ANSI Z535.1-2006 Safety Colors Draft V0.0

ANSI Z535.1-2016 Revsion of ANSI Z535.1-2006

American National Standard Safety Signs

ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0

ANSI Z535.1-2016 Revision of ANSI Z535.1-2006

American National Standard Safety Colors

Secretariat:

National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved XXX XX, 201x Published XXX XX, 201x

American National Standards Institute, Inc.

DRAFT – Do not quote or circulate without permission. 3

ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0 DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document. ANSI standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or seller’s products or services by virtue of this standard or guide. In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safety–related information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.

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DRAFT – Do not quote or circulate without

ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0

This page intentionally left blank.Contents Page

Foreword...................................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................

2

Scope and purpose......................................................................................................................... 2.1

Scope.................................................................................................................................

2.2

Purpose.............................................................................................................................. 2.2.1

3

4

Existing American National Standards..................................................................

Application and exceptions............................................................................................................. 3.1

Applications........................................................................................................................

3.2

Exceptions.........................................................................................................................

Specifications.................................................................................................................................. 4.1

General..............................................................................................................................

4.2

Testing specifications.........................................................................................................

5

Terms and definitions......................................................................................................................

6

Safety Colors.................................................................................................................................. 6.1

Safety colors - ordinary surface colors...............................................................................

6.2

Safety white........................................................................................................................

6.3

Safety black........................................................................................................................

6.4

Daylight fluorescent safety colors.......................................................................................

7

Optimum visibility............................................................................................................................

8

Surface finish..................................................................................................................................

9

External illumination of safety colors...............................................................................................

10

Safety color stability........................................................................................................................

11

Tables and Figures..........................................................................................................................

12

Normative References..................................................................................................................

Annex A (informative) Chromaticity diagram for safety yellow................................................................... Annex B (informative) Color region comparison between ANSI Z535.1 and ISO 3864-4........................... Annex C (informative) Safety color cross-reference chart.......................................................................... Annex D (informative) ISO information...................................................................................................... D1

ISO 3864-4:2011, Annex E...............................................................................................

D2

ISO references for safety orange.....................................................................................

Annex E (informative) Munsell information................................................................................................


Figures Figure 1 Section of the CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram Showing Green, Yellow-to-Red Region, and Chromaticity Specification Boundaries for ANSI Z535.1 Fluorescent Safety Colors..................................12 Figure 2 CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram of Color Regions for ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors......................13 Figure 3 Enlarged View of the CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram Showing Neutral Limits for Safety White and Safety Black........................................................................................................................................ 14 Figure A1 Enlarged View of the CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram Showing the Color Region for Safety Yellow........................................................................................................................................................ 16 Figure B1 ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors Using Illuminant C and ISO 3864-4 Safety Colours Using Standard Illuminant D65............................................................................................................................................ 17 Figure E1 Munsell Hue Circle.................................................................................................................... 22 Figure E2 Munsell Hue, Value, Chroma..................................................................................................... 23

Tables Table 1 Specifications for Color Tolerance Charts for use with Labels and Placards Surfaced with Paint, Lacquer, Enamel, Plastic, other Opaque Coatings, or Ink 1..........................................................................6 Table 2 Specifications for Color Tolerance Charts for Use with Labels and Placards Surfaced with Ink......7 Table 3 Specification for Colors for Use with Labels Printed on Packaging Surfaces................................10 Table 4 Specification for Fluorescent Safety Colors Recommended Limits of Fluorescent Colors in Terms of CIE Recommendations No. 39-2, 1983 for Surface Colors for Visual Signalling...................................10 Table 5 (x, y) Chromaticity coordinates of the corners of the recommended limits for fluorescent safety colors specified in Table 4, in terms of the CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric System, measured with 45/0 geometry, and evaluation with CIE Standard Illuminant D65.....................................................................11 Table 6 Specifications for Safety White and Safety Black..........................................................................11 Table C1 ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors - Cross-Reference Chart.................................................................18 Table D1 [ISO 3864-4:2011] Table E.1 – Ordinary materials: examples for object colours that fall within the specified chromaticity coordinates and luminance factor for the colour region..........................................20 Table D2 ISO References for Colour Order Systems for Safety Colour Orange........................................22

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ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0

Foreword In 1979, the ANSI Z53 Committee on Safety Colors was combined with the ANSI Z35 Committee on Safety Signs to form the ANSI Z535 Committee on Safety Signs and Colors. The Z535 Committee has the following scope: To develop standards for the design, application, and use of signs, colors, and symbols Intended to identify and warn against specific hazards and for other accident prevention purposes. While the basic mission and fundamental purpose of the ANSI Z535 Committee is to develop, refine, and promote a single, uniform graphic system used for communicating safety and accident prevention information, the Z535 Committee recognizes that this information can also be effectively communicated using other graphic systems. The Z535 Committee created subcommittees to update the Z53 and Z35 standards and to write new standards. To date, the following six standards comprise the ANSI Z535 series: ANSI Z535.1

Safety Colors [ANSI Z53.1-1979 was updated and combined into this standard in 1991]

ANSI Z535.2

Environmental and Facility Safety Signs [ANSI Z35.1-1972 and Z35.4-1972 were updated and combined into this standard in 1991]

ANSI Z535.3

Criteria for Safety Symbols [new in 1991]

ANSI Z535.4

Product Safety Signs and Labels [new in 1991]

ANSI Z535.5

Safety Tags and Barricade Tapes (for Temporary Hazards) [ANSI Z35.21974 was updated and combined into this standard in 1991]

ANSI Z535.6

Product Safety Information in Product Manuals, Instructions, and Other Collateral Materials [new in 2006]

Together, these six standards contain the information needed to specify formats, colors, and symbols for safety signs used in environmental and facility applications, product and product literature applications, and temporary safety tag and barricade tape applications. Published separately is the ANSI Z535 Safety Color Chart. This chart gives the user a sample of each of the safety colors red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, white, and black. It also describes each color’s ® ink formulation and closest PANTONE color. This ANSI Z535.1 standard was prepared by the Z535.1 Subcommittee on Safety Colors. The foreword and all annexes are considered to be informative; the body is considered normative. In the vocabulary of writing standards, the word “informative” is meant to convey that the content presented is for informational purposes only and is not considered to be mandatory in nature. The word "normative" is meant to convey that the content is considered to be mandatory or prescriptive. The 2011 edition of this standard is the eighth revision of the American War Standard, developed at the request of the War Department and approved by the American Standards Association (ASA) on July 16,1945. The ASA was reconstituted as the USA Standards Institute (USASI) in August 1966, and as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in October 1969. Peacetime work on revising the American War Standard containing the Safety Color Code began in 1946 under committee procedures of the ASA, with the National Safety Council serving as sponsor of the project. The Sectional Committee on the Safety Color Code, Z53, reviewed the War Standard and enlarged its application to include the colors orange, blue, and purple. The committee also approved standard definitions and limits for the colors. The revised standard was approved by the ASA on September 11, 1953. In the 1971 revision, the Z53 committee deleted the color blue and modified the application of the color yellow, due to conflicts with other American National Standards.


In the fourth revision, a significant step forward was made toward increased safety through uniformity in safety color coding. The safety colors formerly used in this standard were combined and adjusted to give the best feasible discrimination for observers with either normal or color-deficient (colorblind) vision. For the first time, safety color tolerance charts were available for use with this standard (see Section 8, Reference 17). Each color tolerance chart shows the standard color and six color tolerances illustrating acceptable ranges in hue, value (lightness), and chroma (saturation). Each color tolerance chart also lists the Munsell notation and equivalent CIE specifications (x, y, Y) for each standard color and tolerance sample. The colors brown, blue, and gray were added, and Table 1 was expanded to include the same information on most of the levels of the Universal Color Language (UCL) for the tolerance samples as for the standard or central sample of each Safety Color. Sections 1 to 6 of the present standard contain material similar to the fourth revision (Z53.1, 1979). The intent of the fifth revision (1991) of the safety color standard was to provide a series of visually distinguishable safety colors, each with specific uses. The sixth revision in 1998 incorporated corrections and additions that helped to clarify the use of the standard in conjunction with the other Z535 standards. Annex A was also added at this time to explain how to relate the CIE safety color specifications contained in Table 1 with the CIE chromaticity diagrams illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3. The seventh revision of the ANSI Z535.1 Safety Color Code, in 2002, had two major changes. The first is the deletion of information concerning the application of the safety colors. The intention in making this change was to maintain Z535.1 as the standard that defines the safety colors in terms of their color tolerances. The application of the colors (i.e., how they are to be used) properly belongs to the other standards in the ANSI Z535 series as well as to other standards that include uses for safety colors. The second change was to include the “closest PANTONE ® color” number for all of the safety colors on the Safety Color Chart that did not have a PANTONE ® color reference. This was a practical addition that makes it easier for those needing to specify a safety color using the PANTONE ® color matching system. It is important to note that the color-rendering characteristics of several types of modern, high-efficiency light sources differ markedly from those of the average daylight source (CIE Source C) specified in Table 1. It is therefore essential that candidate safety colors be examined under the actual light sources to be used in order to ensure that they can be suitably differentiated and individually identified with their assigned color names. The limited color gamut and aging characteristics of fluorescent colorants combine to restrict the number and chromaticities of fluorescent safety colors. For this reason, categories of unrestricted red-orange and unrestricted yellow fluorescent colors were added in 1998 to supplement the restricted specifications that are equivalent to CIE international standards. The unrestricted specifications may be used when no more than three distinguishable fluorescent safety colors are required for outdoor use for up to two years. Recent research is providing conclusive evidence that highly chromatic colors, in some chromaticities, serve to increase or decrease the perception of lightness (for reflective materials) and brightness (for selfluminous objects). The effect is more dramatic in the case of colored lights and colored retroreflective materials. Future revisions of this standard might consider opportunities for improving the visibility of safety signs, colors, and symbols through the selective use of vividly colored retroreflectors as well as include test methods and color specifications for retroreflective and self-luminous materials. The 2006 version of this standard was nearly identical to the ANSI Z535.1-2002 version, with an updated reference section and a new title, reflecting that the standard is meant to be used as a reference to define specific colors, not to set forth or codify the uses of these colors for specific purposes. In 2010, the Z535.1 Subcommittee reviewed ANSI Z535.1-2006 and, not identifying any technical changes, recommended reaffirmation of the standard to the Z535 Committee. In its review, however, the Z535.1 Subcommittee made the following corrections: In Table 1, corrected the following for Safety Orange: Value + changed from Value – changed from Chroma + changed from

6 permission.

5.0YR 6.0/15 to 5.0YR 6.5/15 5.0YR 6.5/15 to 5.0YR 5.5/15 5.0YR 5.5/15 to 5.0YR 6.0/16;


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0 th

In Annex A, 6 paragraph, after "CIE 1931," replaced the box symbol with a degree symbol; In Figure 1, the centroid for each color was checked and relocated as necessary. In 2012, the Z535.1 Safety Colors subcommittee recommended that the entire standard be revised and references to Hazardous Materials Label and Placard Color Tolerance Charts be minimized due to their limited availability. These charts are no longer being produced or offered for sale, but are on display in the Office of Hazardous Materials Safety, Office of Hazardous Materials Standards, Washington, DC. ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors is harmonizing with the Code of Federal Regulations. Tables 1, 2, and 3 from Title 49 Transportation, §172.407, Appendix A will replace Table 1 in the Z535.1 standard. Tables 2 and 3 allow for differences in production methods and will help to ensure safety colors remain within their recommended tolerances. The Munsell Notations and chromaticity coordinates are identical in both the CFR Table 1, and ANSI Z535.1, the exception is how color is described. The new Table 1 is more understandable to persons unfamiliar with the Munsell Color System. An adjustment was made to the new Table 1 to include the original Munsell description of hue, value, and chroma into the Munsell Notation column. The normative body of the standard has been simplified and designed as a tool for specifying safety colors consistently. Definitions or terms have been included so readers have a basic understanding to references made within the standard. More emphasis has been placed on what can affect a safety colors appearance and cause it to fall outside the acceptable tolerance limits rather than the technical measurement of safety colors which is beyond the scope of this standard. Fluorescent safety color information has been updated and expanded. Realizing the need to make this standard more user friendly and understandable several new Annexes have been added. Annex A clarifies the color boundaries for Safety Yellow. Annex B illustrates ANSI safety color boundaries and ISO safety colour boundaries together on a chromaticity diagram so one can see where ANSI safety colors plot in comparison to ISO safety colours. Annex C contains a color crossreference chart which includes the Munsell notation, a PANTONE ® number, C-M-Y-K percentages, and a RGB formula for each safety color. To harmonize with ISO, Annex D has been added, ISO safety colours and contrast colors of ordinary materials is shown in Table D-1. Annex E illustrates the Munsell Hue Circle and provides a visual detail of Hue, Value, and Chroma. Safety Gray and Safety Brown have been eliminated from Table 1. These colors are in use by other signage systems, but are not considered as hazard alerting colors for accident prevention. The PANTONE® colors originally specified for the Safety Color Chart have been changed to harmonize with the PANTONE ® colors specified in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 Transportation, § 172.407, section 5. The following color standards in the PANTONE® formula guide coated/uncoated may be used to achieve the required colors on markings and hazard warning labels and placards: For Red — Use PANTONE® 186 U For Orange — Use PANTONE® 151 U For Yellow — Use PANTONE® 109 U For Green — Use PANTONE® 335 U For Blue — Use PANTONE® 285 U For Purple — Use PANTONE® 259 U The original PANTONE® colors referenced on the 2011 Safety Color Chart are acceptable for use as these colors are within safety color tolerances given in Table 1. Specification of the PANTONE ® colors


Geoffrey Peckham, Chair J. Paul Frantz, Vice Chair Greg Winchester, Secretary Organization Represented:

Name of Representative:

American Society of Safety Engineers

J. Paul Frantz Thomas F. Breshnahan (Alt.) Timothy Rhoades (Alt.)

American Welding Society

August F. Manz

Applied Materials

Carl Wong

Applied Safety and Ergonomics

Steve Hall Stephen Young (Alt.)

Association for Manufacturing Technology

David Felinski

Association of Equipment Manufacturers

Michael Weber Daniel Taylor (Alt.)

Browning Arms Company

Larry D. Nelson

Caterpillar, Inc.

Charles Crowell Mark Steffen (Alt.)

Clarion Safety Systems, LLC

Geoffrey Peckham Phillip Peckham (Alt.)

Dorris and Associates International, LLC

Nathan T. Dorris Eric Boelhouwer (Alt.) Alan L. Dorris (Alt.)

Eagle Crusher Co.

Ryan Parsell

Edison Electric Institute

David Young

Human Factors & Ergonomics Society

Michael Kalsher H. Harvey Cohen (Alt.)

Human Factors & Safety Analytics, Inc.

B. Jay Martin

IEEE

Sue Vogel

International Safety Equipment Association

Christine Fargo

International Staple, Nail, and Tool Association

John W. Kurtz Thomas Siwek (Alt.)

Law Office of Mathew Kundinger

Mathew Kundinger

Marhefka & Associates

Russell E. Marhefka

National Association of Graphic and Product Identification Manufacturers

Russ Butchko Donna Ehrmann (Alt.)

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Bill Pratt David Werba (Alt.)

8National Marker Company permission.

Michael Black DRAFT – Do not quote or circulate without Alice Campbell (Alt.) Marianne Pepin (Alt.)

listed above will be encouraged as they will replace the original PANTONE® colors on the 2011 Safety Color Chart. Proposals for improvement of this standard are welcome. Information concerning submittal of proposals to the ANSI Z535 Committee for consideration can be found at the back of this standard. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards Committee Z535 on Safety Signs and Colors. Committee approval of this standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval At the time it reaffirmed this standard, the Z535 Committee had the following members:

At the time it prepared this standard for Z535 Committee vote, Subcommittee Z535.1 on Safety Colors had the following members: Donna Chair Greg Secretary

Ehrmann, Winchester,

Donna

Ehrmann National Association of Graphic and Product Identification Manufacturers

ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0 Judi Isaacson Mike Kalsher Karen Stetler

Applied Safety and Ergonomics Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Travelers Insurance


This page intentionally left blank. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

ANSI Z535.1-2016

For Safety Colors 1

Introduction

Safety colors used on signs, labels, tags, or safety markings for emergency equipment often suffer from a lack of uniformity. Inconsistent safety colors can send mixed messages as to their meaning. As a result, employees who move from workplace to workplace may be confused during times of an emergency when real viewing conditions can rapidly change, and risk of injury increases. Safety colors are effective tools that supplement a word message, thus, they need to be consistent so their meaning is instantly recognized, and immediate action can be taken to prevent harm. Standardized safety colors eliminate the need for lengthy descriptions about existing hazards, and facilitate communication when an emergency arises. Safety colors do not replace proper training in accident prevention. Employees need to be informed as to the meaning of each safety color and what actions are required to avoid the hazard and potential harm. The safety colors specified in ANSI Z535.1, are the same as those used by: ANSI Z535.2

Environmental and Facility Safety Signs,

ANSI Z535.3

Criteria for Safety Symbols,

ANSI Z535.4

Product Safety Signs and Labels,

ANSI Z535.5

Accident Prevention Tags (for Temporary Hazards),

ANSI Z535..6

Product Safety Information in Product Manuals and Instructions and Other Collateral Materials

1 permission.


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0

2

Scope and purpose

2.1

Scope

This scope provides a system for specifying safety colors, in terms of Munsell notations, CIE colorimetric data, defined chromaticity regions, and color formulas for each safety color used on safety signs, labels, and tags. 2.2

Purpose

The purposes of this standard is to: a. implement a uniform system for specifying safety colors b. include safety color formulas for a variety of applications and media, (Annex C), c.

harmonize with safety colors specified in the Code of Federal Regulations, 49 CFR, §172.407 (Subpart E), (Tables 1-3), 49 CFR, §172.407 Label Specifications (5).

d. harmonize with ISO 3864-4, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 4: Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials, (Annex D). 2.2.1

Existing American National Standards

There are a number of existing American National Standards, which are recognized for particular industries or specific uses. Compliance with these standards may be considered for the particular industry or use. It is not the intent of ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors to replace existing standards or regulations, which are uniquely applicable to a specific industry or use.

3

Application and exceptions

3.1

Applications

This standard sets forth Munsell notations, CIE coordinates, and color formulas for each safety color to facilitate designers and producers of safety signs, labels, and tags. These colors are prescribed for a wide range of materials as possible, and allow for differences in production methods and viewing conditions. Safety colors not conforming to their Munsell notations or CIE coordinates in Tables 1, 2, and 3, or color formulas in Annex C, should not be used for safety signs, labels, and tags. 3.2

Exceptions

3.2.1 Should any of the requirements of this standard conflict with federal, state, or municipal regulations such conflicts shall not invalidate other sections of this standard. 3.2.2 Safety color formulas and CIE color measurements in this standard are not applicable to selfluminous signs, phosphorescent materials, or signs requiring an artificial light source. Safety color formulas and CIE data in this standard apply to safety signs, labels and tags, comprised of ordinary materials, viewed in an environment with normal lighting or natural daylight. 3.2.3 It is beyond the scope of this standard to define procedures for color measurement or color testing. 3.2.4

It is beyond the scope of this standard to address safety sign, label, or tag substrates.

3.2.5 The colors displayed in this standard are for illustrative purposes only, and are not to be used for color matching.

4

Specifications


4.1

General

Safety color specifications are in terms of a Munsell notation and the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer (2 degree) equivalent data. 4.2

Testing specifications

If a visual judgment indicates the safety color may be outside allowable tolerances listed in Tables 1, 2 and 3, a spectrophotometer or other instrumentation may be required to ensure compliance. When testing ordinary safety colors, the chromaticity coordinates for each safety color shall fall within the relevant color boundary illustrated in Figure 2. To instrumentally test an ordinary safety color, compute the data using the daylight simulator, Illuminant C, and the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer (2 degree).

5

Terms and definitions

These technical terms for describing and understanding color measurements are not formal definitions, but are meant to provide basic understanding of color references applicable to this standard. 5.1 boundary: A color region's x, and y chromaticity coordinates on the CIE (2 degree) chromaticity diagram. A color’s boundary is the limit for that color. 5.2 chroma: The attribute of a visual sensation, which permits a judgment to be made of the degree to which a chromatic stimulus differs from an "achromatic" stimulus of the same brightness. [ 1 ] 5.3 chromaticity coordinates: All visible colors can be specified by their chromaticity coordinates on a two dimensional plane. Chromaticity coordinates are: x = X / (X + Y + Z), y = Y / (X + Y + Z), z = Z / (X + Y + Z. These are mathematically defined values from equations that simulate the sensitivity of the three cones in the human retina, and how color is perceived. Chromaticity coordinates specify a color's hue (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet), and a color’s saturation (light green, or dark red). 5.4 CIE chromaticity diagram: A color map, which the chromaticity of all spectral colors visible to the human eye, mathematically plotted with x as abscissa, and y as ordinate. Wavelengths ( λ ) are indicated in nanometers along the curved boundary called the spectrum locus, the line of purples join the two points. The CIE diagram removes all intensity information, and uses its two dimensions to describe hue and saturation. It is a world wide standard for describing colors and color gamut, and for doing calculations of color sensations. [ 2 ] The CIE chromaticity diagram is also specified in CIE 15: 2004 as the CIE ( x, y ) diagram. 5.5 CIE colorimetric system: A system that provides numerical specifications that are meant to indicate whether or not pairs of color stimuli match when viewed by a CIE standard colorimetric observer. The CIE color system is not intended to provide visually uniform scales of color difference or to describe visually perceived color appearances. [ 3 ] 5.6 CIE Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage: The International Commission on Light. It is the worldwide standardizing organization for Photometry and Colorimetry. The CIE system has standardized how color is perceived by establishing viewing geometry, the illuminant or source, and the observer. 5.7 CIE Illuminant C: Colorimetric illuminant representing average daylight, bluish in color, with a correlated color temperature of 6774K. This illuminant does not adequately represent the ultraviolet region in the spectral distribution of daylight necessary for evaluating fluorescent samples. Illuminant C does not have the status of a CIE Standard Illuminant, but is still widely used because calculations still use this illuminant. [ 4 ] 5.8 CIE Standard Illuminant D65: The most commonly used illuminant, having a correlated color temperature of 6504 K, close to Illuminant C, with a spectral distribution in the ultraviolet region that plays an important role in the colorimetry of fluorescent colors, based on actual measurements of the spectral distribution of average daylight. [ 5 ] CIE recommends this standard illuminant be used whenever possible. 3 permission.


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0 5.9 CIE Standard Colorimetric Observer (2 degree): An "idealized" observer representing an average population with normal color vision, having the skill to consistently match color, and able to distinguish color differences. A 2 degree field of view was chosen to stimulate the color receptors (cones) concentrated in the fovea, a small area in the center of the retina. The “standard observer” needs to be specified when performing color calculations. 5.10 hue: An attribute of the human visual system by which an object appears to be red, yellow, green, blue, or purple, the five principal hues defined by Munsell. 5.11 Munsell Color Order System: Developed by Albert H. Munsell in the early part of the twentieth century. The appearance of color is based on perceptual scaling of three attributes: hue, value, and chroma. A Munsell notation is written as a combination of letters and numbers by which the color of an opaque object may be specified by Munsell hue H, Munsell value V, and Munsell chroma C, written as H V/C. 5.12 normal vision: A person having three functioning color receptors (cones), located in the center of the retina responsible for color vision. 5.13 tristimulus values: Amounts of three primaries (lights) required to match a perceivable hue, represented by three parameters X, Y, and Z. Values are calculated by integrating the spectral power distribution of the illuminant. 5.14 value: A color's lightness or darkness on a scale from 0 (absolute black) to 10 (pure white). Value can apply to hues (colors) as well as achromatic (neutral) colors.

6

Safety Colors

6.1

Safety colors - ordinary surface colors

Safety colors in this standard have been chosen for maximum color recognition by observers with normal color vision, and those with color vision deficiencies. These safety colors are ordinary opaque surface colors, they are neither fluorescent or phosphorescent, see Table 1. 6.2

Safety white

The specification for safety white is written as N 9/. Absolute white has a neutral value of N 10/. “N” represents the neutral value, or gray scale in the Munsell system. The intent of the permissible color range shown in Table 6 is to allow for greater deviation from neutral white in the red-to-orange-to-yellow hue range, and lesser deviation in the rest of the hue circle. This deviation is necessary because most white colorants are really off-whites in the red-to-yellow range. Users should be guided by the ovoid shown in Figure 3, and CIE data in Table 6. 6.3

Safety black

The specification for safety black is written as N 1.5/. The neutral value for absolute black is N 0/. It is acceptable for this neutral value to be lower (darker) than N 1.5/. Users should be guided by the ovoid shown in Figure 3, and CIE data in Table 6. When using safety black, it is important not to exceed the luminance percentage (Y%) given in Table 6. 6.4

Daylight fluorescent safety colors

These colors may be required for special applications where ordinary safety colors lack the high visibility that may be necessary. Fluorescent colorants are best know for their brilliance and their facility for obtaining higher chroma and lightness than non-fluorescent colorants. The color of fluorescent materials depends upon the quality of the illumination under which it is observed. The individual spectral excitation is a function of the colorant's chemical structure. Although each colorant has its own DRAFT – Do not quote or circulate without permission. 4

excitation spectrum, many fluorescent colorants are excited by invisible ultraviolet radiation to produce emission spectra in the visible region. In addition, a number of violet and blue colorants are excited by visible light to give near infra-red energy which is not seen by human observers. [ 6 ] Using modern technology it is now possible to produce materials with fluorescent color stability approaching that of conventional colors. Fluorescent materials are now available that maintain their chromaticity and high level of fluorescent emission after years of exposure in severe climates. The end result is a redefinition of the contribution fluorescent materials can make towards improving the visibility and conspicuity of signing and markings. Given today’s visually complex environments, one can expect increasing use of fluorescent materials for visual signalling, especially for critical safety applications such as traffic control signing, warning clothing for pedestrian visibility enhancement and industrial work place signing. [ 7 ] Precise measurement of ultraviolet-activated fluorescent specimens requires the instrument provide broadband illumination intensity from 300 to 780 nm, and the spectral distribution of the illumination on the specimen should closely duplicate CIE Standard Illuminant D65. When highest measurement precision and reproducibility are required, the wavelength range should extend from 300 to 830nm. [ 8 ] Special care may be needed if fluorescent and non-fluorescent safety colors of the same chromaticity are chosen to be used together, as different deteriorations might produce dissimilarities of the chromaticities. [ 9 ] See Figure 1 for fluorescent safety color boundaries, and Tables 4 - 5 for chromaticity coordinates.

7

Optimum visibility

It is important to examine the relationship of safety colors and their surrounding field to ensure optimum visibility, especially lightness contrast. There should be sufficient contrast between the safety color and its surround so it appears distinct and its hazard level is immediately recognized. Study the placement of safety markings and minimize the number of signs used, too many colors appearing simultaneously in the visual field can lead to confusion in the event of an emergency.

8

Surface finish

Careful consideration should be given to any protective surface applied to a safety sign such as a clear overcoat or transparent film. A glossy protective surface will saturate the safety color, and reflected light can alter the appearance of the safety color. A matte protective surface will de-saturate the safety color increasing the luminance percentage (Y%), and it could cause it to fall outside the safety color’s allowable tolerance limit. If a protective surface is applied to the safety color it should be measured to insure it is within recommended tolerances given in Tables 1, 2, or 3.

9

External illumination of safety colors

Safety colors should be distinguishable when viewed under normal lighting conditions, within reason. Safety colors shall be illuminated to levels, which permit positive identification of the safety color and the message conveyed by that color. If, however, the illumination is from daylight in one of its usual phases (direct sunlight, overcast sky, etc.), or from incandescent tungsten-filament lamps, or from white fluorescent lamps of good color-rendering properties, then, since the eye of the observer will undergo rapid chromatic adaptation to these illuminants, the colors will retain sufficient constancy of appearance for most practical purposes, even though the measured chromaticities have moved outside the recommended limits. Such changes are acceptable, since the message of the color-coding is preserved. [10 ]

10

Safety color stability

5 permission.


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0 Deterioration of surface colors in use is a common occurrence, and care must be taken that safety colors always remain in compliance with their specifications. Particular attention should be given to fluorescent colors, as they are liable to undergo rapid changes in chromaticity and luminance factor on exposure to radiation and wear if they are not provided with special protective surfaces. Frequent inspections of fluorescent colors are advised until the normal useful life has been confidently ascertained for each typical situation where these colors are used. [ 11 ]

11

Tables and Figures

The following are Munsell notations and Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates which describe the Office of Hazardous Materials Transportation Label and Placard Color Tolerance Charts in Tables 1 and 2, and the CIE coordinates for the color tolerances specified in Table 3. Central Colors and tolerances described in Table 2 approximate those described in Table 1 while allowing for differences in production methods and materials used to manufacture labels and placards surfaced with printing inks. Primarily, the color charts based on Table 1 are for label or placard colors applied as opaque coatings such as paint, enamel or plastic, whereas color charts based on Table 2 are intended for use with labels and placards surfaced only with inks. For labels printed directly on packaging surfaces, Table 3 may be used, although compliance with either Table 1 or Table 2 is sufficient. However, if visual reference indicates that the colors of labels printed directly on package surfaces are outside the Table 1 or 2 tolerances, a spectrophotometer or other instrumentation may be required to insure compliance with Table 3. [12]

Table 1 Specifications for Color Tolerance Charts for use with Labels and Placards Surfaced with Paint, Lacquer, Enamel, Plastic, other Opaque Coatings, or Ink 1 (Appendix A to §172 – Office of Hazardous Materials Transportation Color Tolerance Charts and Tables) CIE Data for Source C Color SAFETY RED Central color Orange Purple and vivid Grayish Vivid Light Dark

SAFETY ORANGE Central color Yellow and grayish Red and vivid Grayish Vivid Light Dark

Munsell Notation

7.5R 8.5R 6.5R 7.5R 7.5R

4.0/14 4.0/14 4.0/14 4.0/12 4.0/16

Std. Hue + Hue Chroma Chroma

7.5R 7.5R

4.5/14 3.5/14

Value + Value -

5.0YR 6.25YR 3.75YR 5.0YR 5.0YR

6.0/15 6.0/15 6.0/15 6.0/13 6.0/16


5.0YR 5.0YR

6.5/15 5.5/15

Value + Value -

+

+


Y%

x

y

12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 15.57 09.00

.5959 .6037 .5869 .5603 .6260 .5775 .6226

.3269 .3389 .3184 .3321 .3192 .3320 .3141

30.05 30.05 30.05 30.05 30.05 36.20 24.58

.5510 .5452 .5552 .5311 .5597 .5427 .5606

.4214 .4329 .4091 .4154 .4239 .4206 .4218

SAFETY YELLOW Central color Green Orange and vivid Grayish Vivid Light Dark

59.10 59.10 59.10 59.10 59.10 68.40 50.68

.4562 .4498 .4632 .4376 .4699 .4508 .4620

.4788 .4865 .4669 .4601 .4920 .4754 .4823

Std. Hue + Hue Chroma Chroma - 2 Chroma + Value + Value -

12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 15.57 09.00

.2111 .1974 .2237 .2350 .2467 .1848 .2204 .2027

.4121 .3809 .4399 .3922 .3822 .4319 .4060 .4163

Std. Hue + Hue Chroma Chroma + Value Value +

09.00 09.00 09.00 09.00 09.00 12.00 06.55

.1691 .1796 .1557 .1888 .1516 .1805 .1576

.1744 .1711 .1815 .1964 .1547 .1888 .1800

5.0Y 6.5Y 3.5Y 5.0Y 5.0Y

8.0/12 8.0/12 8.0/12 8.0/10 8.0/14


5.0Y 5.0Y

8.5/12 7.5/12

Value + Value -

SAFETY GREEN Central color Bluish Green-yellow Grayish A Grayish B 2 Vivid Light Dark

7.5G 0.5BG 5.0G 7.5G 7.5G 7.5G 7.5G 7.5G

4.0/9 4.0/9 4.0/9 4.0/7 4.0/6 4.0/11 4.5/9 3.5/9

SAFETY BLUE Central color Purple Green and vivid Grayish Vivid Light Dark

2.5PB 4.5PG 10.0B 2.5PB 2.5PB 2.5PB 2.5PB

3.5/10 3.5/10 3.5/10 3.5/8 3.5/12 4.0/10 3.0/10

7 permission.

+


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0

Table 1 – continued Specifications for Color Tolerance Charts for use with Labels and Placards Surfaced with Paint, Lacquer, Enamel, Plastic, other Opaque Coatings, or Ink 1 CIE Data for Source C Color SAFETY PURPLE Central color Reddish purple Blue purple Reddish gray Gray 2 Vivid Light Dark

Munsell Notation

10.0P 2.5RP 7.5P 10.0P 10.0P 10.0P 10.0P 10.0P

4.5/10 4.5/10 4.5/10 4.5/8 4.5/6.5 4.5/12 5.0/10 4.0/10

Std. Hue + Hue Chroma Chroma - 2 Chroma + Value + Value -

Y%

x

y

15.57 15.57 15.57 15.57 15.57 15.57 19.77 12.00

.3307 .3584 .3068 .3280 .3254 .3333 .3308 .3306

.2245 .2377 .2145 .2391 .2519 .2101 .2328 .2162

1

Maximum chroma is not limited. For the colors green and purple, the minimum saturation (chroma) limits for porcelain enamel on metal are lower than for most other surface coatings. Therefore, the minimum chroma limits of these two colors are displayed on the Charts for comparison to porcelain enamel on metal is low, as shown for green (grayish B) and purple (gray). 2

NOTE: CIE – Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage.

Table 2 Specifications for Color Tolerance Charts for Use with Labels and Placards Surfaced with Ink CIE Data for Source C Color SAFETY RED Central series: Central color Grayish Purple Purple and vivid Vivid Orange Orange and grayish Light series: Light Light and orange Light and purple Dark series: Dark A Dark B Dark and purple

Munsell Notation

Y%

x

y

6.8R 7.2R 6.4R 6.1R 6.7R 7.3R 7.65R

4.47/12.8 4.72/12.2 4.49/12.7 4.33/13.1 4.29/13.2 4.47/12.8 4.70/12.4

15.34 17.37 15.52 14.25 13.99 15.34 17.20

.5510 .5368 .5442 .5529 .5617 .5572 .5438

.3286 .3348 .3258 .3209 .3253 .3331 .3382

7.0R 7.4R 6.6R

4.72/13.2 4.96/12.6 4.79/12.9

17.32 19.38 17.94

.5511 .5365 .5397

.3322 .3382 .3289

6.7R 7.0R 7.5R

4.19/12.5 4.25/12.35 4.23/12.4

13.30 13.72 13.58

.5566 .5522 .5577

.3265 .3294 .3329


Table 2 – continued Specifications for Color Tolerance Charts for Use with Labels and Placards Surfaced with Ink CIE Data for Source C Color SAFETY ORANGE Central series: Central color Yellow and grayish A Yellow and grayish B Vivid Red and vivid A Red and vivid B Grayish Light series: Light and vivid A Light and yellow Light and vivid B Dark series: Dark and yellow Dark A Dark B SAFETY YELLOW Central series: Central color Vivid A Vivid B Vivid and orange Grayish A Grayish B Green-yellow Light series: Light Light and green-yellow Light and vivid Dark series: Dark and green-yellow Dark and orange A Dark and orange B SAFETY GREEN Central series: Central color Grayish Blue A Blue B Vivid Vivid green-yellow Green-yellow Light series: Light and vivid Light and blue Light and green-yellow Dark series: Dark and green-yellow Dark and grayish Dark

9 permission.

Munsell Notation

Y%

x

y

5.0YR 5.8YR 6.1YR 5.1YR 3.9YR 3.6YR 4.9YR

6.10/12.15 6.22/11.7 6.26/11.85 6.07/12.3 5.87/12.75 5.91/12.6 6.10/11.9

31.27 32.69 33.20 30.86 28.53 29.05 31.22

.5193 .5114 .5109 .5226 .5318 .5291 .5170

.4117 .4155 .4190 .4134 .4038 .4021 .4089

5.8YR 6.0YR 4.9YR

6.78/12.7 6.80/12.8 6.60/12.9

39.94 40.20 37.47

.5120 .5135 .5216

.4177 .4198 .4126

5.8YR 5.1YR 5.0YR

5.98/11.0 5.80/11.1 5.80/11.0

29.87 27.80 27.67

.5052 .5127 .5109

.4132 .4094 .4068

4.3Y 4.5Y 3.3Y 3.2Y 4.1Y 5.1Y 5.2Y

7.87/10.3 7.82/10.8 7.72/11.35 7.72/10.8 7.95/9.7 8.06/9.05 7.97/9.9

56.81 55.92 54.24 54.25 58.18 60.12 58.53

.4445 .4503 .4612 .4576 .4380 .4272 .4356

.4589 .4658 .4624 .4572 .4516 .4508 .4605

5.4Y 5.4Y 4.4Y

8.59/10.5 8.56/11.2 8.45/11.4

70.19 69.59 67.42

.4351 .4414 .4490

.4628 .4692 .4662

4.4Y 3.4Y 3.5Y

7.57/9.7 7.39/10.4 7.41/10.0

51.82 48.86 49.20

.4423 .4584 .4517

.4562 .4590 .4544

9.75G 10.0G 1.4BG 1.0BG 8.4G 7.0G 7.85G

4.26/7.75 4.46/7.5 4.20/7.4 4.09/7.75 4.09/8.05 4.23/8.0 4.46/7.7

13.80 15.25 13.36 12.60 12.59 13.54 15.23

.2214 .2263 .2151 .2109 .2183 .2292 .2313

.3791 .3742 .3625 .3685 .3954 .4045 .3914

9.5G 0.2BG 8.3G

4.45/8.8 4.31/8.8 4.29/9.05

15.21 14.12 14.01

.2141 .2069 .2313

.3863 .3814 .4006

7.1G 9.5G 8.5G

4.08/7.1 4.11/6.9 3.97/7.2

12.55 12.70 11.78

.2354 .2282 .2269

.3972 .3764 .3874


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0 Table 2 – continued Specifications for Color Tolerance Charts for Use with Labels and Placards Surfaced with Ink CIE Data for Source C Color SAFETY BLUE Central series: Central color Green and grayish A Green and grayish B Vivid Purple and vivid A Purple and vivid B Grayish Light series: Light and green A Light and green B Light and vivid Dark series: Dark and grayish Dark and purple A Dark and purple B SAFETY PURPLE Central series: Central color Red Red and vivid A Red and vivid B Vivid Blue Grayish Light series: Light and red A Light and red B Light and vivid Dark series: Dark and grayish Dark and vivid Dark and blue

Munsell Notation

Y%

x

y

3.5PB 2.0PB 1.7PB 2.9PB 4.7PB 5.0PB 3.75PB

3.94/9.7 4.35/8.7 4.22/9.0 3.81/9.7 3.53/10.0 3.71/9.9 4.03/9.1

11.58 14.41 13.50 10.78 09.15 10.20 12.17

.1885 .1962 .1898 .1814 .1817 .1888 .1943

.1911 .2099 .2053 .1852 .1727 .1788 .1961

1.7PB 1.5PB 3.2PB

4.32/9.2 4.11/9.6 3.95/10.05

14.22 12.72 11.70

.1904 .1815 .1831

.2056 .1971 .1868

3.9PB 4.8PB 5.2PB

4.01/8.7 3.67/9.3 3.80/9.05

12.04 09.95 10.76

.1982 .1918 .1985

.1992 .1831 .1885

9.5P 1.0RP 1.4RP 0.2RP 8.0P 7.0P 8.8P

4.71/11.3 5.31/10.8 5.00/11.9 4.39/12.5 4.04/12.0 4.39/10.8 5.00/10.3

17.25 22.70 19.78 14.70 12.23 14.71 19.73

.3274 .3404 .3500 .3365 .3098 .3007 .3191

.2165 .2354 .2274 .2059 .1916 .2037 .2251

0.85RP 1.1RP 9.2P

5.56/11.1 5.27/12.3 4.94/11.95

25.18 22.72 19.24

.3387 .3460 .3247

.2356 .2276 .2163

9.6P 8.4P 7.5P

4.70/10.9 4.05/11.6 4.32/10.5

17.19 12.35 14.19

.3283 .3144 .3059

.2204 .1970 .2078


Table 3 Specification for Colors for Use with Labels Printed on Packaging Surfaces CIE data for source C

Red

Orange

Yellow

Green

Blue

Purple

x y x y x y x y

.424 .306 .571 .306 .424 .350 .571 .350

.460 .370 .543 .400 .445 .395 .504 .430

.417 .392 .490 .442 .390 .430 .440 .492

.228 .354 .310 .354 .228 .403 .310 .403

.200 .175 .255 .250 .177 .194 .230 .267

.377 .205 .377 .284 .342 .205 .342 .284

23.0 7.7

41.6 19.5

72.6 29.1

20.6 7.4

15.9 6.5

21.2 8.2

Y% (high) Y% (low)

[Amdt. 172-50, 44 FR 9757, Feb. 15, 1979; Amdt. 172-50, 44 FR 10984, Feb. 26, 1979, as amended by Amdt. 172-50, 44 FR 22467, Apr. 16, 1979; 50 FR 45731, Nov. 1, 1985; Amdt. 172-127, 59 FR 49133, Sept. 26, 1994]

Table 4 Specification for Fluorescent Safety Colors Recommended Limits of Fluorescent Colors in Terms of CIE Recommendations No. 39-2, 1983 for Surface Colors for Visual Signalling

Color

Boundary

Equation of the Boundary Limits

Restricted Red

Purple White Orange

y = 0.345 - 0.051 x y = 0.910 - x y = 0.314 + 0.390 x

Restricted Orange

Red White Yellow

y = 0.265 + 0.205 x y = 0.910 - x y = 0.207 + 0.390 x

Unrestricted Red-Orange

Purple White Yellow

y = 0.345 - 0.051 x y = 0.910 - x y = 0.207 + 0.390 x

Restricted Yellow

Orange White Green

y = 0.108 + 0.707 x y = 0.910 - x y = 1.35 x - 0.093

Unrestricted Yellow

Orange White Green

y = 0.108 + 0.707 x y = 0.697 - 0.547 x y = 1.667 x – 0.100

Green

Yellow White Blue

y = 0.313 y = 0.243 + 0.670 x y = 0.493 - 0.524 x

11 permission.

Minimum Luminanc e Factor

Minimum Spectral Radiance Factor %

Wavelength Range (nm)

0.25

--

--

0.40

--

--

--

100

600-630

0.60

--

--

--

100

520-540

0.25

30

510-530


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0 Table 5 (x, y) Chromaticity coordinates of the corners of the recommended limits for fluorescent safety colors specified in Table 4, in terms of the CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric System, measured with 45/0 geometry, and evaluation with CIE Standard Illuminant D65 1 Color

2

3

4

x

y

x

y

x

y

x

y

Restricted Red

0.690

0.310

0.595

0.315

0.569

0.341

0.655

0.345

Restricted Orange

0.610

0.390

0.535

0.375

0.506

0.404

0.570

0.429

Unrestricted Red-Orange

0.690

0.310

0.595

0.315

0.506

0.404

0.570

0.429

Restricted Yellow

0.522

0.477

0.470

0.440

0.427

0.483

0.465

0.534

Unrestricted Yellow

0.522

0.477

0.470

0.440

0.360

0.500

0.412

0.587

Green

0.313

0.682

0.313

0.453

0.209

0.383

0.013

0.486

Table 6 Specifications for Safety White and Safety Black

Color Safety White

Standard and Tolerances Standard Hue + Hue Value + Value Chroma +

Munsell Notation Specifications Hue Value / Chroma

Standard Hue + Hue Value ++ Value + Value Chroma + Chroma

Y%

x

y

0.3101 -

0.3163 -

0.3101 -

0.3163 -

N9.0

/

78.66

N9.5 N8.75

/ / /1.0(5R-5Y) /0.5(5G-5P) /0.0

90.01 73.40

N1.5

/

2.02

N2.5 N2.0 N0.5

/1 / / /0.5 /0.0

4.61 3.13 0.58

Chroma Safety Black

CIE Data for source C

1

V++ for matte Safety Black only. For the purposes of this standard, matte is defined by ASTM D523, Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss, as having a 60° (angle of reflection) gloss value of less than 30%.


Two sets of specifications are provided (Table 4). Those designated “restricted” are identical with the current CIE Recommendations No. 39-2, 1983, for Surface Colors for Visual Signalling. They should be used when the primary consideration is the differentiation among the three fluorescent colors: red, orange, and yellow, used together in a single system. The designation “unrestricted” should be used when the primary consideration is the differentiation between only yellow and red-orange fluorescent colors, but it is required that these colors remain distinguishable for an extended period of time.

Figure 1 Section of the CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram Showing Green, Yellow-to-Red Region, and Chromaticity Specification Boundaries for ANSI Z535.1 Fluorescent Safety Colors

13 permission.


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0

The solid circle inside each color region identifies the standard for that safety color. *See Figure 3 for ANSI neutral limit regions.

Figure 2 CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram of Color Regions for ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors


The position of black on the chromaticity diagram: As one varies the total intensity of a light beam, its chromaticity coordinates stay fixed but its “brightness" changes. One can do this for all the colors on the diagram at once by watching the diagram as its brightness is changed continuously. The diagrams would all have identical shapes and boundaries but the labels we place on the diagram would vary from diagram to diagram. Thus, for example, as intensity decreased the white point on the diagram would turn from white to light grey to dark grey and finally to black. The latter color, black, is the total absence of light, so it corresponds to zero intensity and a totally black diagram. Black has no x and y coordinates, X=Y=Z+0. [13]

Figure 3 Enlarged View of the CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram Showing Neutral Limits for Safety White and Safety Black

12

Normative References

[ 1]

Wyszecki, G., Stiles W.S., Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, 2nd Ed., (1982) John Wiley & Sons, p. 487

[ 2]

Fortner, B., Meyer, T. E., Number By Colors, A Guide to Using Color To Understand Technical Data, (1997) Springer-Verlag, p.16

[ 3]

ASTM E308-08, Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System, 5., p.4

[ 4]

CIE 15: Technical Report, Colorimetry, 3rd Edition, p. 4 REQUEST PERMISSION TO USE THIS

[ 5]

Wyszecki, G., Stiles W.S., Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, 2nd Ed., (1982) John Wiley & Sons, p. 144

[ 6]

CIE Technical Report CIE 18, Calibration Methods and Photo-luminescent Standards for Total Radiance Factor Measurements (2007), 2.2, p. 6 REQUEST PERMISSION TO USE THIS

[ 7]

CIE Technical Report CIE 18, Calibration Methods and Photo-luminescent Standards for Total Radiance Factor Measurements (2007), 2.3, p.8 REQUEST PERMISSION TO USE THIS

[ 8]

ASTM E991-06, Standard Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the One-Monochromator Method 1, 4.2, p. 2

[ 9]

IALA Recommendation E-108 on The Surface Colours used as Visual Signals on Aids Navigation, Edition 2, December (2009), p. 6 REQUEST PERMISSION TO USE THIS

[10]

CIE 39.3-1996 Revision 1, Technical Report, Recommendations for Surface Colours for Visual Signalling, p.4 REQUEST PERMISSION TO USE THIS

15 permission.

to


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0 [11]

IALA Recommendation E-108 on The Surface Colours used as Visual Signals on Aids Navigation, Edition 2, December (2009), p. 6 REQUEST PERMISSION TO USE THIS

[12]

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT 49 CFR, Appendix A to §172

[13]

Signell, P., Specification of Color Chromaticity, Michigan State University, 5c, p. 14

This page intentionally left blank.

Annex A (informative) Chromaticity diagram for safety yellow


to

The bounding lines show the range of all acceptable hues for Safety Yellow. They extend from the edge of the spectrum locus towards the center of the chromaticity diagram.

Figure A1 Enlarged View of the CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram Showing the Color Region for Safety Yellow

17 permission.


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0

Annex B (informative) Color region comparison between ANSI Z535.1 and ISO 3864-4 Figure B1 provides a comparison between ANSI Z535.1 Safety Color regions and ISO 3864-4 Safety Colour regions on the CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram.

The solid circles inside each safety color boundary region, identifies the standard for each ANSI safety color. The gray boundary lines identify ISO safety colours.

Figure B1 ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors Using Illuminant C and ISO 3864-4 Safety Colours Using Standard Illuminant D65


Annex C (informative) Safety color cross-reference chart Table C1 ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors - Cross-Reference Chart

SAFETY COLOR Safety Red

MUNSELL NOTATION Hue Value / Chroma

PROCESS COLOR

HTML CODE

sRGB

C

M

Y

K

R

G

B

7.5 R

4.0 / 14

0

100

75

4

198

12

48

C60C30

5.0 YR

6.0 / 15

0

55

100

0

225

121

0

FF7900

5.0 Y

8.0 / 12

0

10

100

0

254

209

0

FED100

7.5 G

4.0 /

9

100

0

58

22

0

127

100

007F64

2.5 PB

3.5 / 10

90

48

0

0

0

115

207

0073CF

10.0 P

4.5 / 10

69

100

1

5

110

38

123

6E267B

255

255

255

FFFFFF

30

30

30

1E1E1E

or PANTONE® 186 C

Safety Orange or PANTONE® 151 C

Safety Yellow or PANTONE® 109 C

Safety Green or PANTONE® 335 C

Safety Blue or PANTONE® 285 C

Safety Purple or PANTONE® 259 C

Safety White

N 9.0 /

Safety Black

N 1.5 /

0

0

0

100

or PANTONE® Process BLACK1 1

This black is not a dense black, but will appear as brownish black since it relies on the other process colors to create a richer black. For a rich dense black, use PANTONE® black or equivalent. NOTE stock.

The “C” following each PANTONE ® number represents how the color will appear when printed on a coated

In lieu of the safety colors specified in ANSI Z535.1, the PANTONE ® colors listed in Table C1 may be used. Refer to the current edition of the PANTONE Formula Guide®. PANTONE® and PANTONE Color Bridge® are the property of Pantone LLC. The chart shown in Table C1 is intended to assist producers and designers who need to properly specify safety colors for a variety of media. PANTONE® colors simulated in four-color process are within the tolerance limits for safety yellow, safety green, safety purple and safety black. Safety red, safety orange and safety blue are to be matched as a spot color in most instances. Since process color printing may not achieve the PANTONE® color specified, make certain the color is equivalent to the color swatch displayed in the PANTONE Color Bridge® Guide. If the process color is not within tolerances, it must be reproduced as a spot color. CMYK color formulas may not achieve the minimum chroma (C minus colors) in Table 1 and be less vivid than the Munsell Notation for each safety color. Munsell color sheets designed to meet ANSI Z535.1 safety color specifications are available from X-RITE, Incorporated. Colors viewed on a computer monitor can appear differently when printed. Color gamuts vary from computers to output devices and may require color correction to accurately reproduce a color.

19 permission.


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0 Please ensure that only PANTONE® licensed materials (e.g. vinyl, printing inks) are used when pieces are printed or manufactured. PANTONE® publications should be replaced annually to maintain optimal performance.


Annex D (informative) ISO information D1

ISO 3864-4:2011, Annex E

NOTE The following is from ISO 3864-4:2011, Annex E, and is reprinted with permission. References to clauses and tables are to those in ISO 3864-4:2011, not in ANSI Z535.1. To ensure numbering consistency of tables that appear in ANSI Z535.4, the referenced Table E.1 of ISO 3864-4 is Table D1 of ANSI Z535.1.

Examples of safety colours and contrast colours for object colours of ordinary materials Colour regions for ordinary materials are specified in Table 1 by chromaticity coordinates and a luminance factor. However, manufacturers of safety signs might need guidelines concerning what the respective colours look like. For this purpose, and not for colour matching, examples of colour swatches within the colour region are given in Table E.1. Some of the colour references are specified in various national standards for safety signs. The colour references in Table E.1 are available as colour swatches. The order of listing within the columns of thetable is arbitrary and the rows of the table do not represent any closeness of colour matching. Table D1 [ISO 3864-4:2011] Table E.1 – Ordinary materials: examples for object colours that fall within the specified chromaticity coordinates and luminance factor for the colour region Colour swatch Red

RAL (DIN 6164)

Munsell

BS 5252

NCS

RAL 3001 (7,5: 8,5: 3)

7,5R4/14 Gb

04E56

S 1080-R GL

RAL 3001/840-HR (7,6: 7,3: 3.2)

7,5R4/15 Ga

04E53

S 1085-Y90R

RAL EFFECT 450-6 (7,6: 8,1: 2,0)

7,5R4/16 G

S 1080-90R GL S1580-Y90R S1580-Y90R GL S2570-Y90R GL

21 permission.


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0 Table D1 - continued Yellow

RAL 1003 (2,5: 6,5: 1)

2,5Y8/12 G

08E53

S 0585-Y20R GL

RAL 1003/840-HR (2,6: 6,2: 0,9)

2,5Y8/14 Ga

08E51

S 1070-Y10R

RAL 1021/840-HR (1,9: 6,6: 0,9)

2,5Y8/16 G

10E55

S 0580-Y10R

RAL EFFECT 290-6 (2,7: 6,1: 0,8)

5Y8/14 Gb

10E51

S 1080-Y10R GL

RAL EFFECT 270-5 (2,0: 6,5: 0,9)

5Y8/14 G

S 1070-Y10R GL

10YR8/12 G

S 1080-Y10R

10YR8/14 G

S 0580-Y10R GL S 0570-Y10R GL S 0570-Y10R S 1080-Y S 1080-Y GL S 1070-Y S 0580-Y GL S 1070-Y GL S 0580-Y

Green

RAL 6032 (21,7: 6,5: 4)

10G4/10 Ga

RAL 6032/840-HR (21,7: 5,9: 4,0)

7,5G4/9 Gb

S 2060-G GL S 3060-G GL

RAL EFFECT 220-5 (21,7: 5,9: 4,1)

2,5G4/10 G

S 2060-G

5G4/10 G

S 2565-G GL

5G4/8 G

S 2565-G

7,5G4/10 G

S 3060-G

14E56

S 1565-G GL S 1565-G

S 3060-B90G GL Blue

RAL 5005 (16,7: 7,2: 3,8)

2,5PB3.5/10Ga,b

20E56

S 2065-R90B

RAL 5005/840-HR (16,7: 6,3: 3,8)

10B3/8 G

20E53

S 3060-R90B

RAL 5017/840-HR (17,1: 6,3: 3,6)

2,5PB3/8 G

S 3560-R90B

RAL EFFECT 640-5 (16,7: 6,2: 3,7)

2,5PB3/10 G

S 3065-R90B GL

5PB4/12 G

S 3065-R90B

5PB3/10 G

S 4050-R80B S 3060-R80B S 2565-R80B

White

RAL 9003 (N: 0: 0,5)

N9,5 Ga

RAL 9003/840-HR (N: 0,1: 0,4)

N9,0 Gb

RAL EFFECT 120-1 (N: 0,1: 0,4)


00E55

S 0500-N

Table D1 - continued Black

RAL 9004 (N: 0: 9)

N1 Ga

RAL 9005/840-HR (N: 0,1: 8,2)

N1,5 Gb

00E53

S 9000-N

RAL EFFECT 790-5 (N: 0,4: 8,6) NOTE Munsell and NCS colour swatches can have either a glossy or matte finish. Where the finish is glossy, Munsell uses the label “G”, NCS uses the label “GL”. a

JIS Z 9103.

b

ANSI Z 535.1.

To identify a colour reference in another colour classification system, that colour reference should be tested in accordance with 5.2.1 and meet the specifications in Table 1. Colours within the colour region and further from the colour region boundaries are likely to take longer to deteriorate and therefore remain within the colour region limits for longer. The rate of colour deterioration may also depend upon the nature of the pigment used in the finished safety sign. Testing of the durability of safety sign material is given in ISO 17398. D2

ISO references for safety orange

Table D2 ISO References for Colour Order Systems for Safety Colour Orange Colour

DIN 5381 DIN 6164a

RAL

Orange

5,5:6,5:2

2010

a

The colour reference cards in accordance with DIN 6164 can be purchased from DIN’s publishing house (Beuth Verlag GmbH, D-10772 Berlin, www.din.de/beuth) and will be supplied as safety colour cards as grouped in DIN 5381 and on the basis of DIN 6164.

23 permission.


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0

Annex E (informative) Munsell information

Figure E1 Munsell Hue Circle


Figure E2 Munsell Hue, Value, Chroma

25 permission.


ANSI Z535.1-2016, v0.0

2016 Revisions The ANSI Accredited Standards Committee Z535 plans to issue the next revisions of the Z535 standards (Z535.1 through Z535.6) in December 2016. In order to meet that deadline, the committee developed the following tentative timetable: All proposed changes are due: Revisions will be finalized for letter balloting: Letter balloting will be completed by: Public reviews will be completed by: Drafts will be ready to submit to the publisher: Published:

June 30, 2014 April 15, 2015 July 15, 2015 March 1, 2016 May 31, 2016 December 15, 2016

All proposed changes must be submitted by June 30, 2014. Any proposals received after that date will be deferred to subsequent revisions. In order to facilitate the next revision, proposed changes must be submitted on a form for that specific purpose, which is on the next page. Please send this form to: Secretary, ANSI Committee Z535 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752 Rosslyn, VA 22209


ANSI Accredited Standards Committee Z535 on Safety Signs and Colors FORM FOR PROPOSALS Return to:

Secretary, ANSI Committee Z535 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900 Rosslyn, VA 22209

Name _________________________________________ Date ______________________ Address ___________________________________________________________________ Representing _______________________________________________________________ (Please indicate organization or self) E-mail Address ________________________________ Telephone ____________________ 1.

a.

Standard Title __________________________________________________

b.

Section/Paragraph ______________________________________________

2.

Proposal recommends (check one):

New Text Revised Text Deleted Text

3.

Proposal (Include the proposed new or revised text, or identify the words to be deleted. Underline additions and strikethrough deletions.)

4.

Statement of the Problem or Reason for the Proposal

5.

Check one.

This proposal is original material. This proposal is not original material; its source is as follows: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

This original material is the submitter’s own idea based upon his/her own experience, thought, or research, and to the best of his/her knowledge, is not copied from another source. I agree to give NEMA all and full rights, including rights of copyright, in this proposal, and I understand that I acquire no rights in any standards publication in which this proposal in this or another similar or analogous form is used.

_________________________________________ Signature Please do not write in the space below.

Date Received:

27 permission.

Log #


ANSI Z535.1-2006 Safety Colors Draft V0.0

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