LIWKRAIFLIPJE ^AEEPKAI
BOA^JE MJX PRJML@[
POLAR[
Boapje Mjs Prjml`y Pol Boapje mjs trjml`y wjs tol mrljtlst ki`ustrkje `ksjstlr ki tol ware` tojt taac pejhl jt j \ikai \ikai Hjrbk`l plstkhk`l pejit ki tol Ki`kji hkty ag Boapje, Fj`oyj ^rj`lso. Jt fk`ikmot ai 8 @lhlfblr :;?0, tol pejit jhhk`litjeey rleljsl` fltoye ksahyjijtl (FKH) mjs, lxpaskim farl toji <>>,>>> plapel ta FKH ji` atolr holfkhjes. Pol gkrst aggkhkje kffl`kjtl `ljto taee wjs 2,2<;. Pol mavlriflit ag Fj`oyj ^rj`lso ojs haigkrfl` j tatje ag 8,=?= `ljtos rlejtl` ta tol mjs rleljsl. Atolrs lstkfjtl ?,>>>-:>,>>> `kl` wktoki =2 oaurs ji` 2<,>>> ojvl skihl `kl` graf mjs-rlejtl` `ksljsls. Xafl 8,<>> plapel `kl` kffl`kjtley woli j starjml tjic ag tol pejit rui by \X mraup \ikai Hjrbk`l -baumot by @aw Holfkhjes ki :;;; -- splwl` tol paksai mjs avlr tol papuejtl` seufs ag Boapje ki hlitrje Ki`kj. Pol tatje `ljto taee graf paeeutkai ji` kts sk`l lgglhts oj` hekfbl` ta farl toji :<,>>> by 2>>=, jhhar`kim ta mavlriflit gkmurls, but Ki`kji rkmots jhtkvksts sjy tol rlje gkmurl ks `aubel tojt. Xafl 27 yljrs jgtlr tol mjs eljc, 8;> taiils ag taxkh holfkhjes jbji`ail` jt tol \ikai Hjrbk`l pejit haitkiul ta paeeutl tol mraui` wjtlr ki tol rlmkai ji` jgglhts toausji`s rlsk`lits ag Boapje woa `lpli` ai kt. Polrl jrl hurrlitey hkvke ji` hrkfkije hjsls rlejtl` ta tol `ksjstlr aimakim ki tol \iktl` Xtjtls @kstrkht Haurt, Fjiojttji ji` tol @kstrkht Haurt ag Boapje, Ki`kj jmjkist \ikai Hjrbk`l, iaw awil` by @aw Holfkhje Hafpjiy, wkto jrrlst wjrrjits pli`kim jmjkist ]jrrli Ji`lrsai, HLA ag \ikai Hjrbk`l jt tol tkfl ag tol `ksjstlr. Pol \ikai Hjrbk`l Ki`kj, Ekfktl` (\HKE) gjhtary wjs lstjbeksol` ki :;7; iljr Boapje. <:% wjs awil` by \ikai Hjrbk`l Harparjtkai (\HH) ji` 0;% by Ki`kji jutoarktkls. Kt pra`uhl` tol plstkhk`l hjrbjrye (trj`lfjrc Xlvki). Ki :;=; j fltoye ksahyjijtl (FKH) pra`uhtkai pejit wjs j``l` ta tol sktl. FKH, ji kitlrfl`kjtl ki hjrbjrye fjiugjhturl, wjs usl` kistlj` ag elss ojzjr`aus but farl lxpliskvl fjtlrkjes. @urkim tol ikmot ag @lhlfblr 2 ‘8, ‘8, :;?0, ejrml jfauits ag wjtlr litlrl` tjic 7:>, ha itjkikim 02 taiils ag fltoye ksahyjijtl. Pol rlsuetkim rljhtkai kihrljsl` tol tlfplrjturl kisk`l tol tjic, rjkskim tol prlssurl ta j elvle tol tjic wjs iat `lskmil` ta wktostji`. Poks garhl` tol lflrmlihy vlitkim ag prlssurl graf tol FKH oae`kim oae`kim tjic, rleljskim j ejrml vaeufl vaeufl ag taxkh mjsls. J fkxturl ag paksaiaus mjsls geaa`l` tol hkty ag Boapje, hjuskim mrljt pjikh js plapel wacl up wkto j burikim slisjtkai ki tolkr euims. Poausji`s `kl` kffl`kjtley graf tol lgglhts ag tol mjs ji` fjiy wlrl trjfpel` ki tol pjikh. Pol mjs heau` hafpasl` stjyl` heasl ta tol mraui` ji` sprlj` autwjr`s toraumo tol surraui`kim haffuikty. Pol kiktkje lgglhts ag lxpasurl wlrl haumokim, vafktkim, slvlrl lyl krrktjtkai ji` j gllekim ag suggahjtkai. ^lapel jwjclil` by tolsl syfptafs gel` jwjy graf tol pejit. Poausji`s ag plapel oj` suhhufbl` by tol farikim oaurs. Polrl wlrl fjss guilrjes ji` fjss hrlfjtkais js wlee js `kspasje ag ba`kls ki tol Ijrfj`j rkvlr. :=>,>>> plapel wlrl trljtl` jt oaspktjes ji` tlfparjry `ksplisjrkls. 2,>>> buggjea, majts, ji` atolr jikfjes wlrl haeelhtl` ji` burkl`. ]ktoki j glw `jys, eljvls ai trlls yleeawl` ji` glee agg. Xuppekls, kiheu`kim gaa`, blhjfl shjrhl awkim ta suppeklrs' sjglty gljrs. Pol hjtjstrapol rjksl` safl slrkaus ltokhje kssuls. Pol plstkhk`l gjhtary wjs buket ki tol fk`st ag `lisley papuejtl` slttelflits. \HKE hoasl ta starl ji` pra`uhl FKH, ail ag tol fast `lj`ey holfkhjes (plrfkttl` lxpasurl elvles ki \XJ ji` Brktjki jrl >.>2 pjrts plr fkeekai), ki ji jrlj wolrl iljrey :
LIWKRAIFLIPJE ^AEEPKAI
BOA^JE MJX PRJML@[
POLAR[
:2>,>>> plapel ekvl`. Pol FKH pejit wjs iat `lskmil` ta oji`el j ruijwjy rljhtkai. ]oli tol uihaitraeel` rljhtkai stjrtl`, FKH wjs geawkim toraumo tol shrubblr (fljit ta ilutrjekzl FKH lfksskais) jt farl toji 2>> tkfls kts `lskmil` hjpjhkty. FKH ki tol tjic wjs gkeel` ta ?=% ag kts hjpjhkty wokel tol fjxkfuf plrfksskbel wjs <>%. FKH wjs iat starl` jt zlra `lmrll hlitkmrj`l js prlshrkbl` ji` tol rlgrkmlrjtkai ji` haaekim systlfs oj` blli sout `awi gkvl faitos blgarl tol `ksjstlr, js pjrt ag \HH's meabje lhaiafy `rkvl. Wktje mjumls ji` ki`khjtars ki tol FKH tjic wlrl `lglhtkvl. Pol gejrl tawlr fljit ta buri agg FKH lfksskais wjs ui`lr rlpjkr jt tol tkfl ag tol `ksjstlr ji` tol shrubblr haitjkil` ia hjustkh sa`j. Js pjrt ag \HH's `rkvl ta hut hasts, tol warc garhl ki tol Boapje gjhtary wjs braumot `awi by ojeg graf :;?> ta :;?0. Poks oj` slrkaus haislqulihls ai sjglty ji` fjkitlijihl. Pol skzl ag tol warc hrlw gar tol FKH pejit wjs hut ki ojeg graf twlevl ta skx warclrs. Pol fjkitlijihl suplrvksar pasktkai oj` blli lekfkijtl` ji` tolrl wjs ia fjkitlijihl suplrvksar. Pol plrka` ag sjglty-trjkikim ta warclrs ki tol FKH pejit wjs braumot `awi graf 7 faitos ta : < `jys. J tatje ag 87 wjr`s wlrl fjrcl` by tol jutoarktkls js blkim "mjs jgglhtl`", jgglhtkim j papuejtkai ag <2>,>>>. Ag tolsl, 2>>,>>> wlrl bleaw :< yljrs ag jml, ji` 8,>>> wlrl prlmijit wafli. Ki :;;:, 8,;2? `ljtos oj` blli hlrtkgkl`. Ki`lpli`lit armjikzjtkais rlhar`l` ?,>>> `lj` ki tol gkrst `jys. Atolr lstkfjtkais vjry bltwlli :>,>>> ji` 8>,>>>. Jiatolr :>>,>>> ta 2>>,>>> plapel jrl lstkfjtl` ta ojvl plrfjilit kidurkls ag `kgglrlit `lmrlls.
Livkraiflitje paeeutkai jraui` gjhtary J yljr jgtlr tol mjs eljc, tol eahje jutoarktkls haeelhtl` 8<> taiils ag wjstl ji` elgt kt ki tol gjhtary yjr`, kmiarkim jee sjgl wjstl fjijmlflit prjhtkhls. Ki tol pjst twa `lhj`ls, slvlrje stu`kls ojvl haiheu`l` tojt tol fjtlrkje haitjkikim taxkis ji` oljvy fltjes ojs ellhol` kita tol mraui`, haitjfkijtkim mraui`wjtlr --- tol aiey saurhl ag `rkickim wjtlr gar 2>,>>> plapel iljrby. J 2>>0 okmo haurt ar`lr rlqukrkim tol stjtl mavlriflit ta helji up tol wjstl ojs rlsuetl` ki aiey pjrtkje heljrjihl.
HXL stu`y past trjml`y J stu`y by Ki`kji iai-pragkt armjiksjtkai tol Hlitrl gar Xh klihl ji` Livkraiflit (HXL) ejst yljr soawl` mraui`wjtlr torll ckeafltrls (twa fkels) graf tol pejit haitjkil` ::> tkfls tol fjxkfuf qujitkty ag tol plstkhk`l hjrbjrye `llfl` sjgl ki Ki`kji battel` battel` wjtlr. "Pol gjhtary sktl ki Boapje ks elj`kim elj`kim ta horaikh taxkhkty -- haitkiuaus tkiy lxpasurl elj`kim ta paksaikim," sjk` tol `krlhtar ag tol HXL, Xuiktj Ijrjki. Pol eahje mavlriflit ki Fj`oyj ^rj`lso, ag wokho Boapje ks tol hjpktje, jhciawel`mls tol wjstl ks stkee tolrl. 2< yljrs jgtlr tol ware`‛s warst holfkhje `ksjstlr ki Ki`kj elgt toausji`s `lj` ji` ejcos jgglhtl`, Ae` Boapje wai`lrs woltolr tol wjtlr kt `rkics ks stkee taxkh ar iat. Rleljskim gki`kims ag j stu`y `ail 2
LIWKRAIFLIPJE ^AEEPKAI
BOA^JE MJX PRJML@[
POLAR[
Iavlfblr 2>>;, tol Hlitrl gar Xhklihl ji` Livkraiflit (HXL) sjk` tojt wjtlr kisk`l tol ?>-jhrl sktl ag \ikai Hjrbk`l, ji` ki j rj`kus ag up ta torll ckeafltrls autsk`l, haitjkis plstkhk`l gjr okmolr toji tol jhhlptjbel ekfkt gar oufji blkims. HXL `krlhtar Xuiktj Ijrjki sjk` tolrl wjs lvk`lihl tojt tol holfkhjes graf \ikai Hjrbk`l eljc ai tol ikmot ag @lhlfblr 8, :;?0 haitkiul ta paksai tol plapel toraumo tol wjtlr toly `rkic. ]okel pkpl` wjtlr ks blkim suppekl` ki fast jrljs, plapel jrl oljvkey `lpli`lit ai barlwlees taa.
^aksaiaus holfkhje wjstl Jiatolr `kfliskai ag tol aimakim trjml`y ag Boapje ks tol paksaiaus holfkhje wjstl eykim jraui` ki tol jbji`ail` prlfksls ag tol plstkhk`l pejit. Xlvlrje haffkttlls ojvl kisplhtl` kt ji` gaui` 00,>>> cms ag tjrry rlsk`uls ji` 2<,>>> cms ag jepoj ijpotoae eykim ki tol apli skihl :;?0. Wjrkaus stu`kls ojvl lstjbeksol` tojt tol sake, mraui` wjtlr, vlmltjbels ji` lvli brljst fkec ojvl trjhls ag taxkh holfkhjes. Ljreklr rlsljrho hai`uhtl` by tol Ijtkaije Livkraiflitje Limkillrkim Rlsljrho Kistktutl (ILLRK), ^aeeutkai Haitrae Bajr`, Hkty Livkraiflitje Ejbarjtary (Bastai) ji` livkraiflitje IMA Mrllipljhl jesa gaui` lxtrlfley okmo elvles ag taxkis ekcl hjrbjrye, eki`jil ji` jepoj ijptoae ki tol sake ji` wjtlr jraui` tol gjhtary jrljs.
8
