CHEMISTRY
BONDING AND STRUCTURE PERIODICITY
TEST
Answer all questions Max 51 marks
Name
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Mark
……../51
……....%
Grade ………
The metal magnesium reacts with the non-metal chlorine to form a compound magnesium chloride, MgC l 2, which has ionic bonding.
1.
(i)
Stat tate wh what is is me meant by by an an ionic bond . .......................................................... ............................ ............................................................ .............................................................. ................................. .
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(ii)
‘Dot-and-cross’ diagrams are used to model which electrons are present in the ion. Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram, including outer electron shells only, to show the ions present in magnesium chloride, g! l ".
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(iii) (iii)
# student student $inds $inds that that solid solid magnesi magnesium um chlori chloride de and and pure water water do not not conduct conduct electricity. %he student dissol&ed the magnesium chloride in the water and the resulting solution does conduct electricity. 'plain these obser&ations. .......................................................... ............................ ............................................................ .............................................................. ................................. .
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Sodium reacts with chlorine forming the ionic compound sodium chloride, NaC l .
2.
(i)
rite rite an e-ua e-uatio tion, n, incl includi uding ng stat state e symbo symbols, ls, $or this this reac reactio tion. n. .......................................................... ............................ ............................................................ .............................................................. ................................. .
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(ii)
Describe Describe the the structure structure o$ sodium sodium chlor chloride ide in in the solid solid state. state. ou ou may $ind $ind it use$ul use$ul to draw a diagram.
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3.
0luorine, 0", has co&alent bonding. (i)
Stat tate what is is me meant by by a covalent bond. bond. .......................................................... ............................ ............................................................ .............................................................. ................................. .
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(ii)
Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the co&alent bonding in $luorine. Show outer electron shells only.
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4.
4
%he nitrate ion, 23 , in !a(23)" contains both co&alent and dati&e co&alent bonds. hat is the di$$erence between a co&alent bond and a dati&e co&alent bond5 .......................................................... ............................ ............................................................ .............................................................. ................................. .
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5.
agnesium, $luorine and magnesium $luoride ha&e di$$erent types o$ bonding and
di$$erent properties. agnesium has metallic bonding. (i) (i)
Draw Draw a dia diagr gram am to show show what hat is is mea meant nt by metallic bonding. bonding. 6abel the diagram.
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(ii) (ii)
hy is magnes magnesiu ium m a good good condu conducto ctorr o$ o$ elect electric ricity ity5 5 .......................................................... ............................ ............................................................ .............................................................. ................................. .
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6.
ater, ammonia and sul$ur dioide are simple molecular compounds. 7airs o$ electrons in molecules may be present as bonding pairs or as lone pairs. (i)
!ompl !omplete ete the table table belo below w $or $or water water,, ammo ammonia nia and and sul$u sul$urr dioi dioide. de. molecule
8"3
28
S3"
number of bonding pairs of electrons
/ (two double bonds)
number of lone pairs of electrons around central atom
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(ii) (ii)
9se 9se your your answe answers rs to (i) (i) to help help you draw draw the the shape shape o$, o$, and and bond bond angle angle in, in, a molecule o$ 28 and o$ S3". molecule
28
S3"
shape of molecule with bond angles
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7.
#n understanding understanding o$ electronegati&ity electronegati&ity helps to eplain eplain why some some co&alent bonds bonds are polar.
(i)
De$ine the term electronegativity . .......................................................... ............................ ............................................................ .............................................................. ................................. .
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(ii)
ater ater and and carbon carbon dioide dioide both both ha&e ha&e polar polar bonds. bonds. 'plai 'plain n why water water has has polar polar molecules but carbon dioide has non:polar molecules. .......................................................... ............................ ............................................................ .............................................................. ................................. .
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8.
;n this -uestion, one mar+ is a&ailable $or the -uality o$ written communication. Describe the intermolecular bonding in !8 / and in 8"3. 9se clear diagrams in your answer.
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9.
Describe and eplain the density o$ ice compared with water. ........................................................... ............................. ............................................................ ............................................................ ......................................... ...........
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10.
%he non:metals chlorine and carbon ha&e &ery di$$erent boiling points. !hlorine is a gas at room temperature but carbon does not boil until well o&er /<== >!.
'plain this di$$erence, in terms o$ bonding and structure. ;n your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly. ........................................................... ............................. ............................................................ ............................................................ ......................................... ...........
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The diagram below shows the variation in the boiling points of elements across Period of the Periodic Table.
11.
)===
#l
"<==
Si
"=== b o ilin g p o in t 1<== ?@
2 a
g
1===
S
<==
7
! l
= 11
(a)
1"
1)
1/ 1< a t o m i c n u m b e r
1*
1A
# r 1B
;n the the table table below below $or the elemen elements ts g, g, Si Si and and S, •
complete the structure column using the word giant or or simple .
•
complete the bonding column using the word metallic , ionic or or covalent . element
structure
bonding
g Si S []
(b) (b)
'pl 'plai ain n why why sil silic icon on has has a muc much h higher boiling boiling point than phosphorus. .......................................................... ............................ ............................................................ .............................................................. ................................. .
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(c) (c)
'pl 'plai ain n why why the the boi boili ling ng poin pointt increases $rom increases $rom sodium to aluminium. .......................................................... ............................ ............................................................ .............................................................. ................................. .
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This !uestion refers to the elements in the f irst four periods of the Periodic Table. Table.
12.
8 e
;denti$y an element $rom the $irst $our periods that $its each o$ the $ollowing descriptions. descriptions. (i)
%he elem elemen entt that that $orms $orms a "4 "4 ion ion with with the the same same elect electron ronic ic con$i con$igur gurati ation on as as #r. #r. ...............................................................CC [1]
(ii) (ii)
%he elemen elementt that that $orm $orms s a ion with with ten ten elect electron rons. s. ......................................................................
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(iii) (iii)
#n elemen elementt that $orms $orms a compound compound with $luorine $luorine with with trigona trigonall planar planar molecu molecules. les. ......................................................................
[1]
(i&) (i&)
41
%he %he elem elemen entt that that $or $orms ms a chl chlor orid ide e E!l " with a molar mass o$ 111.1 g mol
.
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(&) (&)
%he %he elem elemen entt with with the the larg larges estt atom atomic ic rad radiu ius. s. ......................................................................
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(&i) (&i)
%he elem elemen entt with the the smalle smallest st $irst $irst ionis ionisati ation on energ energy y. ......................................................................
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