Automated Water Billing System

University of Gondar Institute of Technology Electrical & computer Engineering Department Automated water billing system with mobile banking System

BY

Name of Candidates: 1. Gebeyaw Tigabu 2. Ibrahim Samuel 3. Israel Yohannes

ID No 0426/05 0564/05 0566/05

Name of advisor advisor : Eyob Solomon

A project report Submitted to the Electrical and Computer Engineering department in Institute of Technology of University of Gondar in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the course mini project in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Computer Stream

June, 2008 Gondar, Ethiopia

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Automated Water Billing System With Mobile Banking System

UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR SCHOOL OF TECHOLOGY ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Automated water billing system with mobile banking System Name of candidates: 1. Gebeyaw Tigabu 2. Ibrahim Samuel 3. Israel Yohannes

Id.no 0426/05 0564/05 0566/05

Approval by Committee The undersigned certify that the above candidate/s has fulfilled the condition of the project paper in partial fulfillment of the course mini project for Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. Belete Bantalem __________________ Chairman, Dept. Head

___________ Signature

Date

Committee Eyob Solomon Advisor/Supervisor

________________ Signature

__________________ Examiner

_____________ Date

___________ Signature

Date
















Declaration we, the undersigned, declare that this project, ” Automated water billing system with mobile banking System” , is our own work, and has not been presented for in any other place, and all sources of materials used for the project have been b een fully acknowledged.

Name of the candidate

1. Gebeyaw Tigabu 2. Ibrahim Samuel 3. Israel Yohannes

Signature

___________________ ___________________ ___________________

Place: Gondar

Date of Submission: ________________

This project has been submitted for examination with my m y approval as a university advisor.

Name of the Advisor Advisor’s Name

________________ Signature
















Abstract Water meter reading is a monotonous and an expensive task. Now the meter reader people goes to each meter and take the meter reading manually to issue the bill which will later be entered in the billing software for billing and payment automation. If the manual meter reading and bill data entry process can be automated then it would reduce the laborious task and financial wastage. “Automatic Water Meter Reading (AMR) System” is a metering system that is to be used for data collecting from the meter and processing the collected data for billing and other decision purposes. In this paper we have proposed an automatic meter reading system which is low cost, high performance, highest data rate, highest coverage area and most appropriate for Bangladesh perspective. In this AMR system there are four basic units. They are reading unit, communication unit, data receiving and processing p rocessing unit and billing system. Billing is a critical function of both the Electricity and the Water Boards towards getting a meter read. Meter reading even though it looks simple and is far from simple and involves processes that can give various problems. Paying a utility bill in Ethiopia and most developing nations is time consuming. It takes more than a quarter a day or more, to pay a utility bill in most of these nations with queues usually several meters long in any of water supply service office. This proposed system gives information about the design of a GSM based water billing system. This is achieved by using microcontroller and GSM module. The deployment of the proposed system uses the existing GSM network. Water flow Sensor gives output proportional to flow in square wave form, we can collect the output and can store in microcontroller. One of the ports of micro controller will be configured as input port. Sensors output is connected to input port of controller , here at the falling edge of the wave controllers counter will be set till the wave ends. Meanwhile counter value will be incremented as per duration of the wave. At the end the value present in the timer will be given at output port by converting to decimal digits. Monthly water usage can be sent to municipal corporation office within fraction of seconds in the form of text message by using existing GSM network. Microcontroller will give amount of water usage by user in the form of decimal values to the GSM Modem. GSM modem receives water usage as a number string of numbers. GSM modem then formats the value in the Message form by using AT commands. It then transmitted to another GSM modem through existing ex isting GSM network. Billing software calculates bills based on amount of water used and store the values to the data base for each individual customer. After that calculated bill can be sent through SMS to the customer with their mobile phone. Then the customer can see the amount of bill and pay the bill within mobile banking by using their mobile phone. When the customer pay the amount of bill the bank staff send a report to the water supply station data base through GSM network and then the water station database administrator update the customer information.































Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................................... iii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction/ Background of the Study ............................................................................................ 1 1.2 Goals of the Project .......................................................................................................................... 2 1. 3 Objective of the Project .................................................................................................................. 2 1.3.1 General Objective ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Specific Objective ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Operational and Research Assumptions .......................................................................................... 3 1.6 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................................. 4 1.7 Scope of the Project ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.8 Resource Requirement ..................................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER TWO: TWO: SYSTEM ANALYSIS................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Development Methodology ............................................................................................................. 6 2.1.1 Planning and Data Gathering .................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 System Model Model and Design ....................................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 Software Development .............................................................................................................. 7 2.1.4 System Testing and Implementation ......................................................................................... 7 2.1.5 Evaluation and Recommendation ............................................................................................. 7 2.2 EXISTING SYSTEM ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Problems of the existing system ................................................................................................ 9 CHAPTER THREE: LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................................................... REVIEW.................................................................................................... 11 3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................... 11 3.3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS REQUIRE MENTS .................................. ................. ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ....................... ...... 14 3.3.1 FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIO NAL REQUIREMENTS REQUIREME NTS ................................. ............... ................................... .................................. ................................... ........................... ......... 14 3.4.2 Nonfunctional requirements .................................................................................................. 15 CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM MODELS ...................................................................................................... 16 4.1 Scenarios ........................................................................................................................................ 16 4.2 Use case model .............................................................................................................................. 16


















CHAPTER FIVE: HARDWARE DESIGN ............................................................................................. 24 5.1 MICROCONTROLLER ................................................................................................................ 24 5.2 LCD INTERFACING .......................................................................................................................... 28 5.3 GSM Modem .................................................................................................................................. 31 6. Conclusion Conclus ion & Future scope .................................. ................. ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... .......................... ......... 37 7. References ........................................................................................................................................... 38


















List of figures

Page no

Fig2.1 methodology flow chart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 Fig 3.1

Flow chart of the system ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13

Fig 4.1 use case diagram ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 Fig 4. 2 Class C lass diagram for automated water billing system ----------------------------------------------------------18 -18 Fig 4.3 activity diagram dia gram for login --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 ----21 Fig 4.4 activity diagram for create bank account---------acco unt---------------------------------------------------------------21 -----------21 Fig 4.5 activity diagram for water station --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 Fig 4. 6 activity diagram for paying bill amount---------------------amount------------------------------------------------------------ 22 Fig 4.7 sequence diagram for paying bill amount -------------------------------------------------------------------23 -------23 Fig 5.1 pin description of AT89C51 Microcontroller ----------------------------------------------------------------26 -------26 Fig 5.2 An entire computer on a single chip----------chip ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 Fig 5.3 LCD interfacing ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29 ----29 Fig 5.4 schematic diagram for LCD interfacing------------------interfacing-------------------------------------------------------------- 29 Fig 5.5 GSM modem -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31 -31 Fig 5.6 circuit diagram of Gsm modem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 Fig 5.7 max232 diagram------------------diagram---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34


















List of tables

page no

Table 4.1 user description ……………………………………………………… 18 Table 4.2 bank staff description-------------------description--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 ---------19 Table 4.3 Data base operator description-------------------description--------------------------------------------------------------------19 ------19 Table 4.4 customer class description -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20 ----------20 Table 4.5 microcontroller class description------------------description----------------------------------------------------------------- 20 20 Table 5.1 pin description of LCD interfacing------------------interfacing------------------------------------------------------------- 30 Table 5.2 pin description description of MAX232 MAX232 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36 ---------36

List of abbreviations AMR------------------------------------ Automation meter reading GSM------------------------------------ global system mobile SMS------------------------------------ short message service MsSQL-------------------------------- Microsoft structured query language MCU----------------------------------- microcontroller ROM----------------------------------- read only memory RAM-------------------------------- random access memory DSP--------------------------------- digital signal processing


















CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction/ Background of the Study Automatic Meter Reading System (AMR) is the remote collection of consumption data from customers' utility like Electric meters using radio frequency, telephony, power-line or satellite communications technologies and process the data to generate the bill. Now a day, AMR is heavily used in the abroad for collecting reading and billing purpose. In Ethiopia water billing system is completely manual. The water meters are situated in the houses, offices and factories etc .Meter readers go to the place which are generally situated inside the house and take the meter reading. Most of the time the owner gives some extra money to the meter reader person to have less meter reading. As a result corruptions occur and actual payment is not received by the service provider. So the provider faces a huge amount of loss in every year. At this present situation, it’s very necessary to implement AMR in Ethiopia. Millions of Analog meters are already used in our houses, offices, industries. Automatic meter reading, or AMR, is the technology of automatically collecting data from energy meter or water metering devices (water, gas, and electric) and transferring that data to a central database for billing and/or analyzing. This means that billing can be based on actual consumption rather than on an estimate based on previous consumption, giving customers better control of their use of electric energy, gas usage, or water consumption. Automatic meter reading was first tested 30 years ago when trials were conducted by AT&T in cooperation with a group of utility companies and Westinghouse. After those successful experiments, AT&T offered to provide phone system based Automatic Meter Reading services at $2 per meter the price was four times more than the monthly cost of a person to read the meter-50 cents. Thus the program was considered economically unfeasible. The modern era of automatic meter reading began in 1985, when several major full-scale projects were implemented.

Paying a utility bill in Ethiopia and most developing nations is time consuming. It takes more


















1.2 Goals of the Project Our goal is to establish advanced ways of enabling payment for basic water billing services

via a text based interface by sending an SMS from anywhere at any time, particularly with use of a mobile phone and microcontroller. 1. 3 Objective of the Project 1.3.1 General Objective The main objective of this project is to design and implement automated water billing systems

using mobile banking. 1.3.2 Specific Objective The specific objectives of this project are:-

1) Develop well organized data base system to store the customer’s information or data and also to add new customers and to update the customer’s information or data.

2) Design the digital water flow sensor meter to count the water usage 3) Design microcontroller that stores the output of flow sensor and will give amount of water usage by user in the form of decimal values to the GSM Modem. 4) Design the GSM modem to send the customer’s water usage within a month to the water supply service.




















1.4 Problem Statement Paying utility bills for such basic services like water still takes more than a quarter a day in Ethiopia and many other nations in and out of Africa. Customers to these utility companies have to spend very unproductive hours queuing to pay bills in form of cash at the water supply service. In addition to this, there may be bill be billing ing erro errors rs and and disputes disputes and someti sometimes mes water water supp supply ly servi services ces estimate readings that the user usage, this leads to unfair paying utility bills because of this reason customers com plai Walking many plain n to the service servicess and they wouldn’t wouldn’t have confiden confidence ce in ser servic vice. e. Walking kilometers to be able to pay water usage utility bills is inconvenient and costly for customers and they waste their time to go to utility service to pay the bills. Even they may face accident in transportation. The collection mechanisms available are cash, which customers also stand a risk if unpaid, and as a consequence face high charges.

1.5 Operational and Research Assumptions This research is primarily based on the following assumptions: 1. Subscribers to the utility service providers at least own a mobile phone handset for




















1.6 Significance of the Study The development of a wireless billing SMS model is expected to make the life of a utility-bill

Payer easy, by creating a direct link to the billing database of the utility company and therefore beneficial in the following ways: 1. The model is in principle expected to positively enhance the payment system for bills from utility companies. For example water, phone and electricity, and provide value for money for distant populations. Walking many kilometers to be able to access a service is inconvenient and costly for customers, so saturation of an area with the service is preferable to a wider, thinner distribution. 2. Increases service access and reduce customer-response-time. This is particularly helpful to the utility company when it receives timely payments pa yments and answer queries in time. 3. No more queuing to pay bills since geographic locality will be irrelevant. Bill transactions will be conducted via SMS anywhere, thus saving customers a lot of money and valuable time spent in utility company. 4. We also hope that customers on low incomes will find paying bills by SMS, more affordable and quick to implement.




















1.8 Resource Requirement Resource requirements are material that we use when we do this project. There may be hardware or software. Hardware requirements: 

8051 microcontroller



GSM modem



LCD



Led



Resistors



Capacitors



Crystal



water meter sensor



max 232

Software requirements: 

Kiel compiler



C language




















CHAPTER TWO: SYSTEM ANALYSIS 2.1 Development Methodology In the process of developing the automated water billing System , step by step procedures are followed. These are the following: 2.1.1 Planning and Data Gathering

There are different methodologies available for collecting information (data gathering methods) from the users. During requirement collection methods we have used some techniques among them: 1) Observation: since observation is natural habitats. We have observed that the existing

systems (water billing systems) how it operate and how customers communicate with the water supply service. th e customers and the water supply 2) Interview: In addition to observation we interview both the service administrators. We interview that the customers about the problems of the




















2.1.2 System Model and and Design This phase focus on showing the possible process related to the development of the system. s ystem. It involves the construction of conceptual framework that shows possible process related to the system development. Subsequently, the analyze anal yze information and process is put into a design as a basis pattern for easy development of the system interface. 2.1.3 Software Development This system involve in the system development. The design interface of the system was made

into action. Software requirements such as c language that serves as the embedded part of the system and MsSQL Database server as the system database. System coding is also part of the development. 2.1.4 System Testing and Implementation






















start start

Hardware im le leme ment ntat atio ion n

operational

Calibrate Calibrate the the ssystem stem






















2.2 EXISTING SYSTEM In the present scenario water meters are deployed in all houses. The current procedure with regard to the billing process for water is not a fully automated system. It involves manual processes from the time the Meter reader starts reading the meter until the system is updated with the current reading. A meter reader visits a house, does the meter reading, and then manually calculates the amount considering the units consumed. Back in the office a data entry officer enters the meter readings into the system manually and a bill generated and given to customers. Then the customer must go to the water supply service to pay the bill according to their usage.





















Automated Water Billing System With Mobile Banking System 

When water meter units collector visits the house for collecting the units he generates the bill and if door is locked then he will will keep the bill on the door latch latch and due to winds it may be lost and the consumer will not have any information about that and next month he will have to pay the due amount also.



In addition to this, there may be bill billing ing errors errors and dis dispute putess and som someti etimes mes water supp supply ly services estimate readings that the user usage, this leads to unfair paying utility bills because of this reason customers complain to the services and they wouldn’t have confidence in

service. Walking many kilometers to be able to pay water usage utility bills is service. inconvenient and costly for customers and they waste their time to go to utility service to





















Automated Water Billing System With Mobile Banking System CHAPTER THREE: LITERATURE REVIEW Billing can ensure that what is put into any service delivery system is paid for at the end, providing stronger revenue streams. For example, Kingdom et al (2006) highlights the issue of the considerable difference between the amount of water put into the distribution system and the amount of water billed to consumers. This can be termed as 'non-revenue water' (NRW) and is a common problem with the water systems of developing countries. The high levels of NRW are due to huge volumes of water being lost through leaks, water not being invoiced to customers, or both. Kingdom et al (2006) estimate that worldwide, close to 30 million cubic meters are delivered every day to customers, but are not invoiced because of theft, employees’ corruption and poor met ering. This affects the financial viability of water utilities through lost revenues and increased operational costs. The authors stress the importance of improving meter reading and billing, noting that a significant portion of commercial losses arise from mistakes in the meter reading and billing chains, because of poor technology, antiquated property registers and data-handling errors among other things.





















Automated Water Billing System With Mobile Banking System 1. Embedded water meter system for measurement and control of water consumption. 2. Server application to manage the measurements and prepare invoices and bills. In addition to that, the application performs some predefined control operations that can be transmitted to the embedded water meter. Communication medium that is based on the existing GSM networks. The water billing and control operations will be performed simply using the Short Messaging System service that is available over GSM. For this, no modification or even customization is needed in the networks themselves.
























WATER FLOW

LCD DISPLAY





















Automated Water Billing System With Mobile Banking System , here at the falling edge of the wave controllers counter will be set till the wave ends. Meanwhile counter value will be incremented as per duration of the wave. At the end the value present in the timer will be given at output port by converting to decimal digits. Microcontroller will give amount of water usage by user in the form of decimal values to the





















Automated Water Billing System With Mobile Banking System -

The system shall allow customers to pay the bill with mobile banking in mobile phone. The above have mentioned are the functionalities of the system will do.





















Automated Water Billing System With Mobile Banking System CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM MODELS

4.1 Scenarios





















Automated Water Billing System With Mobile Banking System 

Close the system after they finish what they want to do.

3. Bank staff 

The staff logs in the system.







































































































































































































































































Automated Water Billing System

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