Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which characteristic among women correlates with a high morbidity of cancer of the colon,
uterus, and kidney? a. Women Women older than 45 years of age b. Women who have never had children c. Women who have a high body mass index D. Woman who have smoked for more than 1 years !"#$ %
! recent hy&othesis states that the observed increased incidence of such cancers as breast, endometrium, colon, liver, kidney, and adenomas of the eso&hagus may be associated with obesity. "o current research su&&orts the remaining o& tions. '(#$ 1
)*+$ 'ages 41-41 / +igure 10-11
. Which substance has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination
with tobacco smoking? a. !lcohol b. #teroids
c. !ntihistamines d. !ntide&ressants
!"#$ !
!lcohol interacts with smoke, increasing the risk of malignant tumors, &ossibly by acting as a solvent for the carcinogenic chemicals in smoke &roducts. "o current research su&&orts the remaining o&tions as having an increased effect on the incidence of cancer when used in combination with tobacco smoking. '(#$ 1
)*+$ 'age 4 / 'age 4
0. Which cancers &ose the highest risk for radiologists? a. (hyroid c. 2eukemia b. 3reast d. 3rain !"#$ %
oniing radiation ex&osure &laces radiologists at risk for the develo&ment of leukemia, lym&homa, and skin cancers. '(#$ 1
)*+$ 'age 44 / (able 10-
4. )esearch has shown a link between cancer and which sexually transmitted disease? a. #y&hilis c. 6uman &a&illomavirus b. 7onorrhea d. 'elvic inflammatory disease !"#$ %
6uman &a&illomavirus 86'9: is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the ;nited #tates. 6igh-risk, or oncogenic, 6'9s can cause cancer. ! &ersistence of infection with highrisk 6'9 is a &rere
'(#$ 1
)*+$ 'ages 40-44
5. )esearch has su&&orted that alcohol consum&tion has a convincing im&act on increasing the
risk of which cancer? a. 2ung b. 3reast
c. 'harynx d. 'ancreas
!"#$ %
)esearch had shown that alcohol consum&tion has a convincing &ositive im&act on the risk of develo&ing &harynx cancer. "o research su&&orts such a connec tion with the remaining o&tions. '(#$ 1
)*+$ 'age 4 / (able 10-5
=. )esearch su&&orts the &remise that exercise has a &robab le im&act on reducing the risk of
which cancer? a. 2iver b. *ndometrial
c. #tomach d. %olon
!"#$ D
(he World World %ancer )esearch +und summaries the effects as convincing for for cancers of the colon and probable and probable for for &ostmeno&ausal breast cancer and endometrial cancer. (he relationshi& is not su&&orted for the remaining o&tions. '(#$ 1
)*+$ 'age 4 / (able 10-=
. (he World World 6ealth >rganiation 8W6>: defines grade 1 8overweight: as a 3 of$ a. 1.5 to 4.@ c. 0 to 0@.@ b. 5 to @.@ d. 4 to 5.@ !"#$ 3
! 3 of 5 to @.@ kgAm is considered a grade 1 8overweight: classification. ! 3 of 1.5 to 4.@ kgAm is considered normal range, whereas 0 to 0@.@ kgAm is a grade 8severe overweight: classification, and a 3 higher than 4 kgAm is considered grade 0 8morbidly overweight:. '(#$ 1
)*+$ 'age 41 / (able 10-4
MULTIPLE RESPOSE
. (obacco (obacco smoking is associated with which cancers? (Select all that apply) a. 2ung b. #kin c. 3ladder d. Bidney e. 'ancreas !"#$ !"#$ !, %, %, D, D, *
3esides lung cancer, tobacco increases the risk for cancers of the mouth, li&s, nasal cavity and sinuses, larynx, &harynx, eso&hagus, stomach, &ancreas, kidney, bladder, bladder, uterus, cervix, colon and rectum, ovary, and acute leukemia. "o current research links tobacco smoking to skin cancer. '(#$ 1
)*+$ 'age 410
@. (he significant risk factors associated with the develo&ment of basal cell carc inoma include$
(Select all that apply.) a. 2ight-colored hair b. 'ale eyes c. +air skin d. +reckles e. 6istory of acne !"#$ !"#$ !, 3, 3, %, %, D
)isk factors associated with a high risk of melanoma include light-colored hair, eyes, and skinC an inability to tanC and a tendency to freckle, sunburn, and develo& nevi. "o current research su&&orts acne as a risk factor. '(#$ 1
)*+$ 'age 401
1. Which environmental factors have been shown to have greatest significant effect on the
frebesity #evere allergies #tressful occu&ation
a. b. c. d. e.
!"#$ !, 3, 3, %
(he number of environmental factors can alter the fre
)*+$ 'ages 410-400
11. )esearch data su&&ort the relationshi& between the ex&osure of ultraviolet light 8;92: and the
develo&ment of$ (Select all that apply.) a. 3asal cell carcinoma b. #
*x&osure to ;92 can cause basal cell carcinoma and s
)*+$ 'age 401
1. !lcohol consum&tion has been &roven to be a consistent risk factor in the develo&ment of
which maor cancer? (Select all that apply.) a. %olorectal b. Bidney c. 3reast d. *so&hageal e. 'ancreatic !"#$ !, %, %, D
)esearch su&&orts a consistent link between alcohol consum&tion and an increased risk for breast, colorectal, and eso&hageal cancersC no such data have yet been determined for the remaining o&tions. '(#$ 1
)*+$ 'age 4
10. "utritional counseling regarding cancer stem cell re&o&ulation must stress stress the im&ortance of
including sufficient
%ancer stem cells use several develo&mental mechanisms for the self-renewal, and these mechanisms a&&ear to be fundamental to the initiation and recurrence of tumors. !de
)*+$ 'age 41=
14. Which &ersonal lifestyle choices will likely have a &ositive im&act on reducing an individualEs
risk for develo&ing cancer? (Select all that apply.) a. !voiding crowds b. We Wearing aring a hat while golfing go lfing c. *ating a strict vegetarian diet d. 6aving regular health screenings e. #taying indoors during smog alerts !"#$ 3, *
!voiding !voiding ex&osure to ultraviolet radiation and air &ollutants will hel& decrease the risk of develo&ing skin and lung cancer. !lthough avoiding crowds may reduce the risk of contracting infections, no research suggests such a decision will reduce the risk of cancer. *ating a vegetarian diet will reduce the consum&tion of red meat, but no research suggests that such a diet is a factor in reducing the risk of cancer. 6ealth screening, although im&ortant, can detect the &ossible &resence of a s&ecific disease, but it does not &revent diseases. '(#$ 1
)*+$ 'age 401 / 'age 400
15. Which individual is at risk for develo&ing lung and res&iratory tract cancers because of
ex&osure to known cancer-inducing environmental factors? (Select all that apply.) a. ! &atient whose &artner smokes 1 1A &acks of cigarettes a day b. ! 1-year em&loyee of an asbestos fiber manufacturer c. ! farmer whose e'D: e. ! 1-year delivery em&loyee for a &a&er manufacturing com&any !"#$ !"#$ !, 3, 3, %, %, *
"umerous environmental factors can cause inflammation and include, for exam&le, inhaling tobacco smoke, asbestos fibers, or fine &articles in the air from diesel engine exhaust and industrial sources. #ulfur dioxide is &roduced by &ower &lants burning oil and coal, co&&er smelting, and &a&er mills. (hese sources are maor factors in lung and other res&iratory tract cancers. ! family history is not considered a risk factor since these cancers are generally affected by environmental rather than genetic factors. '(#$ 1
)*+$ 'age 40 / 'age 400
1=. Which &rimary &revention strategy has a substantial likelihood of reducing the risk of
develo&ing cancer? (Select all that apply.) a. >ffering free smoking cessation classes to college students b. *stablishing a su&&ort grou& for &atients receiving chemothera&y c. 'roviding a breast cancer screening at a senior center twice a year d. #u&&lying low sugar, low-fat snacks at an after-school tutoring &rogram e. +unding a su&&ort service that offers trans&ortation to cancer treatment centers !"#$ !, %, %, D
(argeted (argeted interventions can substantially reduce the incidences of cancers worldwide and should include &rimary &revention strategies to decrease or eliminate certain lifestyle factors including tobacco avoidance and the cessation of smoking, a reduction in obesity and alcohol consum&tion, an increase in &hysical activity, and the im&lementation of vaccination &rograms for liver and cervical cancer, as well as effective early detection &rograms for colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer. #u&&ort grou&s and trans&ortation trans&ortation to cancer centers are secondary strategies. '(#$ 1
)*+$ 'age 4@ / WhatFs "ew box
1. When considering to&ics for a series of community discussions related to cancer &revention
strategies, the nurse will include$ (Select all that apply.) a. 6ealthy eating b. (obacco (obacco avoidance avoidanc e c. m&ortance of early diagnosis d. m&act of obesity on oneEs health e. !ge-a&&ro&riate exercise routines !"#$ !"#$ !, 3, 3, D, D, *
*liminating smoking, decreasing obesity, &artici&ating in a&&ro&riate exercises, eliminating infections, and avoiding an unhealthy unhe althy diet are all essential for &reventing cancer. #creening is not a &revention strategy.
'(#$ 1
)*+$ 'age 41 / WhatFs "ew box
