51198620-Cisco-IP-RAN-Architecture.pdf

Cisco IP RAN Architecture

Peter Gaspar ([email protected])

Presentation_ID

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

1

Agenda •

RAN Requirements q

•

All-IP RAN Designs

•

Legacy RAN over IP

•

Cisco Carrier Ethernet Architecture

•

Summary

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RAN Requirements

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Driving New Challenges for SPs Mobile Internet Business Perform mance

Voice Traffic Dominates

IP Insertion Voice and TDM Data I f Infrastructure t t

Traffic

Broadband Mobile Revenue

Users/Sessions

Mobile Internet Dominates

Mobile Access Evolution and IP Infrastructure Impact Presentation_ID


Cisco Confidential

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Radio evolution path LTE: 100 Mbit/s DL 50 Mbit/s UL HSUPA: 5.8 Mbit/s UL HSDPA: 14.4 Mbit/s DL WCDMA R99: 384 kbit/s EDGE: 384 kbit/s GPRS: 160 kbit/s

2002

2003

3xE1

2004

2005

5xE1

2006

2007 8xE1

2008 ???xE1 5

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Some calculations •

1GB quota = 7.5kbps in busy hour per user (10% of traffic in busy hour)

•

10GB = 75kbps in busy hour per user

•

200 users per NodeB – 15Mbps sustain throughput

•

7 NodeBs – Gigabit Ethernet needed (more than 100 Mbps)

•

75 NodeBs 10GE needed (more than 1 Gbps)

•

Busy eNodeBs can generate up to 40 Gbps

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What is next – Release 6,7,8 GGSN

SAE GW

CSN GW

MME

ASN GW

Access GW

IP IP

SGSN

D ift Drift RNC

Layer 3

Serving RNC

IP

IP

Enhanced Node B

Serving RNC

IP

Base Station

IP

Base Station

Node B

Today

Direct tunnel

I-HSPA+ Direct tunnel

SAE/LTE S /

WIMAX

EV-DO O RevC

3GPP/WCDMA Evolution 7 Presentation_ID


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LTE/System y Architecture Evolution S1-c Base Station to MME interface Multi homed to multiple MME pools Multi-homed SCTP/IP based S11 MME to SAE GW GTP c Version 2 GTP-c

SAE GW to PDN GW X2 inter base station GTP or PMIP based macro mobility interface SCTP/IP Signalling GTP tunneling S1-u Base Station to SAE GW following handover GTP-u base micro mobility 8 Presentation_ID


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Future Requirements Backhaul Security

1.

2.

IPsec ESP using g IKEv2 certificate based authentication Tunnel mode IPsec being mandatory and transport mode being optional Likely that transport mode used to protect X2 *reduced overhead and low traffic)

3.

SeGW used to offload EPC and allow IPSec scaling

4 4.

Protection optional on S1 S1MME and S1-U

5.

Port based authentication on cell site demarcation

MME

S1-MME

Xu Security Layer 1 1

X2 SAE GW

Security Layer 2

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LTE RAN Requirements •

Any-to-any connectivity

•

Low delay needed between eNodeBs (handover)

•

Securityy concepts p may y vary y

•

MME may need to be distributed (messages count, delay etc.), depends on applications, not that much on mobility bilit

•

Multicast for MBMS

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Edge Distribution Problem Definition •

Enormous increase in mobile data

•

Need for more cost efficient networks

•

Video Content Deliveryy Networks

•

Increasing peer-to-peer traffic •IMS •File sharing •Internet applications (Skype) •Machine-to-machine

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Edge Distribution (Peer-to-peer) Eliminate long runs for peer-to-peer traffic Allow offload of Internet traffic to cheaper transports RNC

SGSN IP RAN (GTP)

Node B

GGSN

IP

Node B

RNC IP RAN (GTP)

Node B Node B

SGSN

GGSN

Core IP

Some GGSN features can even be distributed to cell-site router

Lowcost Internet

For HSPA needs Direct Tunnel support LTE model is similar 12 Presentation_ID


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Edge Distribution (Content Networks) Eliminate repeating video traffic in the transport network RNC

SGSN IP RAN (GTP) GGSN IP

Node B Content Engine

RNC

SGSN IP RAN (GTP)

Node B

GGSN IP Content Engine

Root Content Engine

For HSPA needs Direct Tunnel support LTE model is similar 13 Presentation_ID


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Characteristics of the future RAN •

Increasing traffic

•

E dt End-to-end d IP approach h

•

Components with Ethernet interfaces

•

Directt connection Di ti b between t N NodeB d B and d th the A Access Gateway (Direct Tunnel)

•

LTE specifics (any-to-any, (any to any, multicast, security)

•

Distribution of Edge

•

IP/MPLS or Ethernet aggregation are the suitable technologies

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All IP RAN Designs All-IP

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Specifics of the mobile operators transport network •

Network provider is also the customer of the network, therefore he needs to take care of all services: •IP Routing •Own O SLAs SLA (O&M, (O&M QoS Q S etc.) t ) •Multicast •Security Security •ATM and TDM services for 2G and legacy 3G

•

Layer 2 and Layer 3 services are necessary

•

This leads to optimized design where for example the CE and the PE functions may be combined 16

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Contradicting Characteristics of RAN gg g Aggregation •

Scaling of services •Number of VPNs limited •Number of VLANs and MACs limited •Low number of Queues needed despite H-QoS

•

Scaling of ports •Low number of end devices on cellsite •Limited number of rings in aggregation and pre-aggregation

•

But, still needed •High bandwidth needed •Carrier grade architecture (reliability, redundancy etc.) •Hardened devices

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RAN Transport Hierarchy BTS

RNC

BSC

NxT1/E1

MSC

IMA

SGSN

Node B

IP/MPLS L3VPN GGSN MSC

Ethernett Eth NodeB

Ethernet NodeB

Access Last-mile Small aggregation sites Mostly Microwave transport Limited traffic volumes No redundancies or ring Presentation_ID


Aggregation Higher capacities Redundancies Partially meshed interconnections Different transport technologies Often includes wireline services Cisco Confidential

Core

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Aggregation Technologies MPLS

PBB-TE (802.1ah, 802.1Qay)

MPLS-TP

Multiservice

Yes (including L3VPN, ATM, TDM)

Ethernet L2 only

L2 only

Switching capacity

High

High

High

Interoperability

Yes

Limited

Limited

Transport

Any

Ethernet Only

Any

Any-to-Any

Yes

No

No

Multicast

Yes

No

No

Core Interop

Native

L2 to L3 handover needed in Core

L2 to L3 handover needed in Core

Service distribution L3VPN,GGSN SAE/PDN

No

No

Maturity

Early adoption

Early adoption

Mature

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All-IP RAN Aggregation - RSTP Pros: + Simple deployment + Compact IP addressing .1q/QinQ Ring

VLAN 100

802.1q trunk

7600 802.1q trunk

VLAN 100

7600

RNC

GGSN

802.1q trunk VLAN 100

Cons: - Suboptimal p-2-p - Slow convergence (STP) - Limited to Ethernet Aggregation - Large L broadcast b d t domains d i

7600/MWR

Access Presentation_ID


Aggregation Cisco Confidential

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All-IP RAN Aggregation – EVC/MPLS-TP Pros: + Operational procedures as SDH + Compact IP addressing + Fast F t convergence + Flexible core transport + Multiservice Aggr. (ATM, TDM etc.)

VLAN 100 .1q/QinQ Ring

VLAN 101 VLAN 102 7600 IP/MPLS

EoMPLS

7600

VLAN 201

VLAN 202 7600/MWR



RNC

GGSN

Cons: - Suboptimal p-2-p - Large broadcast domains - Complex configuration - Challenging redundancy designs Aggregation

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VLAN 1

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All-IP RAN Aggregation - VPLS

.1q/QinQ Ring

Pros: + Compact IP addressing + Fast convergence + Optimal p-2-p + Flexible core transport + Multiservice Aggr. (ATM, TDM etc.)

VLAN 100

7600

RAN VPLS

VLAN 100

7600

IP/MPLS

RNC

GGSN

VLAN 100 7600/MWR

Cons: - Large broadcast domains - ES or Sip-400 p needed




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All-IP RAN Aggregation – L3VPN

10.1.1.0/24

.1q/QinQ Ring

Pros: + Optimal p-2-p + Fast convergence + Separated S t d broadcast b d t domains d i + Flexible core & access transport + Multiservice Aggr. (ATM, TDM etc.)

VLAN 100

7600

RAN VRF

RNC 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24

10.2.1.4/30

7600/MWR


GGSN

Cons: - Complex IP Addressing


7600

IP/MPLS

10.2.1.0/30


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All-IP RAN Design Conclusions •

The Access is usually native Ethernet with REP if possible

•

Aggregation is either native Ethernet or MPLS, whereby: y •The question mostly is, where the line between MPLS and Ethernet should be made •MPLS is more flexible and multiservice •Ethernet is more cost efficient

•

Any to any connectivity between NodeBs will be more Any-to-any important in LTE than now

•

Layer 2 or Layer 3 decision depends on operators preference and operational procedures 24

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Synchronization (Frequency) Solutions: 1. GPS on each NodeB Not suitable for Europe

2. Synchronization over Pseudowire Can be used directly between RNC and NodeB

3. IEEE1588v2 Packet based synchronization distribution

4. ITU SyncE Layer 1 based synchronous Ethernet

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IEEE1588v2 in the RAN Agg Site

Core Site

7600 with CEoP

BTS

PDSN or SGS SGSN ATM

BSC

FR

NxT1/E1

E1

FR

IMA

Node B

Pseudowires

MS C 7600 STM-1 with CEoP BSC

STM1

RNC Ethernet NodeB

RNC

Pre-Agg Site 7600 with CEoP

IP/MPLS

Clock Source IEEE1588 Master

IEEE1588v2 Packets

Ethernet Switch ME3400

• Packet based • One master, multiple slaves

Ethernet NodeB

Ethernet NodeB

• Requires strict QoS in the network for IEEE1588 packets • Supports frequency and time (phase)

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ITU SyncE y in the RAN Agg Site

Core Site

7600 with CEoP

BTS


BSC

FR

NxT1/E1

E1

FR

IMA

Node B

MS C

Pseudowires

7600 STM-1 with CEoP BSC

STM1

RNC Ethernet NodeB

SyncE

SyncE

RNC

Pre-Agg Site 7600 with CEoP

SyncE SyncE y

Clock Source

SDH Sync SyncE

IP/MPLS

Ethernet Switch With SyncE SyncE

• Layer1 based point to point connections only • On point-to-point

Ethernet NodeB

Ethernet NodeB

• Very precise but requires support of all ethernet interfaces involved in the path • Does not support time synchronization

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Combination Agg Site

Core Site

7600 with CEoP

BTS


BSC

FR

NxT1/E1

E1

FR

IMA

Node B

7600 STM-1 with CEoP BSC

STM1

RNC Ethernet NodeB

MS C

Pseudowires

SyncE

SyncE

RNC

Pre-Agg Site 7600 with CEoP IEEE1588v2

Ethernet Switch ME3400

SDH Sync SyncE

IEEE1588v2

Clock Source

IP/MPLS • Stable clock in the core • Network element independent in access

Ethernet NodeB

Ethernet NodeB 28

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Legacy g y RAN Over IP

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Legacy and All-IP RAN BTS

RNC

BSC

7600

NxT1/E1

MSC

IMA

SGSN

Node B

7600

IP/MPLS L3VPN GGSN

MWR

MSC

IP/MPLS 7600

Ethernet NodeB

Ethernet NodeB

Access

Aggregation

Core 30

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Network Elements Targeted LDP Session Pseudo-Wire

Attachment Circuit

Attachment Circuit

CEM Circuit

CEM Circuit

MPLS T1 Data

7600

7600 MPLS Channelized T1/E1 to NxDS0 Channelized T3 to T1, NxDS0 Channelized OC-3 to T1/E1, NxDS0

ClearChannel T1/E1/T3

MPLS

SAToP Local Switching [Future]

ATM PWE3 Local Switching Layer 3 IPv4

Channelized T1/E1 to NxDS0 Channelized T3 to T1, NxDS0 Channelized OC-3 to T1/E1, NxDS0

ClearChannel T1/E1/T3

ClearChannel T1/E1 ATM ClearChannel T3 ATM Channelized OC-3 to T1/E1 ATM T1/E1 ATM IMA

T1/E1 ATM IMA SAToP : Structured Agnostic TDM over Packet : RFC-4553 CESoP : Circuit Emulation Service over Packet : RFC-4842 IMA : Inverse Multiplex over ATM © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

T1 Data

CESoPSN Local Switching [Future]

ClearChannel T1/E1 ATM ClearChannel T3 ATM Channelized OC-3 to T1/E1 ATM

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Control

T1 Data

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Pseudowire in the RAN RAN traffic groomed over MPLS Pseudowires for backhaul MPLS needed in Aggregation Reduced OPEX – Bandwidth Flexibility Eliminates need for ADM and ATM switches “Flatten the network”, Simplify, Reduce costs

Pseudowire enables g greater flexibility y for traffic handling g Proactive scalability -- Self-Adjusting Backhaul Transport Pre-provision new and future services

Provides Clock Recovery per 3GPP CESOPN Standards Longevity Compliance with 3GPP/3GPP2 Reference Architectures up to R8 32 Presentation_ID


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Cisco Carrier Ethernet Architecture

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Cisco’s Carrier Ethernet Approach Access

Business

Carrier Ethernet Aggregation

Edge

Multiservice Core

Corporate

Aggregation Node

Residential

Distribution Node VoD TV

SIP

Ethernet STB

Business

Content Network

BNG 2G/3G Node

Corporate

Aggregation Network

Core

Core Network IP / MPLS

Residential

DSL

Business PE

STB

PON

Business Corporate

Residential

Dark Fibre / CWDM / DWDM and ROADM

STB

IP/MPLS ETHERNET

IP/MPLS 34

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Cisco 7600 Bridging the Solution

Mobile Transformation 9 9 9 9 9

TDM to Packet Migration T1 T3, T1, T3 OCn, OC Channelized Ch li d ATM Interworking MLPPP, IMA ATM Cell Packing/Relay

9 9 9 9 9

SAToP CES P CESoP AToM , MPLSoGRE SyncE, 1588v2, Adaptive BITS Clocking

9 9 9 9

Y.1731, Y 1731 CFM 8.1 81 Multicast & HA Multisegment Pseudowire Integrated Routing + Bridging

Management

Modular, Scalable

9 ANA 9 ISC (Provisioning) 9 Customer Network Management (CNM) 9 MIBs

9 9 9 9 9

40Gbps / Slot 720Gbps Total Bandwidth 5 Chassis Sizes PW3, BFD, Queues scale VLAN, MAC scale

Cisco 7600

Carrier Class Resiliency

Integrated Services 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9

L2 and L3 Services Business and Residential Session Border Controller Integrated Security Mobile Services

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APS, 802.3ad LACP, REP, BFD Access Circuit Redundancy y Hot-standby PW Redundancy End-to-End OAM NSF/SSO, EFSU, ISSU

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Cisco ASR 9000 “At a Glance”

Optimized for Aggregation of Dense 10GE & 100GE

Designed for Longevity & TCO: Scalable up p to 400 Gbps p of Bandwidth per Slot

Based on IOS-XR for Nonstop Availability & Manageability

Enables Network Convergence of Business & Residential Services for Fixed & Mobile Access

Advanced Video DNA 36

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FCS February 16, 2009

Cisco MWR 2941-DC 2941 DC

MWR 2941

1.

Cisco’s Latest MWR Series Product

2 2.

Six Built Built-In In GE Ports (4 RJ RJ-45, 45 2 SFP)

3.

16 Built-In T1/E1 Ports, expandable to 24

4.

Multiple Industry Standard Clocking Options IEEE 1588v2, Sync-E, Adaptive, Stratum 3

5.

Expanded Capacity Support for 2800/3800 HWICs

6.

Key Applications IP RAN: Activate flexible and efficient all-IP RANs for new revenue-generating services with intelligent IP network features

Most Compact, Affordable High Performance Cell Site Router with Features Enabled

RAN Optimization: Optimize and reduce backhaul costs for 2G (GSM) and 3G (UMTS/HSxPA) wireless networks Standards Based Pseudowire: Use IETF PWE3 to transport 2G, 3G and 4G wireless networks over low-cost alternative networks such as xDSL, Carrier Ethernet, MPLS, etc. 37

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Market Leading Mobile Network Solutions Positioning for Key Solution Segments Legacy 2G

Hybrid 2G/3G/4G

T1/E1/ATM L2 Backhaul PWE3 Circuit Emulation No Ethernet nodeBs ACR, APS and TDM HA mechanisms IP Gateways for Mobile Edge

4G Ethernet Centric

TDM/ATM hybrid y with Ethernet/IP

New Ethernet/IP centric overlays/greenfield

New Ethernet / IP centric nodeBs/RNC deployment

High scale & density

Investment p protection IP Gateways for Mobile Edge

Key Infrastructure platform going forward

Up to 40G Scale

IP Gateways: 7600

Up to 10G Scale

Portfolio:

Portfolio:

MWR2941, MWR2941 7600

MWR2941, 7600

Cost Leadership

P tf li Portfolio: ASR9000, MWR2941

Network is the Platform 38 Presentation_ID


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Cisco Carrier Ethernet - Mobile RAN Services Market Transitions 1+2+3 or 1+2+4 or 3 ATM VC, TDM (SATOP, CESoPSN)

1

ATM or TDM

E1 (w/ IMA)

BSC ATM RNC

UMTS ATM Node B B, GSM BTS

2

S-PE, MS-PW

ATM or TDM BSC ATM RNC The BTS model may be overlaid on 3 for tactical sales reasons

Static or IGP Overlay on an MST/REP and not protected Ethernet Access Network (DSL, Ethernet P2P)

VPLS/HVPLS for UMTS

3

Ethernet

This model assumes GSM TDM infrastructure is used until GSM radio moved to UMTS or LTE May coexist with 1 and integrate 2

MPLS/IP, MPLS VPN for LTE IP RAN and UMTS IP RAN

REP

IP RNC, S-GW

ME-3400E Ethernet

VPLS/HVPLS for UMTS

IP RNC, SAE

4 Efficient Access 2941 CRS 3.0

This model may integrate GSM TDM

MPLS/IP, MPLS VPN for LTE IP RAN and UMTS IP RAN

REP

Mobile RAN Edge Large Scale Aggregation 7600/ES+/CEoPS, 7600/ES+/CEoPS SRD2 SRD2 (ASR09000 FCI) (ASR9000 FCI)

Multiservice Core

ATM, TDM, Ethernet

MPLS enabled Cell Site

NNII ATM or TDM or Ethernet NNII

Di t ib ti Node Distribution N d

Aggregation Node ATM, TDM, Ethernet Cell Site

2G/3G Cell Site Presentation_ID

RNC or BSC

MPLS / IPoDWDM


Cisco Confidential

MPLS

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QOS Model - Downstream Distributed Business L2/L3 VPN Services Access Shaping

Per subscriber service instance,, hierarchical OQS with parent shaper and child queuing, policing and marking

Default class based queuing policy, to minimize delay and jitter for Voice/Video

Queuing & scheduling

Edge

Aggregation

Marking

Aggregate DiffServ

Policing Scheduling

Shaped Rate = Access Line Rate

Access Interface

Aggregation Node

Business Corporate

CPE Presentation_ID

Access Node © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Aggregation Node Cisco Confidential

Distribution Node

Core Node

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QOS Model - Upstream Distributed Business L2/L3 VPN Services Access Ingress classbased policing and marking per subscriber line

Shaping Queuing & scheduling

Core

Aggregation

Per subscriber service instance Ingress policing

Marking

Aggregate DiffServ

Policing Scheduling

Access Interface

Aggregation Node

Business Corporate

CPE Presentation_ID

Access Node © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Distribution Node

Core Node

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Baseline Network Availability y Mechanism IP Services: • Fast IGP/BFD convergence g

MPLS Services: • Pseudowire redundancy • MPLS TE-FRR TE FRR Link and Node protection with IP services services, PW/VPLS PW tunnel selection Access: • Resilient Ethernet Protocol Efficient

Large Scale

Intelligent

Access

Aggregation

Edge

Multiservice

Core

BNG Access Node

Aggregation Node

Distribution Node MSE

Ethernet

MPLS / IP

GTP, IP, MPLS

MPLS 42

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Carrier Ethernet Ring Topologies Current Network Trends and Challenges •

Large Spanning Tree domains Increasing number of nodes in the ring

•

Supporting higher number of subscribers Increasing number of VLANs, MAC addresses per L2 domain

•

Carrier Ethernet Trend Fast convergence requirement in the access and aggregation networks Spanning Tree not perceived as Carrier Class

•

Complexity of management and troubleshooting as the network grows 43

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Resilient Ethernet Protocol A segment Protocol REP Segment

Edge Port

Link Failure

Blocked Open Alternate Port

•

A REP segment is a chain of ports connected to each other and configured with a segment ID.

•

One switch can have only two ports belonging to the same segment.

•

REP guarantees there is no connectivity between two edge ports on a segment. t

•

When all interfaces in the segment are UP, the alternate port is blocking

•

When a link Wh li k or switch it h ffailure il occurs on the segment, then blocked port goes forwarding

Edge Port

Blocked

REP Segment 44

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REP Benefits • Fast and predictable convergence – Convergence time: 50 to 250ms – Fast failure notification even in large rings with high number of node – Manual configuration g for predictable p failover behavior

•Co-existence with Spanning Tree – STP is deactivated on REP interfaces – Limit the scope of Spanning tree – Topology Changes Notification from REP to STP

• Optimal bandwidth utilization – VLAN Load L d balancing b l i

• Easy to configure and troubleshoot – Topology archiving for easy troubleshooting – Known fixed topology – Simple mechanism to setup the Alternate port (blocking) 45 Presentation_ID


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Expansion on Demand I BTS

RNC

BSC

NxT1/E1

MSC

IMA

SGSN

Node B

IP/MPLS IP/MPLS L3VPN GGSN MSC

Ethernett Eth NodeB

Ethernet NodeB

Access

Aggregation

Core 46

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Expansion on Demand II BTS

RNC

BSC

NxT1/E1

MSC

IMA

SGSN

Node B


IP/MPLS

Ethernett Eth NodeB

Ethernet NodeB

Access

Aggregation

Core 47

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Expansion on Demand III BTS

RNC

BSC

NxT1/E1

MSC

IMA

SGSN

Node B


IP/MPLS

Ethernett Eth NodeB

Multiservice Independent of the transport N ti IP (Any Native (A tto any)) IPSec support Multicast support Distributed or centralized St d d b Standards based d

Ethernet NodeB

Access

Aggregation

Core 48

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From Ethernet to MPLS/IP •

Access based on simple Ethernet

•

Aggregation based on MPLS/IP

•

Larger g access sites based L2 only y •

Migrate to L3 by license when needed

•

Add TDM/ATM access ports when needed

•

ML-PPP for TDM microwave to Ethernet NodeB

•

Add MWR if needed on cell-site

•

Expansion of Aggregation towards Access on as needed basis

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Summary

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All IP RAN Summary •

Designs depend on operator’s needs

•

MPLS in Aggregation is more flexible than L2 Aggregation

•

Line between Access and Aggregation can move depending on traffic and operator’s operator s structure

•

Any-to-any connectivity may be required for LTE

•

Circuit Emulation and ATMoMPLS for legacy RAN to reduce OPEX

•

Cisco Carrier Ethernet architecture supports various models and can evolve with the network

•

Cisco certified for TDM transport by IP MPLS Forum

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Cisco Networkers 25-28. januar 2010. Barselona R i t jt se Registrujte

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51198620-Cisco-IP-RAN-Architecture.pdf

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