ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02:
Pipeline Systems Engineering and Routing Considerations
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Assistant Professor Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
Lecture 02 Objective
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To provide an overview of subsea pipeline systems engineering engineering and key factors in pipeline routing
© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Pipeline Systems Primary Function
Product Transport
Key Elements
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Liquid hydrocarbons Natural gas Natural gas liquids Water Chemicals Product type Delivery rate Operating pressure Distance from field development to market Current and future demand/cap demand/capacity acity © 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Pipeline Transportation Systems
Flowlines
Gathering Lines
Connecting multiple flow fl owliline nes s to a production facility
Export Pipeline
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Field development to a subsea manifold or production facility
Transport from a production facility to domestic or international market © 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Project Phases
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© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Systematic Approach
Management
Technical
Development plan Design basis Safety plan
Auxiliary
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Project execution plan
Project summary Economic benefits plan Environmental impact assessment Socio-economic impact assessment
© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Project Execution Plan
Overview
Primary Components
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Early stage, live document, project wide Client objectives, drivers and risk tolerance Project scope and deliverables Organizationall hierarchy, roles and responsibiliti Organizationa responsibilities es Execution strategies for engineering, quality, procurement, construction, commissioning commissioning and safety Project schedule Integrated communication protocols and decision making processes © 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Design Basis
Overview
Primary Components
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Early stage, live document, project wide Clear, complete and authoritative reference Pipeline system overview Operational parameters Environmental and physical data Materials engineering Design issues and constraints Design methodology and philosophy © 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Major Design Issues
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Product Characterization Route Selection Materials Selection Hydraulic Analysis Mechanical Design Coatings Components and Assemblies Constructability and Intervention Operation, Inspection and Repair Decommissioning and Abandonment © 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Major Cost Factors
Linepipe Tonnage
Material Transportation Length • Alignment &
Ref: SEIC (2005)
heading changes
Example
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US$25k / WT(mm)-D(m)-L(km) 762mm OD; 100km; 17.1mm⇒22.2mm WT US$10M differential ≈
≈
© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Major Cost Factors (cont.)
Vessel Selection
Performance Water depth range Tension limits
Construction Vessel Time
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Castoro Sei
Alignment, heading angle Stinger change-out Platform, landfall approach Crossings, interactions Monitored, restricted lay operations © 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
Ref: Saipem (2006)
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Major Cost Factors (cont.)
Route Intervention Activities Dredging Trenching Pre-sweeping Rock dumping Span correction
Ref: Saipem (2006)
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© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Overview
Pipeline Route Characteriza Characterization tion
System Environment Characterization
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Landfall and platform approaches Length, kilometer post and intermediate stations Changes in alignment and elevation profile
Political and social factors Physical and environmental factors Engineered systems
© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Critical Activity
Upfront Planning and Assessment
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Desk study • “Ounce of prevention >> pound of cure” Utilize available resources • Regulator and operator experience & lessons learned • Government departments & agencies • New technologies, data acquisition & historical archives Uncertainty • Prioritize and plan for engineering surveys
© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Politics
Landfall and Platform Approaches
Ref: Lanan (2007) Ref: Saipem (2006)
Ref: BHP (2005)
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© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Politics
Regional and International Scope
Political, civil or military instability Jurisdictions & regulations Archaeological, historical significance Examples
• • • • •
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Ref: Saipem (2006)
Black Sea Europipe Oman–India Medgaz Vancouver Island & Georgia Strait
© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Remote Sensing Ref: Hansen (2005)
Ref: Google (2005)
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© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Existing Data
Ref: EnCana (2002)
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© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Sensitive Areas
Environmental
Significant or sensitive ecosystem
• Wetlands, estuaries, northern environments Resident habitat Breeding grounds Migration patterns
Cumulative effects
Military Zones Ref: EnCana (2002)
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© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Seabed Characteristics
Bathymetry & Slope Soil Properties
Type Index & strength Spatial distribution
Ref: BCOG (2001)
F
W 20
© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
Ref: NOAA (2005)
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Seabed Characteristics
Significant Features
Ref: Hydro (2005) Ref: Hansen (2005)
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© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Seabed Characteristics
Seabed Mobility Sediment transport Sand ndwa wave ve mi migr grat atio ion n Sa Scour
Ref: Heap (2004)
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© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Seabed Hazards
Seismic
Mass
Faulting Liquefaction Slides Spreads Falls Flows
Ref: BCOG (2001)
Subsurface
Shallow gas
• •
Pockmarks Subsidence
Subsea vents
•
Pinnacles Ref: Trifunac et et al. al. (2002)
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© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Physical Environment Ref: NASA (2005)
Currents
Systems, tidal, delta, loop Surface
Waves
Wind induced • Shallow water, breaking • Bathymetry, refraction, wave crest orthogonality
Internal • Pycnocline [density] ø (water temp., salinity)
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© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Physical Environment
Seabed Use and Obstacles
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Oil and gas industry developments Communications Mobile and fixed gear fishing zones Shipping traffic lanes Military exercise zones Military/civilian Military/civil ian dumping grounds Mining, dredging zones Expected or anticipated future operations, developments Shipwrecks © 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Physical Environment
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Uniq Un ique ue Fea Featu ture res s – Ic Ice e Goug Gougin ing g
© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Physical Environment
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Uniq Un ique ue Fea Featu ture res s – Ic Ice e Goug Gougin ing g
© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Physical Environment
Unique Features – Strudel Scour
Ref: MMS (2005)
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© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Route Selection – Physical Environment
Unique Features – Pe Perrmafrost
Ref: NRCan (2005)
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© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
Reading List 1.
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Chaudhuri, J and Nash, I. (2005). Medgaz: the ultra-deep pipeline. Pipeline World, June, 10p. [2005_Pipeline_World_06_Medgaz_Pipe line.pdf]
© 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
References
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BCOG (2001). BC Offshore Oil & Gas Technology Update. JWEL Project No. BCV50229, October 19, 2001 BHP (2005). http://www.bhpbilliton.com EnCana (2002 (2002). ). Developmen Developmentt Plan – Revise Revised d Volume Volume 2, Deep Panuke Offshor Offshore e Gas Development Project, 142p. Google (2005). earth.google.com Hansen, B. (2005). How Hydro’s Ormen Lange Project Can Contribute to the Development Development of the Russian Arctic. Proc., IBC Arctic Oil and Gas Development Conference, Challenges and Opportuniti Oppor tunities es – The Technology Technology Solution, Solution, London, London, UK. Heap, A. (2004). (2004). “Shifting sands the clue to the vanishing seagrasses.” AusGEO, 75 September, p.32-34. Hydro (2005). http://www.hydro.com/ormenlange/en Lanan, G. (2007). Offshore Arctic Pipeline Operations. Proc., IBC Offshore Oil and Gas in Arctic and Cold Waters Conference, Stavanger, Norway Saipem Saipe m (2006 (2006). ). http:// http://www.saip www.saipem.en em.eni.it/in i.it/index.as dex.asp p SEIC (2005). http://www.sakhalinenergy.com/ Trifunac, Trifun ac, M.D., A. Hayir Hayir and M.I. Todorovsk Todorovska a (2002 (2002)) “Was Grand Grand Banks event event of 1929 1929 a slump spreading in two directions?” Soil Dynamics and and Earthquake Engineering, 22, pp.349-360. MMS (2005). www.mms.gov NASA (2005). http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ NOAA (2005). Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, http://www.oar.noaa.gov/ NRCan (2005). http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/inter/index_e.html © 2008 S. S. Kenny, Kenny, Ph.D., Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 8673 8673 Subsea Pipeline Pipeline Engineering Engineering – Lectur Lecture e 02
