A Psychoanalysis Life of Pi

A PSYCHOANALYSIS : FREUD’S ID, EGO AND SUPEREGO IN YANN MARTEL’S LIFE OF PI ABSTRACT

The The resea research rcher er tries tries to analy analyse se a film film entit entitle led d Life Life of Pi from from a psych psychol olog ogica icall appr approa oach ch.. The obje object ctiv ives es of this this rese resear arch ch are are to desc descri ribe be the the char charac acte terr and and characterization of Piscine Molitor Patel in Life of Pi film by Yann Martel and to describe the characterization of the protagonist character Piscine Molitor Patel in the light of Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory. The film Life of Pi !ritten by Yann Martel there are five main characters and nine minor characters. Piscine Molitor Patel as the protagonist character" #ichard Par$er as the antagonist character and Santos Patel Patel"" %ita %ita Pate Patel" l" #avi #avi as the the comp compan anio ions ns.. &ased &ased on the the chara charact cteri erizat zatio ion" n" the the  protagonist character Piscine Molitor Patel is round character because he undergoes chan change ge in his his char charac acte teri riza zati tion on in the the begin eginni ning ng to the the end end of the the stor story y.

The subject of this research is Life of Pi novel !ritten by Yann Martel and the object of this research is the characteristic development of Piscine Molitor patel in Life of Pi novel by Yann Martel. The method used to ta$e the data is 'ualitative method. The sampl samplee and and popu populat latio ion n of this this resea research rch are are all the the data data in the the nove novel. l. The The data data collecting techni'ues used in this research are reading carefully and repeatedly in detail detail"ta$ "ta$ing ing note"a note"and nd then then analys analysing ing the data data by using using psycho psychoana analyt lytic ic theory theory..

From this research" it can be concluded that there are si( characterizations of the  protagonist character Piscine Molitor Patel) intelligent" optimistic" stubborn" gentle"  pessimistic" and cruel. The characterizations of Piscine Molitor Patel based on Freuds  psychoanalytic theory* in his organization of personality" in the +d ,the biological aspect- he has a good and bad temper* in the go ,the psychological aspect-" he has an ambition to follo!s three religions because he just loves %od" in the Superego ,the sociological aspect-" he $no!s that his ambition ma$es 'uarrel the other people. +n + n his dynamic of personality" he has those eros and thanatos instincts and three an(iety" such as reality an(iety" neurotic an(iety and moral an(iety. +n his development of 

 personality" the !riter analyse the defence mechanism of the ego) projection" reaction formation" fi(ation" and regression. /ey!ords ) psychoanalysis" id" ego" superego.

+ntroduction Literature is a full creation of form" emotion and e(pression !hich designates imaginative ideas through language as the media ,0ellec$ and 0arren) 1223-. 4s !e $no!" literature is one of the most creative and universal means to communicate the emotion" spiritual and intellectual concern of man$ind. Sometimes most of the students feel that literature is the terrible subject and ma$es them nervous to study it. 5o!ever" literature !ill  be an interesting thing or not depends on their feeling of sensitivity and their imagination to enjoy the beauty of literature. the reader may find the psychology of the characters. +n addition" the reader may ac'uire amusement that !ill lead them to a $een perception of beauty and ma$e them sensitive to artistic !or$ in general. Moreover" 4njar!ati ,6778)6- states that novel may have characters" some of !hom may even come in contacts !ith others. +t !as very !orth depends largely on the ability of  the novelist to get the reader to accept !hat he says. 5ere" the researcher $no!s that it !ill ta$e some understanding of human psychology to create believable characters. Literature and psychology have a strong bond either from both objects and functions. 4ccording to 9atman ,12:;-" literature and psychology have the same object* human" and do the same function as the study of humans states of psyche. 0hat differs bet!een them is only in the space. 9atman states that the object in the literary !or$s is human" behavior" and mentality appear in the te(t as the imaginative !orld. &ut" for psychology" the object is human" behavior and mentality in the real !orld. +n literature" psychology loo$s at the themes" conflicts" and characterizations of a !or$ primarily as a reflection of the needs" emotions" states of mind and subconscious desires ,Stanford) 6776-. +n psychological theory" Freud ,1::8<1232- !as the first psychoanalyst and a true  pioneer in the recognition of the importance of unconscious mental activity. 5is theories on the inner !or$ings of the human mind" !hich seemed so revolutionary at the turn of the century" are no! !idely accepted by most schools of psychological thought. +n 1:28" Freud coined the term =psychoanalysis> and for the ne(t forty years of his life" he !or$ed on thoroughly developing its main principles" objectives" techni'ues" and methodology , Suroso) 6772) ?1-.Personality psychology studies enduring patterns of behavior" thought" and emotion. Personality is based on the dynamic interactions of the ego" superego" and id. Trait theorists" in contrast" attempt to analyze personality in terms of a discrete number of $ey

traits by the statistical method of factor analysis. The number of proposed traits has varied !idely ,Suroso" 6772 ) ;?-. +n addition" the researcher ta$es several previous studies that have relevance point as a comparative study in order to get some important matters to help this study. Those are many students that analyzed personalitys main character from the film

and also using

Yann martel

!ith the title =Life

 psychological approach. Such as research !as conducted by

of pi> it can be concluded that there are si( characterizations of the protagonist character  Piscine Molitor Patel) intelligent" optimistic" stubborn" gentle" pessimistic" and cruel. The researcher !ould li$e to analyze this novel by using psychological approach by focusing attention to the character in story" so !e can get analyze internal conflict that maybe appears in the story. 0ithout conflict" a film !ill lose its sense. Moreover the !riter uses an approach !ith single basic theory =Freudianism> is to ma$e easy to interpret the te(t that illustrate the characters personality based on basic  principle of Freuds psychoanalytic. +t caused the Freudianism become a comprehensive theory than others. Theory of Freud has large implication based on ho! to operate it. Moreover" psychology of Freud using fantasy" dream and myth" all of them are main  problem of literature. The researcher focusing of internal conflict ,dilemma- may be appears in the story. 4s + $no! that emphasize and motivation of conscious or unconscious !hich can influence every human that is reflected by their action" behavior and thought.