ATOLL LTE FEATURES
Training Programme 1. LTE Planning Overview 2. Modelling a LTE Network 3. LTE Predictions 4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis 5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
1. LTE Planning Overview LTE Features Supported in Atoll
LTE Workflow in Atoll
LTE Features supported in Atoll Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks Various Frequency Bands Scalable Channel Bandwidths Resource Blocks per Channel and Sampling Frequencies Support of TDD and FDD Frame Structures Half-frame/Full-frame Switching Point Periodicities for TDD Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefixes Downlink and Uplink Control Channels and Overheads •
Downlink Downl ink and uplink uplink referen reference ce signa signals, ls, PSS, SSS, SSS, PBCH, PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.
RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ Support in predictions and Simulations
LTE Features supported in Atoll Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks Physical Cell IDs Implementation Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Support •
Fracti Fra ctiona onall Fre Freque quency ncy Reu Reuse se Mod Modell elling ing
Support of Fractional Power Control (UL) Support of Directional CPE Antennas Signal Level Based Coverage Planning CINR Based Coverage Planning Possibility of Fixed Subscriber Database for Fixed Applications
LTE Features supported in Atoll Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks Network Capacity Analysis using Monte Carlo Simulations Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Two-dimensional Frames Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Systems •
Trans Tra nsmi mitt and and Re Rece ceiv ive e Dive Divers rsit ity y
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Single Sin gle-Us -User er MIM MIMO O or spa spatia tiall mult multipl iplexi exing ng
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Adap Ad apti tive ve MI MIMO MO Swi Switc tch h (AMS (AMS))
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Modell Mod elling ing of Multi Multi-Us -User er MIMO MIMO (coll (collabo aborat rative ive MIM MIMO O – UL only only))
Tools for Resource Allocation •
Autom Aut omat atic ic All Alloc ocat atio ion n of Neig Neighbo hbour urs s
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Automat Auto matic ic All Alloca ocatio tion n of Phy Physic sical al Cel Celll IDs
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Automat Auto matic ic All Alloca ocatio tion n of of Frequ Frequenc encies ies (AF (AFP) P)
Specific Module
Network Verification Possible using Drive Test Data
LTE Workflow in Atoll Open an existing project or create a new one Network Configuration - Add network network elements elements - Change parame parameters ters
ACP
Basic Predictions (Best Server, Signal Level) Automatic or Manual Neighbour Allocation Automatic or Manual Frequency Planning Automatic or Manual Physical Cell ID Planning Traffic Maps Monte-Carlo Simulations
And /or
Subscriber Lists
User-defined Values Cell Load Conditions Signal Quality and Throughput Predictions
Frequency Plan
Prediction Study
Training Programme 1. LTE Planning Overview 2. Modelling a LTE Network 3. LTE Predictions 4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis 5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
2. Modelling a LTE Network Global Settings Frequency Band definition Frame Structure Settings
Radio Parameters Site Transmitters Cells
Equipment Parameters User-definable reception characteristics
Global Settings (1/2) Frequency Bands Atoll can model multi-band networks within the same document TDD (Time Division Duplexing) or FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) One frequency band assigned to each cell
Global Settings (2/2) LTE Frame Structure definition
Normal (default) or extended cyclic prefix (No. of SD per slot) e.g.: at 15 kHz, 7 SD/slot (normal) or 6 SD/slot (extended)
Number of SD for PDCCH (0,1,2 or 3) carrying DL and UL Resource allocation information
Average number of resource blocks for PUCCH
System-level constants (Hard-coded) •
Width Wid th of a res resou ourc rce e blo block ck (1 (180 80 kH kHz) z)
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Fram Fr ame e dur durat atiion (10 ms) ms)
TDD option only : Switch from DL to UL every half frame (default) or every frame
Other control channel overheads defined by 3GPP (calculated based on 3GPP specs) Refer Re feren ence ce si sign gnal als, s, PSS, PSS, SSS, SSS, PBCH PBCH,, etc
Radio Parameters Overview Site X (longitude) and Y (latitude)
Transmitters Activity Antenna configuration (model, height, azimuth, mechanical & electrical tilts...) UL & DL Losses / UL Noise Figure Propagation (Model, Radius and resolution)
Cells Frequency Band & Channel PCI Power definition Min RSRP UL & DL Load Diversity Support Neighbours
Presented in General Features
Transmitter Parameters Antenna Configuration and Losses parameters
Cells parameters (see next slide)
Propagation settings
DL and UL total losses, UL noise figure
Antenna Configuration
Cell Parameters Cell’s frequency band Cell activity
Physical Cell ID + resulting PSS/SSS (and allocation status)
Channel number in the frequency band (and allocation allocatio n status)
Power and energy offsets from computed reference signal Min RSRP used as cell coverage limit
DL traffic load Load Conditions
UL noise rise due to surrounding mobiles
Inputs of the neighbour allocation algorithm Neighbour list
MIMO Configuration
ICIC and Fractional Power Control Parameters (Advanced)
Equipment Parameters (1/2) Bearers (Modulation and Coding Schemes) definition User-definable bearer efficiencies (useful bits per resource element)
Bearer selection thresholds for link adaptation Quality indicator graphs BLER used to model the effect of errors in data reception
Equipment Parameters (2/2) Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems Diversity and SU-MIMO gains •
Definab Defi nable le per bear bearer er and and anten antenna na confi configur gurati ation on
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Depend Dep end on the the clutte clutterr class class whe where re users users are are loca located ted
MU-MIMO gain •
Defi De fina nabl ble e pe perr cel celll or or
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Calculated Calcul ated during during Monte Monte Carlo simulations simulations using using intellig intelligent ent multi-user multi-user scheduli scheduling ng on two antenna ports ports (Layered Space-time Scheduling)
Training Programme 1. LTE Planning Overview 2. Modelling a LTE Network 3. LTE Predictions 4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis 5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
3. LTE Predictions Introduction
Parameters used in Predictions
Prediction Settings
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling
Coverage Prediction Examples
Point Analysis Studies
Introduction Coverage Predictions General Studies based on Downlink Reference Signal Levels •
Bestt server Bes server plot plot based based on downl downlink ink refer referenc ence e signa signall levels levels
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Multiple Multi ple serve serverr coverage coverage based on downlink downlink referen reference ce signal signal level levels s
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Refer Re feren ence ce si sign gnal al le leve vell plo plots ts
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Refe Re fere renc nce e sig signa nall CNR CNR plot plots s
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RSRP (Averag (Average e Reference Reference Signal Level Recei Received ved Power Power per per Subcarri Subcarrier) er) plots plots
LTE UL and DL Specific Studies •
SS, PDSCH PDSCH,, PBCH, PBCH, PDCCH PDCCH and and PUSCH/ PUSCH/PUCC PUCCH H Signal Signal Leve Levell Plots Plots
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SS, PDSC PDSCH, H, PBCH, PBCH, PDCC PDCCH H and and PUSCH/ PUSCH/PUCC PUCCH H CNR CNR Plots Plots
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Quality Studies Quality Studies (RSSI – Recei Received ved Signa Signall Strength Strength Indic Indicator, ator, RSRQ – Referenc Reference e Signal Signal Recei Received ved Quali Quality, ty, Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots, UL Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power)
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Bestt Bearer Bes Bearer and Modu Modulat lation ion Plots Plots bas based ed on PDSCH PDSCH and and PUSCH PUSCH CINR Level Levels s
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Throughput Throug hput and Cell Cell Capacity Capacity per pixel pixel plots plots based on PDSCH PDSCH and PUSCH CINR CINR levels levels •
Peak Pea k RLC, Effect Effectiv ive e RLC, and Appli Applicat cation ion Chan Channel nel Throu Throughp ghputs uts
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Peak RLC, Effecti Effective ve RLC, RLC, and and Applicat Application ion Throug Throughputs hputs avera averaged ged per User User
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Peak Pea k RLC, RLC, Effectiv Effective e RLC, and and Applica Applicatio tion n Cell Cell Capacit Capacities ies
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Peak RLC, Effecti Effective ve RLC, RLC, and and Applicat Application ion Aggre Aggregate gate Cell Throug Throughputs hputs
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Peak RLC, Effectiv Effective e RLC, and Applica Application tion Alloc Allocated ated Bandwi Bandwidth dth Through Throughputs puts (UL)
Point Predictions
Introduction Principles of the studies based on traffic Study calculated for •
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Give Gi ven n lo load ad co cond ndit itio ions ns •
UL noise rise
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DL tr traffic lo load
A nonnon-in inte terf rfer erin ing g user user wit with h •
A service
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A mobility
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A terminal terminal type type (in case of a directive directive antenna antenna , it is oriented oriented towar towards ds the servin serving g cell) cell)
Load Conditions Load conditions are defined in the cells cell s table
Values taken into consideration in predictions for each cell
Service Properties
Parameters used in predictions Highest bearers in UL and DL Body loss Application throughput parameters
Mobility Properties
Parameters used in Predictions Mapping between mobilities and thresholds in bearer and quality indicator determination (as radio conditions depend on user speed).
Terminal Properties
Min & Max Power + Noise Figure + Losses
Support of MIMO
Parameters used in Predictions Minimum & Maximum terminal power Gain and losses Noise figure Antenna settings (incl. MIMO support)
Number of Antenna ports in UL and DL in case of MIMO support
Prediction Settings Coverage Prediction Plots Standard predictions •
Bes estt server plot
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Cove Co vera rage ge by si sign gnal al le leve vell
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Mult Mu ltip iple le se serv rver er cov cover erag age e
Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH signal level and quality predictions •
Selection of a mobility Selection mobility,, a service, service, a terminal (possib (possibly ly direction directional al antenna antenna oriented oriented towards towards the serving serving cell)
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Referen Refe rence ce sign signal, al, SS, SS, PDSCH, PDSCH, PBCH, PBCH, PDCCH PDCCH and PUSC PUSCH H CNR plots plots
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RSRP (Averag (Average e Reference Reference Signal Level Recei Received ved Power Power per per Subcarri Subcarrier) er) plots plots
Prediction Settings Coverage Prediction Plots CINR, Throughput and Quality Indicator predictions •
Based on user-define user-defined d cell cell loads loads or or on Monte-C Monte-Carlo arlo simul simulation ation resul results ts
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Selection of a mobility Selection mobility,, a service, service, a terminal (possib (possibly ly direction directional al antenna antenna oriented oriented towards towards the serving serving cell)
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RSSI – Rec Receiv eived ed Signa Signall Strengt Strength h Indicat Indicator or and and RSRQ – Refe Referen rence ce Signal Signal Rec Receiv eived ed Quali Quality ty
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Reference Referen ce Signal Signal,, SS, PDSCH, PDSCH, PBCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCC PUSCH/PUCCH H CINR and interfer interference ence plots
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UL Allo Allocat cated ed Bandw Bandwidt idth, h, UL UL Transm Transmiss ission ion Pow Power) er)
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Bestt bearer Bes bearer plo plots ts base based d on PDSC PDSCH H and PUSCH PUSCH CIN CINR R levels levels
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Throughput Throug hput and cell cell capacity capacity per pixel pixel plots plots based based on PDSCH PDSCH and PUSCH PUSCH CINR levels levels •
Peak Pea k RLC, effect effectiv ive e RLC, and and applica applicatio tion n channel channel throu throughp ghputs uts
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Peak RLC, effectiv effective e RLC, RLC, and applic application ation throug throughput hputs s average averaged d per user
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Peak Pea k RLC, RLC, effectiv effective e RLC, RLC, and applic applicati ation on cell cell capac capaciti ities es
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Peak RLC, effecti effective ve RLC, and and applic application ation aggre aggregate gate cell throug throughputs hputs
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling Atoll determines, on each pixel, the the highest bearer that each user can obtain No soft handover Connection to the best server in term t erm of reference signal level (C) Bearer chosen according to the radio conditions (PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels)
Process : prediction done via look-up l ook-up tables Throughput & Quality Indicator (BER and BLER)
Reference Signal Level (C) evaluation
predictions
Best Server Area determination (min RSRP)
Radio Conditions estimation (PDSCH and PUSCH CINR calculation)
Bearer Selection
Interference Estimation Atoll calculates PDSCH and PUSCH CINR CINR according to: The victim traffic (PUSCH or PDSCH) power The interfering signals impacted by: •
The Th e in inte terf rfer erer ers s po powe wers rs
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The pat path h loss loss from from the inte interfer rferers ers to the the victi victim m
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Antenna gain
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Losses from interfe interferers rers (incl (incl.. Shadowing Shadowing effect and indoor indoor losse losses) s)
The interference reduction factor applied to interfering base stations transmitting on adjacent channels (adjacent channel suppression factor) The interference reduction factor due to interfering base stat ions’ traffic load The interference reduction due to Fractional Frequency Reuse (and consequently the mutual overlap between the channel fractions of the victim and the interfering base stations)
Prediction Examples (General Studies)
Number of servers (Based on reference signal power)
Coverage by signal level (Based on reference signal power)
Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)
Coverage by PDSCH CINR (Directional receiver antenna)
Coverage by PDSCH CINR (Isotropic receiver antenna)
Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)
Coverage by PUSCH CINR (Directional receiver antenna)
Coverage by PUSCH CINR (Isotropic receiver antenna)
Point Analysis Tool: Reception Radio Reception Diagnosis at a Given Point : Reception Analysis Choice of UL&DL load conditions : if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on DL load and UL noise rise from cells table
Selection of the value to be displayed (RS, SS, PDSCH, RSRP)
Reference Signals, PDSCH and PUSCH availability (or not) Definition of a userdefinable “probe" receiver,, indoor or not receiver
Cell bar graphs (best server at the top) Analysis detail on reference signals, PDSCH and PUSCH
Point Analysis Tool: Interference Radio Interference Diagnosis at a Given Point : Interference Analysis Choice of UL&DL load conditions : if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on DL load and UL noise rise from cells table
Selection of the value to be displayed (RS, SS, PDSCH, RSRP)
Serving Cell (C)
Total Level of Interference (I + N)
Definition of a userdefinable “probe" receiver,, indoor or not receiver
List of Interfering Cells
Training Programme 1. LTE Planning Overview 2. Modelling a LTE Network 3. LTE Predictions 4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis 5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
4. Frequency Plan Analysis Channel and Physical Cell ID Search Tools
Physical Cell ID Allocation Audit
Physical Cell ID Histograms
Search Tool Overview Tool to visualise channel and PSS ID reuse on the map Possibility to find cells which are assigned a given : •
Freq Fr eque uenc ncy y ba band nd + cha chann nnel el
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Phy hys sical Ce Cell ID ID
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PSS ID
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SSS ID
Way to use this tool Create and calculate a coverage by transmitter with a colour display by transmitter Open the “Find on Map” tool available in the Edit menu (or directly in the toolbar
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Channel Search Tool Channel Reuse on the Map Resource Selection
Frequency band and Channel number
Colours given to transmitters • Red: co-channel co-channel transmitter transmitters s • Yellow: multi-adjacent channel (-1 and +1) +1) transmitters • Green: adjacent adjacent channel (-1) transmitters transmitters • Blue: adjacent adjacent channel (+1) (+1) transmitters transmitters • Grey thin line: line: other transmitte transmitters rs
Physical Cell ID Search Tool Physical Cell ID, PSS ID and SSS ID Reuse on the Map Resource Selection
Resource Type and Value
Colours given to transmitters • Red or Grey thin thin line: if the transmitters carries carries or not the specified resource value (Physical Cell ID, PSS ID or SSS ID)
PCI Allocation Audit (1/2) Verification of the allocation inconsistencies Respect of a minimum reuse distance Respect of neighbourhood constraints (two neighbour cells must have different PCI) Respect of SSS ID allocation strategy
PCI Allocation Audit (2/2) Audit results Inconsistencies are displayed in the default text editor
The minimum distance constraint is fulfilled
Cells BRU010_L1 & BRU116_L2 are Neighbour cells but have been allocated the same PCI
These 13 sites do not fulfil the SSS ID allocation strategy: on each site, allocated PCI do not have t he same SSS ID
Physical Cell ID Histograms View of the Physical Cell ID Distribution
Dynamic pointer
Training Programme 1. LTE Planning Overview 2. Modelling a LTE Network 3. LTE Predictions 4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis 5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations Traffic modelling Monte Carlo Simulations
Traffic Modelling (1/2)
Traffic Data Traffic maps and subscriber lists Various types of traffic maps: •
Ras Ra ste terr tra traff ffic ic ma maps ps
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Vec Ve cto torr tr traf affi fic c ma maps ps
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Live tr traff ffiic ma maps
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Traf Tr affi fic c den dens sit ity y map maps s
Subscribers Live Traffic Data Vector Traffic Data Raster Traffic Data
Traffic Modelling (2/2) Subscriber Lists Lists of subscribers with fixed locations and s pecific parameters Can be created using the mouse or imported from txt and csv files Can be displayed on the map according acc ording to different parameters Main parameters: •
Locat Loc atio ion: n: X and and Y coo coord rdin inat ates es
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Antenna he height
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Azimut Azi muth h and and tilt tilt (use (user-d r-defi efined ned or calc calcula ulated ted))
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Serving Serv ing cel celll (user (user-de -define fined d or calc calcula ulated ted))
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User profile
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Terminal type
Prediction calculations can be carried out on subscribers (points) •
Predicted Predict ed resu results lts inc includ lude e recep receptio tion n level levels, s, CINR, throughputs, etc.
Monte Carlo Simulations (1/3) Monte Carlo Simulations For studying network capacity Network behaviour under given traffic Can be based on traffic data from traffic maps and subscriber lists Distribution of mobile users and services Calculation of user parameters (CINR, power control, noise rise, resource allocation, etc.) Scheduling and radio resource allocation based on service priorities and scheduling methods: •
Prop Pr opor orti tion onal al Fa Fair ir
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Prop Pr opor orti tion onal al Dem Dema and
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Max Ma x Aggr Aggreg egat ate e Thro Throug ughp hput ut
Monte Carlo Simulations (2/3) Simulation Results For each cell •
UL an and d DL DL tr traf affi fic c loa loads ds
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UL noise rise
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UL and and DL DL aggr aggreg egate ate ce cell ll thr throu ough ghpu puts ts
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Traffic Traf fic inp input ut and con connec nectio tion n sta statis tistic tics s
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For each mobile •
Servi Ser ving ng tr tran ansm smit itte terr and and ce cell ll
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Azimut Azi muth h and and tilt tilt (to (towar wards ds the the serv serving ing cel cell) l)
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Referen Refe rence ce sign signal, al, SCH/P SCH/PBCH, BCH, PDSCH PDSCH,, and PUSCH PUSCH signal signal level levels s
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Reference Referen ce sign signal, al, SCH/PBCH, SCH/PBCH, PDSCH, and PUSCH CINR CINR and and interfere interference nce level levels s
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Bestt beare Bes bearers rs base based d on PDS PDSCH CH and and PUSCH PUSCH CINR CINR leve levels ls
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Cell through throughputs, puts, cell capacit capacities, ies, and user user throughput throughputs s PDSCH PDSCH and PUSCH PUSCH CINR levels levels
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Conne Con nect ctio ion n statu status s and rej rejec ecti tion on caus cause e
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Monte Carlo Simulations (3/3)
Simulation Results Display
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