Biochemical Tests

Microbiology: Biochemical Tests Test Amylase

Medium starch agar

Substrate starch

Caseinase

skim milk agar

casein

DNase Lipase

DNase agar spirit blue agar

DNA lipid

Eosin Methylene EMB agar Blue (EMB) agar 1 MacConkey’s agar 1 MacConkey’s agar Mannitol Salt Agar MSA (MSA) 2 Indole TSB Methyl Red MRVP broth Voges-Proskauer MRVP broth Citrate Utilization Simmons’ citrate agar TSI: H2S Gas TSI agar TSI: Sugar Ferm. TSI agar Urease

(Christensen’s) urea agar

Catalase

Hemolysis: α Hemolysis: β Carb. Ferm. Series Nitrate Reduction Oxidase Litmus 1

5% sheep’s blood agar 5% sheep’s blood agar glucose, lactose, sucrose broth tryptic nitrate broth litmus milk

dextrins amino acids, peptides nucleotides

pH indicator

+ appearance organisms + colorless zone B. subtilis after iodine clear zone B. subtilis

methyl green

lactose

glycerol. fatty acids organic acids

lactose

organic acids

neutral red

colorless zone blue/clear zone, blue ppt. metallic green; fish eyes pink (+ ppt.)

mannitol

organic acids

phenol red

yellow media

E. coli; E. aerogenes E. coli; E. aerogenes S. aureus

tryptophan glucose glucose citrate

indole

red at surface red throughout red at surface royal blue

E. coli E. coli E. aerogenes E. aerogenes

black ppt. yellow

S. typhimurium P. vulgaris

organic acids non-acids

Kovac’s reagent methyl red VP-A & VP-B bromthymol blue phenol red phenol red

Na2 CO3

iron sulfide iron (sulfate) glucose, lactose, organic acids sucrose ammonia, CO2 urea

hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) fibrinogen

Coagulase

Reagent glucose, maltose. iodine Product(s)

(also + for H2S)

phenol red

pink

Proteus

water, oxygen

bubbles

Staphylococci

clumping factorfibrinogen complex

blue ppt., solid

S. aureus

green/brown zone clear zone

S. pneumoniae

hemoglobin (red) biliverdin

(green/brown) red blood cells lysed red blood cells glucose, lactose, organic acids, CO2 sucrose nitrite; ammonia nitrate

casein, lactose

selective for gram-negative bacteria; differential results indicated

S. aureus S. aureus

various 2

phenol red nitrate A & B, zinc litmus

S. pyogenes, S. aureus

yellow, CO2 in Durham tube red color blue color various

selective for salt-tolerant staphylococci; differential results indicated

P. aeruginosa