PROJECT REPORT ON “WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP” ENTREPRENEURSHIP”
Submitted for partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of the degree Of BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES Of TILAK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND COMMERCE
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Women Entrepreneurship
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I, the under dersigned, hereby declare that hat the project report ort entitled “WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP” submitted by me is in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Management Studies under the guidance of Prof. !internal guide name", is my original wor# $ the conclusions drawn therein are based on the material collected by myself. %he &eport submitted is my own wor# $ has not been duplicated from any an y other source. I shall be responsible for any unpleasure moment ' situation.
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1
Women Entrepreneurship
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* successful project is the result of team wor# $ co+ordination that includes not only the group of deelopers who put forth the ideas, logic $ efforts but also those who guide them. So, at the completion of the project, I feel obliged to e-tent my gratitude towards all those who made aluable contributions throughout my training period. I am than#ful for all the #nowledge, guidance $ support imparted by )r. ' Prof.!)irector" to me who gae me inaluable #nowledge. In
addition,
I
wish
to
coney
deep
sense
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Prof.!name of ./.)" at any time I needed. *t the end just as significantly, I would li#e to e-press my sincere than#s to, Prof. !project guide", and all other staff members who hae proided me e-cellent #nowledge $ support throughout my Post 0raduation. I am ery much than#ful to my parents, brothers'sisters and friends for their continuous support.
2
Women Entrepreneurship
ABSTRACT:
%he educated Indian women hae to go a long way to achiee equal rights and position because traditions are deep rooted in Indian society where the sociological set up has been a male dominated one. )espite all the social hurdles, Indian women stand tall from the rest of the crowd and are applauded for their achieements in their respectie field. %he transformation of social fabric of the Indian society, in terms of increased educational status of women and aried aspirations for better liing, necessitated a change in the life style of Indian women. She has competed with man and successfully stood up with him in eery wal# of life and business is no e-ception for this. %hese women leaders are assertie, persuasie and willing to ta#e ris#s. %hey managed to surie and succeed in this cut throat competition with their hard wor#, diligence and perseerance. %he present paper endeaors to study the concept of women entrepreneur1&easons women become entrepreneurs +&easons for slow progress of women entrepreneurs in India + suggestions for the growth of women entrepreneurs+ deelopment of women entrepreneurship in India. *n surey on women wor#ing and their problem.
3
Women Entrepreneurship
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Women Entrepreneurship
INTRODUCTION:
%he educated women do not want to limit their lies in the four walls of the house. %hey demand equal respect from their partners. oweer, Indian women hae to go a long way to achiee equal rights and position because traditions are deep rooted in Indian society where the sociological set up has been a male dominated one. 2omen are considered as wea#er se- and always made to depend on men fol# in their family and outside, throughout their life. %he Indian culture made them only subordinates and e-ecutors of the decisions made by other male members, in the basic family structure. 2hile at least half the brainpower on earth belongs to women, women remain perhaps the world3s most underutili4ed resource. )espite all the social hurdles, India is brimming with the success stories of women. %hey stand tall from the rest of the crowd and are applauded for their achieements in their respectie field. %he transformation of social fabric of the Indian society, in terms of increased educational status of women and aried aspirations for better liing, necessitated a change in the life style of Indian women. She has competed with man and successfully stood up with him in eery wal# of life and business is no e-ception for this. %hese women leaders are assertie, persuasie and willing to ta#e ris#s. %hey managed to surie and succeed in this cut throat competition with their hard wor#, diligence and perseerance. *bility to learn quic#ly from her abilities, her persuasieness, open style of problem soling, willingness to ta#e ris#s and chances, ability to motiate people, #nowing how to win and lose gracefully are the strengths of the Indian women entrepreneurs. 2omen entrepreneurship deelopment is an essential part of human resource deelopment. %he deelopment of 2omen entrepreneurship is ery low in India, especially in the rural areas. 5ntrepreneurship amongst women has been a recent concern. 2omen hae become aware of their e-istence their rights and their wor# situation. oweer, women of middle class are not too eager to alter their role in fear of social bac#lash. %he progress is more isible among upper class families in urban cities. %his project focuses on women entrepreneur. *ny understanding of Indian women, of their identity, and especially of their role ta#ing and brea#ing new paths, will be incomplete 5
Women Entrepreneurship
without a wal# down the corridors of Indian history where women hae lied and internali4ed arious role models. %he project tal#s about the status of women entrepreneurs and the problem faced by them when they entured out to care their own niche in the competitie world of business enironment. %he present report is an oeriew on the results of the surey that was carried out in the frame of the project “2omen entrepreneurship6. %he main aim of the surey was to find out what problems hinder women + in this case women entrepreneurs + from ta#ing part in economic decision ma#ing processes in the 78 59 Member countries. 2omen entrepreneurs were also questioned about the problems they faced when starting up an enterprise and problems they face in the day+to+day running of their businesses. More general questions about the si4e of their enterprises, their family bac#ground and their qualifications were raised in order to complete the picture. *ccording to the results of the surey, the typical female entrepreneur is educated !with tertiary education" runs a micro enterprise, has a husband and children but no help at home. %he woman creates her enterprise before the age of :8, after haing gained some wor#ing e-perience wor#ing for others. %he main reason for creating her business is the desire for control and freedom to ta#e own decisions, yet she does not lose the perspectie of ma#ing money out of sight. She dedicates oer ;< hours !typically around => hours" to her business on a wee#ly basis, and has made it than#s to hard wor#, perseerance, family support and solid self+ confidence. %he main problems she faced when creating her enterprise were financial questions and combining wor# and family. In the daily running of the businesses, these problems appear to remain, liquidities and financial issues being a major concern, as well as the reconciliation of wor# and family. %here does not appear to be an easy solution to the reconciliation issue, whereas financial issues can be oercome with a loan from the ban# or alternatie finance sources !family or saings". 6
Women Entrepreneurship
Studies hae shown that successful 2omen entrepreneurs start their businesses as a second or third profession. Because of their preious careers, women entrepreneurs enter the business world later on in life, around ;>1=> years old. *s women are now oerta#ing their male peers when it comes to education, haing higher education degrees is one of significant characteristics that many successful female entrepreneurs hae in common.
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7
Women Entrepreneurship
DEFINITION:
2omen entrepreneurs entrepreneurs may be defined as “9*"a+ *7 27*!= *f 9*")+ 9h* i+i/ia/), *72a+i) a+0 7!+ a #!si+)ss )+/)7=7is)< 6
0oernment of India has defined women entrepreneurs based on women participation in equity and employment of a business enterprise. *ccordingly, “a 9*"a+$7!+ )+/)7=7is) is 0)fi+)0 as a+ )+/)7=7is) *9+)0 a+0 6*+/7*33)0 #1 a 9*"a+ hai+2 a "i+i"!" fi+a+6ia3 s/a8) *f (- *f /h) 6a=i/a3 a+0 2ii+2 a/ 3)as/ (- *f /h) )"=3*1")+/ 2)+)7a/)0 i+ /h) )+/)7=7is) /* 9*")+ .6 2omen become entrepreneurs due to economic factors which push them
to be on their own and urge them to do something independently. 2omen prefer to wor# from their own residence. )ifficulty in getting suitable jobs and the desire for social recognition motiate them towards. ?oncept of women entrepreneur(+ “a small scale industrial unit or industry+related serice or business enterprise, managed by one or more women entrepreneur in a concern, in which they will indiidually or jointly hae a share capital of not less than 8@A as shareholder of the priate limited company, members of co+operatie society6. 2omen constitute around half of the total world population. so is in India also. %hey are therefore regarded as the better half of the society. In traditional families they were confines to four walls performing household actiities, but now they hae come out to participate in different spheres of actiities li#e academics, politics, and administration and so on. ?urrently they hae plunged into industry running them successfully. successfully. %he country country needs to mobili4 mobili4ee and utili4 utili4es es fully fully all its resour resources ces includ including ing hum human an resources. %he participation of women in economic actiities is necessary not only for human resource point of iew but is essential een for the objectie of raising the status of women in society. %he economic status of women is now accepted as an indicator of a societys stage of deelopment. %herefore, it becomes imperatie for the goernment to frame policies for the deelopment of entrepreneurship among women. %he long term objectie of the deelopment programmers for women should aim to raise their economic and social status status in order to bring 8
Women Entrepreneurship
them into the mainstream of national life deelopment. Cor this, due recognition has to be accorded to the role and contribution of women in the arious social, economic, political and cultural actiities. 2omen owned businesses are highly increasing in the economies of almost all countries. %he hidden entrepreneurial potentials of women hae gradually been changing with the growing sensitiity to the role and economic status in the society. S#ill, #nowledge and adaptability in business are the main reasons for women to emerge into business entures. 32omen 32omen 5ntrepreneur is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. * strong desire to do something positie is an inbuilt quality of entrepreneurial women, who is capable of contributing alues in both family and social life. 2ith the adent of media, women are aware of their own traits, rights and also the wor# situations. %he glass ceilings are shattered and women are found indulged in eery line of business from pappad to power cables. %he challenges and opportunities proided to the women of digital era are growing rapidly that the jobsee#ers are turning into job creators. %hey are flourishing as designers, designers, interior interior decorators decorators,, e-porters, e-porters, publishers, publishers, garment garment manufacturer manufacturerss and still still e-ploring e-ploring new aenues of economic participation. In India, although women constitute the majority of the total population, the entrepreneurial world is still a male dominated one. 2omen in adanced nations are recogni4ed and are more prominent in the business world. %he Indian sociological set up has been traditionally a male dominated one. 2omen are considered as wea#er se- and always to depend on men fol# in their family and outside, throughout their life. %hey are left with lesser commitment and #ept as a dormant force for a quite long time. %he Indian culture made them only subordinates and e-ecutors of the decisions made by other male members in the basic family structure. %he traditional set up is changing in the modern era. %he transformation of social fabric of the Indian society, in terms of increased educational status of women and aried aspirations for better liing, necessitated a change in the life style of Indian women. Indian families do hae the priilege of being enied by the westerners, since women here are ta#ing more responsibilities on bringing up children and maintaining a better home with loe and affection. *t the family leel, the tas# of coordinating arious actiities in a much 9
Women Entrepreneurship
effectie in a manner, without feeling the pinch of inconeniences, is being carried out by the women fol#. %hus, the Indian women hae basic characters in themseles in the present sociological and cultural setup as follows. @D
Indi Indian an wom women en are are cons consid ider ered ed as sa#t sa#thi hi,, whic which h mea means ns sou sourc rcee of power power..
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Women Entrepreneurship
CONCEPT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS:
2omen 5ntrepreneurs may be defined as the women or a group of women who initiate, organi4e and operate a business enterprise. %he 0oernment of India has defined women entrepreneurs as Ean enterprise owned and controlled by women haing a minimum financial interest of 8@ per cent of the capital and giing at least 8@ per cent of the employment generated in the enterprise to women‖. 2omen entrepreneurs engaged in business due to push and pull factors which encourage women to hae an independent occupation and stands on their own legs. * sense towards independent decision+ma#ing on their life and career is the motiational factor behind this urge. Saddled with household chores and domestic responsibilities women want to get independence. 9nder the influence of these factors the women entrepreneurs choose a profession as a challenge and as an urge to do something new. Such a situation is described as pull factors. 2hile in push factors women engaged in business actiities due to family compulsion and the responsibility is thrust upon them.
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Women Entrepreneurship
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUD:
%he study is based on secondary data which is collected from the published reports of &BI, Sureys, &eports, newspapers, journals, websites, etc. %he study was planned with the following objecties( @F %o ealuate the factors responsible for encouraging women to become entrepreneurs 7F %o study the impact of assistance by the goernment on womenGs entrepreneurship. :F %o study the policies, programmer, institutional networ#s and the inolement of support agencies in promoting womenGs entrepreneurship. ;F %o critically e-amine the problems faced by women entrepreneurs 8F %o study about the womens enhancement in arious enterprise. =F %o determine what motiates women to start their own businesses. HF %o determine the unique challenges women face in managing their businesses.
F
%o find and highlight the major problems and hurdles in the way of women who
want to start an independent business in the city. @@F
%o gain insight of arious aenues' opportunities proided by the goernment.
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Women Entrepreneurship
RESEARCH METHODOLOG:
%here particular areas are important for the proper e-ecution of proposed research project. @. ?ollection of secondary data. 7. ?ollection of primary data. :. )ata analysis technique
COLLECTION OF PRIMAR DATA<
Primary data was collected through pilot surey and well+structured questionnaire.
COLLECTION OF SECONDAR DATA<
Secondary data was collected through internet websites. some articles on the research topic were also ta#en in consideration and data was also gathered from different business research boo#s.
UESTIONNAIRE<
Cor this research purpose we will prepare a questionnaire. *nd this questionnaire will appro-imately contain 7> questions relating to concern problem. Jature of questionnaire will be self+e-pletory while #eeping in mind that questionnaire should be motiated in nature.
SAMPLING<
Sample si4eK=>
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Women Entrepreneurship
SAMPLING TECHNIUES:
*s our target population is entrepreneurL self+employed women, so i will do simple random sampling. Ta72)/ =*=!3a/i*+:
*ll entrepreneurLself+employed women in Mumbai. Sa"=3)0 =*=!3a/i*+:
@F 2omen doing embroidery wor# 7F 2omen haing their own beauty parlor :F 2omen who are running schools for #ids in areas.
TPE OF INVESTIGATION:
In this research we hae established a correlation between different ariables affecting the women entrepreneurial actiities in the area.
TPE OF STUD:
It is a non+contried setting because the research will done in the natural enironment of the organi4ation where wor# proceeds normally and mostly correlation studies are conducted in non+contried setting and correlation studies done in organi4ation are called field study.
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Women Entrepreneurship
FIELD WORK:
%o gain the purpose i hae sureyed the area within Mumbai and filled questionnaire from the sampled population
UNIT OF ANALSIS:
In this unit of analysis will be indiidual as well as group unit of analysis because i will tal# to indiidual women as well as women wor#ing in group.
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Women Entrepreneurship
REASONS FOR WOMEN BECOMING ENTREPRENEURS:
%he glass ceilings are shattered and women are found indulged in eery line of business. %he entry of women into business in India is traced out as an e-tension of their #itchen actiities, mainly :P3s, Pic#le, Powder and Pappad. But with the spread of education and passage of time women started shifting from :P3s to modern :53s i.e., 5nergy, 5lectronics and 5ngineering. S#ill, #nowledge and adaptability in business are the main reasons for women to emerge into business entures. 2omen 5ntrepreneur is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. * strong desire to do something positie is an inbuilt quality of entrepreneurial women, who is capable of contributing alues in both family and social life. 2ith the adent of media, women are aware of their own traits, rights and also the wor# situations. %he challenges and opportunities proided to the women of digital era are growing rapidly that the job see#ers are turning into job creators. Many women start a business due to some traumatic eent, such as diorce, discrimination due to pregnancy or the corporate glass ceiling, the health of a family member, or economic reasons such as a layoff. But a new talent pool of women entrepreneurs is forming today, as more women opt to leae corporate world to chart their own destinies. %hey are flourishing as designers, interior decorators, e-porters, publishers, garment manufacturers and still e-ploring new aenues of economic participation. %he following flow chart shows the reasons for women becoming 5ntrepreneurs.
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Women Entrepreneurship
New challenges and opportunities or sel ulillment
Emplo!ment generation
"reedom to ta#e own decision and $e independen t
"amil! occupatio n
(ole model to others Need or additiona l income %nno&ati&e thin#ing s e l i d e n t i t !
17
a n d s o c i a l s t a t u s
Education and 'ualiicatio n REASONS WOMEN BECOME ENTREPRENE URS
support o amil! mem$ers
Women Entrepreneurship
REASONS FOR SLOW PROGRESS FOR WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS<
%he problems and constraints e-perienced by women entrepreneurs hae resulted in restricting the e-pansion of women entrepreneurship. %he major barriers encountered by women entrepreneurs are( @F %he greatest deterrent to women entrepreneurs is that they are women. * #ind of patriarchal+ male dominant social order is the building bloc# to them in their way towards business success. Male members thin# it a big ris# financing the entures run by women.
7F Male chauinism is still prealent in many parts of the country yet. 2omen are loo#ed upon as Eable i.e. wea# in all respects. In a male dominated society, women are not treated equal to men that act as a barrier to woman3s entry into business.
:F 2omen entrepreneurs hae to face a stiff competition with the men entrepreneurs who easily inole in the promotion and deelopment area and carry out easy mar#eting of their products with both the organi4ed sector and their male counterparts. Such a competition ultimately results in the liquidation of women entrepreneurs.
;F Nac# of self+confidence, will+power, strong mental outloo# and optimistic attitude amongst women creates a fear from committing mista#es while doing their p iece of wor#. %he family members and the society are reluctant to stand beside their entrepreneurial growth.
8F 2omen in India lead a protected life. %hey are een less educated, economically not stable nor self+dependent which reduce their ability to bear ris#s and uncertainties inoled in a business unit,
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Women Entrepreneurship
@F %he old and outdated social outloo# to stop women from entering in the field of entrepreneurship is one of the reasons for their failure. %hey are under a social pressure which restrains them to prosper and achiee success in the field of entrepreneurship.
7F 9nli#e men, women mobility in India is highly limited due to many reasons. * single women as#ing for room is still loo#ed with suspicion. ?umbersome e-ercise inoled in starting with an enterprise coupled with officials humiliating attitude towards women compels them to gie up their spirit of suriing in enterprise altogether.
:F 2omenGs family obligations also bar them from becoming successful entrepreneurs in both deeloped and deeloping nations. %he financial institutions discourage women entrepreneurs on the belief that they can at any time leae their business and become housewies again.
;F Indian women gie more emphasis to family ties and relationships. Married women hae to ma#e a fine balance between business and family. %he business success also depends on the support the family members e-tended to women in the business process and management.
8F 2omen3s family and personal obligations are sometimes a great barrier for succeeding in business career. /nly few women are able to manage both home and business efficiently, deoting enough time to perform all their responsibilities in priority.
@F %he educational leel and family bac#ground of husbands also influences women participation in the field of enterprise.
7F *bsence of proper support, cooperation and bac#+up for women by their own family members and the outside world people force them to drop the idea of e-celling in the 19
Women Entrepreneurship
enterprise field. %hey are always ma#ing many pessimistic feelings to be aroused in their minds and ma#ing them feel that family and not business is a place meant for them.
@F Many women ta#e the training by attending the 5ntrepreneurial )eelopment programme without an entrepreneurial bent of mind. 2omen who are imparted training by arious institutes must be erified on account of aptitude through the tests, interiews, etc.
7F igh production cost of some business operations adersely affects the deelopment of women entrepreneurs. %he installations of new machineries during e-pansion of the productie capacity and li#e similar factors discourage the women entrepreneurs from enturing into new areas.
:F 2omen controlled business are often small and it is not always easy for women to access the information they need regarding technolog y, training, innoatie schemes, concessions, alternatie mar#ets, etc. Oust a small percentage of women entrepreneurs aail the assistance of technology and they too remain confined to word processing software in the computer. %hey hardly ma#e use of adanced software aailable li#e statistical software S*P, *ccounting Pac#age li#e %*NN, *nimation software :) M*Q, internet, etc.
;F Nac# of awareness about the financial assistance in the form of incenties, loans, schemes etc. by the institutions in the financial sector. So the sincere efforts ta#en towards women entrepreneurs may not reach the entrepreneurs in rural and bac#ward areas.
8F *chieement motiation of the women fol# found less compared to male members. %he low leel of education and confidence leads to low leel achieement and adancement motiation among women fol# to engage in business operations and running a business concern.
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Women Entrepreneurship
*part from the aboe discussed problems there may occur other series of serious problems faced by women entrepreneurs as improper infrastructural facilities, high cost of production, attitude of people of society towards the women modern business outloo#, low n eeds of enterprise. 2omen also tend to start business about ten years later than men, on aerage. Motherhood, lac# of management e-perience, and traditional sociali4ation has all been cited as reasons for delayed entry into entrepreneurial careers.
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Women Entrepreneurship
SUGGESTIONS FOR THE GROWTH OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS:
&ight efforts from all areas are required in the deelopment of women entrepreneurs and their greater participation in the entrepreneurial actiities. 5ntrepreneurship basically implies being in control of one3s life and actiities and women entrepreneurs need to be gien confidence, independence, and mobility to come out of their parado-es. %he following measures are suggested to empower the women to sei4e arious opportunities and face challenges in business. @F %here should be a continuous attempt to inspire, encourage, motiate and co+ operate women entrepreneurs.
7F *n *wareness programmer should be conducted on a mass scale with the intention of creating awareness among women about the arious areas to conduct business.
:F *ttempts should be there to enhance the standards of education of women in general as well ma#ing effectie proisions for their training, practical e-perience and personality deelopment programmers, to improise their oer+all personality standards.
;F /rgani4e training programmers to deelop professional competencies in managerial, leadership, mar#eting, financial, production process, profit planning, maintaining boo#s of accounts and other s#ills. %his will encourage women to underta#e business.
8F Rocational training to be e-tended to women community that enables them to understand the production process and production management.
=F S#ill deelopment to be done in womenGs polytechnics and industrial training institutes. S#ills are put to wor# in training+cum+production wor#shops.
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Women Entrepreneurship
@F 5ducational institutes should tie up with arious goernment and non+goernment agencies to assist in entrepreneurship deelopment mainly to plan business projects.
7F International, Jational, Nocal trade fairs, Industrial e-hibitions, seminars and conferences should be organi4ed to help women to facilitate interaction with other women entrepreneurs.
:F 2omen in business should be offered soft loans $ subsides for encouraging them into industrial actiities. %he financial institutions should proide more wor#ing capital assistance both for small scale enture and large scale entures.
;F Ma#ing proision of micro credit system and enterprise credit system to the women entrepreneurs at local leel.
8F %he wea#er section could raise funds through arious schemes and incenties proided by the goernment to deelop entrepreneurs in the state. 5.g. the Prime ministers &o4garojana, %he hadi and &ural illage industries scheme, etc.
=F In the initial stages women entrepreneurs may face problems but they must perseere, beliee in themseles and not gie up mid+way.
HF *ttempts by arious J0/3s and goernment organi4ations to spread information about policies, plans and strategies on the deelopment of women in the field of industry, trade and commerce. 2omen entrepreneurs should utili4e the arious schemes proided by the 0oernment.
23
Women Entrepreneurship
@F Self+help groups of women entrepreneurs to mobili4e resources and pooling capital funds, in order to help the women in the field of industry, trade and commerce can also play a positie role to sole this problem.
7F 2omen3s entrepreneurship must be e-amined both at the indiidual leel !i.e. the choice of becoming self+employed" and at the firm leel !the performance of women owned and managed firms" in order to fully understand the differences between men3s and women3s entrepreneurship.
:F %o establish all India forums to discuss the problems, grieances, issues, and filing complaints against constraints or shortcomings towards the economic progress path of women entrepreneurs and giing suitable decisions in the faor of women entrepreneurs and ta#ing strict stand against the policies or strategies that obstruct the path of economic deelopment of such group of women entrepreneurs.
%hus by adopting the following aforesaid measures in letter and spirit the problems associated with women can be soled. 5ntrepreneurship is not a bed of roses to women. 2omen participation in many #inds of economic actiities to complement to their family income, their participation in no way reduces their family duties. %he tas# of women has become more tedious and full of challenges. Net us all ma#e efforts to help women rediscoer her.
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Women Entrepreneurship
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP ROLE IN TODA@S SOCIET:
%he emergence of entrepreneurs in a society depends to a great e-tent on economic, social, religious, cultural and psychological factors preailing in the society. In many of the adanced countries of the world there is a phenomenal in+ crease in the number of self+employed women after the world war. In 9.S women own 78A of all business, een though there sales on an aerage are less than 7'8th of those of other small business groups. In ?anada, @':rd of small business are owned by women and in Crance, it is @'8th. In 9.., since @<>, the number of self+ employed women has increased : times as fast as the number of self+employed men. %hey hae made their mar# in business for the following reasons highlighted below(+ @" %hey want to assume new and fresh challenges and opportunities for self+fulfillment. 7" %hey want to proe their personalities in innoatie, daring and competitie jobs. :" %hey want to under+ ta#e changes to control the balance between their families responsibly and business obligations. 2omen 5ntrepreneurs in India( + %wo main streams of thoughts hae influenced the promotion of women entrepreneurship in India by the goernment as well as by arious other agencies. %he first stream is employment centered. It has been argued that considering their wea#er bar+gaining power in the mar#et as well as society, women should be gien higher priority in arious entrepreneurial schemes. %he second most stream of thought relates to the argument for autonomy of women. *n integrated iew of these aspects is in the form of chart below(+ Entrepreneurial )ac#ground
)ac#ward *in#ages
*a$our +ar#et
"orward *in#ages
Woman,s %ndustr! -u$lic -olic!
25
Women Entrepreneurship
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA
S/a/)s
N* *f U+i/s
N*< *f W*")+
R)2is/)7)0
E+/7)=7)+)!7s
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WOMEN WORK PARTICIPATION:
C*!+/71
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26
Women Entrepreneurship
SOME EAMPLES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR ARE:
%he educated women do not want to limit their lies in the four walls of the house. %hey demand equal respect from their partners. oweer, Indian women hae to go a long way to achi ee equal rights and position because traditions are deep rooted in Indian society. )espite all the social hurdles, many women hae become successful in their wor#s. %hese succes sful women hae made name $ wealth for themseles with their hard wor#, diligence, competen ce and will power. Collowing is the list of few top 2omen 5ntrepreneurs in India.
27
Women Entrepreneurship
I+0! Jai+
Jame
Indujain
Born on
September ><, @:=
Place of birth
Cai4abad, 9ttar Pradesh
2or#s for
Bennett ?oleman $ ?o Ntd
Position
?hairperson
Ralued at
9S T7.< billion
Married to
Nate *sho# umar Oain
?hildren
%wo sons
Fa"i31(
H8 year old billionaire, Indu Oain, was born into the countryGs most populous state, 9ttar Pradesh. She is the widow of late *sho# umar Oain, and is the mother of Samir Oain and Rineet Oain. Cortune worth 9S T7.< billion was inherited by her through sahujain family, the industrial family of india. Sahu Oains belong to a small town of Jajibabad, Bijnor district, 9ttar Pradesh. 28
Women Entrepreneurship
C*"=a+1 =7*fi3)<
Bennett ?oleman $ co. ltd is the nations largest media group. it was founded in the year @<:<, and is based in Mumbai, India. In @;<, &am rishna )almia sold out the company to the present group, his son in law, Sahu Shanti Prasad. It proides media publishing serice such as maga4ines, internet and news papersuge brand names such as %he 5conomic %imes, %imes of India, Camine, Sandhya %imes, %imes CM and Cilm fare are under its ownership. *long with this, arious teleision channels such as %imes Jow, Uoom and 5% JowV and CM radio networ# li#e &adio Mirchi also constitute its holdings. %he %imes 0roup acts as its supreme fame+generating source. It is the most circulated 5nglish daily newspaper, and is accordingly headed by InduGs sons Rineet and Samir. It was acquired from a British group, and today sells more than : million copies worldwide. It employs oer H>>> employees, publishes fie dailies including two largest in the country, and owns fifteen publishing centers, fifteen printing centers and fifty+fie sales offices. It further runs two lead maga4ines, twenty+nine niche maga4ines, thirty two radio stations and two teleision channels, producing a turnoer in e-cess of 9S) H>> million. Indu, carefully guides eery step ta#en towards the deelopment of %he %imes Coundation, and has successfully collected national and international acclaim for it. Jew )elhi is the landmar# for its headquarters. B??N stries to proide high quality of content in all its spheres of actiity. %oday, it has risen to the position of IndiaGs largest media conglomerate. Initially, it was present in areas of print media, but itGs century old policy of innoation and birth of fresh ideas has diersified it into new fields. %he company gets its name from the partnership of %homas Bennett, %he %imes of IndiaGs first professional editor and C M ?oleman.
%he BhartiyaOnanipath, which was established in @;;, by the President of B??N, awarded e-cellence in creatie literary writing to Indians in any language. %oday, this prestigious award lies within the powers of Indu Oain, herself. She is the chairperson of the BhartiyaOnanipath %rust, and rightfully heads the post being a true patron of art and literature herself. 29
Women Entrepreneurship
Fai3!7)s
)oubts hae been raised on the credibility of reports published in the %/I, time and again. &eenue generation through adertisements is amongst the most easy and efficient route, ta#en up by the media. *lthough, its usage is ineitable, the eer+rising adertisements in %/I, at times, mislead the reader from the news, and direct him towards the flashy adertisements. %he recession of 7>> acted as a bonan4a for its chairperson, shifting her a few places ahead in her billionaire list, li#e her contemporaries. 2hile the crisis had hit the poor and the wor#ing class hardest, the billionaires whose greed and unscrupulousness caused it in the first place, only grew richerV this act became an unethical blotch on Indu, although she might not be blamed for any of it directly. Th) S1"#*3 *f Ma/7ia76h1
* spiritualist at heart, Indu handles the philanthropic genre of the %imes foundation. She also writes spiritual columns for it. She is an actie supporter of womenGs rights, and her passionate fight for arious causes is well+#nown. 9nder her guidance, the %imes Coundation runs community serices, research groups and relief funds for arious disaster reliefs such as floods, cyclones, earthqua#es and ep idemics. She encourages budding entrepreneurs and beliees in their abilities to shine, and ma#e way for themseles in the world. She stressed the need for oneness among faiths, in her speech at the 9nited Jations in 7>>>, at the Millennium 2orld Peace Summit of religious and spiritual leaders. %he /neness Corum, formally launched by the President of India in 7>>:, also wor#s under the leadership of Indu Oain. &ecently, Indian ?ongress of 2omen !I?2" awarded Indu Oain, an International Nifetime *chieement *ward, with women empowerment being the eentGs bac#drop theme. She is the founder President of the Nadies wing of CI??I !CN/". %oday, %he %imes 0roup is IndiaGs most profitable media company, and enjoys 8> percent urban mar#et share of 5nglish dailies. Indu Oain acts as the guiding force of the group, and continues to infuse new energy into it, leading ways and heading all, li#e a true matriarch. 30
Women Entrepreneurship
S!3a>>aFi7*0iaM*/9a+i
Jame Born on
SulajjaCirodiaMotwani *ugust 7=, @H>
2or#s for
inetic engineering Ntd.
Position
Managing )irector
Married to
Manish Motwani
?hildren
/ne son.
Ooint Managing )irector of inetic 5ngineering Ntd, she is the in charge of the ?ompanyGs oerall business deelopmental actiities. She is also ery well performing the role of the
)irector of inetic Motor ?ompany Nimited and inetic Mar#eting Serices Nimited. 2ell, we are tal#ing about SulajjaCirodiaMotwani. In this article, we will proide you with the biography of SulajjaCirodiaMotwani, who has made an incredible contribution in ma#ing the firm reach heights of success. She is a fitness person, who is ery conscious about her health. She is ery particular about carrying out one or the other actiity for #eeping fit and actie. She has always been enthusiastic about sports, especially badminton. She has played badminton on the national leel. She is also ery fond of pursuing adenturous sports li#e s#iing $ scuba diing. She tries to spend as much
31
Women Entrepreneurship
time as possible with her fie year old son Sidhant. &ead on to #now the complete life history of SulajjaCirodiaMotwani. Prior to joining inetic ?ompany, Sulajja wor#ed for a period of four years with a well #nown inestment analytics company, B*&&* International, based in ?alifornia. She has been an actie participant in setting the operations of the company in India. %hroughout her studies, she has been a ran# holder. She has always cleared e-ams with merit. er name appeared in the toppers list in the SS? e-aminations and S? e-aminations. She graduated from the Pune 9niersity. %hereafter, she went to the 9nited States for pursuing further studies. She is an MB* degree holder from the reputed ?arnegie Mellon 9niersity at Pittsburgh.
She is an epitome of boldness and courage. 2ith her strong determination and courage, she has been able to establish a niche for the firm in the business world. %he ?ompany has witnessed tremendous e-pansion during her tenure. Crom being a mere moped manufacturer, today, it has set its foothold in the industry as a manufacturer offering a complete range of two wheelers right from mopeds, scooters to motorcycles. %his major transformation can be attributed to the new competitie business strategy that the ?ompany has adopted, which is drien by the mar#et and customers. inetic ?ompany has been constantly coming up with new models to cater to all segments of the society. Sulajja has been instrumental in designing and implementing the mar#eting strategies of the ?ompany. In the recent times, inetic has collaborated with the well #nown Italian company, Italjet Moto. %his acquisition has gien full rights to the inetic ?ompany to launch seen new scooter models in the country. inetic is also wor#ing in partnership with yosung Motors of South orea. %his major collaboration has led to the launching of the most popular inetic *quila and ?omet. %hese motorcycles are ery much in demand. Sulajja has played an actie role in plotting the course of action for the inetic ?ompany. Cor her great job, she has receied many accolades. She has been called upon to delier speech in a number of public forums.
32
Women Entrepreneurship
WIndia %odayW, a well #nown maga4ine honored her by presenting her with the title of business WCace of the MillenniumW. It ran#ed her among the top twenty fie business entrepreneurs of the country. She was presented with the Society oung *chieerGs *ward for Business in the year 7>>7. %he same year, she was chosen as the W0lobal Neader of %omorrowW by the 2orld 5conomic Corum. In the year 7>>:, the Institute of Mar#eting and Management bestowed her with the award for e-cellent performance as the woman ?5/. She also receied the oung Super *chieer *ward from the leading maga4ine WBusiness %odayW in 7>>:.
33
Women Entrepreneurship
Ki7a+Ma!"0a7 Sha9
Jame
iranMa4umdar Shaw
Born on
March 7:, @8:
Place of birth
Bangalore
2or#s for
Biocon Ntd
Position
?hairman $ Managing )irector
Married to
Oohn shaw
*chieement( ?hairman $ Managing )irector of Biocon NtdV Celicitated with Padmashri !@<" and Padma Bhushan !7>>8". iranMa4umdar Shaw is the ?hairman $ Managing )irector of Biocon Ntd, IndiaGs biggest biotechnology company. In 7>>;, she became IndiaGs richest woman. iranMa4umdar Shaw was born on March 7:, @8: in Bangalore. She had her schooling at Bishop ?otton 0irls School and Mount ?armel ?ollege at Bangalore. *fter doing completing her B.Sc. in Uoology from Bangalore 9niersity in @H:, she went to Ballarat 9niersity in Melbourne, *ustralia and qualified as a master brewer.
34
Women Entrepreneurship
iranMa4umdar Shaw started her professional career as trainee brewer in ?arlton $ 9nited Beerages in @H;. In @H<, she joined as %rainee Manager with BioconBiochemicals Nimited in Ireland. In the same year, iranMa4umdar Shaw founded Biocon India in collaboration with BioconBiochemicals Nimited, with a capital of &s.@>,>>>. She initially faced many problems regarding funds for her business. Ban#s were hesitant to gie loan to her as biotechnology was a totally new field at that point of time and she was a woman entrepreneur, which was a rare phenomenon. BioconGs initial operation was to e-tract an en4yme from papaya. 9nder iranMa4umdar ShawGs stewardship Biocon transformed from an industrial en4ymes company to an integrated biopharmaceutical company with strategic research initiaties. %oday, Biocon is recognised as IndiaGs pioneering biotech enterprise. In 7>>;, Biocon came up with an IP/ and the issue was oer+subscribed by oer :> times. Post+IP/, iranMa4umdar Shaw held close to ;>A of the stoc# of the company and was regarded as IndiaGs richest woman with an estimated worth of &s. 7,@>> crore. iranMa4umdar Shaw is the recipient of seeral prestigious awards. %hese include 5% Businesswoman of the ear, Best 2oman 5ntrepreneur, Model 5mployer, 5rnst$ oungGs 5ntrepreneur of the ear *ward for Nife Sciences $ ealthcare, Neading 5-porter, /utstanding ?iti4en, %echnology Pioneer, etc. 0oernment of India also felicitated her with Padmashri !@<" and Padma Bhushan !7>>8".
35
Women Entrepreneurship
Nai+aLa3Ki09a
Jame
JainaNalidwai.
Born on
born in year @8H
Place of birth
India
2or#s for
SB? India
Position
?5/ and 0roup 0eneral Manager
Married to
&ashid . idwai
?hildren
/ne daughter
* prominent personality of the corporate world, she is the first woman to guide the functioning of a foreign ban# in India. *t present, she is wor#ing as the 0roup 0eneral Manager and ?ountry ead of SB? India. 2ell, we are tal#ing about the corporate dia JainaNalidwai. She was born in the year @8H. &aised in Mumbai and )elhi, she did her schooling from Simla. *lumna of )elhi 9niersity, she is the first Indian woman to hae graduated from arard
36
Women Entrepreneurship
Business School. She is among the top business women of India, who hae made it to the top with their constant hard wor# and sincerity. She began her career in the year @<7, when she joined the *JU 0rindlays Ban#, which is now #nown as the Standard ?hartered Ban#. She too# up a ariety of ban#ing assignments before moing to Morgan StanleyGs India operation. She #ept climbing the ladders of success. She played an important role in JS5 listing of 2ipro. She was instrumental in facilitating the cellular phone serices nationwide through a deal inoling the %atas and Birlas. Nast Joember, she became the Managing )irector of the SB? ban#.
In the year 7>>>, the Cortune maga4ine declared her as the third most powerful businesswoman in *sia. She is the mother of two children, who is maintaining a great balance between wor# and home. She is ery fond of Indian classical as well as western music. She loes to go on tre##ing tours to the imalayas. She is a nature loer, who has a #een interest in obsering the wildlife. Cor her praiseworthy wor#, JainaNalidwai has receied many accolades. er commendable wor# has been gien due recognition by honoring her with the Padmashri award.
37
Women Entrepreneurship
I+07aN**1i
Jame
IndraJooyi
Born on
/ctober 7<, @88
Place of birth
?hennai
2or#s for
Pepsi?o
Position
?hairman and ?hief 5-ecutie /fficer
Married to
&aj . Jooyi
?hildren
%wo daughters
P)7s*+a3:
IndraJooyi is married and has two daughters and lies in 0reenwich, ?onn. She enjoys cric#et and roc#+and+roll.
38
Women Entrepreneurship
Ea731 Lif):
*s a school girl in ?hennai, India, IndraJooyi had no in#ling that decades later, she would become the chief e-ecutie officer of Pepsi?o and one of the worlds most influential women.But she did hae an idea about what it would be li#e to be an *merican. “0rowing up in India, I had a long+distance loe affair with *merica,6 Jooyi said in a 7>@> speech to the Brennan ?enter for Oustice. “I admired eerything about this country X its ideals, its commitment to justice, equality and its willingness to brea# barriers.6 Jooyi has bro#en many barriers in rising from student immigrant to corporate titan. *fter earning a masters of business administration degree at the Indian Institute of Management ?alcutta in @H=, Jooyi came to the 9nited States to attend ale 9niersity and study public and priate management. Crom there, her loe affair with *merica too# root. She graduated from ale in @<> and joint a Boston consulting firm, sering clients in the te-tiles and consumer goods industries.
Ca7))7:
Between @<= and @>, she wor#ed for Motorola as ice president of corporate strategy and guided the companys deelopment of automotie and industrial electronics. She gained her 9.S. citi4enship in @>, and four years later, joined Pepsi?o. and quic#ly rose to chief financial officer by 7>>@ after directing the companys global strategy and internal restructuring. Jooyi is the architect of Pepsi?os long+term growth strategy called Performance with Purpose. %he company wants to e-pand its business while it also e-pands its commitment to “inesting in a healthier future for people and the planet.6 %he idea is to ma#e Pepsi?o products healthier and find innoatie ways to reduce the use of energy, water and pac#aging to protect the enironment.
39
Women Entrepreneurship
“%o us, Performance with Purpose doesnt mean we run our business normally and then do good deeds on the side,6 Jooyi has said. “It doesnt mean subtracting from the bottom line to boost our reputation or foregoing profits to ease our conscience. It means that we bring together what is good for our business with what is good for the world. It is about integrating purpose in eerything we do.6 In 7>@@, Jooyi, 8=, ran a company that had consumers in more than 7>> countries, T=> billion in reenue and nearly :>>,>>> employees worldwide. Pepsi?o has the worlds largest portfolio of billion+dollar food and beerage brands, including Yua#er /ats, %ropicana, 0atorade, Crito+Nay and the eponymous Pepsi+?ola. Jooyi seres as a member of a number of boards, including the 9.S.+?hina Business ?ouncil, the 9.S.+India Business ?ouncil, the ?onsumer 0oods Corum, and the Nincoln ?enter for the Performing *rts. She is also a member of the Coundation Board of the 2orld 5conomic Corum and the /bama administration appointed her to the 9.S.+India ?5/ Corum. She has sered as the honorary co+chair for the 2orld Oustice Project. “2e measure eerything we do along three plan#s,6 Jooyi says of Performance with Purpose. “uman sustainability is how we transform our portfolio and address the twin problems of oernutrition and undernutrition while giing people healthier options. 5nironmental sustainability is about how we leae the world a better place and about finding innoatie ways to reduce the use of energy, water, and pac#aging. %alent sustainability is about building a company where employees dont just ma#e a liing, they can hae a life and bring their whole seles to wor#.6
A9a70s:
*s the fifth ?5/ in Pepsi?os ;8+year history, Jooyi earns a total pac#age of salary, bonuses and stoc#s worth close to T@8 million a year. In 7>@>, she was named Jo. @ on Cortune maga4ines list of the 8> Most Powerful 2omen in the 2orld and routinely ran#s in the top @> of Corbes list. In 7>>, she was named ?5/ of the ear by the 0lobal Supply ?hain Neaders 0roup. 40
Women Entrepreneurship
NEED AND INPORTANCE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS:
It is imperatie to note the participation of women in economic actiities as self+ employed indiiduals. Many of the traditional occupations open to women were mainly based on caste, creed and the nature of self+employment based on the standard of liing. Presently, women are generating employment for themseles in an unorgani4ed sector and another category of women who proide employment for others. %he country needs to mobili4e and utili4e fully all its resources including human resources. %he participation of women in economic actiities is necessary not only from a human resource point of iew but also is essential een from the objectie of raising the status of women in the society. %he economic status of the women is now accepted as an indicator of a societys stage of deelopment and therefore it becomes imperatie for the goernment to frame policies for deelopment of entrepreneurship among women. %he long+term objecties of the deelopment programmers for women should aim to raise their economic and social status in order to bring them into the mainstream of national life and deelopment. Cor this, due recognition has to be accorded to the role and contribution of women in the arious social economic and political and cultural actiities.
41
Women Entrepreneurship
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS ARE BROADL DIVIDED INTO THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES:
-< Aff3!)+/ E+/7)=7)+)!7s:
*ffluent women entrepreneurs are those women entrepreneurs who hail from rich business families. %hey are the daughters, daughter+in laws, sisters, sister+in+laws and wies of affluent people in the society. Many of them are engaged in beauty parlous, interior decoration, boo# publishing, film distribution and the li#e. %he family supports the aboe type of entrepreneur in carrying out their responsibilities
< P!33 Fa6/*7s:
2omen in towns and cities ta#e up entrepreneurship as a challenge to do something new and to be economically independent. %hese are coming under the category of pull factors. %hey belong to educated women who generally la#e up small and medium industries where ris# is low. 9nder this category, women usually start serice centers schools, food catering centers, restaurants, grocery shops etc.
.. P!sh Fa6/*7s:
%here are some women entrepreneurs who accept entrepreneurial actiities to oercome financial difficulties. %he family situation forces them either to deelop the e-isting family business or to start new entures to improe the economic conditions of the family. Such categories of entrepreneurs are termed as push factors.
42
Women Entrepreneurship
%< S)3f$)"=3*1)0 E+/7)=7)+)!7:
Poor and ery poor women in illages and town rely heaily on their own efforts for sustenance. %hey start tiny and Small enterprises li#e brooms ma#ing, wa- candle ma#ing, proiding tea and coffee to offices, ironing of clothes #nitting wor#, tailoring firm etc. Such women are called self+ employed entrepreneurs.
(. R!7a3 E+/7)=7)+)!7s:
2omen in rural areas'illages start enterprises which needs least organi4ing s#ill and less ris#. )airy products, pic#les, fruit juices, pappads and jagger ma#ing are coming under this category of rural entrepreneur.
43
Women Entrepreneurship
FUTURE PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS:
If we see the present business and entrepreneur+ ship trend throughout the world, we can notice that the percentage or ratio of women entrepreneurs is growing tremendously. %his is a good indicator as if the aforesaid condition preails through a long period of time the number of women entrepreneurs will just double and een in certain sectors of economy it may triple in the coming 8+H years. %he emergence as well as deelopment of women entrepreneurs is quite isible in India and their oer+all contribution to Indian economy is also ery significant. %he occupational structure and the enterprises are undergoing a drastic change. I% and the Internet reolutioni4e the ery method of doing business. Jew types of enterprises are created, and there are new requirements as regards the organi4ation of wor#, qualifications and management. Cor e-ample in )en+ mar#, 5ntrepreneurial culture is undergoing a positie deelopment. %he 0oernment wants this trend to continue. %herefore the 0oernments industrial policy strategy . 7@ contain a series of political initiaties to foster the entrepreneurial culture and to improe the framewor# of proisions for all entrepreneurs, especially the women group of entrepreneurs. Seeral of the initiaties are especially useful for women entrepreneurs improement of the entrepreneurial culture, regional contact points and entrepreneur networ#s as well as more ready access to financing, especially to small loans. %hese initiaties are to be further adjusted to appeal to women entrepreneurs. *ll this is proiding immense confidence in the women entrepreneurs and enabling them to e-ercise their s#ills, ris# ta#ing abilities, uncertainty bearing attitude while wor#ing in an enterprise. %o inspire confidence and to “sell ones idea6 is the policynowadays being adopted by women entrepreneurs. *boe all, women want competent counseling in arious fields( such as namely( financing, liquidity, budgeting, etc. 2omen entrepreneurs also want more appreciation of their idea on the part of the ban#s. Many say, howeer, that they them+ seles must also be better at selling their idea. More+oer with increasing goernment and non+goernment and other financial institutions assistance for arious women entre+ preneurs within the economy there can be significant in+ crease brought about in the growth of women entrepreneur+ ship process. Still efforts are being made to coordinate with the enterprise actiities of women and proiding them utmost financial, morale, psychological support by arious institutions wor#ing within the economy and world+wide. 44
Women Entrepreneurship
STEPS TAKEN B THE GOVERNMENT
)eelopment of women has been a policy objectie of the goernment since independence. 9ntilthe H>s the concept of women3s deelopment was mainly welfare oriented. In @H>s, there was a shift from welfare approach to deelopment approach that recognised the mutually reinforcing nature of the process of deelopment. %he <>s adopted a multi+disciplinary approach with an U5JI% International Oournal of Multidisciplinary &esearch emphasis on three core areas of health, education and employment. 2omen were gien priorities in all the sectors including SSI sector. 0oernment and non goernment bodies hae paid increasing attention to women3s economic contribution through self employment and industrial entures. %he Cirst Cie+ear Plan !@8@+8=" enisaged a number of welfare measures for women. 5stablishment of the ?entral Social 2elfare Board, organi4ation of MahilaMandals and the ?ommunity )eelopment Programmes were a few steps in this direction. In the second Cie+ear Plan !@8=+=@", the empowerment of women was closely lin#ed with the oerall approach of intensie agricultural deelopment programmers. %he %hird and Courth Cie+ear Plans !@=@+== and @=+H;" supported female education as a major welfare measure. %he Cifth Cie+ear Plan !@H;+H" emphasi4ed training of women, who were in need of income and protection. %his plan coincided with International 2omen3s )ecade and the submission of &eport of the ?ommittee on the Status of 2omen in India. In@H=, 2omen3s welfare and )eelopment Bureau was set up under the Ministry of Social 2elfare. %he Si-th Cie+ear Plan !@<>+<8" saw a definite shift from welfare to deelopment. It recogni4ed women3s lac# of access to resources as a critical factor impending their growth.
45
Women Entrepreneurship
%he Seenth Cie+ear Plan !@<8+>" emphasi4ed the need for gender equality and empowerment. Cor the first time, emphasis was placed upon qualitatie aspects such as inculcation of confidence, generation of awareness with regards to rights and training in s#ills for better employment. %he 5ight Cie+ear Plan !@7+H" focused on empowering women, especially at the 0ross &oots Neel, through Panchayati &aj Institutions. %he Jinth Cie+ear Plan !@H+7>>7" adopted a strategy of 2omen3s ?omponent Plan, under which not less than :> percent of funds' benefits were earmar#ed for women related sectors. %he %enth Cie+ear Plan !7>>7+>H" aims at empowering women through translating the recently adopted Jational Policy for 5mpowerment of 2omen !7>>@" into action and ensuring Surial, Protection and )eelopment of women and children through rights based approach. *t present, the 0oernment of India has oer 7H schemes for women operated by different departments and ministries. Some of these are( @F Integrated &ural )eelopment Programme !I&)P" 7F hadi *nd Rillage Industries ?ommission !RI?" :F %raining of &ural outh for Self+5mployment !%&S5M"U5JI% ;F Prime Minister3s &ojgarojana !PM&" 8F 5ntrepreneurial )eelopment programme !5)Ps" =F Management )eelopment progammes HF 2omen3s )eelopment ?orporations !2)?s" F
%rade &elated 5ntrepreneurship *ssistance and )eelopment !%&5*)"
@@F
2or#ing 2omen3s Corum
@7F
Indira Mahil aojana
@:F
Indira Mahila endra
@;F
MahilaSamitiojana
@8F
MahilaRi#asJidhi
@=F
Micro ?redit Scheme
46
Women Entrepreneurship
@F &ashtriyaMahilaosh 7F SI)BI3s Mahila9dyamJidhi :F MahilaRi#asJidhi ;F SBI3s Stree Sha#ti Scheme 8F J0/3s ?redit Schemes =F Micro $ Small 5nterprises ?luster )eelopment Programmes !MS5+?)P". HF Jational Ban#s for *griculture and &ural )eelopment3s Schemes F
Mid 0angetic Plains3
@@F
J*B*&)+ f2+S52* Ban# projectU5JI%
@7F
International Oournal of Multidisciplinary &esearch
@:F 5-hibitions for women, under promotional pac#age for Micro $ Small enterprises approed by ??5* under mar#eting support
%he efforts of goernment and its different agencies are ably supplemented by J0/s that are playing an equally important role in facilitating women empowerment. )espite concerted efforts of goernments and J0/s there are certain gaps. /f course we hae come a long way in empowering women yet the future journey is difficult and demanding.
47
Women Entrepreneurship
FEUENC DISTRIBUTION -
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8.
3. $elow 18
30. 25.
18/25 26/35 36/45 46/55 55 and a$o&e
12. 22.
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
%his question is designed to get the personal information about the age of women entrepreneur. Most of the women lie in the age group of @< to 78 years i.e. :>A.
48
Women Entrepreneurship
# *!7 a2) 9h)+ 1*! s/a7/ /his #!si+)ss: A2)
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your age when you start your business. 7. 18. )elow 18 27.
18/25 26/35 36/45 46/55 36. 12.
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
%his question is designed to #now that at what age mostly women inole in the entrepreneurial actiity and from this i got to #now the most of the women start their own business at the age of @<+78 years.
49 Women
Entrepreneurship
< Ma7i/a3 S/a/!s F7)!)+61
P)76)+/
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10.
+arried eparated i&orced Widow 52.
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
%his question is designed to #now that how many women entrepreneur are married, unmarried, separated and diorced, widow. %hus i got to #now that majority of women entrepreneur are married i.e. 87A
50
Women Entrepreneurship
.< Whi6h =)7s*+ i+s=i7)s 1*! /* 0* 1*!7 *9+ 9*78 F7)!)+61
P)76)+/
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Which erson insires you to !o your own wor".
35. "amil! mem$er "riend 50.
Neigh$ors n! other
5. 10.
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
I hae designed this question to #now that what the major inspiration for the women is to start their own business and form this i hae got to #now that their family member hae inspired them the most to start their own business i.e. 8>A
51
Women Entrepreneurship
%< D* 1*! ha) a+1 );=)7i)+6) *f 9*78i+2 #)f*7) a+19h)7) F7)!)+61
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#o you ha$e any e%erience o& wor"ing be&ore anywhere 7.
Not at all 42. 33.
ome what +oderat el! er! much
18.
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
I hae mainly designed this question mainly to #now whether these women entrepreneur hae any preious wor# e-perience and thus from this I hae got to #now that most of the women dont hae any wor# e-perience<
52
Women Entrepreneurship
(< H*9 1*! 6a+ 9)33 0)fi+) /h) =!7=*s) *f 1*!7 >*#
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'ow you can well !e&ine the urose o& your (ob
o satis! !our inancial needs 23.
esire to eno! the o$ or its own rewards 5.
o pro&e !oursel 55.
o $ecome independent 17 .
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
%his question is designed to #now about what is the main purpose for the women entrepreneur to start this business and I found that mostly women start for satisfaction of their financial needs.
53
Women Entrepreneurship
4< D* /h) =)*=3) i+ /h) s*6i)/1 67i/i6i) !=*+ 1*! f*7 0*i+2 /his 9*78 F7)!)+6 1
P)76)+/
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#o the eole in the society critici)e uon you &or !oing this wor" 2.
28. Not at all 32.
ome what +oderatel! er! much
38.
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
I hae designed this question mainly to #now whether the women who are doing their own business face any criticism from the society and thus I hae got to #now these social cultural constraints are the major problem women are facing now days.
54
Women Entrepreneurship
'< A7) 1*! /a8i+2 a+1 *f /h) f*33*9i+2 s/)=s /* )+ha+6) 1*!7 s8i33s
F7)!)+61
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7)I!i7)0 fi)30 S))8i+2 a0i6) f7*" s*") );=)7i)+6)0 =)7s*+ T*/a3
Are you ta"ing any o& the &ollowing stes to enhance your s"ills
etting education 30.
etting computer training 50.
etting training in the re'uired ield 8.
12.
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
ee#ing ad&ice rom some eperienced person
I hae got to #now that mostly entrepreneur are getting training in the required to future enhance their s#ill, while only some of them are getting educated but only a small percentage is forced to get the computer training. 55
Women Entrepreneurship
5< Is 1*!7 fa"i31 s!==*7/i+2 1*! i+ 1*!7 a6/ii/i)s
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12.
8.
Not at all
30.
ome what +oderat el! er! much
50.
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
*nswer for this question is to some e-tent their family supports them <
56
Women Entrepreneurship
?< D* 1*! fa6) a+1 =7*#3)" i+ "a+a2i+2 1*!7 9*78 a+0 /h) =)7s*+a33if)
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13.
Not at all little $it +oder ate 40.
37.
lot o
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
%his question is designed to #now whether these women face any difficulty in managing their wor# and personal life. *ndi come to #now that these women face moderate difficulties in managing all this i.e. ;>A
57
Women Entrepreneurship
-&< Wha/ 9as /h) )71 fi7s/ =7*#3)" /ha/ 1*! fa6) 9hi3) s/a7/i+2 1*!7 #!si+)ss
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What was the $ery &irst roble+ that you &ace while starting your business. 3 .
8.
50.
E p e 19 r . i e n c e
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
+ e n t o r
n ! o
ther
ocial support20.
"inance
In this question i as#ed from
women
entrepreneurs about the ery first problem they face at the start of their business. *nd they said that
the
ery
first
problem they face is the
aailability
of
finance i.e. 8>A
58
Women Entrepreneurship
--< H*9 0* 1*! 7a+8 f*33*9i+2 i+ /h) *70)7 *f i"=*7/a+6) f*7 )+/7)=7)+)!7ia3 a6/ii/i)s
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'ow !o you ran" &ollowing in the or!er o& i+ortance &or entrereneurial acti$ities.
15. "inance 9ommunica tion
8.
raining 52.
+o$ilit! ocial support
20.
5.
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
In this question we as#ed about the importance of these things in their entrepreneurial actiities i.e. which thing is most important and which is least. ere I came to #now that finance is the most important and then training, social support, mobility and communication respectiely.
59
Women Entrepreneurship
-< Wha/ 0* 1*! /hi+8 2*/< sh*!30 0* /* =7*"*/) 9*")+ )+/7)=7)+)!7ia3 a6/ii/i)s F7)!)+6 1
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What !o you thin" go$t. shoul! !o to ro+ote wo+en entrereneurial actiti$ities. terms o microin ance; 22.
:pen &ocation al training institutes in rural areas
46.
:ther
32. (elaatio n in the
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
th
r y hae said that they should do
e
w wor#shops or seminar, gies more
op
h opportunities or priileges to these
tio
e women as well as to promote their
n
r attempt of this enture.
%he question is designed to #nowan that what the goernment should toy
e
theseot actiities. ere they hae chosenhe
h
do
for
promotion
of
t e
60
Women Entrepreneurship
-.< Wha/ /1=) *f )+/)7=7is) a7) 1*! )+2a2)0 i+
F7)!)+61
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What tye o& enterrise are you engage! in. 2. 3.
r ad e
35.
er&ices +anuacture n! other 60.
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
In this question I as#ed about the type of business they are engaged in and most of the women are engaged in serice business i.e. =>A
61
Women Entrepreneurship
-%< Wha/ 9as /h) "a>*7 s*!76) *f "*+)1 1*! s/a7/)0 /his )+/)7=7is) 9i/h
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Borrowed'got
from
loan
financial institution
5
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from
other
enterprise'business Borrowed
a
from
What was the +a(or source o& +oney you starte! this entrerise with. )orrowed
27.
a&ings o&er a period o time 7. a&ings rom other enterprise<$usines s
)orrowed rom a riend
=elp rom riend
18.
8.
:ther
62
Women Entrepreneurship
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
In this question I was mainly concerned to #now about that form where mostly women entrepreneur arrange for their start up finance and thus from this I hae got to #now the main source they employ are the saing oer a period of time and help from friendL relatie.
63
Women Entrepreneurship
-(< Is /h) )+/)7=7is) 7)2is/)7)0 F7)!)+6 1
P)76)+/
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42. !es no 58.
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
%his question mainly address to one of the most important issues that women are facing because of no registration of their wor# and een today the percentage of unregistered wor# is more than that of registered and because of this their wor# is unable to get so much recognition.
64
Women Entrepreneurship
-4< D* 1*! 6*+/7i#!/) "*+)1 f7*" 1*!7 #!si+)ss /*9a70s h*!s)h*30 );=)+0i/!7)
F7)!)+61
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#o you contribute +oney &ro+ your business towar!s househol! e%en!iture. +o der ate
5.
ome 37. what
58.
I
%
65
Women Entrepreneurship
-'< Ha) 1*! /a8) a+1 /1=) *f /7ai+i+2 #)f*7) *7 af/)7 /h) s/a7/ *f /his #!si+)ss
F7)!)+61
P)76)+/
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T7ai+i+2 #)f*7) s/a7/ *f #!si+)ss
%
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'a$e you ta"e any tye o& training be&ore or a&ter the start o& this business. 10.
raining $eore start o $usiness
20.
raining ater start o $usiness No training 70.
I+/)7=7)/a/i*+:
In this question I was mainly concerned to #now about the Aage of women who ta#e training related to their business and thus I found that about <>A of these women ta#e training related to their business before starting it.
66
Women Entrepreneurship
CONCLUSTION
India is brimming with the success stories of women. %hey stand tall from the rest of the crowd and are applauded for their achieements in their respectie field. %hese women leaders ar e assertie, persuasie and willing to ta#e ris#s. %hey managed to surie and succeed in this cut throat competition with their hard wor#, diligence and perseerance.
*bility to learn quic#ly from her abilities, her persuasieness, open style of problem soli ng, willingness to ta#e ris#s and chances, ability to motiate people, #nowing how to win and lose gracefully are the of the Indian women entrepreneurs. In a surey it is reealed that the female entrepreneurs from India are generating more wealth than the women in any part of the world. %he basic qualities required for entrepreneurs and the basic characters of Indian women, reeal that, much potential is aailable among the Indian women on their entrepreneurial ability. %his potential is to be recogni 4ed, brought out and e-posed for utili4ation in productie and serice sectors for the deelopmen t of the nation.
It can be said that today we are in a better position wherein women participation in the field of entrepreneurship is increasing at a considerable rate. 5fforts are being ta#en at the economy as brought promise of equality of opportunity in all spheres to the Indian women and laws guaranteed equal rights of participation in political process and equal opportunities and rights in education and employment were enacted. But unfortunately, the goernment sponsored deelopment actiities hae benefited only a small section of women i.e. the urban middle class women. 2omen sector occupies nearly ;8A of the Indian population. *t this juncture, effectie steps are needed to proide entrepreneurial awareness, orientation and s#ill deelopment programs to women. %he role of 2omen entrepreneur in economic deelopment is also being recogni4ed and steps are being ta#en to promote women entrepreneurship. &esurgence of entrepreneurship is the need of the hour emphasi4ing on educating women strata of population, 67
Women Entrepreneurship
spreading awareness and consciousness amongst women to outshine in the enterprise field, ma#ing them reali4e their strengths, and important position in the society and the great contribution they can ma#e for their industry as well as the entire economy. 2omen entrepreneurship must be moulded properly with entrepreneurial traits and s#ills to meet the changes in trends, challenges global mar#ets and also be competent enough to sustain and strie for e-cellence in the entrepreneurial arena. If eery citi4en wor#s with such an attitude towards respecting the important position occupied by women in society and understanding their ital role in the modern business field too, then ery soon we can pre+estimate our chances of out beating our own conseratie and rigid thought process which is the biggest barrier in our country3s deelopment process. 2e always iewed that a smart woman can pic# up a job any day, but if she becomes an entrepreneur she can proide a lielihood to @> more women at least..ZZ ighly educated, technically sound and professionally qualified women should be encouraged for managing their own business, rather than dependent on wage employment outlets. %he une-plored talents of young women can be identified, trained and used for arious types of industries to increase the productiity in the industrial sector. 2omen are naturals when it comes to multitas#ing. %hey can deftly handle home, business and entrepreneurship. %hey are a great resource that remains untapped till date. 2omen entrepreneurs are more cautious, and will usually !read ta#e calculated ris#s. %hey are great at communication and at building relationships, and are great at problem+soling. %hey dont really need to go to a B+School to learn management techniques, they are naturals at itZ *s women, I thin# we should encourage other women to set up business and grow into employers and eentually become wealth generators. %hey just need to be coninced that they can. I wish more ban#s ' financial institutions would come forward to assist women entrepreneurs.
68
Women Entrepreneurship
SUGGESTIONS:
@F 0oernment should arrange e-hibitions on quarterly, semiannually or annual basis to promote the wor# of women entrepreneurs in the rural areas as this will proide them a platform where they can bring their wor# on scene.
7F 0oernment should train the employees who wor# in the micro financialinstitutions as to how to deal with the customers and tell them the benefits of thescheme.
:F 0oernment should do e-tensie ad campaigns to promote the wor# of thesewomen not only within the country but also at the international leel.
;F *wareness should be created among these women as to how they can gainsuccess in their business by getting proper education and getting required s#ills.
8F %here should be rela-ations in the terms of micro finance so that they can easily start their own business.
=F Society should not only support but also encourage such women who are source of pride for the nation.
HF Special buses should be run for females so that they do not face any #ind of problem while traeling.
69
Women Entrepreneurship
LIMITATION AND SCOPE OF THE STUD
@F -roect sur&e! has $een conducted in +um$ai itsel; +ost o the respondents are rom +um$ai;
7F % ha&e to conduct sur&e! at least with 60 respondents within +um$ai; +! proect is $asicall! related on women entrepreneur and their pro$lems related 'uestions; :F -oorresponse rom respondents in pro&iding necessar! rele&ant primar! data; ;F *imited a&aila$ilit! o time or the stud!
8F *imited a&aila$ilit! o women entrepreneur to gather proper womenentrepreneurs data$ase;
=F N0 co/operation o women entrepreneur in gi&ing some critical inormation or the stud!;
HF eographical limitation or the stud! was limited onl! to certain selected regions o +um$ai;
70
Women Entrepreneurship
SURVE UESTIONS<
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