Instituto TURBINAS A GAS. INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA PRESENTA: BANTE DE JESÚS JULIO ÁNGEL. ALTAMIRANO ZARATE MIGUEL ÁNGEL. PULIDO FLORES JONATHAN. NICOLÁS HERNÁNDEZ SAMUEL DAV DAVID. DE LUNA ANTONIO JESÚS. PAZ PAZ TOLEDO TOLED O JAV J AVIER. IER. LOPÉZ LAGUNAS GIBRAN.
CENTRALES ELÉCTRICAS.
DOC. ISIDRO CASTILLO TOLEDO
GRUPO: 7 L H. Cd. Ju!"#$% d& Z'(')*+', O'-'', / d& *#u0(& d&1 2/3
CONTEN NOTACIÓN NOTACIÓN Y/O ACRÓNIMOS........................................................................ ACRÓNIMOS........................................................................11 LISTA E !IGURAS..................................... !IGURAS.................................................................. ......................................................" ........................." LISTA E TABLAS............................................. ABLAS.......................................................................... .......................................... ..................." ......" INTROUCCIÓN...............................................................................................# CA$ITULO 1 TURBINAS E GAS...........................................................................................% GENERALIAES E ISE&O' CLASI!ICACIÓN Y CA$ACIAES CON TURBO GAS..............................................................................................( ARREGLOS B)SICOS CON TURBOGENERAORES A GAS................1* RECU$ RECU$ER ERAO AORES RES E CALOR' CALOR' ISE ISE&O &OS' S' CARAC CARACTE TER+S R+STI TICA CAS S Y CA$ACIAES.................................................................................................1" CA$ CA$ACIA CIAE ES' S' CO CONS NSUM UMO O E CO COMB MBUS USTI TIBL BLE' E' $RO $ROUC UCCI CIÓN ÓN EL,CTRICA Y T,RMICA.......................................... T,RMICA................................................................... .................................... ...........11BALANCES E LA ENERGIA' CA$ACIAES Y E!ICIENCIAS EN CONUNTO.......................................................................................................1 CONCLUSIÓN.................................................................... CONCLUSIÓN....................................... ............................................................10 ...............................10 RE!ERENCIAS................................................................................................."*
NOTACIÓN NOTACIÓN Y/O ACRÓNIMOS. BAR. S& d&%*4"%' 0'( ' u%' u%"d'd d& 5(&6"%, 0'( &8u"9'1& ' //// 5'6'1&6. HDGT. P*( 6u6 6")1'6 &% "%)16, H&'9; Du#; G'6 Tu(0"%&6. TTB: Tu0*6 #&(4*6"<*%&6 0"<$6"*6. M=: 4&)'>?!'##6 DLE @D(; L*? E4"66"*%6.
1
LISTA E !IGURAS. Y!igu2 3#.145 Tu6in2 Tu6in2 7e g2s 8 sus 92tes 9inci92les....................................9inci92les............................... .....!igu2 3#.1.145 inst2l2ción si:9le 7e un2 tu6in2 7e g2s..................................( !igu2 3#.1.#45 Tu6in2 Tu6in2 7e g2s 7e ciclo 26ieto.................................................. 26ieto.................................................. !igu2 3#.1.%45 Tu6in2 Tu6in2 7e g2s 7e ciclo ce27o.................................................; ce27o.................................................; !igu2 3#.1.-45 Tu6in2 Tu6in2 7e g2s 7e un solo eue se utili?2 en un2 cent2l 7e ciclo co:6in27o.................................................... co:6in27o................................................................................ ............................1" 1" !igu2 3#.#."45 Inst2l2ción 7e l2 sección i?>uie72 7el e@29o27o 7e 2lt2 9esión 7e un2 c2l7e2 7e ecu9e2ción 7e c2lo.......... c2lo............................... .................................. .............1# 1# !igu2 3#.#.#45 Tu6o 7e te:osión 6i=sico TTB.........................................1% !igu2 3#.%.145 Es>ue:2 tu6in2 7e g2s...........................................................1LISTA E TABLAS. Y
T26l2 3#.#.145 cl2siic2ción 7e te:9e2tu2......................... te:9e2tu2......................................................1" .............................1"
"
INTROUCCIÓN. E% &6#& #('0'* 6& 5(&6&%#' &1 #&4' TURBINAS DE GAS &% d"!* #&4' 6& &-5*%& 8u& u%' #u(0"%' d& )'6 &6 u%' #u(0* 4$8u"%' d&6#"%'d' ' 1' )&%&('"% d& &%&()' &1#("'. A6 4"64*, 4"64*, 6& 5(&6&%#'% 1'6 )&%&('1"d'd&6 )&%&('1"d'd&6 d& d"6&*, d"6&*, 1'6"<"'" 1'6"<"'"%% ; '5'"d'd&6 d& #u(0* )'6, &1 u'1 &-5*%& 8u& u%' #u(0"%' d& )'6 *%6#' 0$6"'4&%#& d& u% *45(&6*( d& '"(&, u%' $4'(' d& *40u6#"%, 1' #u(0"%' ;, 5'(' 4&*('( &1 (&%d"4"&%#*, u% (&)&%&('d*(. O#(*6 #&4'6 ' #('#'( &% &6#& d*u4&%#* 6*% 1*6 '((&)1*6 0$6"*6 *% #u(0*)&%&('d*(&6 d& )'6 8u& &-51"' 1*6 d"<&(&%#&6 "1*6 #(4"*6 *% 1*6 u'1&6 #('0''% 1'6 #u(0"%'6 d& )'6, #'40"% 6& &-51"' &1 d"6&*, 1'6 '('#&(6#"'6 ; '5'"d'd&6 d& 1*6 (&u5&('d*(&6 d& '1*(, '6 *4* *#('6 )&%&('1"d'd&6
#
CA$ITULO 1 #.D TURBINAS E GAS. U%' #u(0"%' d& )'6, &6 u%' #u(0*4$8u"%' 4*#*(' u;* <1u"d* d& #('0'* &6 u% )'6 @U%' #u(0*4$8u"%' &6 u%' 4$8u"%' u;* &1&4&%#* 5("%"5'1 &6 u% (*#*( )"('#*("* ' #('96 d&1 u'1 5'6' u% <1u"d* d& <*(4' *%#"%u'. C*4* 1' *45(&6"0"1"d'd d& 1*6 )'6&6 %* 5u&d& 6&( d&65(&"'d', 1'6 #u(0"%'6 d& )'6 6*% #u(0*4$8u"%'6 #(4"'6. C*4%4&%#& 6& !'01' d& 1'6 #u(0"%'6 d& )'6 5*( 6&5'('d* d& 1'6 #u(0"%'6, ;' 8u&, 'u%8u&
%
E% 1' <")u(' . 6& 5u&d& *06&(9'( 1'6 5'(#&6 d& u%' #u(0"%' d& )'6, 1'6 u'1&6 6& d&6("0"($% *% 4$6 d'11&6 ' *%#"%u'"%.
!igu2 3#.145 Tu6in2 Tu6in2 7e g2s 8 sus 92tes 9inci92les. Ad4"6"% * &%#('d' d& '"(&: &1 6"6#&4' d& 'd4"6"% d& '"(& *%6#' d& #*d*6 1*6 &1&4&%#*6 %&&6'("*6 5'(' 8u& &1 '"(& &%#(& &% 1' #u(0"%' &% 1'6 *%d""*%&6 4$6 'd&u'd'6 d& 5(&6"%, #&45&('#u(' ; 1"45"&+'. P'(' &11* 6& u&%#' *% <"1#(*6 d& d & 9'("*6 #"5*6, 8u& 8u & 6& &%'()'( d& &1"4 &1"4"% "%'( '( 1' 6u" 6u"&d &d'd 'd 8u& 8u& 5u&d 5u&d'' '((' '(('6# 6#(' ('(( &1 '"(& '"(&:: ; d& u% u%'' 6&(" 6&("&& d& 6"6# 6"6#&4 &4'6 '6 8u 8u&& '*%d""*%'('% '*%d""*%'('% 1' #&45&('#u(' 5'(' <'"1"#'( <'"1"#'( 8u& &%#(& ' 1' #u(0"%' 1' 4';*( '%#"d'd d& 4'6' d& '"(&. C*45(&6*( d& '"(&: L'
-
#.1.D GENERALIAES E ISE&O' CLASI!ICACIÓN Y CA$ACIAES CA$ACIAES CON TURBO GAS. L*6 #(&6 &1&4&%#*6 &6&%"'1&6 d& u%' #u(0"%' d& )'6 &% 6u <*(4' 4$6 6"451& 6*%: u% *45(&6*(, u%' $4'(' d& *40u6#"% ; u%' #u(0"%', '*51'd'6 &%#(& 6, #'1 ; *4* 6& 9& &% 1' <")u(' ...
!igu2 3#.1.145 inst2l2ción si:9le 7e un2 tu6in2 7e g2s. C1'6"<"'"% d& #u(0"%'6 d& )'6. L' #u(0"%' d& )'6, 5(*5"'4&%#& d"!', &6 u% &-5'%6*(, u%' 4'8u"%' '5'+ d& *%9&(#"( 1' &%&()' #&(4*d"%$4"' #&(4*d"%$4"' d& u% )'6 &% &%&()' &%&()' 4&$%"' '#(&9&6 d& u% &&, 4"&%#('6 4"&%#('6 &1 <1u"d* 5'6' 5*( &11'. E1 <1u* 5u&d& 5(*du"(6& &% d"(&"% '-"'1, * ('d"'1 d&
(
' S&)% S&)% &1 4*d* d& '5*(#' '5*(#'"% "% d& &%&() &%&()'' '1 "1*. "1*. E%
!igu2 3#.1.#45 Tu6in2 Tu6in2 7e g2s 7e ciclo 26ieto. Tu(0" Tu(0"%'6 %'6 d& )'6 d& "1 "1** &((' &(('d*. d*. E% 1'6 1'6 #u(0 #u(0"% "%'6 '6 d& )'6 d& "1 "1** &((' &(('d* d* @E68u& @E68u&4' 4' 4*6#('d* &% 1' F")u(' .., 1' '5*(#'"% d& '1*( &6 1&%#' 5*(8u& "%#&(9"&%& 1' #('%6<&(&%"' d& '1*(. E1 <1u"d* d& #('0'* "(u1' &% u% "(u"#* &(('d* ; %* !'; d&6'()'
&% 1' '#46<&('. S& 5u&d& d&"( 8u& &1 u6* d& &6#& "1* &(('d* &6 u%' 4'%&(' d& &451&'( *40u6#"01&6 d& 0'' '1"d'd &% u%' #u(0"%' d& )'6. A6, &% 1'6 #u(0"%'6 d& )'6, 6& 6u6#"#u;& 1' $4'(' d& *40u6#"% d&1 )&%&('d*( d& )'6 5*( u% "%#&('40"'d*( d& '1*(. L'6 #u(0"%'6 d& )'6 d& &6#& #"5* 6& u#"1"+$% &% '51"'"*%&6 &% 1'6 8u& 6& '5(*9&!' u% '1*( (&6"du'1 ' u%' &1&9'd' #&45&('#u(', &% &1 8u& %* &6 5*6"01& 1' "%6#'1'"% d& u%' #u(0"%' d& 9'5*(, 6"&45(& 8u& 1*6 <'#*(&6 d& 9*1u4&% ; 5&6* 5"&(d'% "45*(#'%"'.
!igu2 3#.1.%45 Tu6in2 7e g2s 7e ciclo ce27o. d S&) S&)%% 1'6 1'6 d"65* d"65*6" 6"" "*%& *%&66 4&$% 4&$%" "'6 '6.. P*( P*( *#(* *#(* 1'd* 1'd*,, &-"6#& &-"6#&%% 4u! 4u!'6 '6 9'(" 9'("'% '%#& #&66 d&1 &68u&4' 1$6"* d& u%' #u(0"%' d& )'6 @*45(&6*(, $4'(' d& *40u6#"% ; #u(0"%' d& &-5'%6"%, ; 6*% *%6&u&%"' d& 1' 'd""% d& 9'("*6 *45*%&%#&6 d& &%#('d' ; 6'1"d' '1 )&%&('d*( d& )'6. E% 1'6 '51"'"*%&6 "%du6#("'1&6, d*%d& 6& d&0& *0#&%&( 1' 5*#&%"' &% u% &&, &6 d&"(, 5*#&%"' 5*#&% "' 4&$%"', &-"6#&% 41#"51&6 d"65*6""*%&6, ; '6 &%*%#('4*6, &%
;
u%"d u%"d'd 'd&6 &6 6& u#"1 u#"1"+ "+'% '% %*(4 %*(4'1 '14& 4&%# %#&& 5'(' 5'(' '51" '51"'" '"*%& *%&66 d*% d*%d& d& %* &6 %&&6 %&&6'(" '("'' u% u%'' 9'("'"% d& 1' 9&1*"d'd 6")%"<"'#"9'.
!igu2 3#.1.-45 Tu6in2 Tu6in2 7e g2s 7e 7 e un solo e
!igu2 3#.1.(45 Tu6in2 Tu6in2 7e g2s 7e e
#." ARREGLOS B)SICOS CON TURBOGENERAORES TURBOGENERAO RES A GAS. 0
L'6 &%#('1&6 *% #u(0"%'6 d& )'6 #"&%&% 1' 9&%#'' d& 8u& 6u %"9&1 d& *%#'4"%'"% '#4*6<("* &6 4u!* 4&%*( 8u& *#('6 &%#('1&6 d& *40u6#"01&. D&0"d* ' 6u 0'' 5&(d"d' d& '1*( 6& u#"1"+'% *4* &%#('1&6 d& (&6&(9' @T"&%&% 5*( *0* 6u6#"#u"( #*#'1 * 5'("'14&%#& ' 1'6 &%#('1&6 !"d($u1"'6 d& 0'6& * u%"#'("'6 d& / ' 2K M? 6*% 4$6 *%9&%"&%#&6 1'6 &%#('1&6 #(4"' d& )'6 8u& 1'6 &%#('1&6 #(4"'6 d& 9'5*(. CICLO SENCILLO O ABIERTO.
!igu2 3#.".145 un :oto 7e tu6in2 7e ciclo 26ieto L'6 #u(0"%'6 d& )'6 u6u'14&%#& *5&('% &% u% "1* '0"&(#*, *4* 4u&6#(' 1' <")u(' .2.. E1 '"(& <(&6* &% *%d""*%&6 '40"&%#& 6& "%#(*du& d&%#(* d&1 *45(&6*( d*%d& 6u #&45&('#u(' ; 5(&6"% 6& &1&9'. E1 '"(& d& '1#' 5(&6"% 6")u& !'"' 1' $4'(' d& *40u6#"% d*%d& &1 *40u6#"01& 6& 8u&4' ' 5(&6"% *%6#'%#&. Lu&)* 1*6 )'6&6 d& '1#' #&45&('#u(' 8u& (&6u1#'%, &%#('% ' 1' #u(0"%', d*%d& 6& &-5'%d&% !'6#' 1' 5(&6"% '#4*6<("', d& #'1 <*(4' 8u& 5(*du&% 5*#&%"'. L*6 )'6&6 d& &6'5& 8u& 6'1&% d& 1' #u(0"%' 6& &-5u16'% !'"'
CICLO REGENERATIVO
1*
!igu2 3#."."45 i2g2:2 7el ciclo te:o7in=:ico 922 un2 tu6in2 7e g2s con egene2ción. E% *'6"*%&6 6& 5(&6&%#' 8u& 1' #&45&('#u(' d& 1*6 )'6&6 ' 1' 6'1"d' d& 1' #u(0"%' &% u% "1* '0"&(#* &6 4';*( 8u& 1' #&45&('#u(' d&1 '"(& ' 1' 6'1"d' d&1 *45(&6*(. P*( 1* u'1 &1 "1* (&)&%&('#"9* '5(*9&!' &6#' d"<&(&%"' d& #&45&('#u('6 5'(' #('%6<&("( &% u% (&)&%&('d*( * "%#&('40"'d*( d& '1*(, &%&()' #(4"' d& 1*6 )'6&6 8u& 6'1&% d& 1' #u(0"%' '1 '"(& 8u& 6'1& d&1 *45(&6*(. P*( *%6")u"&%#&, &1 '"(& d& '1#' 5(&6"% 8u& 6'1& d&1 *45(&6*(, 5u&d& '1&%#'(6& '1 #('%6<&((6&1& '1*( d& 1*6 )'6&6 d& &6'5& '1"&%#&6 &% u% "%#&('40"'d*( d& '1*( ' *%#('<1u*, &1 u'1 6& *%*& #'40"% *4* u% (&)&%&('d*( * (&u5&('d*(.
#.# RECU$ERAORES E CALOR' ISE&OS' CARACTER+STICAS Y CA$ACIAES. 11
L*6 (&u5&('d*(&6 d& '1*( '5(*9&!'% 1' &%&()' #(4"' *%#&%"d' &% 1*6 )'6&6 d& &6'5&, 5(*du#* d& 1' *40u6#"% &% u'18u"&( 5(*&6* "%du6#("'1, &% &6#& '6*, &% &%#('1&6 d& "1* *40"%'d*, 1*6 )'6&6 d& &6'5& d& 1' #u(0"%' d& )'6 8u& 6& u#"1"+'% 5'(' )&%&('( 9'5*( &% 1'6 '1d&('6 d& (&u5&('"% d& '1*( *4* 1' 8u& 6& 4u&6#(' &% 1' <")u(' ..
!igu2 3#.#.145 C2l7e2 7e ecu9e2ción 7e c2lo >ue se utili?2 en un2 cent2l 7e ciclo co:6in27o. L'6
Alt2 te:9e2tu2 Me7i2 te:9e2tu2 B2<2 te:9e2tu2
(-*C "#*C F (-*C "#*C
T26l2 T26l2 3#.#.145 cl2siic2ción 7e te:9e2tu2.
D&%#(* d& &6#*6 &8u"5*6 6& #"&%& 6u5&(<""&6 &-#&%d"d'6 d& "%#&('40"* d& '1*( &% <*(4' d& 0'%*6 d& #u0*6 d& )('%d&6 d"4&%6"*%&6 d"4&%6"*%&6 *4* 1* 4u&6#(' 1' 6&"% d&1 &9'5*('d*( d& '1#' 5(&6"% 4*6#('d' &% 1' <")u(' ..2.
1"
!igu2 3#.#."45 Inst2l2ción 7e l2 sección i?>uie72 7el e@29o27o 7e 2lt2 9esión 7e un2 c2l7e2 7e ecu9e2ción 7e c2lo. c2lo. L' 4';*(' d& 1*6 &8u"5*6 '1&%#'d*6 5*( *40u6#"%, *4* 1'6 '1d&('6 u%' 9&+ 8u& '1'%+'% ' 6u 14"#& 5($#"* d& #&45&('#u(', d&65&(d""'% u%' )('% '%#"d'd d& &%&()' 5*( 6u6 !"4&%&'6. EI P(*&6* d& R&u5&('"% d& C'1*(, &6 &1 (*4'( '1*( d&65&(d""'d* d& u% 5(*&6* 8u&
1#
E1 5("%"5"* d& *%d&%6'"% d&1 <1u"d* d& #('0'*. Cu'%d* 6& '1"&%#' u% &-#(&4* d&1 #u0* @&9' @&9'5* 5*(' ('d* d*( ( !'; !'; u%' u%' &9'5 &9'5*( *(' '" "%% d&1 d&1 <1u" <1u"d* d* 8u 8u&& 6& d&65 d&651' 1'+' +' !'" !'"'' *#(* *#(* &-#( &-#(&4 &4** @*%d&%6'd*(, @*%d&%6'd*(, ; d*%d& &6 5*6"01& 5*6"01& &-#('&( &1 '1*( 4&d"'%#& 4&d"'%#& u% 6"6#&4' 6"6#&4' d& &%<("'4"&%#*. &%<("'4"&%#*. E6#' &-#('"% &-#('"% d& '1*( *'6"*%' *'6"*%' 1' *%d&%6'"% *%d&%6'"% d&1 <1u"d* d& #('0'* ; &%#*%&6 &%#*%&6 d&0"d* ' 8u& 1' 5*6""% d&1 TTB &6 9&(#"'1, &1 & 1 <1u"d* 6& *%du& 6*0(& 1' 5'(&d "%#&("*( !'"' '0'* &% <*(4' d& 5&1u1' 5*( 1' '"% d& 1' )('9&d'd.
!igu2 3#.#.#45 Tu6o Tu6o 7e te:osión 6i=sico TTB.
#.%.D CA$ACIAES' CONSUMO E COMBUSTIBLE' $ROUCCIÓN EL,CTRICA Y T,RMICA.
1%
L' &1&#(""d'd 8u& %*6*#(*6 *%6u4"4*6, ; 8u& 6& #('%65*(#' ' #('96 d& (&d&6 &1#("'6, 6& 5(*du& 0$6"'4&%#& '1 #('%6<*(4'( 1' &%&()' "%#"' &% &%&()' &1#("'. P'(' &11*, 6& u#"1"+'% #u(0"%'6 ; )&%&('d*(&6. L'6 #u(0"%'6 6*% &8u"5*6 6*<"6#"'d*6 8u&, "45u16'd*6 5*( u%' &%&()' &-#&(%' &-#&(% ' 5(*9*'% 5(* 9*'% &1 4*9"4"&%#* d& u%'6 u %'6 #u(0"%'6 "%#&("*(&6. L*6 )&%&('d*(&6 ) &%&('d*(&6 6*% '5'('#*6 8u& #('%6<*(4'% 1' &%&()' "%#"' d& u%' #u(0"%', &% &%&()' &1#("'. L'6 #u(0"%'6 6*% 4$8u"%'6 (*#'#"9'6. S& 1'6"<"'% &% #(&6 )('%d&6 )(u5*6: •
L'6 #u(0"%'6 !"d($u1"'6, 8u& 6*% 1'6 4$6 '%#")u'6, u6'% &1 ')u' *4* <1u"d* d& #('0'*.
•
L'6 #u(0"%'6 ' 9'5*(, 8u& 6u <1u"d* d& #('0'* &6 &1 9'5*( d& ')u'.
•
L'6 #u(0"%'6 ' )'6, 8u& 6*% 1'6 4$6 '#u'1&6. S& d"<&(&%"' d& 1'6 '%#&("*(&6 &% &1 6&%#"d* d& 8u& 1' *40u6#"% 6& (&'1"+' d&%#(* d& 1' 4$8u"%'. Su <1u"d* d& #('0'* 6*% 1*6 )'6&6 d& *40u6#"%. L'6 #u(0"%'6 ' )'6 *5&('( *4* 6"6#&4'6 '0"&(#*6 * &(('d*6. P'(' &1 "1* '0"&(#* 1*6
&1&4&%#*6 5("%"5'1&6 6*%: #u(0"%' ' )'6, *45(&6*(, $4'(' d& *40u6#"% ; #u(0"%'. P'(' &1 "1* &(('d* &6#*6 &1&4&%#*6 6*%: #u(0"%' ; d*6 "%#&('40"'d*(&6 d& '1*(. E1 "1* '0"&(#* &6 &1 4$6 *4%.
!igu2 3#.%.145 Es>ue:2 tu6in2 7e g2s. L'6 #u(0"%'6 #"&%&% #&45&('#u('6 d& 6'1"d' d& 1*6 )'6&6 d& *40u6#"% d& K/ ' 3//Q C ; u% 'ud'1 d& )'6&6 d& *40u6#"% d& 2 )! 5*( ?. E6#'6 d*6 '('#&(6#"'6 !'&% 8u& 6&' 4$6 <$"1 &1 '5(*9&!'4"&%#* d&1 '1*( d& 1*6 )'6&6 d& &6'5&.
1-
L' &%&()' d&1 *40u6#"01& 8u& &%#(' &% u%' 4$8u"%' 6& u#"1"+' d& 1' 6")u"&%#& 4'%&(': •
E%&()' &1#("' / ' K.
•
E%&()' #(4"' 3/ ' 3K.
•
P(d"d'6 K ' /. L' #u(0"%' d& )'6 &6 u#"1"+'d' u'%d* 6& #"&%& u% *%6u4* "45*(#'%#& d& &%&()'
#(4"', d*%d& #'40"% (&8u&("4*6 d& u%' '1d&(' d& (&u5&('"% d& '1*( 5'(' 1' 6u4"%"6#('( &1 9'5*( d& 5(*&6* 8u& (&8u"&(& %u&6#(* 1"&%#&. L'6 #u(0"%'6 d& )'6 6& (&*4"&%d'% 5'(' 5(*&6*6 *%#"%u*6 du('%#& &1 '*, ' *, d*%d& d*% d& 6& #&%)'% u% 1"4"#'d* %4&(* d& '(('%8u&6 ; 5'(*6 5'( *6 du('%#& d"!* 5&(*d*. S*% 4u; *%<"'01&6, ;' 8u& #"&%&% u%' d"65*%"0"1"d'd d&1 K d&1 #"&45* du('%#& &1 '*, 5*( 1* 8u& 5(*5*("*%'% '!*((*6 4u; "45*(#'%#&6 &% *40u6#"01& u#"1"+'d* 5*( &1 1"&%#& 5'(' )&%&('( 6u6 *%6u4*6 d& 9'5*(. L' #u(0"%' &6 4u; &<""&%#& &% (&8u&("4"&%#* (&8u&("4"&%#*66 '1#*6 '1#*6 d& &1&#(""d'd, &1&#(""d'd, d*%d& 6& #&%)'% *%6u4*6 *%6u4*6 5*( '(("0' d& 1*6 2/ M=. M=. E% &6#*6 '6*6, 6" 6& *45'(' ' 1' #u(0"%' *%#(' u% 4*#*( 8u&4'%d* )'6 %'#u('1, 1' #u(0"%' 5u&d& (&6u1#'( u%' 4&*( '1#&(%'#"9' d& )&%&('"% &1#("' 5&(* 1' d"<&(&%"' 6"&45(& 9' ' &6#'( d&(4"%'d' 5*( 1' '%#"d'd d& &%&()' #(4"' 8u& 6& %&&6"#&. E% *45'('"% *% &1 4*#*(, 1' #u(0"%' 61* 5u&d& 8u&4'( d& 4'%&(' &<""&%#& )'6 %'#u('1 ; d"6&1, ;' 8u& u'18u"&( *#(* *40u6#"01& "451"' d& 4u!* 4'%#&%"4"&%#* ; *%6&u&%#&4&%#&, 1*6 '(('%8u&6 ; 5'(*6 9'% ' '<&#'( 1' 9"d' #"1 d& 1' #u(0"%'. P&(* &6 "45*(#'%#& 6&'1'( 8u& 1'6 #u(0"%'6 d& )'6 6*% 1*6 &8u"5*6 8u& #"&%&% 1'6 4&%*(&6 &4"6"*%&6 ' 1' '#46<&(', d&0"d* ' 1' )('% &<""&%"' 8u& #"&%&% &% 6u6 8u&4'd*(&6 d& 0'* NO ; DEL, 5*( 6u6 6")1'6 &% "%)16, D(; L*? E4"66"*%6. L' #u(0"%' d& )'6 &6 &1 &8u"5* 8u& 4$6 6& 9& '<&#'d* &% 6u '5'"d'd ; &<""&%"' 5*( #('0''( &% '1#u('6 *4* 1' C"ud'd d& M-"*, Pu&01', ., ;' 8u& 5"&(d& / d& 6u '5'"d'd 5*( 'd' /// 4.6.%.4. L' 5'(#& #(4"' %* 6u<(& #'%#*, ;' 8u& 'u% u'%d* 5"&(d& '5'"d'd, 1' #&45&('#u(' d& 1*6 )'6&6 d& &6'5& 'u4&%#' ; *% &11* 6& *45&%6' d& 4'%&(' "45*(#'%#& 1' )&%&('"% d& &%&()' #(4"'.
#.-.D BALANCES E LA ENERGIA' CA$ACIAES Y E!ICIENCIAS EN CONUNTO.
1(
L'6 #u(0"%'6 d& )'6 6*% 4$8u"%'6 d& '1#' #&%*1*)' 8u& "451"'% &1 d&6'((*11* d& %u&9'6 #&%*1*)'6 d& )&%&('"%, *% 4&%*( "45'#* '40"&%#'1, 4$6 &<""&%#&6 ; *% 4&%*( *6#* d& 4'%#&%"4"&%#*. L' &%&()' #*#'1 d& u% 6"6#&4' *((&65*%d& ' 1' 6u4'#*("' d& #(&6 #"5*6 d& &%&()': .> EnegH2 Cintic25 &%&()' d&0"d' '1 4*9"4"&%#* d&1 6"6#&4' *%6"d&('d* *4* u% #*d*, (&65&#* ' u%' (&<&(&%"' @%*(4'14&%#& 1' 6u5&(<""& #&((&6#(& ' 1' (*#'"% d&1 6"6#&4' '1(&d&d*( d& u% &&. 2. 2.> EnegH2 $otenci2l5 &%&()' d&0"d' ' 1' 5*6""% d&1 6"6#&4' &% u% '45* 5*#&%"'1 @'45* )('9"#'#*("* * '45* &1&#(*4')%#"*. .> EnegH2 Inten25 #*d' &%&()' &%&()' 8u& 5*6&& u% 6"6#&4' 8u& %* 6&' "%#"' %" 5*#&%"'1, 5*#&%"'1, #'1 *4* 1' &%&()' d&0"d' '1 4*9"4"&%#* (&1'#"9* d& 1'6 4*1u1'6 (&65&#* '1 &%#(* d& 4'6' d&1 6"6#&4' * &%&()' d&0"d' ' 1' 9"0('"% d& 1'6 4*1u1'6 * 1' &%&()' 5(*du#* d& 1'6 "%#&(' "%#&('"* "*%&6 %&6 &1&#(* &1&#(*4') 4')%# %#"' "'66 d& 1'6 4*1u 4*1u1'6 1'6 & "%#&(' "%#&('"* "*%&6 %&6 &%#(& &%#(& 1*6 $#*4*6 $#*4*6 ;* 5'(#u1'6 6u0'#4"'6 8u& *%6#"#u;&% 1'6 4*1u1'6. R&*(d&4*6 8u& '1 &6#ud"'( 0'1'%&6 d& 4'#&("', d&<"%"4*6 u% 5(*&6* &(('d* *4* '8u&1 5(*&6* &% &1 8u& %* !'; #('%6<&(&%"' d& 4'#&("' *% 1*6 '1(&d&d*(&6 4"&%#('6 &1 4"64* 6& 11&9' ' '0*. S"% &40'()*, %'d' d"& d& 1' #('%6<&(&%"' d& &%&()' * 6&', &% &6#& 6"6#&4', 1' &%&()' 5u&d& 6&( "%#&('40"'d' *% 1*6 '1(&d&d*(&6 @&1 6"6#&4' 5u&d& (&"0"(1' * &%#(&)'(1' ; 6&)u"( 6"&%d* &(('d*. L'6 d*6 <*(4'6 d& &%&()' &% #($%6"#* 6*% '1*( ; #('0'*.
C2lo5 &%&()' 8u& <1u;& *4* (&6u1#'d* d& u%' d"<&(&%"' d& #&45&('#u(' &%#(& &1 6"6#&4' ; 6u6 '1(&d&d*(&6. L' d"(&"% d& &6#& <1u* &6 6"&45(& d& 1' 4';*( #&45&('#u(' ' 1' 4&%*( #&45 #&45&(' &('#u #u('. ('. P*( *%9& *%9&% %" "%, %, &1 '1* '1*(( &6 5*6"# 5*6"#"9 "9** u'%d u'%d** 1' #('% #('%6<& 6<&(&% (&%" "'' &6 d&6d& d&6d& 1*6 1*6 '1(&d&d*(&6 '1 6"6#&4' @* 6&', &1 6"6#&4' (&"0& &6#' &%&()'.
T262
1
4*9"4"&%#*, &6#& )'6 &<&#' u% #('0'* 6*0(& &1 5"6#% @1' &%&()' &6 #('%6<&("d' d&6d& &1 6"6#&4' ' 1*6 '1(&d&d*(&6 @8u& "%1u;&% &1 5"6#% *4* #('0'*. D&<"%"(&4*6 D&<"%"(&4*6 &1 #('0'* #('0'* *4* 5*6"#"9* 5*6"#"9* u'%d* &6 (&'1"+'d* (&'1"+'d* 5*( 1*6 '1(&d&d*(&6 6*0(& &1 6"6#&4' @1' *%9&%"% *5u&6#' #'40"% 6u&1& &451&'(6& 1' &1&"% &6 '(0"#('("' 6"&45(& 8u& 6& u6& d& 4'%&(' *%6"6#&%#& *% &1 (&6#* d& 1'6 d&<"%""*%&6: 6"% &40'()*, 5'(' &9"#'( *%
CONCLUSIÓN. C*% 1' "%<*(4'"% (&*1&#'d' &% &6#& #('0'*, &1 1&#*( *0#&%d($ *%*"4"&%#*6 6*0(& 1' )&%&('"% d& &%&()' &1#("' 4&d"'%#& #u(0"%'6 d& )'6 6&%"11'6 ; *% (&u5&('d*(&6 d&
1;
'1*(. C*% C*% &1 <"% d& <'4"1"'("+'(6& <'4"1"'("+'(6& *% d"!*6 )&%&('d*(&6 ; *0#&%&( *%*"4"&%#*6 0$6"*6 d& "%)&%"&(' &1#("'. C*% &6#*6 *%*"4"&%#*6 &1 1&#*( #&%d($ u% 4&*( d&6&45&* &% (&1'"% *% &6#*6 #&4'6.
RE!ERENCIAS.
10
H. C*! C*!&% &% GFC GFC.. R*)&( R*)&(66 HIH. HIH. S'( S'('9' '9'%'4 %'4u# u##* #**, *, Gas Turbi Turbine ne Theory Theory, &d"#*(" &d"#*("'1 '1
M'(**40* S.A., 6&)u%d' &d""%, W. 2
P. E%"%'6 M'%u&1, “Turbomáquinas de fluido compresible” comp resible”, &d"#*("'1 L"4u6', 5("4&('
&d""%, WW.
X&9)&% P;64&%%;; “Manual para el cálculo de intercambiadores de calor y bancos
de tubos aletados”, I%<*(4'"% #&%*1)"' 2//, 2 5$)"%'6, V*1. 2, N.Q , ISSN /73>
W7K3, Pu01"'d* 5*( C&%#(* d& I%<*(4'"% T&%*1)"'.
T*1&d* V. M")u&1, Turbinas de gas, fundamentas de turbinas de gas”, EAE Ed"#*("'1
A'd&4"' E65'*1'. K K
S. G'( G'( '' S'%# S'%#"' "')* )*,, G. G. M*u M*u-- F1*( F1*(&% &%#" #"%* %*,, “Centrales térmicas de ciclo combinado”,
Ed"#*("'1 E%d&6' 2//3. 3
D'9"d M. H"44&101'u H"44&101'u,, P("%"5"*6 P("%"5"*6 0$6"*6 ; $1u1*6 $1u1*6 &% "%)&%"&(' "%)&%"&(' 8u4"' 8u4"' 6&-#'
&d""%.
"*