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SUBMITTED TO – MR. VIKAS DIXIT MADE BY – RAHUL TRIPATHI CLASS – XII ROLL NO - 34 P.O – VIDUTNAGAR PIN – 224238
A state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion. Capability of the body to resist harmful microbes from entering the body.
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CONTENTS
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IMMUNITY FLUID SYSTEM GRANULOCYTES AGRANULOCYTES LYMPHOCYTES DEFENCE MACHANISM TYPES OF IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY FIRST LINE OF DEFENCE ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY NATURAL ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY MUCOSAL IMMUNITY TYPES OF MALT IMMUNITY CONFERRED BY VACCINES SOME INTERESTING FACTS BIBLIOGRAPHY THANK YOU PAGE
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This is to certify that Rahul Tripathi and of class XII has successfully completed this Biology project on the topic “IMMUNITY” prescribed by Mr. Vikas Dixit Sir, during academic session 2012-2013 as per the guidelines issues by Central Board of Secondary Education.
Mr. Vikas Dixit
External Examiner
(P.G.T BIOLOGY)
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Granulocytes Neutrophils: Neutrophils defend against bacterial or fungal infection , have a multilobed nucleus. The life span of a circulating human neutrophil is about 5.4 days.
Eosinophils: Eosinophils primarily deal with parasitic infections. Eosinophils are also the predominant inflammatory cells in allergic reactions. They have a bi-lobed nucleus.
Basophils: Basophils are chiefly responsible for allergic and antigen response by releasing the chemical histamine causing vasodilation.
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Agranulocytes Lymphocytes: common in the lymph system and of three types: B cells, T cells and natural killer cells.
Monocytes: they present pieces of pathogens to T cells so that the pathogens may be recognized again and killed. Monocytes eventually leave the bloodstream to become tissue macrophages.
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Macrophages
Plasma cells
Ig A and Ig G
Composition of MALT
B cells
T cells
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• Positive events of the day seem to have a stronger helpful impact on immune function. Having a good time on Monday still had a positive effect on the immune system by Wednesday. • The frequent hand washing can break down the natural oils on the skin that serve as the first line (or layer) of defense for the immune system. • Studies show that people who lack humor in their lives tend to have less protective immune responses. • While the body needs some sunlight to produce vitamin D, too much sunshine can suppress the immune system.
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To make this project I have taken source from the following books:1. Ramesh Gupta 2. Biology N.C.E.R.T I have taken source from internet too , and taken help of our biology teacher Mr. Vikas Dixit sir.
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We would like to thank our Biology sir Mr. Vikas Dixit, who provided us this opportunity to make a project on “IMMUNITY” which really helped us to understand the concepts of Immunity of our body.
