03 FormationProperties RAW

      1-2

UTC

 Sim imple ple / “C “Clean lean” ”

“Dirty”

Shale

Complex

1-3

UTC

  •          –            –         –            –         –                 –        

1-4

UTC

    •                •           –     –             –   –              

1-5

UTC





=

Good Porosity = Lots of Space for Petroleum

V P V  B

Pore-Filling Cement Reduces Porosity Quartz grain

Calcite cement

 

•    

Total Pore Space Bulk Volume

•    

 Interconne cted 

Pore Space

Bulk Volume

1-7

UTC

    •                      

1-8

UTC

    •   

    

•   

      

•   

   

•   

 

       

•  

        

•   

       

•    

      

 

1-9

UTC

      •        •            •          

1-10

UTC

 

1 - 11

UTC

    •       –         –          –      –                 

1-12

UTC



   •          •      •            

1-13

UTC

  •                 •                 

1-14

UTC

Definition of the Darcy Unit                                                 

•   •     •    •     •    •    

1-15

UTC

     

Clastic Reservoir

100

   )    d   m 10    (   y    t    i    l    i    b   a1   e   m   r   e   p 0.1   e   r   o    C 0.01

0.001 0

Good correlation

1-16

5

10

15

20

25

Core porosity (%)

UTC

     100,000 10,000 1,000

   )    D   m 100    (     y    t    i    l 10    i    b   a   e 1   m   r   e   p 0.1   e   r   o    C

0.01

0.001 0

Poor correlation

1-17

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Core porosity (%)

UTC

    

1-18

UTC

  

1-19

UTC

                     

 * (1-Sw) Hydrocarbon Water

(1-)

 * Sw

Matrix

 * Sw=amount of water per unit volume  * (1-Sw)=amount of hydrocarbon per unit volume 1-20

UTC

 

     –               –         –       

Hydrocarbon

 –         Water

Sw = 100%

Water Sw = 70%

 –                            

1-21

UTC

Saturation (Sw)   Empirical constant (usually near unity)

Sw

Water saturation, fraction

=

n

Saturation exponent (also usually near 2)

a  R  Rw

 f  

m

Porosity, fraction 1-22

Resistivity of formation water, !-m

 R  R t 

Cementation exponent (usually near 2)

Resistivity of uninvaded formation, !-m UTC

 

1-23

UTC

  •         



 



           

 –  

  

 –  

  



   

 –  

 –       

  

!       



  

   

     

   

  

!   

      

 

  





   





    

!









 

    

  

 

     –      1 - 24





 

  

UTC

   •          –       

•            •         

     



    

1-25

UTC

To be continued to next sessions …… (Tool Theory and Interpretation)



1-26

UTC