2016 Criminal Law UST Golden Notes VILLAREAL VS. PEPLE G.R. No. 151258 | February 1, 2012 Criminal Liability for personal penalties penalties is totally extinguished by the death of the convict. In contrast, criminal liability liability for pecuniary penalties is extinguished extinguished if the oender dies prior to nal judgment. SEREN! ". #ACTS$ In February 1991, seven freshmen law stuents of the !teneo e "an#la $n#vers#ty %&hool of 'aw s#(n#)e the#r #ntent#on to *o#n the !+u#la 'e(#s ur#s Fratern#ty.
-he neohytes, #n&lu#n( v#&t#m, '/NN I''! rep were re represe resented nted by G! G!"!#" "!#" $ILL" $ILL"%% , we sub*e&te to tra#t#onal forms of !+u#lan 3#n#t#at#on r#tes4. -hey surv#ve the#r )rst ay of #n#t#at#on an were also #no&tr#nate w#th the fratern#ty r#n&#les. !fter the se&on ay of #n#t#at#on r#tes has ene, a&&use nonres#ent or alumn# fratern#ty members F#el#to 6#7on 6IN: an !rtem#o #llareal I''!R/!': emane that the r#tes be reoene. -he hea of #n#t#at#on r#tes #n#t#ally refuse. $on the #ns#sten&e of 6IN an I''!R/!', I''!R /!', howev however, er, he reo reoene ene the #n#t# #n#t#at#on at#on r#tes. -he frate fratern#t rn#ty y memb members, ers, #n&l #n&lu#n u#n( ( 6IN an I''!R/!', then sub*e&te the neohytes to ;al#n(; an to a#t#onal rouns of hys#&al a#n. '/NN re&e#ve several ale blows, one of wh#&h was so stron( #t sent h#m srawl#n( to the (roun. -he neohytes hear h#m &omla#n#n( of #ntense a#n an #<&ulty #n breath#n(. !fter the#r last sess#on of hys#&al beat#n(s, '/NN &oul no lon(er wal=. >e ha to be &arr#e by the au?#l#ar#es to the &arort. !(a#n, the #n#t#at#on for the ay was o<&#ally ene, an the neohytes starte eat#n( #nner. -hey then slet at the &arort. !ft fter er an hou hourr of sle slee, e, the neo neohy hytes tes wer were e su suen enly ly ro rous use e by '/N '/NN@ N@s s sh# sh#ver ver#n( #n( an #n&oherent mumbl#n(s. In#t#ally, I''!R/!' an 6IN #sm#sse these rumbl#n(s, as they thou(ht he was *ust overa&t#n(. Ahen they real#7e, thou(h, that '/NN was really feel#n( &ol, some of the !+u#lans starte hel#n( h#m. -hey remove h#s &lothes an hele h#m throu( thr ou(h h a sl slee ee#n( #n( ba( to =ee h#m warm. Ahe Ahen n h#s &on#t# &on#t#on on wor worse sene ne,, the !+ !+u#l u#lans ans rushe h#m to the hos#tal. '/NN was ronoun&e ea on arr#val. Br#m#nal &ase was )le a(a#nst 2C fratern#ty members. -he tr#al &ourt foun the 2C a&&us a&&use e (u#lty (u#lty beyon beyon reaso reasonab nable le oubt oubt of the &r#me &r#me of hom#&# hom#&#e, e, an enal# enal#7e 7e w#th w#th re&lu re&lus#o s#on n eret eretua. ua. >oweve >owever, r, B! mo#)e mo#)e the &r#m#n &r#m#nal al l#ab# l#ab#l#t l#ty y of ea&h ea&h of the a&&use a&&use a&&or#n( to #n#v#ual art#&#at#on. N#neteen of the a&&use were a&+u#tte, four of the a&&use were foun (u#lty of sl#(ht hys#&al #n*ur#es, an two of the a&&use 6IN an I''!R/!': were foun (u#lty beyon reasonable oubt of the &r#me of hom#&#e. !&&use I''!R/!' et#t#one for Rev#ew on Bert#orar# uner Rule D5 on the (rouns that the B! alle(ely &omm#tte two revers#ble errorsE )rst, en#al of ue ro&ess an, se&on, &onv#&t#on absent roof beyon reasonable oubt. Ah#le et#t#on was en#n(, et#t#oner I''!R/!' #e on "ar&h 1, 2011. Bounsel for the et#t#oner )le a Not#&e of 6eath of Harty on 10 !u(ust 2011. ISSUE$ 1. Ahether Ahether or not &r#m#nal l#ab#l l#ab#l#ty #ty for ersonal ersonal enalt#es enalt#es of the a&&use a&&use #s e?t#n(u e?t#n(u#she #she by eath. %EL&$ Yes, criminal liability of the accused VILLAREAL is extinguished by death.
2016 Criminal Law UST Golden Notes -he Bourt too= note of &ounsel for et#t#oner@s Not#&e of 6eath of Harty when the same was )le wh#le the et#t#on was en#n( resolut#on. !&&or#n( to !rt#&le 891: of the Rev#se Henal Boe, &r#m#nal l#ab#l#ty for ersonal enalt#es #s totally e?t#n(u#she by the eath of the &onv#&t. In &ontrast, &r#m#nal l#ab#l#ty for e&un#ary enalt#es #s e?t#n(u#she #f the oener #es r#or to )nal *u(ment. Hersonal enalt#es refer to the serv#&e of ersonal or #mr#sonment enalt#es, wh#le e&un#ary enalt#es refers to )nes an &osts, #n&lu#n( &#v#l l#ab#l#ty re#&ate on the &r#m#nal oense &omla#ne of. >owever, &#v#l l#ab#l#ty base on a sour&e of obl#(at#on other than the delict surv#ves the eath of the a&&use an #s re&overable throu(h a searate &#v#l a&t#on. -herefore, the eath of et#t#oner I''!R/!' e?t#n(u#she h#s &r#m#nal l#ab#l#ty for both ersonal an e&un#ary enalt#es, #n&lu#n( h#s &#v#l l#ab#l#ty #re&tly ar#s#n( from the delict &omla#ne of. Bonse+uently, h#s et#t#on #s hereby #sm#sse, an the &r#m#nal &ase a(a#nst h#m eeme &lose an term#nate.
2016 Criminal Law UST Golden Notes SU''AR( #R'AT )$ %even freshmen law stuents of !teneo e "an#la $n#vers#ty s#(n#)e the#r #ntent#on to *o#n the !+u#la 'e(#s fratern#ty. -he r#tes were s&heule to last ays. -hey were #nforme that there w#ll be hys#&al beat#n(s an that the neohytes &an +u#t anyt#me they want. -hey were then sub*e&te to tra#t#onal !+u#lan #n#t#at#on r#tes. n the se&on ay, a&&use fratern#ty members, 6#7on an I''!R/!', as=e the hea of the #n#t#at#on r#tes to reoen the #n#t#at#on. -hus, fratern#ty members a(a#n sub*e&te the neohytes to al#n( an a#t#onal hours of hys#&al a#n. !fter the last sess#on of beat#n(s, neohyte '/NN I''! &oul not wal=. Ahen they were alreay slee#n(, the neohytes were rouse by '/NN@s sh#ver#n( an mumbl#n(s. >e was brou(ht to the hos#tal but was ronoun&e ea on arr#val. 6#7on an I''!R/!' were foun (u#lty beyon reasonable oubt of the &r#me of hom#&#e by the tr#al &ourt an the B!. !&&use I''!R/!' et#t#one for rev#ew on Bert#orar# uner Rule D5. Ah#le et#t#on was en#n( before the Bourt, I''!R/!' #e on "ar&h 1, 2011 an h#s &ounsel )le a Not#&e of 6eath of Harty on !u(ust 10, 2011. Is &r#m#nal l#ab#l#ty for ersonal enalt#es of I''!R/!' e?t#n(u#she by h#s eathJ A$ es, &r#m#nal l#ab#l#ty of I''!R/!' #s e?t#n(u#she by eath. >#s eath e?t#n(u#she both ersonal an e&un#ary enalt#es #n&lu#n( h#s &#v#l l#ab#l#ty. -he Bourt too= note of &ounsel for et#t#oner@s Not#&e of 6eath wh#&h was )le wh#le the et#t#on was en#n( resolut#on. Hersonal enalt#es refer to the serv#&e of ersonal or #mr#sonment enalt#es, wh#le e&un#ary enalt#es refer to )nes, &osts, &#v#l l#ab#l#ty.
!rt#&le 891: of the Rev#se Henal Boe states that the &r#m#nal l#ab#l#ty of a &onv#&t for ersonal enalt#es #s totally e?t#n(u#she by eath of the &onv#&t. >#s e&un#ary enalty has been e?t#n(u#she s#n&e the eath of the a&&use haene before h#s )nal *u(ment. -hus, the en#n( et#t#on was also #sm#sse an the &r#m#nal &ase a(a#nst h#m has been &lose an term#nate. *Villareal +. Peo,le! G.R. No. 1-12-! #e/rar 1! 201 2
