Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The use of advanced technologies that enable people to transact business remotely has proliferated. This is due to the realization of the intense need to manage time and resources effectively and efficiently. The society has become so fast-phased as far as technology is concerned that no organization wants to be left behind beh ind,, w hich hic h is i s actu a ctuall ally y one o ne of the factors fac tors for busine bus iness ss surv s urviva ivall [1], [ 1], thus thu s almo a lmost st all transactions need to be automated to cope up with information technology changes. An eample of the organization that must adhere to technological change is the academe, and one of its most important transactions is the payment transaction which can be done through cash or credit. !ash transaction is defined as a type of action of conducting business wherein payment is settled immediately ["]. #t is considered as one of the most important transaction processes because the inflow of cash determines the capacity of an organization to conduct all other important transaction processes such as purchases of raw materials, transport, labor, and power [$]. %owever, cash payment transactions are oftentimes the most troublesome to implement in public universities and colleges because of the lac& of resources such as personnel, office, or a systematized, automated process. 'ome of the problems encountered with manual payment transactions in most public universities and colleges are the following( long )ueues in conducting cash payment transactions which is the result of limited resources to accommodate the students* and
productivity of the cashier+s office itself is compromised because during payment schedules, which oftentimes last for a wee&, the cashier+s office tends to prioritize accepting cash payments the whole time to accommodate all the students, thus failing to do other transactions such as releasing of cash, and ban&ing which resulted to untimely or delayed outputs. very organization especially the academe must use the power of technology to cope with the challenges of the traditional processes in order to lessen, if not totally eradicate the problems with the manual system of accepting cash as payment. This is to enhance customer service, human productivity, and to level up the organization+s visibility in the global arena. Thus, the need to switch to cutting-edge technologies to provide solutions to these problems have been established. Therefore, the researcher proposes to develop the #nteractive !ash !ollection ios& 'ystem for the academe.
Statement of Objectie!
enerally, the study aims to develop the #nteractive !ash !ollection ios& 'ystem for the academe. 'pecifically, the study should provide a &ios& system that will be able to( 1. remotely collect cash payments with no human intervention* ". accurately read payment amount and dispense temporary receipt* $. generate report* and /. evaluate the system+s software based on #'0 "212("211 )uality standards
Conceptua" (rame)ork
The conceptual framewor& of the study provides the general view of the entire system which shows its de tailed composition in terms of the system+s input : process : output : evaluation design.
IN'UT
'ROC%SS
OUT'UT
5alidate user+s credentials 5alidate cash 6ead cash amount Interactie Ca!h Co""ection #io!k S$ST%& 'tudent3mployee number !ompute the total amount inputted 4assword enerate receipt !ash in 4hilippine peso denomination enerate report
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;igure 1. The !onceptual ;ramewor& of the ios& 'ystem The !onceptual ;ramewor& of the &ios& system which is shown in ;igure 1 elaborate the set of inputs which the system accepts, the processes that are performed, the output, and the evaluation concepts. The &ios& system accepts user+s credentials such as the student number or employee number and password, and cash in 4hilippine peso denomination. The processes that the &ios& system performs with the inputted data are the validation of user+s credentials, the validation of the cash, reading of the cash amount, the computation of the total amount inputted into the system, the generation
of receipt right after the payment transaction, and the report generation of all payment transactions done per day. The validation of user+s credentials involves security measures that chec&s the student number and password supplied into the &ios& system. This process ma&e sure that only valid users has access to the system. The validation of cash amount entered includes chec&ing for the currency and validating the authenticity of the cash inputted. The process of reading the amount of the cash inputted includes proper and accurate identification of how much is the actual value of the authenticated cash. The &ios& system calculates the total amount of all cash entered by the valid user into the device to ma&e sure that every authenticated cash entered by each user per transaction will be counted. The &ios& system generates a receipt right after every cash payment transaction that shows the transaction details. The &ios& system also generates report as one of its essential processes that shows all the transactions done on a particular day. The system outputs the #nteractive !ash !ollection ios& which can be tested and evaluated using a
Significance of the Study
The system is seen to be of high value and importance to the following(
'ayer!* The &ios& system will highly benefit the payers for they will no
longer wait in long )ueues to accommodate their cash payment transactions, thus they will be able to save time and effort. Organi+ation,-cademe . The &ios& system will be able to help build up their
business v alue by upgrading business i mage through enhanc ed custome r service and advanced technological development. Ca!hier.! Office . The &ios& system will do the cash collection transaction in
lieu of the !ashier+s office, so, it will allow the cashiers office to do other e)ually important tas&s for the organization or academe. Thus, the &ios&s system allows the cashiers office to tap their full productivity potential. (uture re!earcher! . The study #nteractive !ash !ollection ios& 'ystem
offers more room for improvement as far as technological development is concerned, thus this study gives future researchers more research concepts that they can wor& on with.
Scope and /imitation!
The study is conducted at the #loilo 'cience and Technology 8niversity =#'AT 8>, 7a 4az, #loilo. #t involves a dev ice which is a &ios& that is able to accept cash as payment for the students+ tuition and miscellaneous fees with no human intervention. The &ios& is able to accept the 4hilippine peso bills "2, 2, 122, "22, 22 and 1222 denominations, and the 4hilippine coins 1, and 12 denominations. The &ios&
also chec&s the authenticity of the inputted cash, which automatically re?ects any fa&e, unreadable, deformed, or old 4hilippine peso ban¬es. The &ios& system dispense a receipt for the authorized user right after each completed transaction that shows the details of the transactions. @oreover, the &ios& is able to dispense a summary report of all transactions done per day for the system administrator which contains the details of the payers and the amount that must be credited from each payer+s account, and it can be reset bac& to its original state which prepares the system for the net day transactions. #n this study, &ios& system is designed for the use of #'AT 8, 7a 4az campus, thus the design of the server and databases conform to that of the said university. %owever, the system design is maintainable which can be changed to conform other academe+s database structure. The &ios& system does not automatically update student+s account balances for it does not tap to the main server o f #'AT 8, but the d esign of the system allows integration. The valid users of the system will be the students of #'AT 8 whose student numbers and password are pre stored in the server. The &ios& system does provide any user+s information such as personal data, registration information, or grades* and thus, it cannot be used for in)uiries. The &ios& can be situated anywhere within the university premises for it is controlled by a dedicated server via a local area networ& =7A9>. The server, which run on a indows B 0perating 'ystem, is designed to hold a number of &ios&s, however, it was not established during the course of the study
the maimum number of &ios&s the server can hold. The study was only able to test 1 server is to 1 &ios& ratio. The &ios& system does not calculate and dispense change.
Definition of Term!
'ome terminologies that were used in this study are operationally and conceptually defined for clearer understanding. These are the following( Ca!h . The money or its e)uivalent paid for goods or services at the time of
purchase or delivery [/]. #n this study, !ash refers to the money tha t the students pay for their tuition fees and miscellaneous fees. 'hi"ippine pe!o . This is the basic unit of money in the 4hilippines [].
#n this study, 4hilippine peso refers to the currency that the &ios& system can only accept. Denomination . This is the face value of a ban¬e, coin, or postage stamp
[C]. #n the study, Denomination refers to the classification of the 4hilippine peso ban¬es such as "2, 2, 122, "22, 22, or 1222 peso bills, and 1, , or 12 peso coins. Receipt. This refers to a piece of paper which proves that money or goods
have been received [B]. 6eceipt, in this study, is a paper that contains the details of the transaction done by each user which served as the user+s proof of payment.
Report . A document containing information organized in a narrative,
graphic, or tabular form, prepared on ad hoc, periodic, recurring, regular, or as re)uired basis. 6eports may refer to specific periods, events, occurrences, or sub?ects, and may be communicated or presented in oral or written form [E]. #n this study, report refers to a written form that con tains all the needed details of all transactions including their statuses which were done within the day. #io!k . #t is a small stand-alone device providing information and services on
a computer screen [F]. #n this study, a &ios& refers to a remote device that accepts cash as payment from authorized users. Interactie* =0f a computer program or system> interacting with a human
user, often in a conversational way, to obtain data or commands and to give immediate results or updated information [12]. #n this study, interactive describes the behavior of the &ios& system that accepts input from human users in order to provide services. Interactie Ca!h Co""ection #io!k Sy!tem . This is the output of the system
on which the developer has created in aid to cash collection transaction performed by the !ashier+s 0ffice.
