2ND SEMESTER OF SY 2010-2011 Mr.. Chris Mantillas Mr
ASIAN CIVILIZATION HIS 033A
THE NATURE AND DEFINITION DEFINITION OF CIVILIZATION
CivilizeCiviliz e- to bring bring or come out of a primitive primitive or savage condition and into a state of civilization. civiliza tion. Improve in habits or manners. Civilization-the condition of being civilized; social organization of a high order order,, mark by the development and use of a written language and by advances in the arts and sciences, government, etc.
IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING ASIA We are Asians and, thus,
we should know k now more about Asia Asia than any other region in the world. Asia will dominate the worlds political, economic and, and spiritual developments in the near future. The Philippines, due to its location and heritage, has always been the light of Asia, and today is still able to fulfill a great role in this Asian renaissance.
East and West Geographers have sometimes divided the
world into two parts: East and West. The East (Orient) is the Asian world, said to be the region of the rising sun. The West (Occident) is Europe and North America, said to be the region of the setting sun.
ASIAS PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Asia is the worlds largest continent, and includes many vast countries, such as the Russian Federation, Federation, and countries with huge populations, such as China and India. Its total area is 44.5 million square kilometers, one third of the land surface of the earth and with sixty percent of its population. p opulation.
ASIAS PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Total Land Area: 44,500,000 sq km Largest Countries: Russia,12,780,8 Russia,12,780,824 24 sq. km. China, 9,596,960 sq. km. Total Population: 3,840,000,000 Highest Population: Population: China, 1,306,313,812
ASIAS PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Bordered on the
north by the Arctic Arctic Ocean. Ocean. On the south by the Indian Ocean. On the east by the Pacific Ocean. Ocean. On the west by the Ural Mountains, Caspian Caspian Sea, Black Sea, and Aegean Sea. It is separated from f rom North America America by the narrow Bering Strait, and from Africa by the man-made Suez Canal. In the southeast, it is linked link ed by tropical islands like stepping-stones to Australia.
Western Asia Also called Near East because of its nearness to Europe, the Middle East lies midway between Asia and Europe. It includes the following countries: 1.
Iran
2.
Iraq
3.
Syria
4.
Lebanon
5.
Jordan
6.
Israel
7.
Saudi Arabia
8.
Kuwait
9.
Bahrain
10. Qatar 11. United Arab Emirates 12. Oman 13. Yemen
North Asia Includes the following countries: 1. Afghanistan 2. Russias Siberia 3. Kazakhstan 4. Kyrgyzstan 5. Tajikistan 6. Turkmenistan 7. Uzbekistan 8.
Georgia
9. Armenia
South Asia Includes the following countries: 1. India 2. Pakistan 3.
Bangladesh
4. Sri Lanka 5.
Bhutan
6. Nepal 7. Maldives
East Asia Also called the Far East, this sub-region includes: 1. China 2. Japan 3. Taiwan 4. North Korea 5. South Korea 6. Mongolia
Southeast Asia In this sub-region are: 1. The Philippines 2. Indonesia 3. Malaysia 4. Singapore 5. Thailand 6. Myanmar 7. Vietnam 8. Cambodia 9. Laos 10.
Brunei
11. Timor Leste
Physical Features
Asia has towering snow-capped mountains like the Himalayas, Ural Mountains, and the Caucasus range. Asia has many peninsulas , notably India, Indochina, Malaya, Korea and Kamchatka. These peninsulas contain excellent harbors and bays. Asia is also the sight of numerous historic rivers that serves as highways of commerce and communications such as the Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, Brahmaputr a, Amur, Yellow, Yellow, Yangtze, Si Kiang, Mekong, Tigris and Euphrates.
Physical Features
Along the North Arctic Coast lies the tundra, frozen soil covered by snow most of the year and stretching from 150-500 km. in northern north ern Asia. South of the tundra extends the zone of the vast northern forests known as the taiga which covers most of Siberia from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean. In the center of Asia, the forest gives gives way to semisemidesert areas known as steppes, which stretch from Arabia to Mongolia. Nine-tenths of the population in Southern Asia live in f ertile ertile river valleys and lower hills cultivated for crops.
Climate and Rainfall
Asia has all kinds of climates known to man, ranging from reezing cold of Siberias Arctic region to the scorching the f the f reezing Asias deserts. heat of Western Asias all is extremely scarce in North Asia, Rain f all Asia, abundant in Southeast and South South Asia, Asia, and relatively little in the Middle East. Asia has both temperate and tropical climates. In the north, temperate climate is felt in the very cold winters and very hot summers. The The climate in southern Asia Asia is dominated by the monsoon , an Arabic word for rainy season, when several months of the year bring heavy rainfall. In the Philippines, heavy rain and strong winds are called typhoons , from the Chinese word tai fung meaning strong wind.
Natural Resources
About 60% of the oil reserves and 50% of world coal deposits lie beneath Asian strata (e.g. Middle East, Brunei and Indonesia). China produces 50% of the world supply of antimony (mineral used in steel) and 30% of tungsten (minerals used for light bulbs). China and Siberia are rich in coal and natural gas deposits, as well as oil. Malaysia is the worlds greatest producer of rubber and tin. Indonesia is the greatest exporter of k of kapok, pepper and quinine. The Philippines ranks first in hemp production, second in coconut and sugarcane, and fifth in tobacco. About 90% of the worlds worlds rice comes from Asia. Burma (Myanmar), Vietnam and Thailand are the greatest rice producing countries of the world. Most of the world supply of teak comes from the jungles of Borneo, Myanmar, Cambodia and Thailand. jute, the tough fiber for making sacks. Bangladesh is the leading producer of j The world supply of tea comes largely from Sri Lanka and India.
Natural Wonders
Mt. Everest is the worlds highest peak at peak at 29,028 ft. located on the Nepal-Tibet border. The worlds lowest land area is the Dead Sea at 303 m. below sea level. It is actually a salt lake located in the IsraelIsrael-Jordan Jordan border. border. The worlds largest archipelago is Indonesia consisting of 13,000 islands. The Caspian Sea in Siberia is the largest lake (inland sea) on earth. earth . Lake Baikal, also in Siberia is the worlds deepest lake at 5,710 feet deep. The Philippine Deep is one of the deepest ocean depth at 10,918 meters below sea level. The worlds largest bay is bay is Indias Bengal Bay with a shoreline of 2,250 miles. The worlds longest strait is strait is the Malacca Strait, located between Indonesia and Malaysia (485 miles). The worlds narrowest strait is strait is the San Juanico Strait between the islands of Samar and Leyte in the Philippines.
Man-Made Wonders
The Great Wall of f Ch China. Built by Emperor Shih Huang Ti (220221 B.C.). With a length of 2,700 km. long across North China, it took more than 10 years to finish, and more than 200,000 men labored on the project. ugao Rice Terraces of the Philippines. Built 2,000 years The If ugao ago, if placed end to end, they would extend more than 22,500 km., eight times longer than Chinas Great Wall or more than half the circumference of the Earth. The Ta j Mahal in Agra, India. Hailed by Western writers as the most beautiful and most perfect of all buildings in the world. Borobudur Temple in Java, Indonesia. The Angkor Wat in Cambodia. The Shwe Dagon, the fabulous golden pagoda in Rangoon, Burma (Myanmar). The Dome of the Rock an Islamic Shrine in Jerusalem.
Peoples of Asia
Malaysians ans and Brown Race-represented by Filipinos, Malaysi Indonesians. Yellow Race-represented by the Chinese, Koreans and Japanese. Aryan or Indo-European- a branch of the white race represented by Afghans, Iranians and Indians. Semitics- a branch of the white race represented by Arabs, Jews, Iraqis and Syrians. Asian who migrated to North Red Race- Siberian and Soviet Asian America and became ancestors of American Indians. Eurasians/Amerasians-result of mixed marriages (part European, part Asian or part American, American, part Asian). Asian).
Asian Character Traits
Spirituality. Because the Asian has an innate spiritual nature, there is spiritual dimension to everything he does. Fatalism. The Asian Asian does not believe that he is the master of his soul. Stoicism .The Asian calmly accepts death, pain, illness and misfortune. Hospitality . No matter how humble their situations, Asians will serve and pamper their guests. Extended f amily amily relationships . Strong bonds of love and kinship among Asian family members. A sense of continuity . Whatever man does affects nature. Indirect reasoning . To the Asian there is no such thing as objective truth; truth is always relative.
Ancient Civilizations of Asia
The Mesopotamian Civilizations Civilizations In ancient times, Iraq (then known as Mesopotamia) was the first cradle of civilization. Several ancient civilizations civilizations thrived in this fertile ferti le plain between between two rivers- Sumer Sumerians ians,, Assyrians, Chaldeans and Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians.
Mesopotamian Civilization
The worlds first ancient civilization dawned at Sumer, Mesopotamia (Sumerians), as early as 3,500 B.C. They developed a high civilization civiliza tion which was later absorbed by the Babylonians. The greatest Babylonian ruler was Hammurabi, founder of the empire and author of the famous Hammurabi Code (1800 B.C.).
Mesopotamian Civilization
After the fall of Babylonia, the warlike Assyrians dominated Mesopotamia and and built their own empire (1100612 B.C.). The Assyrian Empire flourished in the TigrisTigrisEuphrates Valley Valley.. Following the collapse of the Assyrians, Assyrians, the Chaldeans rose to power. Their greatest ruler was Nebuchadnezzar who built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the seven wonders of ancient world. The Persians, under Cyrus the Great conquered Iraq in 538 B.C. Then came Alexander Alexander the Great and his successors. Iraq also fell fell under under the power power of the Parthia Parthians ns and the Sasanians.
Mesopotamian Civilization Mesopotamian Contributions Contributions to Civilization. Civilization. Sumerians invented the first plow and 1. The Sumerians the first wheel. The plow p low revolutionized farming and the wheel gave birth to the pottery industry and revolutioni revolutionized zed transportation. They were the first people to domesticate plants (barley, (barley, oats, millet, etc.) and animals (dogs, cats, oxen, etc.)
Mesopotamian Civilization 2. The ancient Mesopotamians were the first people in the world to develop a system of writing, the cuneiform, so called because of its wedge-shaped characters.
The term cuneiform came from the Latin words cuneus cuneus (we (wedge dge)) and forma (form). (form).
Mesopotamian Civilization 3. The worlds worlds first written laws laws were written in ancient Mesopotamia. According According to recent archeological findings, the first written code of laws was made by Ur-Naman, Ur-Naman, king of the Sumerian city-kingdom of Ur, about 2050 B.C. Three centuries later, later, King Hammurabi of Babylonia, promulgated his written legal code (1750 B.C.).
Mesopotamian Civilization 4. The ancient Mesopotamians developed the
worlds first written literature which consisted of lyric and epic poetry, poetry, folklore tales, proverbs and romantic stories. One of the Mesopotamian epics was the Epic of Gilgamesh, which narrates great flood sent by angry gods to destroy peoples, animals and plants on earth. This epic antedated the story of the Great Deluge Del uge (flood) (floo d) in the Old Testament, in which Noah and his family survived.
Mesopotamian Civilization worldss 5. Ancient Mesopotamians were the world first astronomers. They were the first people to chart the movements of the sun, moon and stars; to make the first calendar of 12 months a year and seven days a week. Because of their belief that stars and
planets affect the lives of men, they developed astrology and devised the twelve signs of the zodiac.
Mesopotamian Civilization 6. Mathematics was was first developed in ancient ancient Mesopotamia. The Sumerians who were expert mathematicians, mathematicians, devised the sexagesimal, that is, counting by 60s. They divided the hour into 60 minutes, and the minute into 60 seconds.
Mesopotamian Civilization 7.
The ancient Mesopotamians were the first builders of cities, palaces, temples, and other massive structures, all of which were made of clay bricks. The Mesopotamian cities of Babylon, Nineveh, and Ur were among the oldest cities in the world. Among the wondrous structure in ancient Mesopotamia were the palatial library of the Assyrian Assyrian king, Ashurbanipal (669-626 B.C.), said said to be the worlds oldest library; the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon, which was built by the Chaldean king, Nebuchadnezzar (604-561 B.C.) and the ziggurat, a temple of many stories with an outside staircase leading to the top, a forerunner of the modern skyscraper.
Mesopotamian Civilizations In Medicine: combination n Mesopotamian medicine was a combinatio of magic, prescription and surgery surgery.. They believed that demons and evil spirits caused sickness and that magic spells sp ells could drive them out. Physicians could force the demon out by giving the patient a foul tasting prescription. Medicine grew from superstition to an early form of rational treatment.
Mesopotamian Civilization In Religion and Theology: They believed that many gods run the world, but they are not equal due to their different jobs (e.g. taking care of music, mus ic, law, law, sex and victory) against those with lesser task (basket weaving etc.) Mesopotamian gods were human in form but they are powerful, immortal and can make themselves invisible.
Ancient Civilizations of Asia
The Indus Valley Valley Civilization Indian civilization began in the Indus Valley up north about 3,000 B.C. The ruins of the ancient cities are found in Mohendro-da Mohend ro-daro ro and Harappa Harappa (no (now w in Pakistan). The early dark-skinned dark-skinned people p eople called the Dravidians built cities, temples, and art works as old as those of China, Egypt and Mesopotamia.
Indus Valley Civilization
About 2,000 B.C., the fair skinned Aryans invaded the Indus In dus Valley. Valley. They spoke spoke Sanskrit and founded small kingdoms in the fertile f ertile plains of north India. They They gave India the Vedic literature, Sanskrit epics, Hinduism, and the caste system.
Indus Valley Civilization Vedic Literature. The Vedic literature reflects the life and culture of the ancient Aryans Aryans of India. It consist of four literary works: Vedas. Composed of hymns, prayers, praye rs, rituals, magic and poetry poe try.. They were written writt en about 1,000 B.C. and were the earliest sacred books of Hinduism. 2. Brahmanas. Prose texts containing observations on religious rites. Also includes legends of the exploits of ancient kings and heroes. 1.
Indus Valley Civilization 3. Arankayas. Books of instructions for the hermits in the forests. They contain elaborate rules for the performance of religious ceremonies. 4. Upanishads. Books of instructions given by a father to his son or the teacher to his pupil.
Indus Valley Civilization Sanskrit Epic. The two great Sanskrit epics of ancient India were the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. According to tradition, the Mahabharata was written by Bya yasa sa abo about ut 500 B.C. It is the longest epic poem in the world. The Mahabharata tells the tale of the five brothers struggle to recover the throne from their wicked cousins. The Hindu god Krishna helps them win the bloody battle.
Indus Valley Civilization The Ramayana is shorter and was written by
Valmiki, also about 500 B.C. This tells the story of Prince Pri nce Rama, the seventh reincarnation of the Hindu God Vishnu. When his beautiful wife Siva was abducted by Ravana, demon god of Ceylon, Rama invaded Ceylon with an army of monkeys. After many bloody battles, he killed his enemy, rescued his wife, and returned to India with his victorious army of monkeys.
Indus Valley Civilization Hinduism. th e foundation of Hinduism, The Aryans, laid the Indiass main religion today and the source of India many modern cults. Hinduism is the worlds oldest organized religion. It began as nature worship (animism) as the Aryans prayed to forces of nature for favors. They have 300 million gods g ods and goddesses representing natural forces and personified gods to fit human needs.
Indus Valley Civilization
The chief Hindu god is Brahma, the creator and world soul. Lesser gods are Vishnu (preserver) and Shiva (destroyer). Between these gods and man are bewildering number of other gods- nine versions of the divine divine mother, mother, an elephant god, a good luck god, sun god, earth god, etc. These gods intercede for man according to Hindus. They also believe in the karma (destiny) and reincarnation (a good soul is reborn after death into a higher status; a bad soul into a lower status or animal). After a cycle of births and deaths, the soul of a good man is finally rewarded by being absorbed into Brahma, the creator and source of true happiness. Much of the beliefs and practices of Hinduism have been spread worldwide by informal organizations led by gurus, spiritual teachers.
Indus Valley Civilization Caste System. The caste (class) system has become part of Indian life due to the religious approval given to it by Hinduism. It divides people into rigid castes or classes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Brahmans, priests and scholars.
Kshatriyas, rulers or warriors. Vaishyas, farmers, artists and merchants Sudras, workers and slaves. Untouchables, persons who do not belong to any class and do the dirtiest work like cleaning toilets and collecting garbage.
Indus Valley Civilization The caste system began as a
race prejudice of the fair Aryans against the dark Dravidians. To dominate them further further,, the Aryans made class divisions a holy law. Thus, untouchables may not enter temples or public baths and wells, for they would desecrate or pollute others caste and offend the gods.
Indus Valley Civilization Buddhism. In the 6th
century B.C. a new religion started in the Indian subcontinent which rejected Hinduism. This was Buddhism named after its founder Gautama Buddha. Noble Truths, and a nd Buddha taught all men the four Noble these are: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Mans life is filled with suffering. Mans suffering is caused by his selfish desires. Man can end his suffering by conquering his selfish desires. After ridding himself of suffering, man attains the state of Nirvana (perfect happiness).
Indus Valley Civilization To attain Nirvana, a person must follow the
Eight Folds Path consisting of: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Right belief Right aspiration Right speech Right conduct Right livelihood Right effort Right remembrance Right meditation
Indus Valley Civilization Buddhism is split into two branches:
Mahayana (Greater Vehicle) Vehicle) which involves priests. By first century centu ry A.D A.D., ., Mahayana M ahayana Buddhism reached Tibet, China, China, Korea, Japan and Southeast Southea st Asia. Hinayana a (Lesser Vehicle ehicle)) which is a personal 2. Hinayan direct worship, remained in Nepal and Ceylon (Sri Lanka). 1.
Ancient Chinese Civilization The
worlds oldest continuing civilization, with a recorded history of 5,000 years. Chinese prehistory dates to the Peking Man who settled in the Huang Ho (Yellow River) half a million years ago. At the time of the small states in Mesopotamia, Indus Valley Valley and Egypt, Chinass north and central plains had China h ad been populated by peasant stock of the New Stone Age.
Ancient Chinese Civilization According rding to Acco
myths, Chinese civilization began with three sages and five good emperors who were credited with various improvements in society:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Agriculture The plow Silk Industry Compass Writing Calendar
Ancient Chinese Civilization The Chinese Dynasties. Xia (Hsia) Dynasty (2205-1766 B.C.) Founded by Emperor Yu. Shang Dynasty (1766-1122 B.C.), Was the first to have writing, metal working, cities and chariots. Shang kings were military chieftains and high priest. Shang society was marked by sharp status distinctions. Shang Royal family and aristocracy lived in large houses. Shang farmers were essentially serfs of the aristocrats.
Ancient Chinese Civilization Zhou (Chou) Dynasty ( 1050-256 B.C.)
The Zhou recognized the Shang
as occupying
the center of the world. The Zhou Dynasty built on the accomplishments acco mplishments of its predecessors. Heaven gives the king the mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people. The Zhou rulers set up a decentralized, feudal system.
Ancient Chinese Civilization They sent out relatives and trusted
subordinates with troops to establish walled garrisons in conquered territories. like e at various social Glimpses of what life was lik levels in the early Zhou Dynasty can be found in the Book of Songs, which contains the earliest Chinese poetry.
Ancient Chinese Civilization
Many of the folk songs are love songs like: l ike: Please Ple ase,, Zh Zhong ongzi zi,, Do not leap over our wall, Do not break our mulberry trees. It is not that I begrudge the mulberries, But I fear my brothers. You ou,, I wou oulld emb mbra racce, But B ut my br brot othe hers rs¶¶ wo worrds ds-t -tho hose se I dr drea ead. d.
Ancient Chinese Civilization A Soldiers Song of Complaint: Complaint: WHICH PLANT IS NOT BROWN? WHICH PLANT IS NOT SAD? HAVE PITY ON US SOLDIERS, TREATED AS THOUGH WE WERE NOT MEN.
Ancient Chinese Civilization A deep distrust distrus t of womens involvement in politics: CLEVER MEN BUILD CITIES, CLEVER WOMEN TOPPLE THEM. BEAUTIFUL, THESE CLEVER WOMEN MAY BE BUT THEY ARE OWLS AND KITES. WOMEN HAVE LONG TONGUES THAT LEAD TO RUIN. DISORDER DOES NOT COME DOWN FROM HEAVEN; IT IS PRODUCED BY WOMEN.
Ancient Chinese Civilization Age of Philosophers. China produced three (3) outstanding philosophers during the Zhou dynastyConfucius (551-479 B.C.), Lao Tzu Tzu (604-517 (604-517 B.C.) and Mencius (373-289 B.C.)
Ancient Chinese Civilization ucius (Kung-f u-tzu, u-tzu, the Scholar). Conf ucius Chinas greatest philosopher. Did not intend to found a new religion. He travelled throughout China China to teach virtues such as: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Righteousness Propriety Wisdom Piety Loyalty
Ancient Chinese Civilization
These virtues according according to him must guide human relations, such as between ruler and subjects, parents and children, husband and wife, older and younger siblings, and friends.
Ancient Chinese Civilization
The Golden Rule influenced Chinese life.
On humanity: The master said: W hen you go out, treat everyone as if you were welcoming a great guest. Employ people as though you were conducting a great sacrifice. W hat you do not want done to you, do not do to others. Then neither in your country nor in your fa f ami mily ly wi will ll th ther eree be co comp mpla lain ints ts ag agai ains nstt yo you. u. -
Ancient Chinese Civilization considered the Confucius considered
family the basic
unit of society. He extolled filial piety, which to him meant more than just reverent obedience of children toward their parents:
Ancient Chinese Civilization On Filial Piety: The Master Said: You can be of service to your father and mother by remonstrating with them tactfully tactfully.. If you perceive that they do not wish to follow f ollow your advice, the continue to be reverent toward them without offending off ending or disobeying them; work hard and do not murmur against them
Ancient Chinese Civilization He gave high moral and ethical values
to an otherwise materialistic, materialistic, oppressive, and rigid society. His teachings were popular and compiled in five classics and four books
Ancient Chinese Civilization On leadership: The Master said: Lead the people by means of government g overnment policies and regulate them through punishments, and they will be evasive and have no sense of shame. Lead them by means of virtue and regulate them through rituals and they will have a sense of shame and moreover have standards.
Ancient Chinese Civilization On the power of study: The master said: I am not someone who was born wise. I am someone who loves the ancients and tries to learn from them. I once spent a whole day without eating and a whole night without sleeping in order to think. It was of no use. It is better to study
Ancient Chinese Civilization Lao Tzu (The Old Scholar). The founder of Taoism, another human ethics-based religion. Tao Te Te Ching According to him in his work Tao (Way of Virtue): Virtue): Anyone can find true happiness by practicing the virtues of humility, patience and self-control. His followers transformed his philosophy into a religion of black magic and superstition.
Ancient Chinese Civilization Mencius Like Confucius travelled around offering advice to rulers of various states. Human nature is fundamentally good, as everyone is born with the capacity to recognize what is right and act on it. righ t to overthrow a People have the right government by violent means.
Ancient Chinese Civilization
The Art of War. Attributed to Sun Wu appeared between 453 to 403 B.C.. Master Sun analyzed battle tactics and ways to win wars without combat by deceiving the enemy. He argued that heroism is a useless virtue that leads to needless deaths. Discipline is essential, and he insisted that the entire army had to be trained to follow the orders of its commanders without questioning them.
Asian Dynasties and Empires Early Indian Dynasties The Maury auryan an Empir Empire e (32 (322-18 2-185 5 B.C.E.) The first Hindu Empire. Founded by Chandragupt Chand ragupta a Maurya who rallied rallied the Indians Indians and drove away the Greeks after the death of Alexander the Great of Macedonia. The empire covered the whole Indian peninsula, except south India.
Indian Dynasties
The grandson of Maurya, Asoka, became the greatest greate st Maurya empero emperorr 273-2 273-232 32 B.C.) He rebelled against his brother older brother brother,, the rightful king and succeeded in his bloody bid for the throne. He made Buddhism the state religion and sent missionaries to other Asian countries. He built inns, orphanages, hospitals, and led an exemplary life.
Indian Dynasties
Ashoka co Ashoka conqu nquere ered d Kalin Kalinga ga (Ori Orissa ssa)) on the the east coast of India. 100,000 were killed in the battle. Ashoka was consumed consumed with with remorse remorse and and revulsion at the horror of war. He supported the doctrine of not hurting humans or animals.
Indian Dynasties hatever W hatever
good I have done has indeed been accomplished for the pr progress ogress and welfaree of the world. By these shall grow welfar virtues namely: proper support of mother and father, regard for preceptors and elders, proper pr oper treatment treatment of Brahmans Brahma ns and ascetics, of o f the poor and destitute, slaves and servants. -Ashoka
Indian Dynasties Gupta Empire (Indias Golden Age) A.D.), India During this empire (320-647 A.D.), glowed with magnificent cultural achievements. Chandragupta I, raja of Magadha, Founded by Chandragupta around 320 A.D. A.D. fr om United north India and received tribute from states in Nepal and the Indus Valley Valley,, thus giving large parts of India a period of peace and political unity.
Indian Dynasties
Invasion of the HunsInvasion Huns- greate greatest st challenge challenge.. The migration of nomads from Central Central Asia shook much of Eurasia. Administrative system is not as centralized as the Mauryan. The Gupta kings were patron of the arts. Sanskrit masterpieces were preserved , and traditional epic poems and verses on mythological themes were reworked and polished.
Indian Dynasties
The Arabic numerals are of Indian origin. Gupta rulers were Hindus but tolerated all faiths.
Imperial Dynasties of China Qin (Chin) Dynasty (221-206 B.C.) Marks the beginning of the Chinese empire. Qin, succeeded in unifying China China The state of Qin, for the first time in many centuries. The king of Qin decided that the title king was not grand enough and invented the title emperor.
Imperial Dynasties of China Shi Huang Ti became the First Emperor.
China was The Great Wall of China Tartars out of North China.
built to keep the
Imperial Dynasties of China Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.) An early peak of political and cultural development. Trade along alo ng the Silk S ilk Road (Central Asia) flourished. When Rome fell in the West, China became the great civilizer of Eurasia. Buddhism was introduced. Paper was invented , and the first firs t official records were written.
Imperial Dynasties of China Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.) Founded in Xian by Li Yuan after disorders when the Tartars invaded north China. China became the mightiest empire in the world while Europe was in the dark ages. poetry. Tu Fu (God The Golden Age of Chinese poetry. of Poetry), Poetry), Chinas Chinas greatest poet, became an idol of the people.
Imperial Dynasties of China Sung Dynasty (960-1280 (96 0-1280 A.D.) Founded by General Chao KuangYin. Kuang Yin. Under this empire, China became the greatest nation in the world. Her exports of silk, tea and ceramics were prized possessions in Europe, the Middle east and the rest of Asia. Chinas early trade with Early records described Chinas the Philippines and other countries in S.E. Asia (Records (Re cords of Foreign Foreign Nations by Chao Chao Ju-kua Ju-kua from Fujian province)
Ancient Chinese Civilization Yuan Dynasty (13th century) Mongol rule began when Genghis Khan and his Mongol holders overran north China China and Russia. Kublai Khan established the capital at Peking (Beijing). He fostered education, culture and foreign relations with western nations. travelerr, Marco Polo visited v isited China The Venetian travele and his tales stirred western interest to explore the east.
Ancient Chinese Civilization ( 1368-1644 A.D.) Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 The local l ocal Chinese, led by Chu-Y Chu-Yuan Chang, revolted and ousted the Mongols. The ouster ous ter resulted in the start of the Ming Dynasty. Dynasty. Ming emperors restored local cultures-Confucian classics in schools and civil service. China became the mistress of Oriental Seas, and their fleets patrolled the seas of South East Asia and the Indian Ocean. Ocean. Philippine Sulu Sultans paid tribute to the Ming Emperor,, and so did other Asian Emperor Asian nations.
Ancient Chinese Civilization Manchu Dynasty (1644-1911) Founded ded by Tait aitsung sung who led the Manchus Manchus fro from m the Foun northeast frontier to conquer China. nearly ousted in several several revolts revolts The Manchus were nearly by the native Chinese. Manchus were conquered conquered by the splendo splendorr of But the Manchus Chinese culture and blended into the background. Emperor,, Chien Chien Lung (1736-96) (1736-96) The 4th Manchu Emperor ushered a new era of prosperity. Turkestan, Burma, Nepal and China occupied Tibet, Turkestan, Vietnam.
Ancient Chinese Civilization Chinese Contribution Contribution to Civilization Civilization China invented the first paper, brush and ink for writing, the first printing press, the first gunpowder for festival and warfare, and the first compass and water mill. 2. Introduction of the sericulture (silk industry), the use of silk clothes which changed dress fashion worldwide. 3. Gave mankind the Confucian philosophy which still exerts a great influence over the minds of modern people. 1.
Ancient Chinese Civilization Invented the first paper money (flying money). The first newspaper in the world, the Peking Gazette, appeared during du ring the Tang Tang Dynasty Dynasty.. 4. She gave the world the fan, umbrella, paper lantern, chopsticks, kites, calligraphy, and pagoda architecture. 5. Introduced rocket warfare. 6. The Great Wall of China. 3.
Quiz No. 2
Asian Civilizations Identification. Identificatio n. (5 points) Known as the cradle of civilization. The oldest continuing civilization in the world. The early dark skinned people of Indus Valley Civilization. The first Hindu (Indian) empire. Considered as the worlds oldest organized religion. Enumeration 6-10. The 5 classes of people under Hinduism. 11-- 13 Give three (3) imperial dynasties of China. 11 14-15 Give two (2) important contributions of Mesopotamian Civilizations. 16-17. Give two (2) important contributions of Ancient Chinese Civilizations. 18-20. Name the three (3) greatest greates t philosopher of China. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
