TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER
PAGE
INTRODUCTION 1
ASSUMPTION
1
2
FOOTPRINT CALCULATION
5
2.1
6
3
Mass of Building and Energy Use
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
According to U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA! t"e definition of #reen $uilding is t"e %ractice of creating structures and using %rocesses t"at are environmentally res%onsi$le and resource&efficient t"roug"out a $uilding's life&cycle from sitting to design! construction! o%eration! maintenance! renovation and deconstruction. "is %ractice e)%ands and com%lements t"e classical $uilding design concerns of economy! utility! dura$ility! and comfort. #reen $uilding is also *no+n as a sustaina$le or "ig" %erformance $uilding. Alt"oug" ne+ tec"nologies are continually $eing evolved to %erfect current %ractices in designing greener $uilding! t"e first target is t"at green $uildings are created to lessen t"e overall negative effect of t"e $uilt environment on "uman "ealt" and t"e natural environment $y efficiently using energy! +ater! and ot"er resources! %rotecting occu%ant "ealt" and im%roving em%loyee %roductivity and reducing +aste! %ollution and environmental degradation (EPA! 2,1-. %ened in August 2,1-! t"e Sustaina$le Buildings /esearc" 0entre (SB/0 is a multi&disci%linary facility t"at "osts a +ide range of researc" and industry colla$orations to address t"e c"allenges of ma*ing $uildings sustaina$le. Professor Paul 0o%%er and t"e U's team are %ioneering ne+ a%%roac"es to retrofitting tec"niues to create more effective %laces to live and +or* (SB/0 Broc"ure! 2,1-. "e aim of t"e SB/0 is to researc"! colla$orate! and lin*
+it" industry to meet t"e c"allenge of im%roving t"e
%erformance of our ne+ and e)isting $uilding stoc*. "e $uilding "as a 6 Star #reen Star 3esign rating and is going to $e t"e first Australian $uilding to $e certified $y t"e 4iving Building 0"allenge! t"e +orlds most advanced measure of sustaina$ility in t"e $uilt environment. "e SB/0 +as designed to $e a ty%ical e)am%le of t"e use of advanced design and lo+ energy tec"nologies to reduce environmental foot%rint. "e goal of t"e re%ort is to analyses and calculate t"e draft estimation of t"e car$on and +ater foot%rints of t"e SB/0 $uilding $ased on t"e relevant assum%tions. t +ill discuss and determine t"e com%arison of t"e t+o foot%rint indicators calculated.
The following information about the SBRC building has been acquired from the builder/designer: a) Mass of concrete = vol ! s"eci#c densit$ = %&' m( ! &% *g/ m( = +,&, *g b) Mass of reinforcing steel = %&+ tones c) -mount of aluminum has not been "rovided, but can be estimated according to gla.ing area Total la.ing -rea = (+0 m& d) Total ground 1oor area of the building is &,2(' m& e) Total roof area: &+' m& f) 3stimated SBRC annual electricit$ consum"tion: ++(,& 45h g) Ma! cooling and heating load: +' *5 6for air7conditioning) i) 3stimated SBRC annual water consum"tion: 82, 9iters ) SBRC has a water tan* storage ca"acit$ of 0', 9iters
CHAPTER 1 ASSUMPTION
n t"is re%ort! +e need to do some of assum%tion to ma*e it t"e generate t"e figure of date. "ere are t"e follo+ing assum%tion +e made7
a) 9ifes"an of Smart Building is 0 $ears without an$ maintenance during their lifetime b) ;eating s$stem o"erates 2 hours "er da$ and ma! loading of +'*5 c)
CHAPTER 2 FOOTPRINT CALCULATION 2.1 Carbon Footprint Ca!"ation
2.1.1 Mass of Aluminum Saluminum frame = 6& ! ( > & ! %) ! & > 6+ ! ( > + ! ) ! & = &% m& Total area of gla.ing = (+0 m& Total area of aluminum = 6(+0 ! &%) / 6+ ! &) = (&&( m& ?olume of aluminum = (&&( ! + = (&&( m( 3
@ensit$ of -luminium = &8 kg / m
Mass of -lunimium = (&( ! &8 = 28&+ *gs
Figure 2.1: Aluminium Frame Drawing
2.1.2 Energy consumption for air conditioning A = +'*5 ! (0' ! 2 = %(2, *5h Convert to : A = %(2, *5h ! +70 ! 0 ! 0 = +'88
2.1.3 Electricity consumption Convert electricit$ use into : A = ++(,& *5h ! +70 ! 0 ! 0 = %2 E j=Q j × EF j 5here
7 A is amount of material or energ$ used
3< is embodied C& 6C&7e)
-
Caron footprint calculation Total amount used
Material
Dnit
Carbon foot"rint 6tC&7e)
References
+&
*g
2
*gC&/*g
2+0
htt"://wwwco&listorg/#l onhtm
Steel
%&+
*g
%
*gC&/*g
+02%
htt"://wwwco&listorg/#l onhtm
-luminum
28&+
*g
E&
*gC&/*g
2
htt"://wwwco&listorg/#l onhtm)
+
Concrete
& (
!"! emission from Energy consumption #$ years
&
3mbodied C&
!"! emission from uilding material #$ years
+
unit
3lectricit$ consum"tion Fatural gas consum"tion
++(,& +'88
4wh
+' 8+(
*gC&/4wh *gC&/
'E%( '0&&
-ustralian overnment 6 "0) -ustralian overnment 6 "8)
%ale 2.2: Caron Footprint for &uilding Material and Energy 'se
2.2 (ater footprint calculation 2.2.1 &lue (ater The amount of blue water used b$ SBRC is not directed *nown but it is estimated b$ the assum"tion that SBRC utilised its full green water ca"acit$ then the rest of its water requirement is ta*en directl$ from the
5ollongong water s$stem Therefore, if the annual water requirement is 82m( then the blue water foot"rint is as follow: Bluewf = 82m( G (&'m( = %''m(
Unit A4#. Mont6
a n
) ( + (
mm
Raina Co#!ta b# 7o. Fro$ Roo 7o. in tan8 ro$ Roo
m
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+ & ' &
;
m;
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"
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% ) 0 +
( E & +
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% & + +
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( ( 2
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0 ' + +
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' 8 + &
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8 ( & &
+ ( 2 +
&'8 &
0'
0'
#*.$
#*.$
#*.$
32*
2.2.2 !reen (ater
%ale 2.3: ainfall Data in (ollongong -lthough the data shows that it is "ossible to #ll the water tan* ever$ month, it is im"ortant to conduct this anal$sis in a more sensible ste" t is therefore, assumed that the water tan* could be #lled once in ever$ two months during the wet season and once in ever$ three months during the drier months t is assumed that it is #lled ' times ever$ $ear reen water foot"rint for ' $ears = (&' *9 ! 0 = +E' m(
2.2.3 !rey (ater E j=Q j ×EgwF j
5here
7 A is amount of material or energ$ used
7 3gw< is embodied gre$ water factors
Mat#ria
Tota a$o"nt "%#& 'tonn#%(
Pro!#%% )at#r r#*"ir#$#nt '$+,ton(
Gr# )at#r ro$ b"i&in $at#ria%
-at#r ootprint '$+(
/0#ar%
R##r#n!#
(8ygmunt! 9 2,,:
0oncrete Steel
1,2,.,,
2.,,
2,-,.,,
-2.1,
-,.,,
16<-.,,
Aluminum ,.<: <<.,, :6.56 Tota #$b#&&#& on $at#ria 3900.:/ Op#ration )at#r Annual :<,.,, 1.,, %s :<,.,, Gr# )at#r ro$ ann"a #n#r !on%"$ption, pro&"!tion G $+,G $+ Electricity 2,;.:6 ,.,,: 1.-26 consum%t. ind ;6.,,, ,.,,, ,.,,, Solar 2,;.:6, ,.,,1 ,.15: Tota Gr# -at#r in /0r% i "%# t6# ri& Tota Gr# -at#r in /0r% i "%# t6# %oar
;:=6.16 -6<,,., ,
(E%ia 2,12 <5.5< ,.,,, =.-15,6<,.52 5,6,5.5:
%ale 2.+: !rey (ater footprint for &uilding Material
CHAPTER 3
&H
E2H
Building Material
3nerg$ Dse
DISCUSSION
Building MaterialI 8H
3nerg$ DseI E(H
Building Material
3nerg$ Dse
Fi"r# 3.2; Carbon Footprint Fi"r# 3.3; Gr# -at#r Footprint
&H
*2-
2,-
reen
Blue
re$
Fi"r# 3.<; P#r!#nta# or -at#r Footprint
2%%H
Conrete
*+-
Steel
+8H
-luminium
1-
,2-
Concrete
Steel
Fi"r# 3.:; Carbon Footprint
-luminium
Fi"r# 3./; Gr# -at#r Footprint
"is study "as found t"at t"e estimation of t"e car$on and +ater foot%rints of t"e SB/0 $uilding vary in different researc"es regarding to different assum%tions and resources. >rom t"e c"arts a$ove! s"o+ing t"at all t"e %ercentage for t"e car$on and +ater foot%rints due to t"e data and assum%tions t"at +e "ave done. Percentage for energy use "ig"er t"an $uilding material for car$on foot%rint $ut for grey +ater foot%rint! t"e energy use is lo+er t"an $uilding material. %eration energy is t"e "ig"est reuire to $e com%ensated $y onsite rene+a$le energy %roduction. >or t"e +ater foot%rint! if +e consider to use t"e 5,? solar and 5,? electricity consum%tion! it +ill more sustaina$le. >or t"e 6, years on+ards! t"e %ercentage of green +ater only 2,?! +e can collect more green +ater or increase t"e ca%acity
of green +ater if +e considered to c"ange t"e si@e of +ater tan*! so it +ill decrease t"e %ercentage of grey +ater. f +e decrease t"e energy consum%tion! +e +ill decrease also grey +ater foot%rint. Alt"oug" aluminum t"at is sustaina$le material "as $een used! t"e %ercentage is still inconsidera$le! t"e material for concrete and steel %rovide more car$on foot%rint during t"e construction %rocess accounted =;?.
CONCLUSION
R##r#n!#%
1. Amount of CO2 released when making the product, viewed 30 April 2015,
2. A holistic approach for sustaina#le #uildings, viewed 2% April 2015, < http!!s#rc"uow"edu"au!a#outus!inde&"html$
;. Australian Government (2004) “AGO Factors and Methods Workbook”
Au!ust 2004" % #Water Foot$rint %et&ork' vie&ed A$ril 20*
+htt$,--&ater.oot$rint"or!-en-&ater/.oot$rint-!lossar-
' #Green 1oss Grou$' vie&ed A$ril 20* +htt$,--&&&"a3uaboss"com"au-calculator"htm
0 #Australian 1ureau o. Meteorolo!' vie&ed A$ril 20* +htt$,--&&&"bom"!ov"au-climate-avera!es-tables-c&50666"shtml
8 7!munt 8 2009" #:idden &aters' A Water&ise 1rie;n!" Water&ise
+htt$,--&&&"&ater&ise"or!"uk-data-20095Water&ise5hidden5&aters"$d.
2 =uro$ean >hotovoltaic ?ndustr Association 202 #@ustainabilit o. $hotovoltaic sstems Bhe Water Foot$rint' vie&ed 2 A$ril 20* +htt$,--&&&"e$ia"or!-ne&s-.act/sheets-C
