3/29/2014
TKJ SMKN 1 KOTA BEKASI
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Beberapa Perangkat Jaringan yang biasa digunakan:
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Repeater Hub NIC Bridge Switch Router
Peralatan tersebut mempunyai fungsi dan kegunaan masing-masing
1
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3/29/2014
Pembag Pembagian ian peralat peralatan an jaringan jaringan bisa bisa direlas direlasika ikan n dengan dengan layerlayer-lay layer er yang yang ada pada pada OSI Layer Layer Pembag Pembagian ian peralat peralatan an jaringan jaringan direlas direlasika ikan n dengan dengan layerin layering g dida didasa sark rkan an pada pada cara cara kerja kerja peral peralat atan an yang yang ada hubu hubung ngan anny nya a deng dengan an pengalamat pengalamatan an pada masing-m masing-masing asing layer Pembag Pembagian ian Peralat Peralatan an Jaringa Jaringan n berdas berdasark arkan an layeri layering ng : Layer Layer 1 (Physi (Physical cal Layer) Layer) : Peralatan Peralatan bekerja bekerja seperti seperti media media Repeater Hub Layer Layer 2 (Data Link) : Peralatan Peralatan bekerja bekerja memanfaat memanfaatkan kan pengalama pengalamatan tan phisik phisik layer2(MAC layer2(MAC)) NIC Bridge Switch Layer 3 (Network (Network Layer) : Peralatan bekerja memanfaatkan memanfaatkan pengalamatan logic layer3 (IP) ◦
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Router
Switch layer3
Sinyal selama travel mempunyai batas max. panjang sesuai media masing-masing sebelum menjadi lemah dan menjadi sampah Pelemahan biasa disebut dengan . Attenuation bertambah bertambah karena:
Bertambahnya panjang kabel Bertambahnya node/titik/komputer yang terkoneksi ke jaringan
Medium
Max Distance
Twisted Pair
100 meters
Co
ial ial Cab Cable le 185/ 185/50 500 0 mete mete
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3/29/2014
Repeater Repeater berguna untuk menguatkan sinyal selama terjadi pelemahan sinyal
Dengan menggunakan menggunakan repeater jarak yang bisa ditempuh sinyal bisa ditambah 10Base-T max. panjang yang diijinkan 100 meters. Satu Contoh: 10Base-T repeater dapat memperpanjang jarak menjadi dua kali lipat menjadi 200 meters! menguatkan sinyal tidak lebih, tidak ada Repeater hanya berfungsi menguatkan fungsi tambahan yang lebih smart, sehingga dikatakan peralatan layer 1 jaringan
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3/29/2014
Ada batasan banyaknya repeater yang boleh dipakai dalam satu jaringan, disebut dengan aturan Repeater akan membagi jaringan, nama bagian jaringan tsb disebut Max repeater yang diperbolehkan diperbolehkan hanya Jika dipasang empat repeater, maka akan terbentuk segmnet jaringan Dari lima segment, yang boleh ada hostnya/komputer hostnya/komputer hanya segment Ada segment yang dibiarkan dibiarkan kosong tanpa ada komputer Ini terjadi pada jaringan yang besar biasa dikatakan 1 domain collision (akan dibicarakan lebih lanjut) yang besar.
Ketika mulai diperkenalkan teknologi star, dibutuhkan peralatan sebagai concentrator, maka diciptakan hub Hub merupakan mulitport repeater. Prinsip hub, data yang datang dari satu port akan dikeluarkan ke semua port kecuali port sumber.
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3/29/2014
Nope
Data yang dikirim akan membanjiri semua port hub keculai port sumber data
Nope
For me!
Nope
Network Interface Card (NIC) definisi dari whatis.com www.whatis.c www.wha tis.com om “ . Personal computers and workstations workstations on a local area network (LAN (LAN)) typically contain a network interface card specific card specifically ally designed designed for the LAN transmission technology, such as Ethernet or token ring.. Network interface cards provide a dedicated, full-time connection ring
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3/29/2014
Bridge merupakan switch switch yang hanya terdiri dari dua. Digunakan sebagai pembagi segment dalam LAN. Bekerja menggunakan table bridge yang berisikan port dan MAC address Bridge belajar ttg device yang terkoneksi ke portnya untuk
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3/29/2014
Bridge terdiri 2 port, Setiap port menghubungkan segment LAN Bridge bekerja dan belajar berdasarkan paket yang masuk ke portnya (membaca MAC Address Paket). Ketika data ditransfer bridge akan mengambil source MAC dan dimasukkan ke tabel bridge direlasikan dengan portnya Dengan melihat melihat paket Bridge bisa mengambil keputusan apakah data diteruskan atau dinlok Jika paket dari MAC di port1 dengan dengan tujuan MAC di port1, maka paket akan diblok untuk masuk ke port2 Tapi jika paket dari MAC di port1 tujuan MAC di port2 d ata akan diteruskan Dengan sistem ini diharapkan data tidak terlalu membanjiri jaringan
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3/29/2014
Source Address Table Port ort Sourc ource e MAC MAC Add Add.
Port ort Sourc ource e MAC MAC Add Add.
3333 1111
switch
1111
3333
Abbreviated Abbreviated MAC
addresses
2222
4444
Switch punya source address table di cache (RAM) yang menyimpan source MAC address dan relasinya dengan Port switch setelah belajar dari traffic di jaringan. Switch menerima frame Ethernet dan mengambil source address table dan Destination MAC address. address. Ini akan dicocokkan dengan tabel dan hanya akan diteruskan ke port yang sesuai. Jika tidak tidak ditemukan ditemukan seluruh seluruh port akan dikirim data.
Source Address Table Port ort Sourc ource e MAC MAC Add Add.
1
Port ort Sourc ource e MAC MAC Add Add.
1111
3333 1111
switch
Bagaimana dia belajar source MAC addresses?
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3/29/2014
Source Address Table Port ort Sourc ource e MAC MAC Add Add.
1
1111
Port ort Sourc ource e MAC MAC Add Add.
6
3333
1111 3333
switch
1111
3333
Abbreviated Abbreviated MAC
Ketika 3333 mengirim data balik ke 1111. Switch akan menyimpan 333 ke tabelnya dia. Selanjutnya, mengecek DA di tabelnya dia, berada pada port 1 maka di , hanya dikirim ke port 1, port lain tidak menerima
addresses
2222
4444
Source Address Table Port ort Sourc ource e MAC MAC Add Add.
1 9
1111 4444
switch
Port ort Sourc ource e MAC MAC Add Add.
6
3333
3333 1111
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3/29/2014
Collision Domain, merupan domain tabrakan pada suatu LAN Terjadi karena sistem CSMA/CD yang memakai satu media dipakai ramai-ramai, sehingga memungkinkan pengiriman data secara bersamaan pada satu media, akibatnya terjadi tabrakan/collision Collision domain tejadi pada repeater dan hub, tidak pernah terjadi pada switch sbb switch membuat aliran sendiri-sendiri setiap transmisi data Bridge dan switch bisa dikatakan membagi/memecah collision domain menjadi 2 atau lebih collision domain
Broadcast terjadi jika pengirim tidak mengetahui alamat data yang dituju, dia berusaha menyiarkan ke seluruh LAN yang
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3/29/2014
Repeater
Tidak
Tidak
Tidak
Hub
Tidak
Tidak
Tidak
Bridge
Ya
Tidak
Ya
Switch
Ya
Tidak
Ya
Switch dengan Vlan
Ya
Ya
Ya
Router
Ya
Ya
Ya
hub hub = bra brapa papu pun n port portny nya a hany hanya a memi memili liki ki satu satu collisi collision on domain, domain, dan satu broadc broadcast ast domain domain.. brid bridge ge & swi switch tch = pada pada masin masing g masin masing g port portny nya a
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3/29/2014
collusion domain 4 dan broadc broadcast ast domai domainn nnya ya 1