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YOUR COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE FOR UNDERSTANDI UNDERSTANDING NG OKL AHOMA’S
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Weather IN THE OKLAHOMA CLASSROOM
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A G UI U I D E F O R U N DE D E R ST S T A ND N D I NG N G YO Y O U R W E AT AT H ER ER
Weather
IN THE OKLAHOMA CLASSROOM
SECTION 1 4 Introduction to Basic Weather Understanding 6 Layers of th the At Atmosphere 7 Water Cycle 9 Basic Air Pressure SECTION 2 12 Weather Patterns 13 Weather Va Variables 15 Precipitation 19 Seasons SECTION 3 32 Why the Wind Blows 33 High/Low Pressure 36 Air Density 37 Tornadoes Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. 41 Hurricanes
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GARY ENGLAND
A recipi numerou honors in i Emmys Silver Ci by the National Academy Television Arts & Scienc Division, Gary England i top rated television meteo Gary is a graduate of of Oklahoma with a Bach Science degree in mathem meteorology. meteorology. He is an int recognized authority in se and holds the distinction person who implemented Enterprise Electronics, th first commercial Doppler 1981, Gary became the f history to use Doppler ra warnings to the public. T Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title four books and the subje is also a popular pu NotGary useful Useful Cancel anytime.Besides appearing in the Spielberg movie, "TWIS become a much sought af
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BASIC UNDERSTANDING
Intro to Basic Weathe Understanding LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE WATER CYCLE BASIC AIR PRESSURE
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BASIC UNDERSTANDING
Weather…The Basics TO BEST UNDERSTAND HOW THE WEATHER WORKS, YOU MUST FIRST UNDERSTAND HOW THE ATMOSPHERE (THE THIN LAYER OF AIR THAT SURROUNDS OUR PLANET) IS STRUCTURED. As we will see as we begin to study weather more in detail, the sun is the driving force behind all of our weather. If the sun were to go away suddenly, we would not be able to live on our planet and the weather as we know it would cease. Look over the diagram on the next page and note how the atmospheric temperature temperature changes as you go up. Notice that the atmosphere extends over 80 miles up from the surface, but very little air is found once you go up just a few miles up. The air gradually thins out so much that eventually you are in outer space, where there are no air Specialmolecules. offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
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BASIC UNDERSTANDING
Layers of the Atmosphe E R E H P S O M R E H T
SHUTTLES
MESOPAUSE
E R E H P S O S E M
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BASIC UNDERSTANDING
The Water Cycle
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BASIC UNDERSTANDING
Layers of the Atmosphere and the Water Cycle REVIEW 1
In what layer ay er of the atmos tm osph pher ere e do the th e temp te mper era ature tu res s get ge t the warme ar mest st? ? ___________________________
2
What layer of the atmosphere is closest to the ground? ________________________________________________
3 As water evaporates from the surface and begins to lift up into cooler air, what process happe
turns that moisture into clouds?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4
When water wate r does not runoff run off into int o lakes lak es and rivers, riv ers, it soaks soak s into int o the soil into int o what we call ___
5
When the clouds grow in size, they produce _________________________ _________________________ which brings moistu air back down to the ground.
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to the temperatures as you go up in height?
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BASIC UNDERSTANDING
Understanding Air Pressu AIR PRESSURE IS THE WEIGHT OF AIR ON AN OBJECT. That means you are adding up all of the air molecules on top of something. If you are standing on the beach (at sea level) there is approximately 14.7 lbs. of air sitting on top of every inch of your body. That means on top of your head there is over 400 lbs. of air! Size of your head* is approximately 30 square inches Weight of air at sea level is 14.7 lbs per square inch. (30x 14.7 = 441 lbs on top of your head!) Consider the clustering of air molecules near the surface of the Earth. They are pulled down by gravity. As you go up in the atmosphere, the air is thinner and fewer molecules are present.
T H G I E H H T I W R E N N I H T S E M O C E B R I A
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* Average size of a child’s head at age 10.
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WEATHER PATTERNS
Weather Patterns WEATHER VARIABLES PRECIPITATION SEASONS
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TEMPERATURE
What is Temperature? TEMPERATURE IS THE WAY WE MEASURE THE AMOUNT AM OUNT OF HEAT WE CAN FEEL. Actually, FEEL. Actually, temperature is a measure of the speed of tiny particles in the air. Everything is made up of very tiny objects called molecules. These molecules move around. The hotter it is, the faster they move, and the higher the temperature. So, temperature is really just a measure of how fast these little molecules are moving around. The amazing thing is, temperature not only is a measure of how fast molecules are moving, it also relates to how we feel.
As the temperature gets colder and colder, the molecules move slower and slower. In theory, at some point the molecules stop moving altogether. It cannot get any colder than this. This temperature is known as absolute zero. Although the word “zero” is used, the temperature in Fahrenheit (F) is -459°F and in Celsius is –273°C.
How Can You Measure Temperature?
We use a thermometer to measure temperatur several different types of thermometers. Some glass and mercury, others are digital, while oth a dial. How can all of these measure temper everything reacts to temperature changes. Whe outside, your body can sense it. Also, when metal expands. Mercury, a liquid metal, does When it gets cold outside, your body can feel i freeze, metal contracts and so does mercury. So many different types of material can be used in a thermometer to measure its reaction to temperature. Since these different materials react to hot and cold air, we can measure the changes in them and figure out the temperature! temperature! That is how a thermometer works. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title
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EXPERIMENT: (Note to teachers: although many filled-glass thermometers are filled with mercury, we strongly recommend to not use mercury thermometers in
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CLOUDS
What are Clouds?
YOU SEE THEM ALL OF THE TIME—UP IN THE SKY. Sometimes they are flat. Sometimes they are puffy. Sometimes they are white. Sometimes they are gray. Sometimes they are big and tall. They are clouds. Clouds are made up of water droplets or ice crystals. They appear to hang in the sky, sky, but they are actually just resting on the air below them.
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also made up of water. Not liquid water, but water
Types of clouds
CUMULUS They are white, puffy clouds that are oft the bottom. They are usually found weather is nice.
STRATUS Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title These are low, thick, flat, grayish clo Useful Not useful Cancel usually cover theanytime. whole sky. These clo are found on cool days and make it truly
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CLOUDS
Identifying Clouds
Try to identify the following clouds by the definitions given on the previous p Write your answers below each picture.
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EXPERIMENT MAKING A CLOUD
Making a Cloud MATERIALS
1 large, large-mouthed glass jar 1 rubber band
DIRECTIONS
Tape the black paper to the outside of the jar s covers half of the jar. You You should be able abl e to look side of the jar and see the black paper on the (Make sure the paper does not touch the botto
1 piece of nylon (to cover jar mouth) 1
Put two cups of hot water into the jar.
2
Make certain that the water is hot enough t air inside the jar very hot and humid.
3
Place nylon over mouth of jar and secure with the
4
Place ice cubes on top of the nylon and wat develop right below the nylon inside the jar (You may need to peel back the nylon to le cloud “escape” to see better.) better.)
2 cups of warm water 5 ice cubes 1 piece of black paper Tape
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rubber band. In that form, you would place th top of the aluminum pie plate.
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R AI A I N, N , S LE L E ET E T, A ND N D S NO NO W
The Sky is Falling! WHENEVER A CLOUD IS FULL OF DROPLETS OR ICE CRYSTALS, THEY CAN GROW TO BECOME TOO LARGE TO REMAIN IN THE CLOUD. They start growing by sticking to a dust particle or a small piece of suspended material in the air. air. More and more droplets or crystals stick to it until it is too heavy to remain in the cloud and the droplet or collection of crystals begins to fall. This is called precipitation. If the precipitation that falls is a large droplet (water), then it is called rain. Water freezes at 0°C (32°F). So, if the air in the cloud is very cold, then a large collection of ice crystals may form into a flake and fall as snow. There are several other types of precipitation, as well. If a raindrop falls from a warm cloud through some very cold air and it freezes, then it becomes sleet. Sleet is a raindrop that froze on the way down to the ground and hits the ground in the form of an ice pellet. Another type of precipitation is freezing rain. Freezing rain is a raindrop that is just about to freeze on the fall to the ground. It looks like rain, but coats everything it hits in ice. It can form an icy glaze on roads, cars, trees, etc.
REVIEW
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What season would you most likely find freezing rain sleet and snow?
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K I N G A R A IN I N G A UG UG E E X P E R I M E N T M A KI
Making a Rain Gauge
Rain clouds are made of droplets of water so small that there are billions of them in a single cloud rain falls during a shower, or during a day, week, or month? You can find out by measuring it with a
MATERIALS
1 straight-side clear plastic container (curved sides would skew the rain totals)
scissors clear cellophane or plastic sandwich bag tape rainy days graph paper plain paper
DIRECTIONS
1 Using the ruler and paper, make markings on t that it becomes a ruler. You can make it increments you wish. Divide it up by inch, quarters, and even smaller if you want to. 2 Once you have the ruler made, cut it out.
3 Cover the ruler with clear cellophane, front an will protect it from the rain, and make it sturdy ruler can stand straight.
4 Stand the ruler inside the container so th rests on the bottom of the container. Tape it at the inside of the jar, so that the ruler does not Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title 5 Place your rainUseful gauge outside, and measure th Not useful Cancel anytime. rainfall that occurs each day. day. Place the rain ga place away from trees and buildings, as this m amounts. Also, you may wish to glue the jar t
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SEASONS
Understanding Season
IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE SEASONS, YOU NEED TO FIRST UNDERSTAND HOW T REVOLVES AROUND THE SUN ONCE PER YEAR. Look at the picture below showing the Earth positions in space during the year. In this graphic, the thick, solid line shows you where the north and south poles are. Notice that the Earth is tilted, that is to say that it does not have the North Pole at the very top and the Dec. 21st South Pole at the very bottom. The Earth revolves around the sun once each year. Near December 21st, the South Pole is facing toward the sun and the North Pole is facing away from the sun. This gives the Hemisphere (where we SpecialNorthern offer for students: Only $4.99/month. live) shorter days and less direct
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SEASONS
What to Expect in Oklahom
Read the following descriptions of what to expect with each season in Oklaho
WINTER • Days are are short, nights nights are long long
FALL • Days and nights are equal the beginning of Fall
• Sun is lower lower in the the sky
• Days get graduall gradually y shorte the season
• Sun is direc directly tly over over the Southern Hemisphere
• Sun is directly directly over over the the first day of Fall
• Temperatures are colder colder • Rain, ice or snow snow can can fall • Temperatures change often often
• Leaves Leaves begin to change change c fall from the trees
• Most trees trees have have no leaves on them them
• Temperatures emperatures gradually c
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SPRING • Days and nights are equal length at
• Rain and and thunderst thunderstorms orms occassionally occur
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SUMMER Days are are long, nights nights are
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QUESTIONS SEASONS
Questions about the Seaso Use the previous pages on the seasons to answer the following questions: 1
What would the season be on April 20th? ________________________________________________________________
2
On the th e fir f irst st day of which whi ch season sea son is the th e sun s un direct dir ectly ly overh ove rhead ead the Northe Nor thern rn Hemis Hem isphe phere? re? _
3
In which season would you expect to see the most sleet? __________________________________________
4
What season are the days the longest? ____________________________________________________________________
5
Complete the following picture by shading the side of Earth that would be dark. From this d figure out which season it is.
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HUMIDITY
What is Humidity? WATER IS PLENTIFUL ON EARTH.. It covers nearly twoEARTH thirds of the surface of our planet. But water is also commonly found in large quantities in the air. You can see the effect of the suspended water droplets in the atmosphere. Rainbows, clouds, hazy skies, and even fog are all ways we can visibly see the water droplets suspended in the air. However, even when it seems as though we cannot see the water in the air, it is still there. Sometimes there is little water present and the air is dry. At other times there is a lot of water in the atmosphere and we say that it is humid. These are ways to describe the humidity. Humidity is often misunderstood. Relative humidity is different for every temperature. Why? Because relative humidity is a percentage showing how much water is in the air compared to how much water the air could hold at that temperature . So if the temperature changes, so does the relative humidity. Warm air can suspend more water than cold air. So, if the amount of water doesn’t change, then the relative humidity Specialwould offer for students: Only $4.99/month. go down when it gets warmer (because the air could hold more at that temperature) and the relative
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Keep in mind, since relative humidity is dependent on temperature, temperature, you cannot compare humidity from one place to another or from one time to another unless the temperatures are the same. For example, 100% humidity at 45 degrees actually has less water in the air than 75% humidity at 80 degrees. It may soun confusing, but we have another way help us compare humidities. Rememb that dew may form when the humidity 100% because the air cannot hold a more water. So, if you can figure out wh dew will form, then you know how mu water you have in the air. air. This iscalled t Read Free For 30 Days Sign up to vote on this dew point temperature. title
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To find the dew point you need to take the air you currently have and cool it
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EXPERIMENT MEASURING HUMIDITY
Measuring Humidity How you can measure the dew point. MATERIALS
a thin metal cup or a drinking glass
DIRECTIONS 1
Outside on a warm, humid day in the sprin summer, put a couple of inches of warm (a water in a cup.
2
Measure the temperature of the water. Now drops of ice cold water to your cup.
3
While you are adding water, keep stirring a measuring the temperature of the water.
4
Repeat this procedure by adding a small a cold water to the cup until you see a thin f form on the outside of the cup.
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Make a note of the temperature of the wat the ou as you see theFree water vapor form on Read Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title cup.
(not thermal)
thermometer ice water a large dropper (a measuring cup with a pour spout will do)
LESSON
What happened? As you added colder water to the warm water in the cup, the temperature of the water in the cup kept dropping. The sides of the cup got colder as the water inside got colder. The cup also chilled the air right next to it! When the Specialtemperature offer for students: Onlymetal $4.99/month. of the cup reached the dew point... The air just next to the cup was cooled
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E X P E R I M E N T DEMOSTRATING DEW AND FROST
Dew and Frost Demonstrating Frost & Dew in the Classroom
Recall that dew forms when the humidity reaches 100% and the atmosphere can no longer hold water. Some of the water is deposited on surfaces as dew. This happens when the temperatures a freezing. When the temperatures fall below freezing when the humidity hits 100%, something else
Instead of droplets of water forming on the grass and on car windshields, we see ice crystals fo surfaces. This is called frost.
MATERIALS
DIRECTIONS
2 metal cans
1
In one can, place several ice cubes.
rock salt
2
In a separate can place a mixture of ice cubes and rock salt.
ice cubes
3
Wait a few moments and notice what h appened to the two c
thermometer
REVIEW 1 Which of the cans had the frost form on the outs to ____________________________Read _Sign ________up ___Free ___ ____vote __For ______on __30 ___this ___Days ____title __________________ ____________
LESSON Master your semester with Scribd What done? & The Newhave York you Times SpecialThe offercan for students: with iceOnly and$4.99/month. salt will be colder.
The reason for this is saltwater has a
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E X P E R I M E N T RECORDING THE WEATHER
Recording the Weathe
Use the “Recording the Weather” DATA CHART to fill in the weather information for one week. DIRECTIONS 1
Pick a city in Oklahoma and log on to the Weather in the Classroom website. website. You can find the link for the website on the front cover of this booklet. You will then be able to select “Current Weather” for the following areas of the state: • Eastern Oklahoma • Central and Western Oklahoma
• Oklahoma Panhandle • Extreme Southeastern Oklahoma
Master your 2 Click on the semester city on the map with you haveScribd chosen to see the current conditions. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title & The NewtheYork Times Useful Not useful 3 Record temperature, wind direction, wind speed, air pressure, Special offer for students: Onlytype $4.99/month. current weather and relative humidity.
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E X P E R I M E N T RECORDING THE WEATHER
Weather Data Chart TEMPERATURE
WIND DIRECTION
WIND SPEED
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
AIR PRESSURE
Morning
MONDAY
Midday
Afternoon Morning TUESDAY
Midday Afternoon Morning
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E X P E R I M E N T RECORDING THE WEATHER
Information Page OBSERVATIONS MONDAY: Were there clouds today? ________________________________________________________________________________________ Was there any precipitation? _____________________________________________________________________________________ *Describe th t he we w eather fo f or th t he da d ay? ____________________________________________________________________________
TUESDAY: Were there clouds today? ________________________________________________________________________________________ Was there any precipitation? _____________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the weather for the day? ____________________________________________________________________________
WEDNESDAY: Were there clouds today? __________________________________________________________________
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Q U E S T I O N S RECORDING THE WEATHER
Question Sheet
After recording weather conditions for the week, look over the weather data y collected and answer the following questions: 1
What time of day did you notice the coolest temperatures? temperatures? a. Morning
2
c. Afternoon
b. Midday
c. Afternoon
What time of day did you notice the highest relative humidity? a. Morning
5
b. Midday
What time of day did you notice the lowest relative humidity? a. Morning
4
c. Afternoon
What time of day did you notice the highest temperatures? temperatures? a. Morning
3
b. Midday
b. Midday
c. Afternoon
If there was any precipitation precipitation during the week, what happened to the humidity during that tim
Master with Scribd youyour think thesemester humidity changed the way that it did? ____________________________________________________________________ ________________ Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title & The New York Times Useful Not useful 6 What was the strongest wind speed you recorded during the week? ___________________________________________________ Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
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E X P E R I M E N T MAPPING THE WEATHER
Mapping the Weather MATERIALS
DIRECTIONS
Colored pencils
Use the “Mapping the Weather” AREA MAP the following activities:
(dark blue, light blue, yellow, orange, green)
1 Write the temperatures on the map abov name.
Use the following temperatures for your mapping:
2 Draw temperature temperature contours for 35, 40, 45 (Temperature contours are lines that co temperatures. You may need to ask an adult complete this step.)
TULSA: 53
3
Color the area below 35 in dark blue.
MCALESTER: 51
4
Color the area between 35-40 in light blu
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E X P E R I M E N T MAPPING THE WEATHER
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N O T E S ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ ______________________
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WHY THE WIND BLOWS
Why the Wind Blows WEATHER VARIABLES PRECIPITATION SEASONS
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HIGH PRESSURE AND LOW PRESSURE
High Pressure & Low Pressu HIGH PRESSURE High pressure is seen on a weather map as a blue capital “H”. Since the pressure is high, air needs to move away from a high pressure. pressure. Near a high pressure, the winds are usually light and circulate clockwise away from the high. Because air is leaving the high pressure area, air from above comes down to replace the air that left. This sinking air keeps the skies mostly clear and free from clouds that could develop into showers or thunderstorms. High pressure is usually associated with nice weather.
LOW PRESSURE Low pressure is seen on a weather map as a red capital “L”. Since the pressure is low, low, air needs t it moves toward the low, but around it counterclockwise at the same time. Often the winds can be around a low pressure. Because the air is piling up at the low, some of the air is forced up. This ris becomes clouds and even produces rain. If the atmosphere is “unstable” then the rising air c thunderstorms. Low pressure is often associated with stormy weather.
In the picture below, the winds are shown around areas of high and low pressure at the surface.
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N O T E S ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ ______________________ _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________ ______________________ _______________________ ________________________ _______________________ ______________________
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HIGH PRESSURE AND LOW PRESSURE
The Effect of Friction
FRICTION IS A FORCE THAT ACTS TO SLOW DOWN THE MOVEMENT OF AN OBJECT. Ice h amount of friction, so walking across it is very slick, but sandpaper has a high friction and you co traction walking across sandpaper.
If there were no friction at the surface of a non-rotating Earth (no trees, no grass, no hills, etc) t would try to blow straight from high pressure to low pressure like this:
H
L
But there since the Earth is constantly rotating, the wind “turns” as the world turns. This is kn Coriolis force. So, when you have high and low pressure with a rotating Earth, but no friction, th blows like this:
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WHY THE WIND BLOWS
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Braving the Uncertainties of
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EXPERIMENT MAKING A BAROMETER
Making a Barometer Barometers Barometers are used to measure air pressure. Use the following directions to make your own barometer and measure changes in the air pressure.
Plast
Rubb
Coffe
MATERIALS
DIRECTIONS
Small coffee can
1 Take a small coffee can and cover it tightly with plastic wrap. Secure the plastic wrap with a rubber band around the can as shown above.
Plastic wrap Rubber band
Looking down at the c
Drinking straw Large index card LESSON
2 Tape a straw to the top of your plastic wrap cover with one end of the straw in the middle of the can’s cover and the other end slightly off the edge of the can. (see right)
Notice that when the air pressure is high, it pushes 3 Next place the can beside a Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title down on the plastic wrap large index card. Use this card toRead and the straw is tilted up. mark and label where the straw is Useful Not useful Cancel anytime. pointing on the card. Remember to the air pressure is SpecialWhen offer for students: Only $4.99/month. low, the plastic wrap lifts write down the day and time beside
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WHY THE WIND BLOWS
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Braving the Uncertainties of
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EXPERIMENT BALLOONS & AIR DENSITY
Balloons & Air Densit
In this experiment, you will see how air density changes when the temperatures temperatures change. Density is of the amount of mass (or amount of molecules) in a given volume. More simply, it is how compa thick a substance is. So what happens when air is heated and cooled? Does it become mo compact? Find out and see!
WARNING: In the following experiments, avoid getting the glass bottle too hot or too cold. Temperature Temperature extremes the bottle to break.
MATERIALS
DIRECTIONS
glass bottle
Experiment 1 1 Fill a large bowl with ice cold water. water. Set as
balloon large bowl
2
Fill the glass bottle with very warm to h This allows the bottle to get fairly warm, as
3
Empty the glass bottle and quickly cover th opening with a balloon. This traps in very inside the warm bottle.
water
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In Experiment 1, the air inside the bottle was
Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title
Now place the bottle upright useful in the bow Useful Not Cancel anytime. water. This will cool the air inside the bottle Observe what happens to the balloon.
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Braving the Uncertainties of
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TORNADOES
What are Tornadoes? TORNADOES CAN TAKE ON SEVERAL SIZES AND SHAPES AND SOMETIMES HAVE SEVERAL DIFFERENT NAMES. It is important to understand what different tornado-related words mean and how to use them. A tornado (sometimes called a twister or cyclone ) is an area of rapidly circulating winds that blow around a small, but intense, lowpressure area. Tornadoes usually extend from the base of a thunderstorm. A funnel cloud is similar to a tornado, but its circulation is in the air and has not reached the ground. At the point the circulation reaches the ground, a funnel cloud becomes a tornado.
cloud is semester A wall your a lowering out of the base of a thunderstorm (even lower than the bottom of th Master with Scribd Read Free Fordetect 30this Days Sign up to vote on title thunderstorm itself) which is rotating. Wall clouds are sometimes difficult to because of the ragged appearance. mostdangerous & The New York However, Times wall clouds are indicators oftheUseful Not useful part of th
base. is in this area that tornadoes develop. Specialthunderstorm offer for students: OnlyIt$4.99/month.
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