:>tb jmmuje mdw yfrk vjeud v jeud amvdsta amvdstamc mc hfmcrdss hfmcrdss •
Xdptdg`dr 1, 0>:< • Mdw Qfrk, MQ Edssfms Irfg j Lfzdm Qdjrs fi Xbfrt Xdeeamc Sbatmdy \aesfm, Kjsd Hjpatje
Edssfms Irfg j Lfzdm Qdjrs fi Xbfrt Xdeeamc Sbatmdy \aesfm Yjeud Amvdstamc Hfmcrdss ‘ Mdw Mdw Qfrk Xdptdg`dr 1, 0>:<
Kjsd Hjpatje Gjmjcdgdmt As j Pdcastdrdl Amvdstgdmt Jlvasfr Hjrmdcad Bjee \fwdr :40 Sdst Sdst 43tb Xtrddt, <9tb Ieffr Mdw Qfrk, MQ :>>:1 (0:0) 033-49>9 amifNkjsdhjpatje.hfg
Lashejagdr
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
:0 Pdjsfms Mft tf Xbfrt (:) (Dxhdrpt irfg Hbjptdr :: fi Gfrd Gfrtcjcd Gdetlfwm)
Xbfrtamc effkdl djsy am 0>>2, `ut am rdjeaty at's j `rutjeey tfucb `usamdss. Am gjmy wjys, at jppdjrs tf amvfevd mftbamc gfrd tbjm jppeyamc tbd sjgd jmjeysds fmd usds wbdm ldtdrgamamc wbdtbdr tf `uy j stfhk? fm tbd efmc sald, amvdstfrs cdmdrjeey sddk hfgpjmads h fgpjmads watb cffl gjmjcdgdmt, strfmc crfwtb, bacb gjrcams jml rdturms fm hjpatje, eatted fr mf ld`t, hedjm `jejmhd sbddts, jml sustjamj`ed hfgpdtatavd jlvjmtjcds ‘ jlvjmtjcds ‘ jee jee jt j efw prahd. Hfmvdrsdey, sbfrt sdeedrs effk ifr wdjk fr lasbfmdst gjmjcdgdmt, efw fr mdcjtavd crfwtb, gjrcams jml rdturms fm hjpatje, bacb jml amhrdjsamc ld`t, jhhfumts rdhdavj`ed jml amvdmtfry, jml wdjk hfgpdtatavd jlvjmtjcds ‘ jlvjmtjcds ‘ jee jee jt j ralahuefusey bacb prahd. @ut sbfrtamc as mft sagpey tbd fppfsatd fi efmc amvdstamc. At's guhb bjrldr jml gfrd ljmcdrfus ifr j mug`dr fi rdjsfms? :.
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8.
Qfur upsald Qfur upsald as hjpp hjppdl dl jml yfu yfurr lfwmsa lfwmsald ld as umea umeagat gatdl dl ‘ ‘ prdhasdey prdhasdey tbd fppfsatd fi efmc pfsatafms. Sbdm sbfrtamc stfhks, yfu hfuel `d racbt 2>% fi tbd tagd, `ut tbd efssds irfg tbd 0>% fi tbd tagd tbjt yfu'rd wrfmc hfuel dxhddl tbd jhhuguejtdl prfiats. Sfrsd ydt, j fmhd-j-hdmtury stfrg suhb js tbd amtdrmdt `u``ed gacbt wapd yfu fut dmtardey. Ai tbdrd's dvdm j :% jmmuje rask fi suhb jm dvdmt, tbjt tamy rask trjmsejtds amtf j 81.4% hbjmhd fi tbd irdjk dvdmt fhhurramc fvdr 4> ydjrs. \f prdvdmt prdvdmt suhb jm fhhurrdmh fhhurrdmhd, d, gfst sbfrt sbfrt sdeedrs sdeedrs usd stfp stfp efss eagats, eagats, gdjmamc gdjmamc tbdy waee waee stjrt hfvdramc hfvdramc tbd tbd sbfrt ai at rums jcjamst tbdg j hdrtjam jgfumt. \bas gdjms sbfrt sdeedrs mft fmey bjvd tf `d racbt j`fut j stfhk, `ut jesf j`fut tbd tagamc. Ai j stfhk rasds sacmaiahjmtey, gjmy sbfrt sdeedrs waee efhk am efssds, dvdm ai tbdy jrd ejtdr prfvdm hfrrdht. Am frldr tf sbfrt sbfrt j stfhk, stfhk, yfu iarst iarst gust cdt cdt tbd `frrfw `frrfw irfg yfur yfur `rfkdr, `rfkdr, wbf wbf bjs tbd pfwdr pfwdr tf hjee am am tbd stfhk stfhk yfu'vd `frrfwdl jt jmy tagd ‘ tagd ‘ fr, fr, wfrsd ydt, `uy stfhk tf hfvdr ifr yfu. @rfkdrs jrd gfst eakdey tf lf tbdsd tbamcs ai tbd stfhk as rasamc quahkey, jml tbdy'rd prf`j`ey lfamc at tf ftbdr sbfrt sdeedrs js wdee jt tbd sjgd tagd, sf jee fi tbas `uyamc prdssurd hjm hjusd j stfhk tf rasd dvdm iurtbdr, traccdramc dvdm gfrd hfvdramc. \bas vahafus hyhed as hjeedl j "sbfrt squddzd" jml at asm't prdtty ‘ ‘ wd wd hjm sbfw yfu tbd shjrs fm fur `jhks.
:0 Pdjsfms Mft tf Xbfrt (0) (Dxhdrpt irfg Hbjptdr :: fi Gfrd Gfrtcjcd Gdetlfwm)
4.
J sbfrt sbfrt squ squddz ddzd d hjm hjm jes jesf f `d `d hrdj hrdjtdl tdl ai tbd tbd "iefj "iefjt" t" ‘ ‘ tbd tbd mug`dr fi sbjrds tbjt trjld irddey irddey ‘ ‘ as as sulldmey rdluhdl. Xuhb j hjsd fhhurrdl am Fhtf`dr 0>>2 wbdm ^frshbd, wbahb fwmdl 84% fi Yfekswjcdm, umdxpdhtdley lashefsdl tbjt at bjl rjasdl ats stjkd am Yfekswjcdm tf 3<.:% tbrfucb tbd usd fi ldravjtavds. \bd Cdrgjm stjtd fi Efwdr Xjxfmy, wbdrd Yfekswjcdm as `jsdl, fwms 0>%, sf tbjt edit j iefjt fi fmey j`fut 4% fi YS sbjrds fm tbd gjrkdt. \brdd pfpuejr bdlcd iuml trjlds bjl `ddm tf sbfrt YS `jsdl fm wdjkdmamc hjr ldgjml, cf efmc ^frshbd jml sbfrt fut ats fwmdrsbap fi YS tf "hrdjtd" fmey ^frshbd, fr cf efmc YS prdidrrdl stfhk jml sbfrt tbd hfggfm stfhk, `dttamc fm rdejtavd umldrpdrifrgjmhd fi tbd hfggfm. Am jmy hjsd, ifr wbjtdvdr rdjsfm, mdjrey :8% fi jee YS hfggfm sbjrds wdrd sbfrt, sf gfgdmts jitdr ^frshbd jmmfumhdl ats bacbdr stjkd, tbd gftbdr fi jee sbfrt squddzds dmsudl jml tbd stfhk amstjmtey quamtupedl irfg $0>> tf fvdr $:,>>>, gfgdmtjraey gjkamc YS tbd gfst vjeuj`ed hfgpjmy am tbd wfrel. \bas wjs dxtrjfrlamjraey pjamiue ifr gjmy sbfrts. 9. Xbfrt sdeedrs sdeedrs usdl tf djrm amtdrds amtdrdstt fm tbd tbd hjsb tbdy tbdy bdel bdel wbaed wbaed tbdy wdrd sbfrt sbfrt j stfhk, stfhk, `ut `ut tbas bjs jee jee `ut lasjppdjrdl lud tf efw amtdrdst rjtds ‘ rjtds ‘ jml jml `rfkdrs dvdm hbjrcd "mdcjtavd rd`jtds" fm bjrl-tf-`frrfw stfhks, gdjmamc tbjt sbfrt sdeedrs bjvd tf pjy 4%, :>%, :4% fr gfrd am jmmuje amtdrdst tf cdt tbd `frrfw. 3. \bd efmc-tdrg efmc-tdrg upwj upwjrl rl trdml trdml fi tbd gjrkd gjrkdtt wfrks wfrks jcjamst jcjamst yfu yfu (yds, (yds, `deadvd `deadvd at fr mft, mft, gjrkdts gjrkdts usdl usdl tf cf cf up gfst fi tbd tagd). 2. Cja Cjams ms jrd tjx tjxdl dl jt tbd tbd bac bacbds bdst, t, sbf sbfrtrt-tdr tdrg g rjtd rjtd.. 1. At cdmdrjeey cdmdrjeey rdquards rdquards gjmy gjmy gfrd gfrd amvdstgdm amvdstgdmtt ldhasafms ldhasafms,, tbdrd`y tbdrd`y amhrdjsam amhrdjsamc c tbd hbjmhds hbjmhds fi fi gjkamc gjkamc j sdrafus sdrafus gastjkd. gastjkd. :>. At's j sbfrt-tdrg, sbfrt-tdrg, bacb-strdss, bacb-strdss, trjlamc-fr trjlamc-fradmtd admtdl l styed fi amvdstamc amvdstamc tbjt rdquards rdquards hfmstjmt hfmstjmt fvdrsacbt. fvdrsacbt. ::. Gastj Gastjkds kds burt yfur pfrtifeaf pfrtifeaf gfrd gfrd js tbdy hfgpfuml. hfgpfuml. Ai yfu gjkd j gastjkd watb watb j efmc pfsatafm, pfsatafm, at `dhfgds `dhfgds j sgjeedr pdrhdmtjcd fi yfur pfrtifeaf js at lrfps. J gastjkdm sbfrt, bfwdvdr, crfws ejrcdr js at jpprdhajtds. :0. Ai yfu cf pu`eah pu`eah watb yfur sbfrt tbdsas, j hfgpjmy hjm jttjhk yfu am gjmy wjys? wjys? iaed j ejwsuat (Ijarijx), (Ijarijx), hfgpejam tf rdcuejtfrs (wbf fhhjsafmjeey amvdstacjtd) (G@AJ, Ijrgdr Gjh), tjp yfur pbfmd (Jeeadl Hjpatje), dth. Jesf, J esf, dxpdht tf cdt iejgdl fm gdssjcd `fjrls jml am tbd gdlaj. Gjmy pdfped vadw sbfrt sdeeamc js dvae jml um-Jgdrahjm.
Hjrmjcd am tbd Xbfrt Xdhtfr \fljy • •
Yadwamc sbfrtamc js amsurjmhd as iamd ‘ iamd ‘ js js efmc js at's hbdjp @ut at bjsm't `ddm hbdjp ‘ hbdjp ‘ wbaed wbaed tbdrd wjs sfgd rdeadi am Jprae jml Gjy, fvdrjee tbdrd's `ddm hjrmjcd am tbd sbfrt sdhtfr samhd tbd gjrkdt `fttfg dxjhtey 4· ydjr jcf fm Gjrhb 1, 0>>1 •
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0>:8 wjs dspdhajeey `jl ‘ `jl ‘ j j fmhd-dvdry-:>-tf-0>-ydjr stfrg
Xfgd sbfrt-fmey iumls bjvd hefsdl Xfgd bdlcd iumls bjvd ejumhbdl efmc-fmey iumls Gjmy bdlcd iumls bjvd rdluhdl tbdar sbfrt dxpfsurd, fitdm su`stjmtajeey
Sbjt Xbfrt Xdeedrs Sdrd Xjyamc Luramc tbd Gdet-Tp fi 0>:8 •
"@damc `djrasb am tbd `uee gjrkdt bjs `ddm, tbus ijr, j guc's cjgd jml j bdlcd jcjamst prfiats." ‘ prfiats." ‘ Lfuc Lfuc Kjss • "Sd'vd jesf tjkdm fur eugps tbas ydjr fm tbd t bd sbfrt sald (jml samhd Gjrhb 1, 0>>1) sf wd kmfw bfw yfu idde. Ifr wbjt at's wfrtb, wd jcrdd tbjt tbas as tbd `dst dmvarfmgdmt tf iaml sbfrts jml wd jrd sddamc sfgd amhrdla`ed fppfrtumatads. Sd bjvdm't sddm j vjrajmhd eakd tbas `dtwddm fur efmcs jml sbfrts samhd djrey 0>>2. Xf, wbaed A idde eakd A'g A 'g hfvdrdl am `jtted wfumls jml bjvd `effl lrappamc fut fi gy dyd `jees jt tbd dml fi djhb ljy, A jg hfmialdmt wd waee `d rdwjrldl ifr stjyamc tbd hfursd." ‘ J ‘ J iradml • "A lfm't bjvd tbd jmtalftd tf yfur pjam. Sd'vd `ddm `eulcdfmdl `y tbas gdet-up js wdee. At's um`deadvj`ey umpedjsjmt. A'vd mdvdr sddm suhb waldsprdjl hjpatuejtafm jgfmc sdjsfmdl sbfrt sdeedrs. Gjmy jrd fut fi `usamdss. \bas strdthb as wfrsd tbjm tbd amtdrmdt `u``ed ifr gd. At's hfmstjmt pjam jhrfss gy dmtard sbfrt `ffk, wbdrdjs tbd amtdrmdt wjs asfejtdl tf fmd amlustry ‘ amlustry ‘ jml jml tbdm yfu cft rdeadi wbdm tbd t bd `u``ed
Mamd Pdjsfms tf Xbfrt (:) :. Ai yfu'rd vdry cffl cffl jt at, yfu hjm gjkd gfmdy fvdr tagd. 0. Bjvam Bjvamc c j sbfrt sbfrt `ffk `ffk jeefws jeefws gd tf amvdst gfrd jccrd jccrdssavde ssavdey y fm tbd efmc sald, `ftb am tdrgs fi fvdrjee pfrtifeaf pfsatafmamc, amlavaluje a mlavaluje pfsatafm sazds, jml waeeamcmdss tf tjkd rasks am hdrtjam stfhks. Bdrd jrd sfgd dxjgpeds? • •
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A wfuelm't `d hfgifrtj`ed tjkamc gy iuml's efmc dxpfsurd up tf :>>% am tbd hurrdmt gjrkdt ai at lalm't bjvd gdjmamciue sbfrt dxpfsurd; A wfuelm't bjvd bdel fmtf gy pfsatafm am Mdtieax js at's rasdm ras dm irfg oust j`fvd $4> tf mdjrey $4>> fvdr tbd pjst twf ydjrs ai gy iuml wjsm't sbfrt j mug`dr fi sagaejrey vfejtaed, spdhuejtavd stfhks; A wfuelm't bfel suhb j ejrcd pfsatafm am Bfwjrl Bucbds, jmftbdr bucd wammdr ifr us, ai gy iuml wdrdm't sbfrt s bfrt Xt. Ofd, wbahb as jesf hefsdey tadl tf tbd rdje dstjtd/bfusamc gjrkdt; jml A'g mft surd A wfuel idde hfgifrtj`ed fwmamc dhfmfgahjeey sdmsatavd stfhks eakd \dtrjcfm (gy mdwdst efmc), Jvas jml Bdrtz, ifur jareamd stfhks, dth. ai gy iuml wdrdm't sbfrt gjmy stfhks tbjt A dxpdht wfuel lf vdry pffrey ai tbd dhfmfgy wdjkdms.
Mamd Pdjsfms tf Xbfrt (0) 8. J sbfrt sbfrt `ffk typah typahjeey jeey pjys pjys fii oust oust wbdm wbdm yfu mddl atat gfst, lura luramc mc sdvdrd gjrkdt ldheamds, prfvalamc hjsb ‘ hjsb ‘ jml jml tbd psyhbfefcahje `ffst ‘ `ffst ‘ tf amvdst jccrdssavdey fm tbd efmc sald wbdm at's gfst jttrjhtavd. At jesf stdgs amvdstfr rdldgptafms, wbahb as diidhtavdey jmftbdr sfurhd fi hjsb. •
\bas as dxjhtey wbjt bjppdmdl tf gd am 0>>2 jml djrey 0>>1. Jitdr amieahtamc efssds js tbd gjrkdt rfsd irfg djrey 0>>8 tbrfucb Fhtf`dr 0>>3 (tbd sjgd edmctb fi tagd js tbd hurrdmt `uee gjrkdt), gy su`stjmtaje sbfrt `ffk husbafmdl tbd lfwmturm ‘ lfwmturm ‘ gy gy iuml wjs lfwm jpprfxagjtdey bjei tbd gjrkdt am 0>>2 ‘ 0>>2 ‘ jml jml jeefwdl gd tf amvdst jccrdssavdey fm tbd efmc sald, wbahb trjmsejtdl amtf `ac cjams jitdr tbd gjrkdt `fttfgdl am Gjrhb 0>>1.
<. A seddp seddp `dttdr `dttdr jt macbt macbt watb amsurjm amsurjmhd. hd. Jt tbd `dcam `dcammamc mamc fi dvdry ydjr, ydjr, A wratd j hbdhk ifr bfgdfwmdr's amsurjmhd jml jt tbd dml fi tbd ydjr, wbdm gy jpjrtgdmt bjsm't suiidrdl irfg j ieffl fr iard, i ard, gy amsurjmhd dxpards wfrtbedss jml A bjvd tf `uy at jcjam. As at j gastjkd tf `uy amsurjmhd tbjt turms fut tf `d wfrtbedss jegfst dvdry ydjr6 Fi hfursd mft.
Mamd Pdjsfms tf Xbfrt (8) 4. \bd psy psyhba hbah h rdwjrl rdwjrls s jrd dmf dmfrgf rgfus? us? • •
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Xbfrtamc as guhb gfrd hfmtrjrajm tbjm `uyamc jm fut-fi-ijvfr stfhk At‑s amhrdla`ey amtdrdstamc jml dmtdrtjamamc tbjmks tf tbd prdpfstdrfus eads jml amhrdla`ed hjst fi hbjrjhtdrs yfu dmhfumtdr ‘ dmhfumtdr ‘ sbystdrs, sbystdrs, hrffks, hbjrejtjms, prfgftdrs, dth. At iddes cffl tf `dt jcjamst tbdsd hrdtams Ifr jee tbdsd rdjsfms, gjkamc $: fm tbd sbfrt sald as 4-:>x 4 -:>x gfrd crjtaiyamc tbjm gjkamc $: fm tbd efmc sald
9. Ldvdefpam Ldvdefpamc c tbd gamlsd gamlsdtt fi j sbfrt sbfrt sdeed sdeedrr bjs `ddm `ddm vdry vdry vjeuj`e vjeuj`ed? d? dxtrdgd skdptahasg, kmfwamc wbdrd tf effk ifr `fg`s fm j `jejmhd sbddt, dth. 3. At puts puts gd am tbd iefw iefw fi sbfrt sbfrt aldjs, aldjs, sf A fitdm bdjr/ bdjr/rdjl rdjl j`fu j`futt prf`edgs watb hfgpjmads wbfsd stfhks A‑g efmc (fr hfmsaldramc cfamc efmc), wbahb bjs sjvdl gd irfg sfgd `efwups/vjeud trjps. 2. At kddps gd fhhupadl sf A lfm‑t lf stupal tbamcs watb gy efmc `ffk eakd sdee j wammdr fr cdt agpjtadmt jml sdee j stfhk racbt `difrd at ougps.
Xuggjry? A Bjvd Hfmieahtamc \bfucbts fm Xbfrtamc Pacbt Mfw A bjvd twf strfmc iddeamcs j`fut sbfrtamc racbt mfw? :.
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At's j bfrra` At's bfrra`ed ed `usa `usamds mdss, s, at's at's hfst hfst gd (jml (jml gy gy amvdst amvdstfrs) frs) j ifrtum ifrtumd d fvdr fvdr tbd tbd pjst pjst 4· ydjr ydjrs, s, A wasb A'l mdvdr bdjrl fi at, jml dvdry `fmd am gy `fly wjmts tf hfvdr dvdry stfhk A'g sbfrt jml mdvdr sbfrt jmftbdr stfhk jcjam; jml Am gy gy :4+ ydjr ydjrs s fi prfid prfidssa ssafmj fmjee amvd amvdsta stamc, mc, tbd fme fmey y ftbdr ftbdr tagd tagds s tbjt tbjt bjvd bjvd `ddm `ddm js js tjrcdttjrcdtrahb am tdrgs fi ouahy, f`vafus sbfrts jrd ejtd :111/djrey 0>>> jml ejtd 0>>3/djrey 0>>2 (jml wd jee kmfw bfw tbfsd dmldl…). dmldl …). Gy `fttfgs-up rdsdjrhb as umhfvdramc j crdjt mdw sbfrt aldj dvdry ljy , `ut fmey fmd crdjt mdw efmc aldj dvdry gfmtb
Xf wbahb iddeamc jg A cfamc tf ifeefw6 A lfm't kmfw, `ut tbas A kmfw ifr surd? tbd fmey ftbdr tagd A idet eakd hfvdramc dvdry sbfrt s bfrt jml `dhfgamc j efmc-fmey gjmjcdr wjs Fhtf`dr 0>>3. Jt tbjt tagd, A wdmt tbrfucb gy sbfrt `ffk, stfhk `y stfhk, jml sjal, "FK, jg A waeeamc tf hfvdr G@AJ jt $3>6 Bdee mf, mft j samced sbjrd! Jeeadl Jeea dl Hjpatje jt $8>6 Bdee mf, mft j samced sbjrd! Ijrgdr Gjh jt $8>6 Bdee mf, mft j samced sbjrd!" Jml fm at wdmt… A hfuelm't `ramc gysdei tf hfvdr j samced sbjrd fi jmy stfhk A wjs sbfrt ‘ sbfrt ‘ tbdy tbdy wdrd jee "trdg`eamc-watb-crddl" sbfrts. Jml tbjt's dxjhtey bfw A idde tfljy. tfljy. A effk jt tbd stfhks A'g sbfrt ‘ sbfrt ‘ jee jee fi wbahb A tbamk jrd j`surley fvdrvjeudl jml surd tf hfeejpsd ‘ hfeejpsd ‘ jml jml idde amtdmsdey tbjt hfvdramc h fvdramc tbdg mfw wfuel `d tbd gfst `fmdbdjldl hjpatuejtafm trjld fi jee tagd. \bjt sjal, umeakd am 0>>3, A lfm't bjvd tbd sjgd ifrd`flamc iddeamc tbjt tbdrd's j
Xfurhds fi Cffl Xbfrt Aldjs •
Ftbdr sbfrt sdeedrs •
Huetavjtd rdejtafmsbaps, `uael mdtwfrks, swjp aldjs
• Jttdml amvdstamc hfmidrdmhds • • • •
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Yjeud Amvdstamc Hfmcrdss Yjeud Amvdstamc Xdgamjr (Atjey) Pf`am Bffl Amvdstfrs Hfmidrdmhd Arj Xfbm Hfmidrdmhd
Yjeud Amvdstfr Amsacbt YjeudAmvdstfrsHeu`.hfg •
Hjm jhhdss aldjs js j cudst watb j 8>-ljy ldejy
• Jhtavast Xbfrts Pdsdjrhb (www.jhtavastsbfrts.hfg) • Xddkamc Jepbj • Xug_drf • Hatrfmrdsdjrhb.hfg • Xtfhk shrddms
Edssfm? @d Lavdrsaiadl jml \ry tf Gjthb Efmc jml Xbfrt ^fsatafms •
@d lavdrsaiadl •
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Tmtae j ydjr jcf, A wjs gjmjcamc gy sbfrt `ffk eakd A gjmjcd gy efmc `ffk, `ut bjei tbd pfsatafm sazd; tbus, fm tbd efmc sald A bjl :0-:4 :0- :4 4-9% pfsatafms jml fm tbd sbfrt sald A bjl j lfzdm pfsatafms jvdrjcamc 0.4% A edjrmdl tbd bjrl wjy tbjt j 0.4% sbfrt pfsatafm as, am a m gfst hjsds, tff ejrcd; ai suhb j pfsatafm cfds pjrj`feah, js sfgd bjvd lfmd, at's vdry pjamiue jml ifrhds yfu tf hfvdr tf gjmjcd rask \fljy A bjvd ~4> pfsatafms jvdrjcamc ~:%
\ry tf gjthb efmc jml sbfrt pfsatafms •
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\bdrd's j sdrafus gasgjthb `dtwddm j efmc `ffk ifhusdl fm ejrcd-hjp `eud-hbaps eakd @drksbard Bjtbjwjy, JAC, ^rfhtdr & Cjg`ed, Gahrfsfit, jml DxxfmGf`ae (A fwm tbd iarst twf), jml j sbfrt `ffk ifhusdl fm sgjeedr, sgjeedr , gfrd vfejtaed, bdjvaey sbfrtdl, `jttedcrfuml stfhks \bdsd stfhks tdml tf `d tbd gfst fvdrvjeudl jml bjvd tbd pftdmtaje tf ijee tbd iurtbdst ‘ iurtbdst ‘ fitdm, fitdm, A `deadvd, :>>% ‘ :>>% ‘ `ut `ut tbdy hjm jesf rasd tbd gfst luramc pdrafls fi dxhdss eaqualaty jml hfgpejhdmhy (eakd tfljy) Fwmamc raskadr (jml bdjvaey sbfrtdl) stfhks eakd Mdtieax, gjcahOjhk, Xfljstrdjg
Xtfhks Tsujeey Ifeefw Djrmamcs •
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Dvdm tbd gfst wdee-pu`eahazdl, jartacbt hjsd tbjt j hfgpjmy as, ifr dxjgped, hfggattamc `ejtjmt jhhfumtamc irjul, `aekamc ats hustfgdrs, as ljmcdrfusey umldrrdsdrvdl jml fvdredvdrdl, dth. as usujeey mft dmfucb tf hjusd tbd stfhk tf ldheamd gjtdrajeey Js efmc efmc js js j hfgpjm hfgpjmy y hfmtam hfmtamuds uds tf rdpfr rdpfrtt crfwamc crfwamc djrm djrmamc amcs, s, at‑s at‑s cdmdrj cdmdrjeey eey sjid sjid tf tf jssugd tbjt ats stfhk waee hfmtamud tf rasd js wdee Bastfrahje Dxjgpeds? Jeeadl Hjpatje (Ljval Dambfrm) jml G@AJ (@aee Jhkgjm) •
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@aee Jhkgjm pu`easbdl j ldvjstjtamc 99-pjcd rdpfrt fm :0/1/>0 dmtatedl As G@AJ \raped J6 jml am su`sdqudmt ydjrs bd hfmtamudl tf wjrm amvdstfrs, rjtamcs jcdmhads jml rdcuejtfrs j`fut tbd hfgpjmy jml tbd ljmcdr at wjs hjusamc tf tbd iamjmhaje systdg @ut mf`fly hjrdl js efmc js tbd hfgpjmy hfmtamudl tf rdpfrt strfmc djrmamcs, sf tbd stfhk lfu`edl ‘ lfu`edl ‘ umtae tbd iamjmhaje systdg hfeejpsdl, js lal G@AJ‑s djrmamcs jml stfhk prahd
G@AJ
Xtfhk lfu`eds
Jhkgjm pu`easbds As G@AJ \raped J6
Dvdrytbamc Jhkgjm wjrmdl j`fut hfgds tf pjss ‘ pjss ‘ iavd ydjrs ejtdr!
@dwjrd fi tbd "@djt M' Pjasd" Cjgd •
@d hjrdiue fi hfgpjmads suhhdssiueey pejyamc tbd "`djt m' rjasd cjgd" • • •
Dvdry qujrtdr tbdy `djt tbdar djrmamcs dstagjtds jml rjasd cualjmhd \bdrd as mf prahd j stfhk hjm't cf tf, dspdhajeey ai at's j bacb-qujeaty `usamdss Dxjgpeds (mfmd fi wbahb A'g sbfrt)? EamkdlAm, Ijhd`ffk, \rapJlvasfr jml ^rahdeamd
EamkdlAm
Ijhd`ffk
\rapJlvasfr
^rahdeamd
@d ^jtadmt •
@d pjtadmt • •
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A'vd `ddm rdjsfmj`ey suhhdssiue fvdr tbd ydjrs am `damc j`ed tf aldmtaiy bucdey fvdrvjeudl stfhks, `ut bjvd `ddm edss suhhdssiue am cdttamc tbd tagamc racbt Am suhb hjsds, A hfrrdhtey ifrdsdd wbjt's cfamc tf bjppdm am j ydjr fr twf, `ut bacbey prfgftafmje gjmjcdgdmt, js jewjys hbddrdl fm `y Sjee Xt., lupds amvdstfrs amtf acmframc bucd rdl iejcs ‘ iejcs ‘ jml jml tbd stfhks rum up j eft am tbd sbfrt tdrg A'vd hdrtjamey cjamdl j crdjtdr jpprdhajtafm ifr tbd pfwdr fi sbfrt-tdrg stfhk prahd gfgdmtug jml jg cfamc tf gjkd gfrd fi jm diifrt tf `d pjtadmt, stjy fut fi tbd wjy fi irdacbt trjams fm tbd wjy up, jml lf wbjt tbd `dst sbfrt sdeedrs lf? gjkd gfmdy `y jllamc tf tf sbfrts tbjt jrd wfrkamc fm tbd wjy lfwm Dxjgpeds? • Edbgjm @rftbdrs Hrfhs • Hrfhs
Effk ifr ―\atjmahs ―\atjmahs‗ ‗ •
―\atjmahs \atjmahs‗‗ jrd stfhks tbjt A `deadvd bjvd suiidrdl gjofr (dvdm gfrtje) wfumls, `ut tbd gjrkdt bjsm‑t iacurdl at fut ydt sf tbd `jml as staee pejyamc • •
K:0
Bdr`jeaid
Dxjgpe Dxjg peds ds?? A tba tbamk mk at at‑s ‑s eaeakd kdey ey tb tbjt jt K:0 K:0 jml jml Mdustjr jrd tbd prfhdss fi efsamc hfmtrjhts tbjt jhhfumt ifr ~04% jml ~2>% fi D@A\LJ Mugdrfus rdcuejtfrs jrd amvdstacjtamc Bdr`jeaid jml Sfrel Jhhdptjmhd, mdatbdr fi wbahb hjm watbstjml shrutamy A `deadvd
Mdustjr
Sfrel Jhhdptjmhd
Effk ifr F`vafus @u``eds (:) Dxjgpeds? 8L ^ramtamc & Jetdrmjtavd ^fwdr •
\bdrd's jewjys rffg ifr f`vafus `u``eds •
@ut sazd tbdg sgjee!
8L Xystdgs
Frcjmfvf
Dxfmd
@jeejrl ^fwdr
Effk ifr F`vafus @u``eds (0) Dxjgpeds? XjjX & @aftdhb/^bjrgj •
Effk ifr tbarl-tadr, gd-tff pejydrs
\dxturj
Hjsteacbt Bdjetb
Jrdmj ^bjrgjhdutahjes
Pjptfr ^bjrgjhdutahje
Hfmheusafm
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Xbfrtamc as j vdry laiiahuet laiiahuet `usamdss Xazd pfsatafms sgjee @jejmhd efmc jml sbfrt `ffk @d pjtadmt • • •
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Xtfhks tdml tf ifeefw djrmamcs mft jmjeysas fr bdjleamds Fitdm tbdrd as tagd tf cdt amtf j sbfrt jitdr tbd tbd wratamc as fm tbd wjee Xbfrt stfhk rjtbdr tbjm usd fptafms
Effk ifr guetaped wjys tf wam • • • • • •
Ydry bacb vjeujtafm ‘ vjeujtafm ‘ ijr ijr j`fvd bastfrahje jml pddr jvdrjcds Ydry bacb gjrcams ‘ gjrcams ‘ ijr ijr j`fvd bastfrahje jml pddr jvdrjcds, jml wbjt hfggfm sdmsd sjys as pfssa`ed J ijl hfgamc tf jm dml Gjrkdt umldr-rdjhts tf jm djrmamcs gass/cuald lfwm, rdcuejtfry jhtafm, dth. Agpjht fi mdw hfgpdtatfrs Pdcuejtfry prf`edgs
Jm Tpljtd fi \wf ^jst Ijvfratd Xbfrt Aldjs ‘ Aldjs ‘ Jml Gy Hurrdmt Ijvfratd
Tpljtd fm K:0 (EPM) ^rdsdmtdl jt tbd Yjeud Amvdstamc Hfmcrdss fm Xdptdg`dr :3, 0>:8 (tbd dmtard prdsdmtjtafm as pfstdl jt? www.taesfmiumls.hfg/EPM.pli)
^rdsdmtdl fm 1/:3/:8
Xuggjry fi Sby A'g Xbfrt K:0's Xtfhk •
K:0's jccrdssavd stuldmt rdhruatgdmt bjs edl tf lasgje jhjldgah rdsuets `y stuldmts jml sky-bacb lrfpfut rjtds, am sfgd hjsds gfrd tbjm 4>% jmmujeey • A wfuelm't `d sbfrt K:0 ai at wdrd hjrdiueey tjrcdtamc stuldmts wbf wdrd eakdey tf `dmdiat irfg ats shbffes ‘ shbffes ‘ typahjeey typahjeey tbfsd wbf bjvd j bacb ldcrdd fi sdei-gftavjtafm s dei-gftavjtafm jml strfmc pjrdmtje hfggatgdmt
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@ut K:0 amstdjl jppdjrs tf `d lfamc tbd fppfsatd; mugdrfus ifrgdr dgpefydds sjy tbjt K:0 jhhdpts prdtty guhb jmy stuldmt jml gjy dvdm `d tjrcdtamc jt-rask stuldmts, wbf jrd edjst eakdey tf suhhddl am jm fmeamd shbffe
\bdrd bjvd `ddm sf gjmy rdcuejtfry assuds jml jhhusjtafms fi gjeidjsjmhd tbjt A'g hfmvamhdl tbd prf`edgs jrd dmldgah • Dmrfeegdmt vafejtafms, umhdrtaiadl tdjhbdrs, aeedcjeey sapbfmamc prfiats irfg mfmprfiat dmtatads
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Xtjtds (jml tbd APX) jrd wjkamc up tf wbjt K:0 as lfamc jml tbd hfgpjmy as hfgamc umldr amhrdjsdl shrutamy, wbahb as `dcammamc tf agpjar K:0's crfwtb ‘ crfwtb ‘ jml jml A `deadvd tbas trdml waee jhhdedrjtd K:0's ifumldr, Kmfwedlcd Tmavdrsd, lastra`utdl ats dmtard stjkd tf ats amvdstfrs djreadr tbas gfmtb Qdt tbd stfhk, trjlamc jt mdjrey 4>x trjaeamc djrmamcs, as prahdl js ai K:0 waee hfmtamud tf crfw jt bacb rjtds ifr tbd ifrdsddj`ed iuturd jml jesf agprfvd fm ats pdrsastdmtey efw gjrcams jml irdd hjsb iefw
^rdsdmtdl fm 1/:3/:8
Hfmheusafms jml Hjtjeysts •
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K:0 as pursuamc j crfwtb-jt-jmy-hfst strjtdcy tbjt as bjrgamc hfumtedss stuldmts, eakdey vafejtamc mugdrfus stjtd ejws jml rdcuejtafms, jml wjstamc bumlrdls fi gaeeafms fi lfeejrs fi tjxpjydr gfmdy dvdry ydjr. Sbjt tbd hfgpjmy as lfamc as `dhfgamc amhrdjsamcey wdee-kmfwm sf stjtds ‘ stjtds ‘ jml jml pfssa`ey tbd APX ‘ APX ‘ jrd jrd wjkamc up jml tbus tbd hfgpjmy ijhds amhrdjsdl shrutamy jml rdcuejtfry rask \bd eakdey rdsuet as tbjt K:0 waee mft fmey gass ats a ts crfwtb prfodhtafms (jmjeysts prfodht tbjt K:0's rdvdmuds jml prfiats waee crfw :9% jml 80%, rdspdhtavdey, am tbd mdxt ydjr), `ut waee jhtujeey bjvd tf sbramk su`stjmtajeey am frldr tf prfpdrey sdrvd stuldmts (jml stjtds/tjxpjydrs) ^fssa`ed sbfrt-tdrg hjtjeyst? tbd hfgpjmy hfuel lasjppfamt wbdm at assuds IQ 0>:< cualjmhd am gal-Fhtf`dr jml/fr wbdm at rdpfrts Z: ':< djrmamcs am djrey Mfvdg`dr `dhjusd? • Crfwtb bjs `ddm sefwamc • ^rdeagamjry dmrfeegdmt ljtj jt j idw shbffes jrd wdjk • Jmjeysts sddg tf `d ijhtframc am rasamc gjrcams jml hfmtamudl crfwtb am rdvdmud pdr stuldmt, `ftb fi wbahb A tbamk jrd umeakdey
\rjlamc jt mdjrey 4>x trjaeamc djrmamcs, K:0's stfhk as prahdl ifr
K:0's Xtfhk Bjs @ddm Hut Am Bjei Xamhd Gy ^rdsdmtjtafm K:0 Xamhd Gy ^rdsdmtjtafm
K:0‑s Jhjldgah Pdsuets \rjae \bfsd fi tbd Hfmmdhtafms, Xdhfml-Ejrcdst Hy`dr Xhbffe Fpdrjtfr Pdjlamc/DEJ
K:0‑s Jhjldgah Pdsuets \rjae \bfsd fi tbd Hfmmdhtafms, Xdhfml-Ejrcdst Hy`dr Xhbffe Fpdrjtfr Gjtb
K:0‑s Jhjldgah Pdsuets \rjae \bfsd fi tbd Hfmmdhtafms, Xdhfml-Ejrcdst Hy`dr Xhbffe Fpdrjtfr Xhadmhd
K:0‑s Jhjldgah Pdsuets \rjae \bfsd fi tbd Hfmmdhtafms, Xdhfml-Ejrcdst Hy`dr Xhbffe Fpdrjtfr Sratamc
Lud tf ^ffr Jhjldgah Pdsuets, K:0 As @damc Ifrhdl tf Bard Gfrd \djhbdrs, Sbahb Saee Burt Gjrcams Cfamc Ifrwjrl •
Zudstafm (Z< hfmidrdmhd hjee, 2/:
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Mjtd Mj td Lj Ljva vas, s, K: K:0 0‑s Hb Hbja jarrgj gjm m & HDF? A lf `deadvd tbjt at waee amhrdjsd hfst am tbd hfgamc iashje ydjr. At‑s At‑ s racbt amvdstgdmt wd tbamk tf gjkd. At‑s pragjraey ifhusdl fm stuldmt futhfgd gfrd tbjm at as gjrkdt fppfrtumaty. At‑s rdjeey tbd stuldmt futhfgds wd‑rd ifhusdl fm. Xf ydjb, A tbamk tbjt tdjhbdrs hfst gfmdy jml tf tbd dxtdmt tbjt wd jll tdjhbdrs, wd waee amhur sfgd fi tbjt hfst. …at waee hbjmcd fur hfst struhturd j `at jml wd‑ee bjvd j eatted ea tted bjrl hfst fm tbd struhturd sald. … Sd `deadvd at‑s rdjeey agpfrtjmt tf gjkd surd tbjt wd cavd dvdry diifrt tf gjkamc surd tbjt stuldmts bjvd racbt tdjhbdr suppfrt jml cdttamc tbd racbt jhjldgah suppfrt, `dhjusd tbjt kddps shbffe sh bffe fpdm, tbjt kddps `fjrls bjppy jml tbjt‑s wbjt kddps us am `usamdss. Xf tbas as tbd hratahje hrata hje amvdstgdmt wd bjvd tf
K:0 As Ijhamc Gjofr Laiiahuetads am Mugdrfus Xtjtds •
\bd Jcfrj Hy`dr Hbjrtdr Xhbffe am ^J jppdjrs tf `d am tbd prfhdss fi huttamc ats tads tf K:0 •
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Ai tbas bjppdms, tbfucb at wfuel eakdey tjkd pejhd fvdr tagd, at wfuel `d j bucd `efw tf K:0 js Jcfrj jhhfumts ifr ~:8% jml ~04% fi tbd hfgpjmy's tftje rdvdmuds jml D@A\LJ, rdspdhtavdey (lud tf ralahuefus fvdr-iumlamc fi hy`dr hbjrtdrs am ^J) At jesf pfrtdmls pftdmtaje sagaejr jhtavasg `y ftbdr `fjrls fi K:0-jiiaeajtdl K:0 -jiiaeajtdl shbffes jrfuml tbd hfumtry
\bd \dmmdssdd Hfggassafmdr fi Dluhjtafm prdvdmtdl tbd \dmmdssdd Yartuje Jhjldgy irfg dmrfeeamc jmy mdw stuldmts jitdr Ouey :> tb jml hfuel hefsd tbd shbffe dmtardey K:0 as jesf bjvamc sdvdrd laiiahuetads am Hfefrjlf, trjmsejtamc amtf efwdr dmrfeegdmt
Mf Lfu`t Lud tf Xhrutamy, K:0 Hejags At‑s Xdmlamc Tmdmcjcdl Xtuldmts @jhk tf \rjlatafmje Xhbffes •
Mjtd Mjt d Ljvas, Ljvas, K:0 K:0‑s ‑s Hbj Hbjarg argjm jm & HDF, HDF, Z< hfm hfmidr idrdmh dmhd d hjee hjee,, 2/:< 2/:
Hfgpdtatafm As Amhrdjsamc •
Mjtd Mjt d Ljvas, Ljvas, K:0 K:0‑s ‑s Hbj Hbjarg argjm jm & HDF, HDF, Z< hfm hfmidr idrdmh dmhd d hjee hjee,, 2/:< 2/:
Sbdm Jskdl J`fut Iuturd Crfwtb, K:0‑s HDF Sjs Mfmhfggattje •
Mjtd Mjt d Ljvas, Ljvas, K:0 K:0‑s ‑s Hbj Hbjarg argjm jm & HDF, HDF, Z< hfm hfmidr idrdmh dmhd d hjee hjee,, 2/:< 2/::0>:4 shbffe ydjr. \bdrd bjvd `ddm j mug`dr fi -- tbdrd bjvd `ddm j idw ldvdefpgdmts wbahb jrd hrdjtamc sfgd bdjlwamls jml hbjeedmcds tf dmrfeegdmt crfwtb… …wd wjmt tf sbjrd watb yfu tbdsd dvdmts jml hbjeedmcds wd‑rd ijhamc tf bdep yfu umldrstjml tbd crfwtb trdml, rask tjkamc ifr uphfgamc ydjrs. …Fvdr j guetaped ydjrs, A wfuel sjy, yds, wd dxpdht tbdg tf crfw. \bd vfeugd fi crfwtb as sfgdtbamc tbjt as vdry laiiahuet ifr us tf prfodht. Js, wd cf tbrfucb tbd sdjsfm, wd‑rd edjrmamc gfrd. Sd edjrmdl tbjt am tbd `accdr, feldr, gfrd bacbdr pdmdtrjtdl stjtds, wd‑rd cfamc tf cdt edss crfwtb. Am tbd mdwdr stjtds, wd cdt gfrd crfwtb. \bd fiisdt ifr tbfsd A rdjeey r djeey hjm‑t -- A rdjeey hjm‑t tdee yfu jt tbas pfamt `ut -- lf A dxpdht sfgd pfsatavd crfwtb6 A lf dxpdht at, `ut A oust hjm‑t sjy bfw guhb6
Sby A‑g Xtaee Xbfrt K:0? \bd Crfwtb Xtfry As Fvdr, Qdt tbd Xtfhk Pdgjams Dxpdmsavd • • • •
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\bd hfgpjmy as ijhamc gjofr laiiahuetads am mugdrfus stjtds jml hfuel efsd tbd `uek fi j hfmtrjht tbjt prfvalds ~04% fi D@A\LJ Fi tbd ifur mdw shbffes fpdmdl tbas ijee, i jee, tbrdd jrd vdry sgjee Amsacbt shbffes (:>>-0>> stuldmts djhb) Jhjldgah futhfgds hfmtamud tf `d pffr Amhrdjsdl shrutamy as ifrhamc K:0 tf `ftb tacbtdm rdhruatamc (burtamc dmrfeegdmt jml rdvdmud crfwtb) jml spdml bdjvaey tf bard gfrd tdjhbdrs, dth. (burtamc gjrcams) J ifrgdr dgpefydd, j Mjtafmje Jhhfumt Gjmjcdr mjgdl Jmlrdw Jmlrdw Dbrdmidel, bjs iaedl j ejwsuat hejagamc tbjt bd ―lashfvdrdl jml rdpfrtdl tbjt K:0 wjs lavdrtamc jml lardhtamc stuldmts amtdmlamc tf dmrfee am pu`eah shbffe lastraht-fpdrjtdl amldpdmldmt stuly prfcrjgs amtf tbd K:0fpdrjtdl pu`eah hbjrtdr shbffes. Js j rdsuet, Hjeaifrmaj pu`eah dluhjtafm amstatutafms efst stjtd dluhjtafm tjx iumlamc `jsdl fm stuldmt Jvdrjcd Ljaey Jttdmljmhd tf K:0.‗ K:0.‗ •
Ai trud, trud, tbas tbas hfue hfuel l agpjh agpjhtt K:0‑s K:0‑s Amst Amstatu atutaf tafmje mje Xje Xjeds ds `usam `usamdss dss
Tpljtd fm Eug`dr Eaqualjtfrs (EE) ^rdsdmtdl jt tbd Pf`am Bffl Amvdstfrs Hfmidrdmhd fm Mfvdg`dr 00, 0>:8 (tbd dmtard prdsdmtjtafm as pfstdl jt? www.taesfmiumls.hfg/EE.pli)
^rdsdmtdl fm ::/00/:8
Xuggjry? \bdrd Jrd Gjmy Sjys tf Sam • • •
\bd vjeujtafm as vdry bacb ‘ bacb ‘ ijr ijr j`fvd bastfrahje jml pddr jvdrjcds Fpdrjtamc gjrcam as jt jm jee-tagd bacb, rfucbey lfu`ed tbd bastfrahje jvdrjcd \bd rjal `y idldrje jutbfratads hfuel agpjht tbd hfgpjmy am gjmy wjys? • • • •
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EE gacbt bjvd tf hbjmcd gjmy fi ats suppeadrs, wbahb hfuel rjasd prfluht hfsts jml lasrupt ats suppey hbjam At hfuel suhk up sacmaiahjmt tagd jml jttdmtafm fi gjmjcdgdmt Edcje/hfgpeajmhd hfsts gacbt `d ejrcd, `ftb up irfmt jml fmcfamc EE gacbt cdt bat watb j `ac iamjmhaje pdmjety jml/fr ftbdr jhtafms suhb js hbjrcds jcjamst gjmjcdgdmt
\bd DAJ rdpfrt gacbt cdt pahkdl up `y tbd gdlaj jml/fr sfhaje mdtwfrkamc, wbahb hfuel agpjht sjeds jml put jllatafmje prdssurd fm tbd hfgpjmy • EE gjy bjvd j ifrgjeldbyld prf`edg, wbahb hfuel cjam trjhtafm tbjmks tf j hejss jhtafm ejwsuat tbjt wjs oust iaedl • J gjofr mdw lardht hfgpdtatfr, Ieffr & Ldhfr, bjs dgdrcdl jml as crfwamc crfwamc rjpaley
Eug`dr Eaqualjtfrs' Xtfhk Bjs @ddm Hut Am Bjei Xamhd Gy ^rdsdmtjtafm
EE Xamhd Gy ^rdsdmtjtafm
Sby A‑g Xtaee Xbfrt EE? A \bamk \bdrd Jrd Gfrd Xbfds tf Lrfp, Qdt tbd Xtfhk Pdgjams Dxpdmsavd • J lasgje Z0 djrmamcs rdpfrt •
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Xjgd stfrd sjeds ldheamdl 3.:%, crfss gjrcam lfwm >.1%, fpdrjtamc gjrcam ldheamdl irfg :0.1% tf :>.8%, mdt amhfgd lfwm :1%
Cualjmhd wjs dvdm wdjkdr? •
HDF Pf`drt Eymhb? • "Hustfgdr trjiiah tf fur stfrds wjs sacmaiahjmtey wdjkdr tbjm wd dxpdhtdl, pjrtahuejrey am cdfcrjpbah jrdjs sdvdrdey agpjhtdl `y tbd umusujeey bjrsb wdjtbdr am tbd iarst qujrtdr. \bd agprfvdgdmt am hustfgdr ldgjml wd dxpdradmhdl `dcammamc am gal-Gjrhb lal mft hjrry amtf Gjy, jml Oumd wdjkdmdl iurtbdr. Fur rdluhdl hustfgdr trjiiah bjs hfamhaldl watb hdrtjam wdjk gjhrfdhfmfgah trdmls rdejtdl tf rdsaldmtaje rdgfldeamc, amheulamc dxastamc dxastamc bfgd sjeds, wbahb bjvd cdmdrjeey `ddm efwdr am 0>:< tbjm tbd hfrrdspfmlamc pdrafls am 0>:8. Sd mfw `deadvd tbd prfefmcdl purhbjsd hyhed jssfhajtdl watb fur hustfgdrs' lashrdtafmjry, ejrcd-tahkdt bfgd agprfvdgdmt prfodhts as eakdey tf `d ldejydl ifr sfgd hustfgdrs amtf tbd ijee iefframc sdjsfm, jml ifr ftbdrs, amtf spramc s pramc fi 0>:4.‗ • ―…j mug`dr fi tbd ijhtfrs wdacbamc fm fur sdhfml qujrtdr rdsuets jrd eakdey tf hfmtamud am tbd sdhfml bjei fi 0>:<…Sbaed wd `deadvd tbd tbarl qujrtdr gjy `d wdjkdr tbjm wd fracamjeey jmtahapjtdl, wd bjvd j strfmc sdmsd fi urcdmhy jml wd dxpdht tf rdcjam trjhtafm tf ldeavdr fpdrjtamc gjrcam dxpjmsafm am tbd sdhfml bjei
Gy Hurrdmt Ijvfratd Xbfrt Aldj? Dxjht Xhadmhds (DRJX)
Mftd? A hrdlat tbas amvdstgdmt aldj jml sfgd fi tbd jmjeysas bdrdam tf @afs Pdsdjrhb (suppfrtN`afsrds.hfg)
Fvdrvadw fi Dxjht Xhadmhds • •
•
Dxjht Xhadmhds as j gfedhuejr lajcmfstahs hfgpjmy ifhusdl fm tbd djrey ldtdhtafm jml prdvdmtafm fi hfefrdhtje hjmhdr At bjs ldvdefpdl j mfmamvjsavd LMJ shrddmamc shr ddmamc tdst, Hfefcujrl, wbahb wjs jpprfvdl `y tbd ILJ ejst gfmtb, tbjt ldtdhts hfefrdhtje hjmhdr jml prdhjmhdrfus pfeyps A prdidr prdidr tf tf sbfrt sbfrt tbd stfh stfhks ks fi irju irjulue luedmt dmt jml/ jml/fr fr dvae dvae hfgpj hfgpjmad mads, s, `ut `ut tbjt‑ tbjt‑s s mft tbd tbd hjsd bdrd. A f`vafusey bfpd Hfefcujrl bdeps rdluhd tbd ldjtb tfee irfg tbas tdrra`ed lasdjsd ‘ lasdjsd ‘ A oust lfm‑t tbamk at‑s eakdey tf (hdrtjamey ( hdrtjamey mft tf tbd dxtdmt tbjt‑s rdiedhtdl am tbd sbjrd prahd)
Dxjht Xhadmhds‑ Xtfhk Bjs Lfu`edl am tbd ^jst Qdjr Jml Bjs Pasdm Mdjrey 9>x Xamhd Ats 0>>2 Efws ‘ Jml
Dxjht Xhadmhds Xamhd Ats A^F
Hfefm Hjmhdr As tbd Xdhfml-Edjlamc T.X. Hjmhdr Kaeedr •
―\bd gfs ―\bd gfstt prdv prdvdm dmtj tj`e `ed, d, ydt ydt edjs edjstt prdv prdvdm dmtd tdl l hjmh hjmhdr dr.‗ .‗ ‘ Ofurmje ‘ Ofurmje fi tbd Mjtafmje Hjmhdr Amstatutd
Djrey Ldtdhtafm As Hratahje
*
*
Qdt Hurrdmt Xhrddmamc As ^ffr
•
Fmey 94% fi pdfped wbf sbfuel `d shrddmdl jrd, j gjofr rdjsfm wby 9>% fi hfefm hjmhdrs ldtdhtdl jrd jerdjly am ejtd stjcd s tjcd
Hurrdmt Xhrddmamc Amvfevds \brdd Xtdps
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\bd Hdmtdrs ifr Lasdjsd Hfmtrfe jml ^rdvdmtafm rdhfggdml tbd ifeefwamc shrddmamc tdsts jml amtdrvjes ifr jvdrjcd-rask gdm jml wfgdm jcds 4>-34? :. 0. 8.
Dvdry ydjr? Bacb Bacb-sdmsat -sdmsatava avaty ty idhje idhje fhhuet fhhuet `effl tdst (IF@\ (IF@\)) [jkj IA\ (Idhje (Idhje * Aggumfhbdgahjee \dst)W, wbahb hbdhks ifr balldm `effl am tbrdd hfmsdhutavd stffe sjgpeds; Aggumfhbdgahj Dvdry iavd iavd ydjrs? ydjrs? Iedxa`e Iedxa`ed d sacgfalfshf sacgfalfshfpy, py, wbdrd wbdrd pbysahaj pbysahajms ms usd j iedxa iedxa`ed, `ed, eacbtd eacbtdl l tu`d (sacgfalfshfpd) tf effk jt tbd amtdrafr wjees fi tbd rdhtug jml pjrt fi tbd hfefm; jml Dvdry :> :> ydjrs? ydjrs? Hfefmfshfp Hfefmfshfpy, y, wbdrd wbdrd pbysaha pbysahajms jms usd usd j iedxa`ed, iedxa`ed, eacbt eacbtdl dl tu`d tu`d (hfefmfshfp (hfefmfshfpd) d) tf effk jt tbd amtdrafr wjees fi tbd rdhtug jml tbd dmtard hfefm. Luramc tbas prfhdlurd, sjgpeds fi tassud gjy `d hfeedhtdl ifr hefsdr dxjgamjtafm, fr pfeyps gjy `d rdgfvdl. Hfefmfshfpads hjm `d usdl js shrddmamc tdsts fr js ifeefw-up lajcmfstah tffes wbdm tbd rdsuets fi jmftbdr shrddmamc tdst jrd pfsatavd. •
Hfefmfshfpy jesf as usdl js j lajcmfstah tdst wbdm j pdrsfm bjs sygptfgs, jml at hjm `d usdl js j ifeefw-up tdst wbdm tbd rdsuets fi jmftbdr hfefrdhtje hjmhdr shrddmamc tdst jrd umhedjr fr j`mfrgje.
• \bd gjam prf`edg as tbd hfefmfshfpy •
At‑s tagd -hfmsugamc, amvjsavd, mft jvjaej`ed dvdrywbdrd, rasks h fgpeahjtafms, dxpdmsavd dxpdmsavd jml umhfgifrtj`ed ‘ umhfgifrtj`ed ‘ `ftb `ftb tbd prdpjrjtafm js wdee js tbd jhtuje prfhdlurd
Hfgdlajm Ljvd @jrry‑s Ldshraptafm fi ^rdpjramc ifr j Hfefmfshfpy \bdm, fm tbd ljy `difrd gy hfefmfshfpy, hfefmfshfpy, A `dcjm gy prdpjrjtafm. Am jhhfrljmhd watb gy amstruhtafms, A lalm't djt jmy sfeal iffl tbjt ljy; jee A bjl wjs hbahkdm `rftb, wbahb as `jsahjeey wjtdr, fmey watb edss iejvfr. \bdm, am tbd dvdmamc, A tffk tbd Gfva^rdp. Qfu gax twf pjhkdts fi pfwldr tfcdtbdr am j fmd-eatdr fmd- eatdr pejstah ouc, tbdm yfu iaee at watb eukdwjrg wjtdr. wjtdr. (Ifr tbfsd umijgaeajr watb tbd gdtrah systdg, j eatdr as j`fut 80 cjeefms.) \bdm yfu bjvd tf lramk tbd wbfed ouc. \bas \bas tjkds j`fut jm bfur, bfur, `dhjusd Gfva^rdp tjstds -- jml bdrd A jg `damc kaml kaml -- eakd j gaxturd fi cfjt spat jml uramje hedjmsdr, watb watb oust j bamt fi edgfm. \bd amstruhtafms ifr Gfva^rdp, hedjrey wrattdm `y sfgd`fly watb j crdjt sdmsd fi bugfr, stjtd tbjt jitdr yfu lramk at, ''j effsd wjtdry `fwde gfvdgdmt gjy rdsuet.'' \bas as kaml fi eakd sjyamc s jyamc tbjt jitdr yfu ougp fii yfur rffi, yfu gjy dxpdradmhd hfmtjht watb tbd crfuml. Gfva^rdp as j muhedjr ejxjtavd. A lfm't wjmt tf `d tff crjpbah, bdrd, `ut? Bjvd yfu dvdr sddm j spjhd sbutted ejumhb6 \bas as prdtty guhb tbd Gfva^rdp dxpdradmhd, watb yfu js tbd sbutted. \bdrd jrd tagds wbdm yfu wasb tbd hfggfld bjl j sdjt `det. Qfu Qfu spdml sdvdrje bfurs prdtty guhb hfmiamdl tf tbd `jtbrffg, spurtamc vafedmtey. Qfu deagamjtd dvdrytbamc . Jml tbdm, wbdm yfu iacurd yfu gust `d tftjeey dgpty, dgpty, yfu bjvd tf lramk jmftbdr eatdr eatdr fi Gfva^rdp, jt wbahb pfamt, js ijr js A hjm tdee, yfur `fwdes trjvde amtf tbd iuturd jml stjrt s tjrt deagamjtamc iffl tbjt yfu bjvd mft dvdm djtdm ydt. Jitdr jm jhtafm-pjhkdl jhtafm-pjhkdl dvdmamc, dvdmamc, A iamjeey iamjeey cft tf seddp. \bd mdxt gfrmamc gy waid lrfvd lrfvd gd tf tbd heamah. A wjs vdry mdrvfus. Mft fmey wjs A wfrradl j`fut tbd prfhdlurd, `ut A bjl `ddm dxpdradmhamc fhhjsafmje rdturm `futs fi Gfva^rdp spurtjcd. A wjs tbamkamc, ''Sbjt ai A spurt fm Jmly6'' Bfw lf yfu jpfefcazd tf j iradml ifr sfgdtbamc eakd tbjt6 Iefwdrs wfuel wfuel mft `d dmfucb. dmfucb.
Lfds \bas Effk Eakd Ium6
Hfefcujrl As jm Jetdrmjtavd tf tbd Hurrdmt Xhrddmamc \dst, IA\ •
\bd Hdmtdrs ifr Lasdjsd Hfmtrfe jml ^rdvdmtafm rdhfggdml tbd ifeefwamc shrddmamc tdsts jml amtdrvjes ifr jvdrjcd-rask gdm jml wfgdm jcds 4>-34? :. 0. 8.
Dvdry ydjr? Bacb Bacb-sdmsat -sdmsatava avaty ty idhje idhje fhhuet fhhuet `effl tdst (IF@\ (IF@\)) [jkj IA\ (Idhje (Idhje * Aggumfhbdgahjee \dst)W, wbahb hbdhks ifr balldm `effl am tbrdd hfmsdhutavd stffe sjgpeds; Aggumfhbdgahj Dvdry iavd iavd ydjrs? ydjrs? Iedxa`e Iedxa`ed d sacgfalfshf sacgfalfshfpy, py, wbdrd wbdrd pbysahaj pbysahajms ms usd j iedxa iedxa`ed, `ed, eacbtd eacbtdl l tu`d (sacgfalfshfpd) tf effk jt tbd amtdrafr wjees fi tbd rdhtug jml pjrt fi tbd hfefm; jml Dvdry :> :> ydjrs? ydjrs? Hfefmfshfp Hfefmfshfpy, y, wbdrd wbdrd pbysaha pbysahajms jms usd usd j iedxa`ed, iedxa`ed, eacbt eacbtdl dl tu`d tu`d (hfefmfshfp (hfefmfshfpd) d) tf effk jt tbd amtdrafr wjees fi tbd rdhtug jml tbd dmtard hfefm. Luramc tbas prfhdlurd, sjgpeds fi tassud gjy `d hfeedhtdl ifr hefsdr dxjgamjtafm, fr pfeyps gjy `d rdgfvdl. Hfefmfshfpads hjm `d usdl js shrddmamc tdsts fr js ifeefw-up lajcmfstah tffes wbdm tbd rdsuets fi jmftbdr shrddmamc tdst jrd pfsatavd. •
Hfefmfshfpy jesf as usdl js j lajcmfstah tdst wbdm j pdrsfm bjs sygptfgs, jml at hjm `d usdl js j ifeefw-up tdst wbdm tbd rdsuets fi jmftbdr hfefrdhtje hjmhdr shrddmamc tdst jrd umhedjr fr j`mfrgje.
Hfefcujrl vs. tbd Hurrdmt Xhrddmamc \dst
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Am j ~:>,>>> pjtadmt stuly pu`easbdl am tbd Mdw M dw Dmcejml Ofurmje fi Gdlahamd, Hfefcujrl wjs sacmaiahjmtey gfrd eakdey tf ldtdht hfefrdhtje hjmhdr jml prdhjmhdrfus pfeyps vs. tbd hurrdmt `effl-`jsdl tdst, IA\? IA \?
\bd Xtuly Asm‑t Js Hfmheusavd Js At Jppdjrs ‘ J J @fcus Hfgpjrasfm •
\bd hfgpjrasfm IA\ usdl am tbd Lddp-H (Hfefcujrl) (H fefcujrl) stuly wjs jm amidrafr ^feygdlhf IA\ tdst, wbahb usds j samced stffe sjgped (typahjeey fmey usdl `y pbysahajms wbdm tbdy wjmt aggdlajtd rdsuets, suhb js am tbd DP fr am tbdar fiiahd fiiah d jitdr j prfstjtd dxjg) • J gfrd ijar, rdje-wfrel stuly wfuel bjvd usdl j edjlamc IA\ tdst suhb js AmXurd, wbahb as lfmd am tbd t bd bfgd (js as Hfefcujrl), wbahb usds twf t wf stffe sjgpeds jml bjs jm 23% ldtdhtafm rjtd • \bd HLH rdhfggdmls j IA\ tdst watb ―tbrdd hfmsdhutavd stffe sjgpeds,‗ lfmd jmmujeey; am hfmtrjst, Hfefcujrl usds j samced sjgped jml waee eakdey `d cavdm fmey fmhd dvdry tbrdd ydjrs (tbd tdstamc amtdrvje bjsm‑t `ddm ldtdrgamdl ydt) • J stuly fi Hfefcujrl fmhd dvdry tbrdd ydjrs vs. j twf- fr tbrdd-stffetbrdd-stffesjgped IA\ tdst fmhd j ydjr ifr tbrdd ydjrs bjsm‑t `ddm lfmd, sf at‑s mft hedjr wbdtbdr, am j rdje-wfrel sdttamc, Hfefcujrl as supdrafr tf IA\
\bd Xtuly Asm‑t Js Hfmheusavd Js At Jppdjrs ‘ J J Ijesd ^fsatavd ^rf`edg •
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Tmgdmtafm Tmgdmt afmdl dl am Dxj Dxjht ht Xhadm Xhadmhds hds‑‑ amvdst amvdstfr fr prds prdsdm dmtjt tjtafm afm as as tbd ijh ijhtt tbjt tbjt Hfefcujrl bjs j ijesd pfsatavd rjtd fi :8.<%, iavd tf tdm tagds tbjt fi tbd AmXurd IA\ tdst (~0%) jml mdjrey tbrdd tagds tbd 4% rjtd fi tbd amidrafr ^feygdlhf tdst usdl am tbd Ldd^-H stuly A tbamk tbas waee prfvd tf `d j ldje kaeedr ifr gfst lfhtfrs `dhjusd at gdjms tbjt ifr dvdry 3-2 pjtadmts ifr wbfg tbdy prdshra`d tbd Hfefcujrl tdst, tbd rdsuets hfgd `jhk watb j ijesd pfsatavd \bas gdjms tbd lfhtfr bjs tf hjee tbd pjtadmt jml sjy, ―A bjvd sfgd `jl mdws? tbd tdst yfu oust tffk amlahjtds tbjt yfu bjvd hfefrdhtje hjmhdr, tbd sdhfml-ldjleadst ifrg fi hjmhdr. @ut at gacbt `d j ijesd pfsatavd, sf edt‑s shbdlued j hfefmfshfpy tf `d surd‗ \bd pjtadmt, fi hfursd, fmey bdjrs tbd iarst sdmtdmhd jml pjmahs, tbamkamc ―A BJYD HJMHDP JML A‑G CFAMC \F LAD!!!‗ jml bjs tf dmlurd trud jcfmy jml tdrrfr umtae tbdy hjm cdt j hfefmfshfpy jml edjrm tbjt, ―Fffps Fffps,, tbd tdst wjs wrfmc jml yfu‑rd iamd‗
\bdrd Jrd Gjmy Pdjsfms Sby A \bamk Hfefcujrl Saee @d j @ust •
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^dr tbd ^dr tbd pr prdv dvaf afus us se seaald ld,, at‑s at‑s mf mftt hedjr tbjt, am rdje-wfrel prjhtahd, Hfefcujrl as jmy `dttdr am ldtdhtamc hfefrdhtje hjmhdr ‘ hjmhdr ‘ jml jml as hdrtjamey wfrsd am tdrgs fi ijesd pfsatavds ‘ pfsatavds ‘ tbjm tbjm tbd IA\ tdst IA\ bjs `ddm jrfuml ifr ldhjlds jml as waldey kmfwm, trustdl, jvjaej`ed, amdxpdmsavd jml hfvdrdl `y jee amsurdrs \bd jvdrjcd hfst fi IA\ `difrd amsurjmhd as ~$00 vs. :4-03x bacbdr ifr Hfefcujrl (rdag`ursdgdmt (rdag`ursdgdmt bjs ydt tf `d ldtdrgamdl, `ut dstagjtds jrd ~$804-$834; tbd east prahd as $411) Hfefcujrl as guhb ―gdssadr‗ Gjofr hfgpdtatafm as effgamc Pdag Pd ag`u `urs rsdg dgdm dmtt gjy gjy `d `d `def efw w tbd tbd hfgp hfgpjm jmy‑ y‑s s cual cualjm jmhd hd Hfggdrhaje pjyfrs gjy `d sefw tf jpprfvd Hfefcujrl
Hfefcujrl‑s ―Ahk‗ Ijhtfr • •
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Hfefcujrl rdquards sacmaiahjmtey gfrd idhje bjmleamc tbjm IA\, wbahb hfuel edjl tf sacmaiahjmt rdsastjmhd `y pjtadmts IA\ rdquards mftbamc gfrd tbjm j quahk pfkd fi tbd stffe?
Am hfmtrjst, Hfefcujrl rdquards pjtadmts tf iaee jm dmtard hup watb idhds, j sgdeey, gdssy, laiiahuet jml lascustamc prfhdss? Lf yfu rdjeey tbamk tbamk Jgdrahjms (jml tbdar lfhtfrs) waee dg`rjhd tbas ―pffp-am-j―pffp-am-j-hup‗ hup‗ gflde666
Hfgpdtatafm As Effgamc •
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Jm frje lajcmfstah (j hjgdrj-am-j-paee hjeedl ^aeeHjg Hfefm, Hfefm, gjld `y Cavdm Agjcamc, wbahb wjs jhquardl `y Hfvaladm djreadr tbas ydjr) wjs jpprfvdl tbd ILJ am Id`rujry (jml wjs jerdjly jvjaej`ed am gfrd tbjm 2> hfumtrads) J `effl-`jsdl lajcmfstah (Dpa prfHfefm prfHfefm Jssjy) as jpprfvdl Durfpd jml am tbd jpprfvje prfhdss am tbd T.X. Heamahje Cdmfgahs fi Justrjeaj bjs jesf ldvdefpdl j `effl-`jsdl tdst ifhusdl fm twf `afgjrkdrs fi mfm-Xdrdptam1 gdtbyejtdl cdmd prfluhts Ftbdr `effl-`jsdl lajcmfstahs watb gjtdrajeey `dttdr sdmsatavaty ifr prd-hjmhdrfus pfeyps jrd umldr ldvdefpgdmt, sf Hfefcujrl‑s Hfefcujrl‑s ljy ljy am tbd sum waee eakdey `d eagatdl (j hratahjeey agpfrtjmt ijhtfr cavdm tbjt DRJX‑s vjeujtafm as dmtardey ldpdmldmt fm Hfefcujrl‑s jmtahapjtdl Hfefcujrl‑s jmtahapjtdl suhhdss gjmy ydjrs amtf tbd iuturd) • J rdhdmtey pu`easbdl jrtahed (www.mh`a.meg.mab.cf (www.mh`a.meg.mab.cfv/pu`gdl/0 v/pu`gdl/083><032) 83><032) bacbeacbts bacbeacbts djrey ldvdefpgdmt fi j gahrfPMJ `afgjrkdr lajcmfstah tdst usamc j sagped `effl lrjw tbjt bjs jm 2:% sdmsatavaty am prd-hjmhdrfus hfefm hjmhdr ldtdhtafm (vs. <:% ifr Hfefcujrl) jml 10% sdmsatavaty am ldtdhtafm fi hfefrdhtje hjmhdr (sjgd js Hfefcujrl) • \bas tdst usds j samced gaPMJ gjrkdr; tbd rdsdjrhb crfup as effkamc jt j mug`dr fi ftbdr gahrfLMJ gjrkdrs tf iurtbdr dmbjmhd tbd sdmsatavaty jml at as bacbey prf`j`ed tbjt ftbdr gjrkdrs waee jesf `d ifuml tf `d diidhtavd • \bas rdsdjrhb as cjrmdramc sacmaiahjmt jttdmtafm watbam watbam tbd shadmtaiah hfggumaty, `ut as
Dxjht Xhadmhds Bjs Jskdl ifr j Ydry Bacb Pdag`ursdgdmt Pdag`ursdg dmt Pjtd ifr Hfefcujrl •
\bas as wbjt Dxjht Xhadmhds as jskamc ifr (―prfpfsdl Hfefcujrl rdag`ursdgdmt hrfsswjek‗)? hrfsswjek‗)?
\bdrd Gjy @d j Mdcjtavd Xurprasd Sbdm HGX Dstj`easbds Ats Pdag`ursdgdmt Pjtd ifr Hfefcujrl (Dxpdhtdl Jmy Ljy Mfw) •
J rdpfrt `y Crjvaty Pdsdjrhb qudstafms wbdtbdr wbdtbdr tbd Hdmtdrs ifr Gdlahjrd jml Gdlahjal Xdrvahds (HGX) waee dstj`easb j rdag`ursdgdmt rjtd jmywbdrd hefsd tf wbjt tbd hfgpjmy jml ats amvdstfrs dxpdht? •
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―@jsdl fm dxtdmsavd laeacdmhd jml hfmsuetjtafms watb amlustry dxpdrts (amheulamc j ifrgdr sdmafr HGX dgpefydd), wd jrd hfmialdmt tbjt HGX jml ats Gdlahjrd Jlgamastrjtavd Hfmtrjhtfrs (―GJHs‗) waee dstj`easb j rdag`ursdgdmt rjtd ifr Hfefcujrl tbjt as jt edjst 3>2>% efwdr tbjm tbd ~$4>> rjtd DRJX bjs prfodhtdl tf amvdstfrs lud tf HGX usamc j cjpiaee prfhdss tf prahd tbd tdst rjtbdr tbjm tbd hrfsswjek jmjeysas DRJX bjs rdpdjtdley hejagdl waee `d usdl. Sd jesf tbamk tbdrd as j gdjmamciue prf`j`aeaty tbjt HGX gjy sagpey ldhald tf assud j mdcjtavd Mjtafmje Hfvdrjcd Ldtdrgamjtafm jml rdiusd tf hfvdr Hfefcujrl, js HGX lal am 0>>1 watb tbd H\ hfefmfcrjpby (―H\H‗) wbdm at `dhjgd hedjr tbjt wbaed H\ hfefmfcrjpbads wdrd hjpj`ed fi lajcmfsamc hjmhdr jml jeefwamc pbysahajms tf ldtdht pfeyps, tbdy wdrd ijr irfg `damc hfst-diidhtav hfst- diidhtavd d jt tbd rdag`ursdgdmt prahds rdquardl tf gjkd tbd tdst dhfmfgahje ifr prjhtatafmdrs.‗ prjhtatafmdrs.‗ ―\bd LMJ tdsts hfmtjamdl watbam Hfefcujrl, wbahb wbahb jhhfumt ifr fvdr 14% fi tbd vjeud am DRJX‑ bypftbdtahje hrfsswjek jmjeysas, wdrd dxpeahatey `jmmdl `y tbd Ldpjrtgdmt fi Bdjetb jml Bugjm Xdrvahds (―BBX‗, pjrdmt `urdju fi HGX) am 0>:0 irfg `damc rdag`ursdl js lajcmfstah tdsts (js tbdy wfuel `d usdl am Hfefcujrl).‗ Hfefcujrl).‗ ―At as hedjr irfg pu`easbdl HGX ljtj…tbjt dvdm j $:4>/tdst rdag`ursdgdmt rjtd ifr Hfefcujrl as j gjofr strdthb. Sd jesf iaml at vdry tdeeamc tbjt DRJX bjs `ddm umj`ed tf iaml jmy pjrtmdrs ifr Hfefcujrl jml bjs mft pu`easbdl ats fwm hfst-diidhtavdmdss stuly ifr
Hfggdrhaje ^jyfr Jlfptafm Gjy @d Xefwdr \bjm Jmtahapjtdl • Jdtmj rdhdmtey jmmfumhdl tbjt at lfds mft hfvdr Hfefcujrl jml vadws vadws tbd tdst js dxpdragdmtje jml amvdstacjtafmje •
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Gjxag Crfup rdpfrt (2/00/:<)? •
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―Hfgpjrjtavd-diidhtavdmdss stulads jrd mfw mddldl tf hejraiy tbd rfed fi stffe LMJ tdstamc watb rdspdht tf prfcrjggjtah shrddmamc watb ftbdr tdst fptafms. Fmey tbrfucb j `dttdr umldrstjmlamc fi ftbdr kdy ijhtfrs, suhb js tbd shrddmamc amtdrvje, jlbdrdmhd, hfst, jml lajcmfstah dvjeujtafm fi pfsatavd rdsuets, hjm wd ldtdrgamd tbd jpprfprajtd pejhd ifr stffe LMJ tdstamc fm tbd shrddmamc gdmu.‗ gdmu.‗ Hfggdrhaje pjyfrs jrd eakdey tf usd j gfrd gjrkdt-`jsdl jpprfjhb tf rdag`ursdgdmt. \bd cfvdrmgdmt rdhdmtey gjld stdps tfwjrl jlfptamc j gfrd gjrkdt-`jsdl jpprfjhb tf rdag`ursdgdmt. Sbaed tbfsd hbjmcds lf mft tjkd diidht umtae 0>:3, wd jmtahapjtd tbjt hfggdrhaje pjyfrs waee sdedhtavdey `d gfrd prfjhtavd am rdag`ursamc mdw tdsts jt wbjt tbdy vadw js gjrkdt rjtds jml mft `jsdl fm tbd gdtbflfefcads hurrdmtey usdl `y HGX. \bd Hfefcujrl as am hfgpdtatafm watb $0>-$8> IA\ tdsts, js wdee js dgdrcamc `effl-`jsdl tdsts, wbahb hrdjtds j hbjeedmcamc gjrkdt dmvarfmgdmt, am fur vadw.
Gfrd tbjm 9>% fi HPH pjtadmts jrd fvdr 94 ydjrs fel sf hfggdrhaje pjyfrs bjvd bastfrahjeey jvfaldl rdag`ursdgdmt fi shrddmamc tdsts `dhjusd
Dxjht Xhadmhds Bjs Mdvdr Cdmdrjtdl Gdjmamciue Pdvdmuds jml Ats Efssds Jrd Jhhdedrjtamc •
Am Z0 ‒:< ‒:<,, rdvdm rdvdmuds uds wd wdrd rd zdrf zdrf jml md mdtt efss efss wjs wjs $:1. $:1.< < gaeea gaeeafm fm
$:> $> -$:> -$0>
(G) -$8> -$<>
\ftje Pdvdmud
-$4>
Mdt Amhfgd
-$9> -$3> 0>>:
0>>0
0>>8
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0>>4
0>>9
0>>3
0>>2
0>>1
0>:>
0>::
0>:0
0>:8
\\G B: ':<
Dxjht Xhadmhds‑ Zujrtdrey Hjsb @urm As Pasamc ‘ Jml Saee Amtdmsaiy js tbd Xjeds Ifrhd As Bardl •
Hjsb `urm hfuel jpprfjhb $:>> gaeeafm am 0>:4 Irdd Hjsb Iefw
$> -$0 -$< -$9 (G) -$2 -$:> -$:0 -$:< -$:9 -$:2 -$0> Z8 :> Z< :> Z: :: Z0 :: Z8 :: Z< :: Z: :0 Z0 :0 Z8 :0 Z< :0 Z: :8 Z0 :8 Z8 :8 Z< :8 Z: :< Z0 :<
\f Iuml Ats Efssds, Dxjht Xhadmhds Bjs Assudl Gfrd jml Gfrd Xbjrds, Laeutamc Xbjrdbfeldrs •
\bd sbjrd hfumt bjs gfrd tbjm trapedl am tbd pjst sax ydjrs Laeutdl Xbjrds Futstjmlamc
1> 2> 3> (G)
9> 4> <> 8> 0> :>
Xdqudmfg, Jmftbdr Gfedhuejr Lajcmfstahs Hfgpjmy, Bjs Gdjmamciue Pdvdmuds jml Xgjeedr Efssds E fssds Pdhdmtey ‘ Pdhdmtey ‘ Qdt Qdt Fmey j $<04 $< 04 Gaeeafm Gjrkdt Hjp $0>> \ftje Pdvdmud Pdvdmud
$:4>
(G) $:>>
Djrmamcs irfg Hfmt. Mdt Amhfgd Fps.
$4> $> -$4> -$:>> -$:4> 0 >> :
0 >> 0
0> > 8
0 > ><
0 >> 4
0> > 9
0> >3
0 >> 2
0 >>1
0 >: >
0 >: :
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\\G Z0 :<
Dxjht Xhadmhds‑ Xtfhk As Saeley Fvdrvjeudl
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Xtfhk prahd (2/2/:< hefsd)? $00.:< Gjrkdt hjp? $:.20 `aeeafm Hjsb? $084 gaeeafm Ld`t? $: gaeeafm Dmtdrprasd vjeud? $:.42 `aeeafm \\G D^X? -$>.2> 0>:< dst. D^X? -$:.:< 0>:4 dst. D^X? -$:.>9 0>:4 dst. rdvdmud? $<3-$:>> gaeeafm 0>:3 dst. rdvdmud? $03>-$899 gaeeafm Dvdm ai tbd hfgpjmy jhbadvds $899 gaeeafm am rdvdmuds am 0>:3 (wbahb as dxtrdgdey umeakdey), jmjeysts jrd vjeuamc DRJX tfljy jt iavd tagds tbas jgfumt! (A jg mft gjkamc tbas up)
Bfw A \bamk At Saee ^ejy Fut •
Sd‑ d‑vd vd sd sdd dm tba tbas s stf stfrry `d `dif ifrrd? Hfefcujrl as Dxjht Xhadmhds‑ tbarl jttdgpt jt j stffe LMJ-`jsdl lajcmfstah ‘ lajcmfstah ‘ jml jml tbd iarst twf (^rdCdm ^eus jml HfefXurd) wdrd tftje `usts, mdvdr f`tjamamc fvdr $04>,>>>/qujrtdr am sjeds (tbd `dst qujrtdrey sjeds, am Z< 0>><, wdrd j gdrd ~3>> lajcmfstah tdsts) ‘ \bd djreadr tdsts wdrd ej`frjtfry-ldvdefpdl tdsts jml tbus lalm't cf tbrfucb tbd ^rdgjrkdt Jpprfvje/ILJ jpprfvje prfhdss tbjt Hfefcujrl lal, `ut tbd djreadr tdsts wdrd kmfwm jml sagpey mft usdl
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Fmd jmjeyst (Odiirads) as prfodhtamc 0:4,>>> tdsts am 0>:4, 4>>,>>> tdsts am 0>:9 jml 2>>,>>> tdsts am 0>:3 ‘ A‑l `d sbfhkdl ai tbd hfgpjmy jhbadvds dvdm dvdm :>% fi tbas jgfumt
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@y djrey 0>:4, at sbfuel `d hedjr tbjt Hfefcujrl as j hfggdrhaje iefp jml tbd stfhk waee hfeejpsd
A \bamk \bas Saee Gddt tbd Xjgd Ijtd js tbd Jgjzfm Iard ^bfmd • J bucdey bypdl prfluht dmtdramc j hrfwldl hrfwldl gjrkdt watb bacb dxpdhtjtafms ‘ dxpdhtjtafms ‘ jml jml as j tftje `ust • \ba \bas s wjs wjs tbd tbd edjl edjl stfr stfry y am tbd `us `usamd amdss ss sdhtaf sdhtafm m fi fi tfljy tfljy‑s ‑s MQ \agd \agds? s?
Gy (Cdmdrfus) ^rahd \jrcdt As $2
• Am ats ats rdpfrt rdpfrt jssac jssacmam mamc c DRJX j ―Xde ―Xdee‗ e‗ rjtam rjtamc, c, Gjxag Gjxag Crfup Crfup wrat wratds? ds? Yjeujtafm as dxpdmsavd. Xbjrds fi DRJX trjld jt DY/rdvdmud guetapeds fi
9.2x jml 4.8x fur 0>:3 jml 0>:2 rdvdmud futeffks, rdspdhtavdey, hfgpjrdl tf pddr 0>:< jml 0>:4 jvdrjcds fi <9x jml <.:x. Fur :0-gfmtb tjrcdt prahd fi $2 as `jsdl fm DRJX trjlamc jt j DY/rdvdmud guetaped fi 8.4x fur 0>:2 rdvdmud futeffk jml lashfumtdl `jhk tf 0>:4. Sd `deadvd tbjt, am 0>:2, tbd hfgpjmy sbfuel trjld jt j lashfumt tf tbd pddr jvdrjcd, cavdm fur vadw tbjt `effl-`jsdl shrddmamc tdsts jrd j sacmaiahjmt hfgpdtatavd tbrdjt.
• A tbamk tbas as cdmdrfus? gy `dst cudss as tbjt, js Hfefcujrl ijaes am tbd gjrkdtpejhd, tbd stfhk ijees 4>% am tbd mdxt sax gfmtbs (hfuel bjppdm jmy ljy ai HGX rdag`ursdgdmt edvdes lasjppfamt), 2>% am a m tbd mdxt ydjr, jml 1>% am tbd mdxt twf ydjrs
Xuggjry? \bdrd Jrd Gjmy Sjys tf Sam
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\bd vjeujtafm as dxtrdgd ‘ dxtrdgd ‘ j j mdjrey $0 `aeeafm gjrkdt hjp ifr j samced lajcmfstah prfluht hfgpjmy ^jtadmts rdodht Hfefcujrl‑s ―pffp ―pffp-am-j-am-j-hup‗ hup‗ systdg ^bysahajms rdsast swathbamc jwjy irfg j IA\ tdst tbdy kmfw jml trust Pdag`ursdgdmt edvdes jrd efwdr tbjm tbd hfgpjmy jml amvdstfrs dxpdht Hfgpdtatafm dgdrcds