GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY GANDHINAGAR
ADMINISTRAT ADMINIST RATIVE IVE LA LAW W
CASE STUDY Harishankar Bagla V. Sa! O" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh
SUBMITTED TO
SUBMITTED BY
Mr. Girish R
Vin&# %an'ar
(Assisan %r&"!ss&r &" La')
(*+B*,-)
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/
TABLE O2 CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1. INT INTROD RODUCTI UCTION ON 2. FACTS CTS OF OF THE THE CASE CASE 3.
CONTEN CONTENTIO TION N OF OF APPEL APPELLAN LANT T
4. CONTEN CONTENTIO TION N OF RESPON RESPONDEN DENT T 5. STA STATUTES UTES REFER REFERRE RED D 6. JUDG JUDGEM EMEN ENT T ANA ANAL LYSIS SIS 7. CONCLUSION 8. ILI ILIOG OGR RAPHY PHY
2
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/
AC3NOWLEDGEMENT
I !"#$% $&'( )" (*+,(-- / 0,)&)#%( )" $$ )"-( !" 0( ( )( +"--&&$&)/ )" "+$()( )& +,"(). I !) )" )' )( A--&-)) P,"(--", " L!9 M,. G&,&- R. ", 0&&0 ( )( "++",)#&)/ )" "+$()( )&- --&0()9 % )" %" )( ((--,/ ,(-(, !",'. M/ -(&", "$$(0#(- )"" -#++",)(% ( & / ,(-(, !",'. I !) )" )' )( ", $$ )(&, ($+9 -#++",)9 &)(,(-) % $#$( &)-. E-+(&$$/9 I !"#$% $&'( )" 0&( / -+(&$ )'- )" / &$/ !"-( +)&() $"(9 &) % -#++",) ($(% ( )" "+$()( )&- !",'.
3
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ INTRODUCTION
H,&-', 0$ . S))( " M%/ P,%(- - %(&%(% / "-)&)#)&"$ ( " 14.:5.1;54. & )&- -( ++($$)- !- Harishankar Bagla and Another . % R(-+"%() !The State of Madhya Pradesh. I )&- +,)&#$, -( )( & &--#( ,&-(% (",( )( -#+,(( "#,) !- < 1. E--()&$ #)&" " $(0&-$)#,( ( %($(0)(% ", ") % !) -)% = 2. P"$&/ '&0 % ,(+($ " $! +"!(, " $(0&-$)#,( ( %($(0)(% ", ") % !) !&) )( ,(-),&)&" = T( D($(0)(% $(0&-$)&" >$-" ,((,,(% )" - -("%,/ $(0&-$)&" ", -#",%&)( $(0&-$)&" ", -#-&%&,/ $(0&-$)&"? (- &) &- $! %( / (*(#)&( #)",&)/ #%(, +"!(,0&( )" )( / +,&,/ $(0&-$)&" & ",%(, )" &+$(() % %&&-)(, )( ,(@#&,(()" )) +,&,/ $(0&-$)&". P,&,/ ,(@#&,(() " %($(0)(% $(0&-$)&" &- P,() A). A",%&0 )" G,(, P,() ) +,"&%(- ", -'($()" $(0&-$)&" !& &- -#++$&(% !&) $""% % $(- / )( (*(#)&( & )( ", " ,&$(-9 ",%(,-9 ,(0#$)&"- % ")&&)&". T& +,"(-- " -#++$/&0 $""% % $(- &- '"! - %($(0)(% $(0&-$)&". D($(0)(% $(0&-$)&" $-" ( 0(% -)(, ) +,&,/ $(0&-$)&" -" $(0&-$)#,(- %($(0)( &--#(- )) / ((% )" ( &()#(% ),"#0 (*+(,&((. P"!(, " %($(0)&" &- -#++$((),/ )" +"!(, " $(0&-$)&". D($(0)(% $(0&-$)&" - (( %(&(% / salmond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
1
S&''& S#,(%, P,-% S, >1;;4? 5 SCC 282 4
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ L%,' -( & "(+) " %($(0)(% $(0&-$)&" +"!(, & I%& In Delhi Laws Act case2 "-(,(% )) )( (*+,(--&"- %($(0)(% $(0&-$)&" % %($(0)&0 $(0&-$)&( +"!(, ,( -"()&(- #-(% & $&(,$ -(-(9 % -"()&(- & -),&) -(-(. T(-( (*+,(--&"- ( (( #-(% & )( $""-( -(-( ", +"+#$, -(-( & )( ,&"#- ),()&-(- ", ,(+",)- %($&0 !&) )( -" $$(% %($(0)(% $(0&-$)&". T(,( ( " (-&))&" )) & )( L(0&-$)#,( "+$()($/ %&)(- &)- #)&"- % -()- #+ +,$$($ L(0&-$)#,( ),-(,,&0 $$ &)- +"!(, )" &)9 )) !"#$% #%"#)(%$/ ( ,($ &-)( " %($(0)&" " &)- +"!(,. I ")(, !",%-9 )(,( !&$$ ( %($(0)&" & )( -),&) -(-( & $(0&-$)&( +"!(, !&) $$ &)- )),&#)(- &),-(,,(% )" ")(, #)",&)/. D($(0)(% $(0&-$)&" &- "( " )( "-) +,(%&)$( +,)- " %&&-),)&". A$"0 !&) (&0 "-) -&0&&)9 &) !- "( " )( "-) ,0#$( &--#(- & I%&. A",%&0 )" )( ),%&)&"$ )(",/9 )( #)&" " )( (*(#)&( &- %&&-)(,&0 )( $! ()(% / $(0&-$)#,( % & &%($ -))( )( $(0&-$)&( +"!(, #-) ( "+$()($/ %($) / )( $(0&-$)#,(. #) %#( )" &,(-( & %&&-),)&( #)&" % -&)&0 " )( "(+) )" !($,( -))(9 )(/ ( )" ,,/ "#) (,)& $(0&-$)&( #)&"-. J. M#'(,(( & )&- -( -&% )) D($(0)(% $(0&-$)&" &- (*+,(--&" )) &- "#-&0. I) &- (*#-( ", $(0&-$)#,(-9 -&($% ", %&&-),)",- % +,"")&" )" )( "-)&)#)&"$ #,&-)-. T(,( ,( (,)& ,(-),&)&" %( #+" )( +"!(, " %($(0)(% $(0&-$)&" ", "),"$$&0 % ,(-),&) )" %" ") +(,", )( !"$( $(0&-$)&( +"!(,. I )( R( D($& L! A) -(9 &) !($% / )( ",&)/ %(&-&" )) E*(#)&( - +"!(, " (*)(%&0 )( ) ),"#0 ,(-),&)&"- ", "%&&)&" #) &) %"(-) ( +"!(, )" ,(+($ ", (% $!-. P"!(, )" ,(+($ $! &- (--()&$$/ $(0&-$)&( +"!(, % ((9 %($(0)&0 )) )" )( G") &- ) "( ultra ires )( +"!(, )" %($(0)(. E--()&$ $(0&-$)&" #)&" ") ( %($(0)(% )" )( (*(#)&(.
E--()&$ $(0&-$)&( #)&" !& ") ( %($(0)(% ,( "$$"!&0 1. L/&0 %"! " +"$&/ % "() " )( ) W( $(0&-$)&" &- %(9 )( $(0&-$)&" +"$&/ -"#$% ( ,(% / )( $(0&-$)#,(. T( (*(#)&( ") ( %($(0)(% )&- +"!(,. T( L(0&-$)#,( ") %($(0)( &)- #)&"- " $/&0 %"! $(0&-$)&( +"$&/ & ,(-+() " (-#,( % &)- ",#$)&" - ,#$( " 2
1;51 S.C.R. 747 5
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ "%#). T( $(0&-$)#,( #-) %($,( )( +"$&/ " )( $! % )( $(0$ +,&&+$(- !& ,( )" "),"$ % 0&( -(- % #-) +,"&%( -)%,% )" 0#&%( )( "&&$- " )( "%/ & +"!(, )" (*(#)( )( $!. I %($&0 !&) )( $$(0( )( #$),&,(- " / S))( " )( 0,"#% " E*(--&( %($(0)&" &) &- ((--,/ )" (@#&,( !()(, T( &+#0(% %($(0)&" &"$(- )( %($(0)&" " (--()&$ $(0&-$)&( #)&"- ", +"!(, I !asant lal case"# Su$$a %ao& ' . "-(,(% - "$$"!- T( "-)&)#)&" "(,- +"!(, % &+"-(- %#)/ " )( $(0&-$)#,( )" '( $!-. T( (--()&$ $(0&-$)&( #)&" &- )( %()(,&)&" " )( $(0&-$)&( +"$&/ % &)- ",#$)&" - ,#$( " "%#). O&"#-$/ &) ") %&)( &)- #)&"- & "#, " ")(,. #)9 & &(! " )( #$)&,&"#- )&&)&(" !($,( S))(9 &) >)( $(0&-$)#,(? ") +,(-#$/ !",' "#) $$ )( %()&$- )" -&) )( ,/&0 -+()- " "+$(* -&)#)&"-. I) #-) ((--,&$/ %($(0)( )( !",'&0 "#) " %()&$)" )( (*(#)&( ", / ")(, 0(/. #) )(,( &- %0(, &(,() & -# +,"(-- " %($(0)&". A "(,#,%((% $(0&-$)#,( ", "( "),"$$(% / +"!(,#$ (*(#)&( / #%#$/ "(,-)(+ )( $&&)- " %($(0)&". I) / ? ") $/ %"! / +"$&/ ) $$ ? %($,( &)- +"$&/ & 0#( % 0((,$ )(,- ? ") -() %"! / -)%,% ", )( 0#&%( " )( (*(#)&( %? "(, % ,&),,/ +"!(, )" )( (*(#)&( " 0( ", "%&&(% )( +"$&/ $&% %"! / &) !&)"#) ,(-(,&0 ", &)-($ / "),"$ "(, -#",%&)( $(0&-$)&". S&( %($(0)(% $(0&-$)&" ",- +,) " $!9 "#,)- ( )( #,&-%&)&" )" (*&( )(. T( "#,)- ( ($% )) ,&0 " $(0&-$)&( +"$&/ &- (--()&$ #)&" % ") ( %($(0)(% )" %&&-),)&( "%/. T(,(",( )( (*)() )" !& %($(0)&" &- +(,&--&$( &- !($$ -())$(%. T( $(0&-$)#,( ") %($(0)( &)- (--()&$ $(0&-$)&( +"$&/ % +,&&+$( % #-) ",% 0#&%( ", ,,/&0 "#) )( -&% +"$&/ (",( &) %($(0)(- &)- %($(0)(- &)-#-&%&,/ +"!(,- & )) ($.
3
AIR 1;61SC :4 6
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh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
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ 2ACTS O2 THE CASE4
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
C&n!ni&n O" A55!llan B!"&r! Th! S65r!7! C&6r As 2&ll&'4 1.
T) -()&" 3 % 4 " )( E--()&$ S#++$&(- >T(+",,/ P"!(,-? A)9 1;469 % )( +,"&-&"- " )( C"))" C$") C"),"$ O,%(, "),((% )( #%()$ ,&0) " )( ++($$)- 0#,)((% / ,)&$( 1;>1?>? % >0? " )( C"-)&)#)&"
2.
T) -()&" 3 " )( E--()&$ S#++$&(- >T(+",,/ P"!(,-? A)9 1;469 % & +,)&#$, -()&" 4 !(,( #$), &,(-9 )( L(0&-$)#,( " )( 0,"#% " (*(--&( %($(0)&" " $(0&-$)&( +"!(, 8
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ 3.
T) -()&" 6 &0 (( "#% #$), &,(-9 -()&" 3 !- &(*),&$/ "()(% !&) &) % )) ") )( -()&"- -"#$% ( (( %($,(% #$), &,(- " )) 0,"#% %
4.
T) )( &+#0(% C"),"$ O,%(, "),((% (*&-)&0 $!-9 &.9 )( +,"&-&"- " -()&"- 279 28 % 41 " )( I%& R&$!/- A)9 % !- )#- "&% & &)- ()&,()/.
C&n!ni&n O" Th! R!s5&n#!n B!"&r! Th! S65r!7! C&6r 8 1.
T( ,(-+"%() $$(0(% )( #%0() " )( H&0 C"#,) )) -()&" 6 " )( A) !- #"-)&)#)&"$.
Th! R!l!an Sa6&r$ %r&isi&ns Tha A55li!# In This Cas! Ar! As 2&ll&'s4
S()&"- 3 % 4 " )( E--()&$ S#++$&(- >T(+",,/ P"!(,-? A). 1;469 +,"&%( - "$$"!- S!9i&n +. >1? T( C(),$ G"(,()9 -" , - &) ++(,- )" &) )" ( ((--,/ ", (*+(%&()
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i&n 0. T( C(),$ G"(,() / / ")&&(% ",%(, %&,() )) )( +"!(, )" '(
",%(,- #%(, -()&" 3 -$$9 & ,($)&" )" -# ))(,- % -#() )" -# "%&)&"-9 & /9 - / ( -+(&&(% & )( %&,()&"9 ( (*(,&-$( $-" / 9
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ >? -# "&(, ", #)",&)/ -#",%&)( )" )( C(),$ G"(,()9 ", >? -# S))( G"(,() ", -# "&(, ", #)",&)/ -#",%&)( )" S))( G"(,() / ( -+(&&(% & )( %&,()&". S!9i&n 1 ,#- )#-
6. A/ ",%(, %( #%(, -()&" 3 -$$ ( (() ")!&)-)%&0 /)&0 &"-&-)() )(,(!&) ")&(% & / ()() ")(, ) )&- A) ", / &-),#() &0 (() / &,)#( " / ()() ")(, ) )&- A). C&&n T!:il!s (C&nr&l &" M&!7!n) Or#!r; *,0< . S!9i&n = " )&- ",%(, %(&(- )( (*+,(--&"- ++,($9 ,,&(,9 "-&(,/9 $") %
)(*)&$( "&--&"(,. S!9i&n + " )( ",%(, ,#- - "$$"!- S!9i&n +. N" +(,-" -$$ ),-+",) ", "#,-( )" ( ),-+",)(% / ,&$9 ,"%9 &,9 -( ", &$%
&0)&" / $")9 /, ", ++,($ (*(+) #%(, % & ",%( !&) >&? 0((,$ +(,&) ")&&(% & )( G())( " I%& / )( T(*)&$( C"&--&"(,9 ", >&&? -+(&$ ),-+",) +(,&) &--#(% / )( T(*)&$( C"&--&"(,. S!9i&n < +,"&%(- )) )( T(*)&$( C"&--&"(, /9 / ")&&)&" & )( G())( "
I%&9 +,(-,&( )( (, & !& / ++$&)&" ", -+(&$ ),-+",) +(,&) #%(, )&O,%(, -$$ ( %(. T( C(),$ G"(,() - +,(-,&(% ",- ", ++$&)&" ", ")&&0 +(,&)- % )( "%&)&"- #%(, !& +(,&)- ( ")&(%.
JUDGEMENT ANALYSIS 4
J#%0(() %($&(,(% / )( M(, C% M9 C.J. "-)&)#)&"$ ( "-&-) " M#'(,(9 && "-(9 N.H. 0!)& % T.L. ('), A&//,9 JJ.
10
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ 1. U+" )( &,-) ")()&" %( / ++($$) !- )) )( +,"&-&"- " -()&" 3 " )( C"),"$ O,%(, &"$)(% )( ,&0)- " &)&( 0#,)((% & -#$#-(- >? % >0? " ,)&$( 1;>1? " )( C"-)&)#)&". T(-( -#$#-(- ,("0&-( )( ,&0) " &)&( )" %&-+"-( " +,"+(,)/ % )" ,,/ " ),%( ", #-&(--. T( "%&)&" " +(,&) )" ),-+",) / ,&$ "))" )(*)&$(- )" (,)& (*)() "+(,)(- - ,(-),&)&" " )( ,&0)- " +(,-" !" &(00(% & )( #-&(-- " +#,-( % -$( " "))" )(*)&$(-. C$#-( >5? " ,)&$( 1; "!((, +(,&)- -# ,(-),&)&" )" ( +$(% +,"&%(% )(/ ,( & )( +#$& &)(,(-). S#+,(( "#,) ,($/&0 #+" )( ")()&" -&% )) %#,&0 )( +(,&"% " ((,0(/ &) !(--()&$ )" &+"-( "),"$ " )( +,"%#)&"9 -#++$/ % %&-),&#)&" " ""%&)&((--()&$ )" )( $&( " )( "#&)/. I) !- ", )&- -&- )) )( L(0&-$)#,( +--(% )( E--()&$ S#++$&(- >T(+",,/ P"!(,-? A) #)",&-&0 )( C(),$ G"(,() )" '( ",%(,- ," )&( )" )&( "),"$$&0 )( +,"%#)&"9 -#++$/ % %&-),&#)&" " (--()&$ ""%&)&(-. T( -#+,(( "#,) #,)(, -))(% )) $#-( 3 " )( C"),"$ O,%(, %"(- ") )'( !/ &)&( " )( ,&0) )" %&-+"-( " ", ),-+",) "))" )(*)&$(- +#,-(% / &. I) ,(@#&,(- & )" )'( +(,&) ," )( T(*)&$( C"&--&"(, )" $$"! & )" ),-+",) )(. T( ,(@#&,(() " +(,&) & )&- ,(0,% ") ( ,(0,%(% - #,(-"$( ,(-),&)&" " )( &)&(- ,&0) #%(, -#$#-(- >? % >0? " ,)&$( 1;>1?. S#+,(( "#,) $&%)( )( %(&-&" +--(% / H&0 C"#,) )" (0)&( )( ")()&" ,&-(% ,(0,%&0 )( &$&%&)/ " )( C"),"$ O,%(, - ,&%0&0 )( ,&0)- " )( &)&( #%(, ,)&$( 1;>1? " )( C"-)&)#)&". 2. T( ++($$) #,)(, ,0#(% )) )( T(*)&$( C"&--&"(, % (( 0&( #,(0#$)(% % ,&),,/ %&-,()&" )" ,(#-( ", )" 0,) +(,&)9 % )) " 0,"#%- ,($)(% )" )"-( " !& & Dwarka Prasad # The State of (ttar Pradesh 4 I )&- -(9 "#,) %($,(% "&% -()&" 4>3? " )( U)), P,%(- C"$ C"),"$ O,%(,9 -()&" 3 " )( C"),"$ O,%(, & @#(-)&" -"#$% $-" ( %($,(% "&%. T( -#+,(( "#,) 0& -&% T&- ,0#() &- ") (+)$(.
4
A.I.R. 1;54 S.C. 225 11
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ I )( &,-) +$(9 )( ++($$)- ((, ++$&(% ", +(,&) % %( " (",)- )" 0() "(. I )( +(,&) % (( ++$&(% ", % ,(#-(% ,&),,&$/ )(/ &0) ) ( % ,&0) )" &) )( $! " )( 0,"#% )) &) 0( ,&),,/ % #,(0#$)(% +"!(, & )( )(*)&$( "&--&"(,. T( A++($$)- !(,( ),-+",)&0 (--()&$ 0""%- / ,&$ !&)"#) +(,&) % )( "$/ (, )(/ 0() / ,($&( &- / ))'&0 )( -()&" !& "$&0(- )( )" )'( +(,&) (",( )(/ ),-+",) / ,&$ (--()&$ ""%&)&(-. I) / $-" ( +"&)(% "#) )) ,((,(( )" )( %(&-&" " )&- C"#,) & Dwarka Prasad)s case9 &- ") (,/ ,($() % - " (,&0 " )( +,(-() -(. S()&" 4>3? " )( U)), P,%(- C"$ C"),"$ O,%(, !- %($,(% "&% " )( 0,"#% )) &) %(%&)(% )" )( #,(-),&(% !&$$ " -&0$( &%&&%#$ )" 0,)9 !&)"$% ", ($ $&((- & / !/ ( "-( % )(,( !- ")&0 & )( O,%(, !& "#$% 0#,)(( +,"+(, (*(#)&" " )( +"!(, ", "+(,)( - (' #+" &#-)&( )) &0) ,(-#$) ," &+,"+(, (*(#)&" " )( -(. S()&" 4>3? " )( U)), P,%(- C"$ C"),"$ O,%(, !- & )(-( )(,- The Licensing Authority may grant& refuse to grant& renew or refuse to renew a licence and may sus*end& cancel& reoke or modify any licence or any terms thereof granted $y him under the +rder for reasons to $e recorded# Proided that eery *ower which under this +rder e,ercisa$le $y the Licensing Authority shall also $e e,ercisa$le $y the State -oal -ontroller& or any *erson authori.ed $y him in this $ehalf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
P0. ". 69 #%0(() " H,&-', 0$ . S))( " M.P 12
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ %&(,() ",- +#$&-(% & )( M#$9 )(,( ,( %&,()&"- % ,#$(- $&% %"! / )( C(),$ G"(,() ", )( 0,) ", ,(#-$ " +(,&)-. 3. U+" )( (*) ")()&" " ++($$) )) -()&" 3 " )( E--()&$ S#++$&(- 2>T(+",,/ P"!(,-? A)9 1;469 "#)- )" %($(0)&" " L(0&-$)&( +"!(, "#)-&%( )( +(,&))(% $&&)- &0& !&)"#) / 0""% +"&). I) !- -())$(% / )( ",&)/ #%0() & )( Delhi Laws Act case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ussell # The 1ueen79 Hodge # The 1ueen89 % Shannon # Lower Mainland Dairy Products Board ;9 % -&( )( "&0 &)" ",( " )( C"-)&)#)&" %($(0)&" " )&- ,)(, - (( #+($% & #(, " %(&-&"- " )&- C"#,) " +,&&+$(- (#&)(% / )( ",&)/ & )( D($& L!- A) -( A- $,(%/ +"&)(% "#)9 )( +,($( % )( "%/ " )( -()&"- -#&&()$/ ",#$)( )( $(0&-$)&( +"$&/ % )( &) % ,)(, " )( A) &- -# )) )( %()&$- " )) +"$&/ "$/ ( !",'(% "#) / %($(0)&0 )( )" -#",%&)( #)",&)/ !&)& )( ,(!",' " )) +"$&/.
6
1;51 S.C.R. 747
7
7 A.C. 82;
8
; A.C. 117
9
1;38 A.C. 7:8 13
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ A++($$) "#$% ") (,/ -(,&"#-$/ +,(-- )( @#(-)&" " )( &$&%&)/ " -()&" 3 " )( A) % &) &- #((--,/ )(,(",( )" "-&%(, )&- @#(-)&" & 0,()(, %()&$. S()&" 4 " )( A) !- ))'(% " )( 0,"#% )) &) (+"!(,- )( C(),$ G"(,() )" %($(0)( &)- "! +"!(, )" '( ",%(,- #%(, -()&" 3 )" / "&(, ", #)",&)/ -#",%&)( )" &) ", )( P,"&&$ G"(,() ", )" / "&( ", #)",&)/ -#",%&)( )" )( P,"&&$ G"(,() - -+(&&(% & )( %&,()&" 0&( / )( C(),$ G"(,(). I ")(, !",%-9 )( %($(0)( - (( #)",&(% )" #,)(, %($(0)( &)- +"!(,- & ,(-+() " )( (*(,&-( " )( +"!(,- " -()&" 3. A++($$) ")(%(% )) &) !- ", )( L(0&-$)#,( &)-($ )" -+(&/ )( +,)&#$, #)",&)&(", "&(,- !" "#$% (*(,&-( +"!(, #%(, -()&" 3 % &) !- ") "+( )" )( L(0&-$)#,( )" (+"!(, )( C(),$ G"(,() )" -/ !) "&(, ", #)",&)/ "#$% (*(,&-( )( +"!(,. R((,(( & )&- "()&" !- %( )" )!" %(&-&"- " )( S#+,(( C"#,) " )( U&)(% S))(- " A(,& Panama %efining -o# # %yan 1: % Schechter # (nited States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hannon)s case129 "+$()($/ (0)&(- )( ")()&" ,&-(% ,(0,%&0 )( &$&%&)/ " -()&" 4. I )) -( )( L). G"(,", & C"#&$ !- 0&( +"!(, )" (-) & ,'()&0 ",% )( +"!(,- "(,,(% / -()&" 4A>%? " )( N)#,$ P,"%#)- M,'()&0 >,&)&- C"$#&? A)9 1;36. T( ))' " )( A) !- )) !&)"#) "-)&)#)&"$ #)",&)/ &) %($(0)(%
10
2;3 U.S. 388
11
2;5 U.S. 4;5
12
1;38 A.C. 7:8 14
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ $(0&-$)&( +"!(, )" )( L).G"(,", & C"#&$. T&- ")()&" !- -!(,(% / )(&, L",%-&+- & )(-( )(,- /The third o$ection is that it is not within the *owers of the Proincial Legislature to delegate so3called legislatie *owers to the Lt#34oernor in -ouncil& or to gie him *owers of further delegation# This o$ection a**ears to their Lordshi*s su$ersie of the rights which the Proincial Legislature enoys while dealing with matters falling within the classes of su$ects in relating to within the -onstitution has granted legislatie *owers# 5ithin its a**ointed s*here the Proincial Legislature is as su*reme as any other Parliament6 and it is unnecessary to try to enumerate the innumera$le occasions on which Legislatures& Proincial& Dominion and Im*erial& hae entrusted arious *ersons and $odies with similar *owers to those contained in this Act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
P0. ". 79 #%0(() " H,&-', 0$ . S))( " M.P 15
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ T( H&0 C"#,) !- & (,,", & "$%&0 )) -()&" 6 !- #"-)&)#)&"$. S()&" 6 " )( A) &)(% "( %($,(- )) ",%(, %( #%(, -()&" 3 -$$ ( (() ")!&)-)%&0 /)&0 &"-&-)() )(,(!&) ")&(% & / ()() ")(, ) )&- A) ", / &-),#() &0 (() / &,)#( " / ()() ")(, ) )&- A). I ")(, !",%- &) %($,(- )) & )(,( &- / ,(+#0/ &- ",%(, %( #%(, -()&" 3 !&) )( +,"&-&"- " / ")(, ()()9 )( +,) )) "),%&)&" )( +,"&-&"- " )( O,%(, !&$$ +,(&$ & +,((,(( )" )( +,"&-&"- " ")(, $!- !& ,( )#- &"-&-)() !&) )( +,"&-&"- " )( O,%(,. I )( &(! " )( H&0 C"#,) )( +"!(, )" %" -"()&0 !& / ( )( (() " ,(+($&09 / &+$&)&"9 (*&-)&0 $! "#$% ") ( %($(0)(% & &(! " )( ",&)/ %(&-&" " )&- C"#,) & In %e 8 Delhi Laws Act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
16
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ #%(, -()&" 3 &) %"(- ") "+(,)( & )) &($% ", )( )&( (&0. T( &) " &)- +,"(-- &)#- $&&)(% !&)"#) )(,( (&0 / ,(+($ " / "( " &)- +,"&-&"-. G,)&09 "!((,9 ", )( -'( " ,0#() )) )" )( (*)() " ,(+#0/ ()!(( ",%(, %( #%(, -()&" 3 % )( +,"&-&"- " (*&-)&0 $!9 )" )( -"+( " )( ,(+#0/9 )( (*&-)&0 $! -)%- ,(+($(% / &+$&)&"9 &) -((- )" -#+,(( "#,) )) )( ,(+($ &- ") / / A) " )( %($(0)(9 #) )( ,(+($ &- / )( $(0&-$)&( A) " )( P,$&() &)-($. / ()&0 -()&" 6 P,$&() &)-($ - %($,(% )) ",%(, %( #%(, -()&" 3 -$$ ( (() ")!&)-)%&0 / &"-&-)(/ & )&- ",%(, !&) / ()() ")(, ) )&A). T&- &- ") +,""#(() %( / )( %($(0)( #) )( L(0&-$)#,( &)-($ - %($,(% &)- !&$$ )) !/ & -()&" 6. T( ,"0)&" ", )( &+$&(% ,(+($ &- / ",( " )( $(0&-$)&( %($,)&" ")&(% & -()&" 6 % &- ") / ",( " )( ",%(, %( / )( %($(0)( #%(, -()&" 3. T( +"!(, " )( %($(0)( &- "$/ )" '( ",%(, #%(, -()&" 3. O( )( %($(0)( - %( )) ",%(, &)- +"!(, &- (*#-)(%. S()&" 6 )( -)(+- & & !& )( P,$&() - %($,(% )) - -"" - -# ",%(, "(- &)" (&0 )) !&$$ ( (() ")!&)-)%&0 / &"-&-)(/ )(,(!&) ")&(% & / ()() ")(, ) )&A). P,$&() (&0 -#+,((9 &) (,)&$/ "#$% '( $! ,"0)&0 ", ,(+($&0 / &+$&)&" +,"&-&"- " / +,((*&-)&0 $! % " (*(+)&" "#$% ( )'( " )( 0,"#% " (*(--&( %($(0)&" )" )( A) " )( P,$&() &)-($. T(,( &- " %($(0)&" &*(% #+ & )( +,"&-&"- " -()&" 6 ) $$ % )) -()&" "#$% ") ( ($% )" ( #"-)&)#)&"$ " )) 0,"#%. 6. A% )( &$ -#+,(( "#,) ($% )) )( +,"&-&"- " -()&"- 39 4 % 6 " )( E--()&$ S#++$&(- >T(+",,/ P"!(,-? A)9 1;469 ,( "-)&)#)&"$ % )( $&%&)/ " ",%(, &- $-" "-)&)#)&"$. A",%&0$/ )&- ++($ &- %&-&--(%9 % )( ),&$ C"#,) &- %&,()(% )" +,"((% (*+(%&)&"#-$/ !&) )( -( & ",%( !&) $!.
17
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/
CONCLUSION 4
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
18
Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/ (--()&$ ""%&)&(-. T( +"$&/ % +#,+"-( / ( +"&)(% "#) & )( -()&" "(,,&0 )( +"!(,- % / (( ( &%&)(% & )( +,($( ", ($-(!(,( & )( A). U$(-- )( )(, (--()&$ $(0&-$)&( #)&" &- %(&(% !&) -+(&&&)/9 )( $&&)- " %($(0)&" " $(0&-$)&( +"!(, ") ( +,(&-($/ %,!. T&- )(, &- %&&#$) )" %(&(. T( "#,)9 "!((,9 ()#,(% )" -+($$ "#) )( "-) +,"&() -+()- " )( (--()&$ $(0&-$)&( #)&" & )&- -( - "$$"!- I) !- -())$(% / )( ",&)/ #%0(() & )( ,( ,)&$( 143 " )( "-)&)#)&" " I%& % R( D($& L! A) C-(9 )) (--()&$ +"!(,- " $(0&-$)&" ") ( %($(0)(%. I )( ")(,!",%-9 )( $(0&-$)&( +"$&/ & ,(-+() " (-#,( % &)- ",#$)&" - ,#$( " "%#). T( $(0&-$)#,( #-) %($,( )( +"$&/ " )( $! % )( $(0$ +,&&+$(-9 !& ,( )" "),"$ / 0&( -(- % #-) +,(-() -)%,% )" 0#&%( "&&$- ", )( "%/ & +"!(, )" (*(#)&( )( $!. T( (--()&$ $(0&-$)&( #)&" "-&-)- & )( %()(,&)&" ", "&( " )( $(0&-$)&( +"$&/ % " ",$$/ ()&0 )) +"$&/ &)" &%&0 ,#$( " "%#).
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Harishankar Bagla Sa! &" Ma#h$a %ra#!sh AIR *,/0 SC 01/
BIBLIOGRA%HY B&&ks4
1. S P S)(9 A%&&-),)&( L! > L(*&-N(*&- #))(,!",)-9 7) (%&)&"9 2::4? 2. D#,0 D- -#9 A%&&-),)&( L! >S&*) E%&)&" 2::4? 3. M P J& % S N J&9 P,&&+$(- " A%&&-),)&( L! >6) (%&)&"9 2:13? 4. C K T'!&9 L()#,(- " A%&&-),)&( L! >E-)(, ""' C" 9I%& 4) (%&)&" 2::8?
Ari9l!s; W!>si!s An# &h!rs4
1. M#+),."
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