#ey insist insist t#at !rego !regorio rios s com"*a com"*aint int is based based on ma*ici ma*icious ous "rosecution, n an action to recover damages for ma*icious "rosecution- it must be a**eged and estab*is estab*is#ed #ed t#at Sansio Sansio and Datuin Datuin ?ere im"e**e im"e**ed d by *ega* *ega* ma*ice ma*ice or bad fait# in de*iberate*y initiating an action against !regorio- %no?ing t#at t#e c#arges ?ere fa*se and ground*ess- intending to ve8 and #umi*iate #er, F#ic# is absent in t#is case

LIAYA LIAYAY Y 7IN:ONS
0ats +ortune Tobacco Cor"oration is an entity engaged in t#e manufacture of diIerent brands of cigarettes- among ?#ic# are C#am"ion- 3Y, 7/ /5>7/ rec*a rec*assi ssify fying ing C#am"i C#am"ionon- 7/ is defective- inva*id- and unenforceab*e, T#is ru*ing ?as armed by t#e C' and Hna**y by t#e SC,

/5 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages +ortune Tobacco t#en H*ed before t#e $TC a com"*aint for damages against "etitioner C#ato in #er "rivate ca"acity, t contends t#at t#e *atter s#ou*d be #e*d *iab*e for damages under 'rtic*e /2 of t#e Civi* Code considering t#at t#e issuance of $MC /5>7/ vio*ated its constitutiona* rig#t against de"rivation of "ro"erty ?it#out due "rocess of *a? and t#e rig#t to eua* "rotection of t#e *a?s, 4etitioner C#ato H*ed a motion to dismiss- arguing t#at t#ere is *ac% of cause of action on t#e ground t#at t#e com"*aint of +ortune Tobacco fai*ed to a**ege ma*ice in t#e issuance of suc# $MC, T#e $TC $TC and t#e C' denied t#e motion to dismiss H*ed by C#ato,
Iss/e F#et F#et#e #err or not not t#e t#e cour courtt err erred in deny denyin ing g t#e t#e moti motion on to dism dismis iss s H*ed H*ed by C# C#at atoonot?it#standing t#e fai*ure of t#e com"*aint of +ortune Tobacco to a**ege t#e e8istence of ma*ice,

R/l,n2 NO. T#e genera* ru*e is t#at a "ub*ic ocer is not *iab*e for damages ?#ic# a "erson may suIer arising from t#e Gust "erformance of #is ocia* duties and ?it#in t#e sco"e of #is assigned tas%s,
DREAMOR; CONSTRUCTION% INC. v. CLEO0E S. JANIOLA an- HON. ARTHUR A. 0AMINI G.R. No. 1$6$1% J/ne !"% &""*% 7ELASCO% JR.% J. No rr-$# $#ic icia iall $" $"%i %ion on i" i"% %# # in+o in+ol+ l+in in! ! a ci+i ci+ill ac%i ac%ion on 'or 'or "c "ci; i;c c r' r'or or(a (anc nc, , o+ra(n%, an# #a(a!", #a(a!", an# a cri(inal co(lain% co(lain% 'or P 22, a" %h r"ol$%ion o' %h ci+il ac%ion o$l# no% #%r(in %h !$il% or innocnc o' %h acc$"# in %h cri(inal ca".

0ats: 4ursuant to t#e com"*aint H*ed by Dream?or% Construction- a crimina* information ?as H*ed against "rivate res"ondent C*eofe &anio*a for vio*ation of )4 22,
/ = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages Iss/e: F#et#er or not t#e court is correct in granting t#e Motion to Sus"end 4roceedings, 4roceedings,

R/l,n2: NO. 3o pre>ud pre>udici icial al 'uesti 'uestion on e&iste e&isted d involv involving ing a civil civil action action for speci( speci(c c perforance, overpayent, and daages, and a criinal coplaint for @% 22, as the resolution of the civil action would not deterine the guilt or innocence of the accused in the criinal case.

T#e fact t#at t#ere e8ists a va*id contract or agreement to su""ort t#e issuance of t#e c#ec%s or t#at t#e c#ec%s ?ere issued for va*uab*e consideration does not ma%e u" t#e e*ements of t#e crime, /h$", %h a!r(n% "$rro$n#in! %h i""$anc o' #i"honor# chc&" i" irrl+an% %o %h ro"c$%ion 'or +iola%ion o' P 22. )% ($"% * (ha"i# %ha% %h !ra+a(n o' %h on" char! i" %h i""$anc o' a *a# chc&. he purpose for which the chec9 was issued, the ters and conditions relating to its issuance, or any agree agreeent ent surrou surroundi nding ng such such issuan issuance ce are irrelev irrelevant ant to the prosec prosecuti ution on and ),4, 22 is to ma%e t#e mere conviction of petitioner. T#e c*ear intention of t#e framers of ),4, act of issuing a ?ort#*ess c#ec% ma*um "ro#ibitum, T#us- no "reGudicia* uestion e8ists and t#e ru*es on it are ina""*icab*e to t#e case before us,

7INCENT PAUL PAUL G. MERCADO a..a. 7INCENT G. MERCADO v. v. CONSUELO TAN G.R. No. 1!#11"% A/2/st 1% &"""% PANGANI3AN% J. A r"on canno% clai( #a(a!" hr "h a" '$ll con"cio$" o' %h con"$nc" o' hr ac%. )n %hi" ca", %h Co$r% r$l# %ha% Con"$lo /an, in con%rac%in! a (arria! i%h a (arri# (an, "ho$l# ha+ &non %ha% "h o$l# "$r h$(ilia%ion in %h +n% %h %r$%h o$l# co( o$%. /hr'or, i' %hr ar in## #a(a!" ca$"# %o hr r$%a%ion, %h ar o' hr on ill'$l (a&in!.

0ats T#is case invo*ves t#e t?o marriages contracted by Dr, Dr, incent Mercado, Mercado, Dr, Dr, Mercado ?as Hrst married ?it# Ma, T#e*ma 9*iva- to ?#om #e #as t?o c#i*dren,
Iss/e F#et#er or not Consue*o Tan can c*aim damages,

R/l,n2

/7 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages NO.
ILSON PO CHAM v. ATTY. EDIL3ERTO D. PI:ARRO A.C. No. '6**% A/2/st 1% &""'% CARPIO MORALES% J. )n a #i"*ar(n% roc#in!, i% i" i((a%rial %ha% %h co(lainan% i" no% *la(l"" or i" in ari #lic%o a" %hi" i" no% a roc#in! %o !ran% rli' %o %h co(lainan%, *$% on %o $r! %h la ro'""ion o' $nor%h ((*r" %o ro%c% %h $*lic an# %h co$r%".

0ats T#is is an administrative com"*aint for disbarment H*ed by Fi*son 4o C#am against 'tty, 'tty, Edi*berto D, 4iarro 4iarro for commission of fa*se#ood and misre"resentations misre"resentations in vio*ation of a *a?yers oat#, T#is is in connection ?it# t#e sa*e of a "arce* of *and made by 'tty, 4iarro?#ere #e categorica**y re"resented to 4o C#am t#at t#e "ro"erty being oIered for sa*e ?as a*iena a*ienab*e b*e and dis"os dis"osab* ab*e, e, o?n rig#ts over t#e "ro"erty or #aving re"resented t#at it ?as a*ienab*e and dis"osab*e,
Iss/e F#et#er or not 'tty, 4iarro is gui*ty of vio*ating t#e *a?yers oat#,

R/l,n2 T#e )ar is enGoined to maintain a #ig# standard of not on*y *ega* "roHciency but of #onesty and fair dea*ing, T#us- a member s#ou*d refrain from doing any act ?#ic# mig#t *essen in any degree t#e conHdence and trust re"osed by t#e "ub*ic in t#e Hde*ity- #onesty and integrity of t#e *ega* "rofession, T#e misconduct of a *a?yer- ?#et#er in #is "rofessiona* or "rivate ca"acity- ?#ic# s#o?s #im to be ?anting in mora* c#aracter- #onesty- "robity and good demeanor to t#us render #im un?ort#y of t#e "rivi*eges ?#ic# #is *icense and t#e *a? confer u"on #im- may be sanctioned ?it# disbarment or sus"ension, e8istent irrevocab*e rig#ts- interest and "artici"ation over an ina*ienab*e "ro"erty, '*t#oug#- 4o C#am is not entire*y b*ame*ess due to t#e fact t#at #e fai*ed to e8ercise "ruden "rudence ce befor before e enteri entering ng into into t#e transa transacti ction on ?it# ?it# res"o res"onde ndent, nt, (evert (evert#e* #e*ess ess , in a disbarent proceeding, it is iaterial that the coplainant is not blaeless or is in pari delicto as this is not a proceeding to grant relief to the coplainant, but one to purge the law profession of unworthy ebers to protect the public and the courts.

0 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages AC ENTERPRISES% INC. v . 0RA3ELLE PROPERTIES CORP. G.R.1#66. NO7EM3ER NO7EM3ER &% &""% LA3ITORIA% J. h%hr or no% %h noi" i" a n$i"anc i" an i""$ %o * r"ol+# * %h co$r%".

0ats 'C Enter"rises- is a cor"oration t#at o?ns a 10>storey bui*ding in Ma%ati City, 9n t#e ot#er #and- +rabe**e- is a condominium cor"oration deve*o"ing a condominium ?#ic# is *oca *ocate ted d be#i be#ind nd 'C ente enter" r"ri rise ses, s, +rabe rabe** **e e H*ed H*ed a com" com"*a *ain intt befo before re t#e t#e Sang Sanggu guni nian ang g 4ang*ungsod of t#e noise emanating from t#e b*o?er of t#e air>conditioning units of 'C enter"rises and t#e Sanggunian dec*ared t#at t#e noise is a nuisance "er se, 'C enter"rises countered t#at a*t#oug# under t#e Loca* !overnment Code- t#e Sanggunian is em"o?ered to enact ordinances dec*aring- "reventing or abating noise and ot#er forms of nuisance- it bears stressing- #o?ever#o?ever- t#at t#e Sangguniang )ayan cannot dec*are a "articu*ar t#ing as a nuisance "er se and order its condemnation, t furt#er ru*ed t#at t#ose t#ings must be determined and reso*ved in t#e ordinary courts of *a?,

Iss/e F#et#er t#e nuisance is to be reso*ved on*y by t#e courts in t#e due course of "roceedings or a nuisance r "Z

R/l,n2 t is a nuisance to be reso*ved on*y by t#e courts in t#e due course of "roceedings . Noi" *co( *co(" " ac%io ac%iona* na*l l onl onl hn hn i% a"" a""" " %h li(i%" li(i%" o' ra" ra"ona ona*l *l a#-$"% a#-$"%(n (n%% %o %h con#i%ion" o' %h locali% an# o' %h n#" o' %h (a&r %o %h n#" o' %h li"%nr. li"%nr. nGury to a "articu*ar "erson in a "ecu*iar "osition or of es"ecia**y sensitive c#aracteristics ?i** not render t#e #ouse an actionab*e nuisance in t#e conditions- of "resent *iving- noise seems inse"arab*e from t#e conduct of many necessary occu"ations, T#e test is ?#et#er rig#ts of "ro"erty- of #ea*t# or of comfort are so inGurious*y aIected by t#e noise in uestion t#at t#e suIer suIerer er is subGec subGected ted to a *oss *oss i,e, i,e, 'ctua 'ctua** 4#ysi 4#ysica* ca* Disco Discomfo mfortV rtV?# ?#ic# ic# goes goes beyond beyond t#e reasonab*e *imit im"osed u"on #im by t#e condition of *iving- or of #o*ding "ro"erty- in a "articu*ar *oca*ity in fact devoted to uses ?#ic# invo*ve t#e emission of noise a*t#oug# ordinary care is ta%en to conHne it ?it#in reasonab*e boundsP or in t#e vicinity of "ro"erty of anot#er o?ner ?#o- t#oug# creating a noise- is acting ?it# reasonab*e regard for t#e rig#ts of t#ose aIected by it,

CITY O0 MANILA% HON. AL0REDO S. LIM as t+e Ma5o) of t+e C,t5 of Man,la% HON. JOSELITO L. ATIEN:A% ATIEN:A% ,n +,s a9a,t5 as 7,e
0ats Ma*ate Ma*ate Tourist ourist Deve*o Deve*o"me "ment nt Cor"or Cor"orati ation on AMTDCB AMTDCB-- a cor"or cor"orati ation on engage engaged d in t#e busine business ss of o"erat o"erating ing #ote*s #ote*s-- mote*s mote*s-- #oste* #oste*s s and *odgin *odging g #ouse #ousess- H*ed H*ed a 4etitio etition n for

1 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages Dec*ar Dec*arato atory ry $e*ief e*ief ?it# ?it# 4raye 4rayerr for a Frit of 4re*i 4re*imin minary ary nGunc nGunctio tion n andor andor Tem"ora em"orary ry $estraining 9rder ?it# t#e *o?er court im"*eading City of Mani*a- Ma*ate area insofar as it inc*udes mote*s and inns as among its "ro#ibited estab*is#ments be dec*ared inva*id and unconstitutiona*, MTDC contend t#at t#ey did not use ?omen as too*s for entertainmentand neit#er did t#ey disturb t#e community nor adverse*y aIect t#e socia* and mora* ?e*fare of t#e community, +urt#er- MTDC maintains t#at t#e City Counci* #as no "o?er to Hnd as a fact t#at a "articu*ar t#ing is a nuisance r " nor does it #ave t#e "o?er to e8traGudicia**y destroy it,

Iss/e F#et#er or not business of mote*s and inns are nuisance "er se ?#ic# ?ou*d a**o? t#e City Counci* to "ro#ibit t#ese estab*is#ments, estab*is#ments,

R/l,n2 NO. City Counci* cannot see% cover under t#e genera* ?e*fare c*ause aut#oriing t#e abatement of nuisances ?it#out Gudicia* "roceedings, T#at tenet a""*ies to a nuisance r one ?#ic ?#ic# # aIec aIects ts t#e t#e imme immedi diat ate e safe safety ty of "ers "erson ons s and and "ro" "ro"er erty ty and and may may be "- or one summari*y abated under t#e undeHned *a? of necessity, t cannot be said t#at mote*s are inGurious to t#e rig#ts of "ro"erty- #ea*t# or comfort of t#e community, t is a *egitimate business, f it be a nuisance r acci#n" it may be so "roven in a #earing conducted for t#at "ur"ose,

SMART COMMUNICATIONS% INC.% v, REGINA M. ASTORGA% G.R. No. 16$1!&% Jan/a)5 &$% &""$ - NACHURA% J. )' %h #i"(i""al i" *a"# on an a$%hori# ca$" $n#r Ar%icl 283 *$% %h (lor 'ail# %o co(l i%h %h no%ic r$ir(n%, %h "anc%ion "ho$l# * "%ir *ca$" %h #i"(i""al roc"" a" ini%ia%# * %h (lor?" rci" o' hi" (ana!(n% rro!a%i+.

0ats $egin egina a M, 'sto 'storg rga a ?as ?as em"* em"*oy oyed ed by res"o es"ond nden entt Smar Smartt Comm Commun unic icat atio ions ns-ncor" ncor"ora orated ted as Distri District ct Sa*es Sa*es Manage Managerr of t#e Cor"or Cor"orate ate Sa*es Sa*es Mar%e Mar%etin ting g !rou" !rou" +i8ed i8ed Services Services Division, Division, T#ereaft T#ereafterer- SM'$T SM'$T *aunc#ed *aunc#ed an organiati organiationa* ona* rea*ignm rea*ignment ent to ac#ieve ac#ieve more ecient ecient o"eration o"erations s and abo*is#ed abo*is#ed t#e CSM!+SD CSM!+SD-- 'storgas 'storgas division division on ground ground of redundancy, T#e termination of 'storgas em"*oyment "rom"ted #er to H*e a Com"*aint for i**ega* i**ega* dismissa*dismissa*- non>"ayment non>"ayment of sa*aries sa*aries and ot#er beneHts beneHts ?it# "rayer for mora* and e8em"* e8em"*ary ary damages against SM'$T SM'$T for it vio*ated #er rig#t to security security of tenure, tenure, SM'$T SM'$T res"onded t#at 'storga ?as dismissed by reason of redundancy- ?#ic# is an aut#oried caus cause e for for term termin inat atio ion n of em"* em"*oy oyme ment nt-- and and t#e t#e dism dismis issa sa** ?as ?as va*i va*id d and and eIec eIecte ted d in accordance ?it# t#e reuirements of t#e Labor Code, Labor 'rbiter ru*ed in favor of 'storga and ordered to reinstate t#e *atter ?it# "ayment of fu** bac%?ages- mora* and e8em"*ary damages and attorneys fees, mont# mandatory notice,

Iss/e

2 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages F#et#er or not 'storga is entit*ed to indemnity for t#e vio*ation of #er statutory rig#t to due "rocess,

R/l,n2 YES. T#e indemnity indemnity of 430-000,0 430-000,00 0 is a sanction sanction on SM'$T SM'$T for non>com"*ianc non>com"*iance e ?it# t#e one>mont# mandatory notice reuirement- in *ig#t of t#e ru*ing in Ja&a :oo# Proc""in! Corora%ion +. Paco% - ?#ic# #e*d t#at if t#e dismissa* is based on a Gust cause under 'rtic*e 22 but t#e em"*oyer fai*ed to com"*y ?it# t#e notice reuirement- t#e sanction to be im"o im"ose sed d u"on u"on #im #im s#ou s#ou*d *d be %(r# becaus because e t#e dismis dismissa* sa* "roce "rocess ss ?as?as- in eIect eIect-initia initiated ted by an act im"utab* im"utab*e e to t#e em"*oye em"*oyeee- and if the disissal is based on an authoried cause under Article 280 but the eployer failed to coply with the notice re'uireent, the sanction should be stier because the disissal process was initiated by the eployer6s e&ercise of his anageent prerogative. n t#is case- t#e dismissa* is based on an aut#oried cause so #ig#er indemnity must be a?arded, 's "rovided in 'rtic*e 2/ of t#e Labor Code- 'storga is- *i%e?ise- entit*ed to se"aration "ay euiva*ent to at *east one A1B mont# sa*ary or to at *east one A1B mont#s "ay for every year of service- ?#ic#ever is #ig#er, #ig#er, T#e records s#o? t#at 'storgas *engt# of service is *ess t#an a year, 'storga t#erefore is- a*so entit*ed to se"aration "ay euiva*ent to one A1B mont# "ay,

PEOPLE O0 THE PHILIPPINES% v,ANTONIO A3ES 5 YAM3OT TONY @-eease-% SALDO Y3AE: 5 ACE3ES% RO3ERTO 3ONTO 5 MENDO:A 3ERT% RICARTE 3UMAGAT 5 ORDONA% RAUL Y3AE: 5 ACE3ES an- SIMEON SIL7ANO% JR.% 5 GUTIERRE: JHUN% G.R. No. 1!$*!#% Jan/a)5 &"% &""6 - ?UISUM3ING% J. /o * n%i%l# %o an aar# o' ac%$al #a(a!", i% i" nc""ar %o ro+ %h ac%$al a(o$n% o' %h lo"" i%h a ra"ona*l #!r o' cr%ain%, r(i"# $on co(%n% roo' an# on %h *"% +i#nc o*%aina*l * %h in-$r# ar%, hich $"$all (an" o
0ats 'bes- Jbane - )onto- )umagat- and Si*vano ?ere c#arged ?it# t#e s"ecia* com"*e8 crime of robbery robbery ?it# #omicide for t#e deat# of 'ntonio 'ntonio Ca*aycay, Ca*aycay, 'bes et a*, denied denied t#e a**egation but t#e tria* court disbe*ieved t#e defense- but found t#em gui*ty, Tria* court a*so a?arde a?arded d Civi* Civi* indemn indemnity ity-- 4/20-/ 4/20-/00, 00,00 00 for actua* actua* damage damagess- tem"e tem"erat rate e damage damages s and e8em"*ary damages and attorneys fees, C' armed t#e decision but modiHed t#e amount of actua* damages because of t #e unavai*abi*ity of recei"ts to su""ort t#e c*aim,

Iss/e F#et#er or not t#e modiHcation of a?ard of actua* damages is "ro"er, "ro"er,

R/l,n2 YES. T#e amount of 4/20-/00,00 ?as a?arded by t#e tria* court as actua* damages- ?#ic# inc*ude: t#e #os"ita* bi** from t#e De La Sa**e University Medica* Center for 41-/00,00- t#e

/ = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages funera* service for t#e victim in t#e amount of40-000,00- a memoria* *ot for t#e victim at 410-000,00- and e8"enses for t#e ?a%e in t#e sum of 4-000,00, ured party, which usually eans o
LEONIDES C. DIO% v, v, LINA JARDINES G.R. No. 16'$#1% Jan/a)5 !1% &""% AUSTRIA
Aar# o' ac%$al ac%$al #a(a!" #a(a!" ($"% * #$l "$*"%an%ia%# * rci%". rci%".

0ats

Leonides C, Di@o a**eged in #er com"*aint t#at Lina &ardines e8ecuted in #er favor a Deed of Sa*e ?it# Pac%o # R%ro over a "arce* of *and but t#e transaction actua**y entered into nto by t#e t#e "art "artiies ?as ?as one one of sim" sim"**e *oan *oan and and t#e t#e Deed Deed of Sa* Sa*e ?it# Pac% Pac%o o # e8ecuted ted Gust Gust as a secur security ity for t#e *oan, *oan, T#ere T#ereaft afterer- "etiti "etitione onerr H*ed H*ed an 'mend 'mended ed R%ro e8ecu Com"*aint adding "rayer for mora* and e8em"*ary damages- attorneys fees and e8"enses of *itigation, $TC- among ot#ers- ordered &ardines to "ay actua* andor com"ensatory damages to t#e "*aintiI,
Iss/e F#et#er or not Di@o is entit*ed to actua* andor com"ensatory damages

R/l,n2 NO. n t#e "resent case- t#e $TCs $TCs a?ard for actua* damages is a "*ain error because a reading of said tria* courts Decision readi*y disc*oses t#at t#ere is no sucient evidence on record to "rove t#at Di@o is entit*ed to t#e same, Di@os on*y evidence to "rove #er c*aim for actua* damages is #er testimony testimony t#at s#e #as s"ent s"ent 4/-000,0 4/-000,00 0 in going to and from res"ondents "*ace to try to co**ect "ayment and t#at s#e s"ent 41-000,00 every time s#e trave*s from )u*acan- ?#ere s#e resides- to )aguio in order to attend t#e #earings, n Pol

 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages +". Sara Sara- t#e Court #e*d t#at a witn witnes ess6 s6 testi testio ony ny cann cannot ot be cons consid ider ered ed as copetent proof and cannot replace the probative value of oustify the award of actual daages, for >urisprudence instructs that the sae
3.0. 3.0. METAL @CORPORATION% @ CORPORATION% v, SPS. ROLANDO M. LOMOTAN an- LINA0LOR LOMOTAN an- RICO UMUYON G.R. No. 1#"$1!% A9),l 1% &""$% TINGA% J. Dc% a" ro+i## * la or * "%i$la%ion, on i" n%i%l# %o an a#$a% co(n"a%ion onl 'or "$ch c$niar lo"" "$r# * hi( a" h ha" #$l ro+#.

0ats $ico $ico Umuyon Umuyon ?as drivin driving g t#e o?ner o?ner>ty >ty"e "e Gee" Gee" o?ned o?ned by S"ouse S"ouses s $o*ando o*ando and Linaor Linaor Lomotan Lomotan ?#en sudden*ysudden*y- at t#e o""osite o""osite *ane- t#e s"eeding s"eeding ten>?#ee ten>?#ee*er *er truc% driven by 9nofre $ivera overtoo% a car by invading t#e *ane being traversed by t#e Gee" and rammed into t#e Gee", T#e Gee" ?as a tota* ?rec% ?#i*e Umuyon suIered inGuries ?#ic# entai*ed #is #os"ita*iation for 17 days, '*so in vie? of t#e inGuries #e sustained- Umuyon cou*d no *onger drive- reducing #is dai*y income from4130,00 to 4100,00, T#is "rom"ted #im to institute a se"arate and inde"endent civi* action for damages against "etitioner )+ Meta* Cor"or Cor"orati ation on and $ivera $ivera before before t#e $TC, T#e com"*a com"*aint int "rayed "rayed for t#e a?ard of actua* actua*-e8em"*ary and mora* damages and attorneys fees, T#e tria* court a?arded 4161-500,00 for actua* actua* damagesdamages- 4 100-000,0 100-000,00 0 for mora* damages- 4100-000 4100-000 for e8em"* e8em"*ary ary damagesdamages- and attorn attorney eys s fees, fees,
Iss/es 1, F#et F#et#e #err t#e t#e amou amount nt of actu actua* a* damage damages s base based d on*y on*y on a Gob Gob esti estima mate te s#ou* s#ou*d d be *o?ered, 2, F#et#er F#et#er S"ouses S"ouses Lomotan Lomotan are are a*so entit* entit*ed ed to mora* mora* damagesP damagesP and /, F#et#er F#et#er t#e a?ard a?ard of e8em"* e8em"*ary ary damages damages and attorneys attorneys is is ?arranted, ?arranted,

R/l,n2 1, YES. o >ustify an award of actual daages, there ust be copetent proof of the actual aount of loss. n t#e instant case- no evidence ?as submitted to s#o? t#e amount actua**y s"ent for t#e re"air or re"*acement of t#e ?rec%ed Gee", S"ouses Lomotan "resented t?o diIerent cost estimates to "rove t#e a**eged actua* damage of t#e ?rec%ed ?rec%ed Gee"- a Gob estimate by 4aga?aan Motors- nc,- ?#ic# "egged t#e re"air cost of t#e Gee" at 476-000,00- and anot#er estimated t#e cost of re"air at 41/0-633,00, +o**o?ing +o**o?ing iron - neither estiate is copetent to prove actual Courts cannot cannot sim"*y sim"*y re*y re*y on s"ecu*ati s"ecu*ationon- conGecture conGecture or guess?or% guess?or% in daages, Courts determining t#e fact and amount of damages, 2, NO. An award award of oral oral daage daages s o$l# r$ir, r$ir, a>, +i#nc +i#nc  o' *"(irch *"(irch# # r$%a%ion or h"ical, (n%al or "cholo!ical "$rin! "$"%ain# * %h clai(an%@ *>, a c$la*l ac% or o(i""ion 'ac%$all "%a*li"h#@ c>, roo' %ha% %h ron!'$l ac% or o(i""ion o' %h #'n#an% i" %h roi(a% ca$" o' %h #a(a!" "$"%ain# * %h

3 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages clai(an%@ an# #>, %ha% %h ca" i" r#ica%# on an o' %h in"%anc" r""# or n+i"ion# * Ar%icl 2219 an# Ar%icl 2220 o' %h Ci+il Co#.
/, YES. D( D(l lar ar  or corr corrc c%i %i+ + #a(a #a(a! !" " ar ar i(o i(o" "#, #, * a a o' a( a(l l  or corrc corrc%io %ion n 'or %h $*lic $*lic !oo#, !oo#, in a##i%i a##i%ion on %o (oral (oral,, %(r %(ra% a%, , li$i# li$i#a% a%# # or co(n"a%or #a(a!". n $a"i#lic%"- e8em"*ary damages may be granted if t#e defendant acted ?it# gross neg*igence, 's correct*y "ointed out by t#e Court of '""ea* '""ea*ss- S"ouse S"ouses s Lomota Lomotan n #ave #ave s#o?n s#o?n t#at t#at t#ey t#ey are are entit* entit*ed ed to com"en com"ensat satory ory damages ?#i*e, Umuyon can recover bot# com"ensatory and mora* damages, To serve as an e8am"*e for t#e "ub*ic good- t#e Court arms t#e a?ard of e8em"*ary damage damages s in t#e amount amount of4100of4100-000 000,00 ,00 to Umoyon Umoyon et, a*, )ecau )ecause se e8em" e8em"*ar *ary y damages are a?arded- attorneys fees may a*so be a?arded in consonance ?it# 'rtic*e 220 A1B,

M. H.% RA;ES v, THE ATLANTIC% GUL0 AND PACI0IC COMPANY G.R. No. 1#1*% Jan/a)5 &!% 1*"#- TRACEY% J.

/h %"% i" "i(l. Oi"%inc%ion ($"% * *%n %h acci#n% an# %h in-$r, in-$r, *%n %h +n% i%"l', i%ho$% hich %hr co$l# ha+ *n no acci#n%, an# %ho" ac%" o' %h +ic%i( +ic%i( no% n%r n%rin! in! in%o in%o i%, in# in#n# n#n% n% o' i%, *$% con%ri con%ri*$% *$%in! in! $n#r $n#r r+i r+i  a" a" %h #i"lac(n% #i"lac(n% o' %h cro""ic or %h 'ail$r %o rlac i%.

0ats $a%es- one of a gang of eig#t negro *aborers in t#e em"*oyment of 't*antic !u*f- ?as at ?or% trans"orting iron rai*s from a barge in t#e #arbor to t#e com"anyOs yard, T#e men ?ere eit#er in t#e rear of t#e car or at its sides, Some of t#em ?ere a*so in front- #au*ing by a ro"e, 't a certain s"ot at or near t#e ?aterOs edge t#e trac% sagged- t#e tie bro%e- t#e car eit#er canted or u"set- t#e rai*s s*id oI and caug#t $a%es- brea%ing #is *eg- ?#ic# ?as afte after? r?ar ards ds am"u am"utat tated ed at abou aboutt t#e t#e %nee %nee,, n t?o t?o "arti "articu cu*a *ars rs-- $a% $a%es is c#ar c#arge ged d ?it# ?it# care*essness: +irst, T#at #aving noticed t#e de"ression in t#e trac% #e continued #is ?or%P and Second, T#at #e ?a*%ed on t#e ends of t#e ties at t#e side of t#e car instead of a*ong t#e boards- eit#er before or be#ind it,

Iss/e F#et#er or not $a%es $a%es contributory neg*igence bars #im from recovering,

R/l,n2 6 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages NO, n +ance- the carelessness of the victi did not civilly relieve the person with withou outt whos whose e faul faultt the the acci accide dent nt coul could d not not have have happ happen ened ed,, but but that that the the contributory negligence of the in>ured an had the eect only of reducing the daages. n t#e Cana#ian Pro+inc o' $* - if in t#e case of damage t#ere ?as fau*t or neg* neg*ig igen ence ce on t#e t#e "art "art of t#e t#e "ers "erson on inGu inGurred or in t#e t#e "art "art of some someon one e e*se e*se-- t#e t#e indemn indemniHc iHcati ation on s#a** s#a** be reduc reduced ed in t#e Hrst casecase- and in t#e second second case case it s#a** s#a** be a""ro"riated in "ro"ortion to suc# fau*t or neg*igence as "rovided in "aragra"#s 1 and 2 of section 2/52, 'rtic*e 1/0 of t#e 'ustrian Code- t#e victim ?#o is "art*y c#angeab*e ?it# t#e accident s#a** stand #is damages in "ro"ortion to #is fau*t- but ?#en t#at "ro"ortion is inca"ab*e of ascertainment- #e s#a** s#are t#e *iabi*ity eua**y ?it# t#e "erson "rinci"a**y res"onsib*e, T#e "rinci"*e of "ro"ortiona* damages a""ears to be a*so ado"ted in artic*e 31 of t#e S?iss Code, T#e Court found t#e t#eory of damages *aid do?n in t#e Gudgment t#e most consistent ?it# t#e #istory and t#e "rinci"a*s of our *a? in t#ese s*ands and ?it# its *ogica* deve*o"ment,

Dicu*ty seems to be a""re#ended in deciding ?#ic# acts of t#e inGured "arty s#a** be considered considered immediate immediate causes of t#e accident, accident, /h %"% i" "i(l. Oi"%inc%ion ($"% * *%n %h acci#n% an# %h in-$r, *%n %h +n% i%"l', i%ho$% hich %hr co$l# ha+ *n no acci#n%, an# %ho" ac%" o' %h +ic%i( no% n%rin! in%o i%, in#n#n% o' i%, *$% con%ri*$%in! con%ri*$%in! $n#r r+i r+i a" %h #i"lac(n #i"lac(n%% o' %h cro""ic cro""ic or %h 'ail$r %o rlac i%. T#is "roduced t#e event giving occasion for damages- t#at is- t#e sin%ing of t#e trac% and t#e s*iding of t#e iron rai*s, To To t#is event- t#e act of $a%es in ?a*%ing by t#e side of t#e car did not contribute- a*t#oug# it ?as an e*ement of t#e damage ?#ic# came to #imse*f, #imse*f,
GEORGE MC;EE an- ARACELI ;OH MC;EE v, IAC% JAIME TAYAG an- ROSALINDA MANALO G.R. No. L<$1"&% J/l5 1% 1**&% DA7IDE% J., J.

ast clear chance i" chance i" a #oc%rin in %h la o' %or%" hich "%a%" %ha% %h con%ri*$%or n!li!nc o' %h ar% in-$r# ill no% #'a% %h clai( 'or #a(a!" i' i% i" "hon %ha% %h #'n# #'n#an an%% (i!h%, (i!h%, * %h rc rci" i"  o' ra"on ra"ona*l a*l  car car an# r$#n r$#nc, c, ha+ ha+ a+oi# a+oi## # %h con"$nc" o' %h n!li!nc o' %h in-$r# ar%. )n "$ch ca"", %h r"on ho ha# %h la"% la"% clar clar chanc chanc %o a+oi# a+oi# %h (i"ha (i"ha i" con"i# con"i#r r# # in la la "oll "oll r"on r"on"i* "i*l l 'or %h con"$nc" %hro'.

0ats

5 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages ' #ead>on>co**ision too% "*ace bet?een an nternationa* cargo truc%- Loadstar and a +ord Escort car driven by &ose No#, F#en t#e nort#bound car ?as about 10m a?ay from t#e sout#ern a""roac# of t#e bridge- t?o boys sudden*y darted from t#e rig#t side of t#e road and into t#e *ane of t#e car, T#e boys ?ere moving bac% and fort#- unsure of ?#et#er to cross a** t#e ?ay to t#e ot#er side or turn bac%, No# b*e? t#e #orn of t#e car- s?erved to t#e *eft and entered t#e *ane of t#e truc%- #e t#en s?itc#ed on t#e #ead*ig#ts of t#e car- a""*ied t#e bra%es and t#ereafter attem"ted to return to #is *ane, )efore #e cou*d do so- #is car co**ided ?it# t#e truc%, T#e co**ision occurred in t#e *ane of t#e truc%, $TC $TC convicted !a*ang, C' armed,

Iss/e F#et#er or not t#e doctrine of *ast c*ear c#ance is a""*icab*e,

R/l,n2 YES, Last Last c*ea c*earr c#an c#ance ce is a doct doctri rine ne in t#e t#e *a? *a? of tort torts s ?#ic ?#ic# # stat states es t#at t#at t#e t#e contributory neg*igence of t#e "arty inGured ?i** not defeat t#e c*aim for damages if it is s#o?n t#at t#e defendant mig#t- by t#e e8ercise of reasonab*e care and "rudence- #ave avoided t#e conseuences of t#e neg*igence of t#e inGured "arty, n suc# cases- t#e "erson ?#o #ad t#e *ast c*ear c#ance to avoid t#e mis#a" is considered in *a? so*e*y res"onsib*e res"onsib*e for t#e conseuences t#ereof, n n! +. M%rooli%an a%r a%r Oi"%ric% A10 4#i*, /75- 173B: T#e doctrine a""*ies on*y in a situat situation ion ?#ere ?#ere t#e "*aintiI "*aintiI ?as gui*ty gui*ty of "rior "rior or antece anteceden dentt neg*ig neg*igenc ence e but t#e defendant- ?#o #ad t#e *ast fair c#ance to avoid t#e im"ending #arm and fai*ed to do so- is made *iab*e for a** t#e conseuences of t#e accident not?it#standing t#e "rior neg*igence of t#e "*aintiI, T#e subseuent neg*igence of t#e defendant in fai*ing to e8ercise e8ercise ordinary care to avoid inGury to "*aintiI becomes t#e immediate or "ro8imate cause of t#e accident ?#ic# intervenes bet?een t#e accident and t#e more remote neg*igence of t#e "*aintiI- t#us ma%ing t#e defendant *iab*e to t#e "*aintiI, !enera**y- t#e *ast c*ear c#ance doctrine is invo%ed for t#e "ur"ose of ma%ing a defendant *iab*e to a "*aintiI ?#o ?as gui*ty of "rior or antecedent neg*igence- a*t#oug# it may a*so be raised as a defense to defeat c*aim for damages, '""*ying t#e foregoing doctrine- it ?as t#e truc% driverOs neg*igence in fai*ing to e8ert ordinary care to avoid t#e co**ision ?#ic# ?as- in *a?- t#e "ro8imate "ro8imate cause of t#e co**ision, 's em"*oyers of t#e truc% driver- Tayag and Mana*o- under 'rtic*e 210 of t#e Civi* Code- are direct direct*y *y and "rimar "rimari*y i*y *iab*e *iab*e for t#e resu resu*ti *ting ng damage damages, s, T#e "resu "resum"t m"tion ion t#at t#at t#ey t#ey are are neg*igen neg*igentt o?s from t#e neg*igen neg*igence ce of t#eir t#eir em"*oyee em"*oyee,, T#at "resum"tion"resum"tion- #o?ever#o?ever- is on*y Guris tantum- not Guris et de Gure, T#eir on*y "ossib*e defense is t#at t#ey e8ercised a** t#e di*igence of a good fat#er of a fami*y to "revent t#e damage,

CASTILEB INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION CORPORATION v, 7ICENTE 7AS?UE:% JR. an- LUISA SO 7AS?UE:% an- CE3U DOCTORSK HOSPITAL% INC. G.R. No. 1!&&% Dee(be) &1% 1***% DA7IDE% JR.% +.J.  = 4 a g e


An (lor ho ho loan" hi" (o%or +hicl %o an an (lo 'or %h la%%rE" r"onal r"onal $" o$%"i o$%"i# # o' r!$l r!$lar ar or&in or&in! ! ho$r" ho$r" i" !nra !nrall ll no% lia*l lia*l 'or %h (lo (lo E" E" n!li! n!li!n% n% ora%ion o' %h +hicl #$rin! %h rio# o' r(i""i+ $", +n hr %h (lor con%(la%" %ha% a r!$larl a""i!n# (o%or +hicl ill * $"# * %h (lo 'or r"onal a" a" ll a" a" *$"in"" $ro"" $ro"" an# %hr %hr i" "o( "o( inci#n%al *n;% %o %h (lor. (lor.

0ats $omeo So asue- ?as driving a Lu8 4ic%>u", T#ey co**ided ?it# eac# ot#er causing severe inGuries because t#e *atter over*a""ed t#e formers "at#, asue died, S"s asue- "arents of t#e deceased H*ed a suit, $TC ru*ed in favor of t#e s"ouses and ordered 'bad and Casti*e8 ndustria* to "ay damages, C' armed,

Iss/e F#et#er or not Casti*e8 is vicarious*y *iab*e for t#e deat# resu*ting from t#e neg*igent o"eration by 'bad of a com"any>issued ve#ic*e outside ?or%ing #ours,

R/l,n2 NO. 'rtic*e 210- "ar,  and 3- a""*ies to em"*oyers, 4ar, 4ar, - to o?ners and managers of an estab estab*is *is#m #ment ent or enter" enter"ris rise e and 4ar 4ar, 3- to em"*oy em"*oyers ers in genera genera**- ?#et#e ?#et#err or not engaged in any business or industry, 4ar,  covers neg*igent acts of em"*oyees committed eit#er in t#e service of t#e branc#es or on t#e occasion of t#eir functions- ?#i*e t#e 4ar, 3 encom"asses neg*igent acts of em"*oyees acting ?it#in t#e sco"e of t#eir assigned tas%, 'M&U$ "rinci"*es: "rinci"*es: 888 A/BUse A/BUse of Em"*oyerO Em"*oyerOs s e#ic*e e#ic*e 9utside 9utside $egu*a $egu*arr For%ing or%ing
7 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages "rostitutes- "im"s- and drug "us#ers and addicts- #ad no connection to Casti*e8s businessP neit#er #ad it any re*ation to #is duties as a manager, $at#er- using #is service ve#ic*e even for "ersona* "ur"oses ?as a form of a fringe beneHt or one of t#e "er%s attac#ed to #is "osition,

OPTIMUM MOTOR CENTER CORPORATION v, ANNIE TAN o) AJ 8 T T)a-,n2 G.R. No. 1#"&"&% J/l5 16% &""$ - TINGA% J.

/h conc% o' a (chanic?" lin i" ar%ic$la%# in Ar%icl 1731  ho ha" c$%# or& $on a (o+a*l ha" a ri!h% %o r%ain i% * a o' l#! $n%il h i" ai#. /h (chanic?" lin i" a&in %o a con%rac%or?" or arho$"(an?" lin in %ha% * a o' l#!, %h rair(an ha" %h ri!h% %o r%ain o""""ion o' %h (o+a*l $n%il h i" ai#. o+r, %h ri!h% o' r%n%ion i" con#i%ion# $on %h c$%ion o' or& $on %h (o+a*l. /h cra%ion o' a (chanicE" lin #o" no% #n# $on %h onrE" nona(n%. Ra%hr, %h con%rac%or Icra%"I hi" or hr on lin * r'or(in! %h or& or '$rni"hin! %h (a%rial".

0ats Tan Tan broug#t t#e subGect truc% to 9"timum for body re"air and "ainting, 4e@a introduced #imse*f as t#e o?ner and manager of 9"timum, Tan verba**y contracted ?it# 4e@a for t#e re"ai re"airr of t#e damage damaged d "ortio "ortions ns of t#e truc%truc%- re"ai re"ainti nting ng and u"#o* u"#o*ste stery ry re"*acement, T#en s#e discovered t#at 9"timum #ad a*ready vacated its s#o" in De* Monte and and t#at t#at #er #er truc truc% % ?as ?as no?# no?#er ere e to be foun found, d, Late Laterr- s#e s#e *ear *earne ned d t#at t#at 9"ti 9"timu mum m #ad #ad transferred to a ne? *ocation but #er sti** unre"aired truc% ?as found in a*enue*a a*enue*a City, City, $TC $TC ordered t#e seiure of t#e said ve#ic*e, $TC rendered a decision in favour of Tan and #e*d 9"timum *iab*e for damages for its fai*ure to e8ecute its "art of t#e contract on time"ursuant to 'rtic*e 1150 of t#e Civi* Code, C' armed,

Iss/e F#et#er or not 9"timum is *iab*e for damages,

R/l,n2 YES. T#e conce"t of a mec#anics *ien is articu*ated in 'rtic*e 15/1:
30 = 4 a g e

Torts Torts and Damages detention of t#e truc% turned to be t#at of a deforciant and so res"ondent #as every rig#t to recover "ossession of it, +rom anot#er "ers"ective- 9"timum is ob*iged to ta%e care of t#e truc truc% % ?it# ?it# t#e t#e "ro" "ro"er er di*i di*ige genc nce e of a good good fat#e fat#err to a fami fami*y *y ?#i* ?#i*e e t#e t#e same same is in its its "osses "ossessio sion, n, $ecords ecords s#o? s#o? t#at t#at t#e subGe subGect ct truc% truc% #ad a*read a*ready y deteri deteriorat orated ed ?#i*e ?#i*e in t#e "ossession of 9"timum, Ta%ing into consideration t#e *ast %no?n condition of t#e truc% in tandem ?it# t#e fact t#at t#e court "roceedings #ave s"anned a*most a decade- it can be readi*y inferred t#at t#e truc% #as become ?#o**y use*ess, Since restitution is no *onger feasib*e- 9"timum is bound to "ay t#e va*ue of t#e truc%,

31 = 4 a g e

Torts Cases

Recommend Documents