ATQ #10

Ex p er i me nt1 0:A TQ 1. Whatar et hes i gni fi c antr egi onsi nt het i t r at i onc ur v e?Rel at et hec har ac t er i s t i c sofeac h r egi ont ot hepHr es ul t sobt ai ned. Theequi v al enc epoi nti ss eenatt hec or r es pondi ngv ol umeo ft hec ur v esi nfl ec t i on poi ntwher et hepHc hangei shi ghes t .Thepoi nt sc omi ngt ot heequi v al enc epoi ntar et hepr eequi v al enc epoi nt swher et hepHv al uesar eac i di c .Thepoi nt sf ol l owi ngt hei nfl ec t i onpoi ntar et he pos t equi v al enc epoi nt swher et hepHoft heanal y t ei st o war dsbas i c . ’

2. Whyi sc ont i nuouss t i r r i ngi mpor t anti npot ent i omet r i ct i t r at i on? Dur i ngt hee xper i mentamagne t i cs t i r r erwasus eds i nc emanual s t i r r i ngwoul dbe di ffic ul twi t houtdi s t ur bi ngt hebur et t eandpHpr obe.Cons t ants t i r r i ngi si mpor t antf ort hi st i t r at i oni n or dert odi s per s et het i t r antt hr oughoutt hewhol es ol ut i on.I ft het i t r anti snotdi s per s edt hr oughout t hepHpr obewoul dr eadt het i t r anti ns t eadoft hepHoft heov er al l s ol ut i onanddr as t i c al l yi nc r eas e t hepHr eadi ng. 3. Wh ys houl dt hei nc r ement sofaddi t i onoft i t r antbenar r o weddownast het i t r at i on a ppr o ac he st heeq ui v a l en cepo i n t ? Theendpoi nti sus ual l ydet er mi ned t hr oughsec ondder i v at i v eoft het i t r at i oncur v e. Addi nge x ac t l y0. 1mLneart heendpoi nt( bo t hbef or eandaf t er )i sawa yofge t t i ngt hes ec ond der i v at i v e.I ti samor eac cur at ewayofgr aphi c al l ydet er mi ni ngt heendpoi ntt hanpl oy i ngt he c onv ent i onal Ss hapedt i t r at i onc ur v e. 4. Di s c us spos s i bl er eas onsbehi ndt hedi s c r epanc i es( i fan y)i nt hee x per i ment al and t heor et i c al pKav al ues . T oc al c ul at et hepKav al uesofKHP ,t hehal f equi v a l enc epoi ntneedst obe det er mi ned.Athal f equi v al enc epoi nt ,wher et hev ol umeoft i t r antus edi shal foft hev ol umeus ed a te qu i v a l e nc epo i n t ,t h en umb ero fmo l e sofKHPi seq ua lt ot h en umb ero fmo l esofKHPl e f t . Ther ef or e,gi v ent hepHathal f equi v al enc epoi ntandus i ngt hef or mul af ort heac i ddi s soc i at i on c on s t a nt ,t heKac anbec al c ul a t e d.Wr o ngr e ad i n gofp Ha teq ui v a l en cepo i n t sma ma yc a us e di s c r epanc i esi npKav a l ues . 5. Wh ata r et hepo s si bl es ou r c esofe r r o r san dt h ei re ffe cto nt h ec al c ul a t e dp ar a me me t e r s ? Rat i onal i z e. Thewor k i ngpHr angef ort hee xper i menti s0. 5-12.I ft hepHi sl es st han0. 5t he pHme t erwi l l gi v eahi gherpHv al ueandi ft hepHi sgr eat ert han12t hepHme t erwi l l r eadav a l ue l owert hant het r uev al ue.Thes er eadi ngswi l l r es ul ti nwr ongc al c ul at i onsandwr ongVeq.