Chem Topic 14 Questions + Answers

IB Chemistry HL Topic4 Questions 1.

2.

2–

What is the best description of the carbon-oxygen bond lengths in CO 3 ? A.

One One sho shorrt and and two two long long bon bonds

B.

One lo long an and tw two sh short bo bonds

C.

hre hreee bon bond ds of of the the sa! sa!e len leng gth

".

hre hreee bond bondss of of diff differ eren entt leng length thss

What is the n#!ber of sig!a $ σ% and pi $ π% bonds and the hybridi&ation of the carbon ato! in O '

Sigma

Pi

(

)

(

)

3

2

3

)

A. B. C. ".

!.

4.

C

O

'

Hybridiation 2

sp

3

sp

3

sp

2

sp

Which of the following contain a bond angle of *+,? .

C)(

.

 Cl 0

.

Cl 1

/

–

A.

 and  only

B.

 and  only

C.

 and  only

".

  and  2

Which allotropes contain carbon ato!s with sp hybridi&ation? .

"ia!ond

.

raphite

.

C1+ f#llerene

1

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".

%.

&.

A.

 and  only

B.


C.


".

  and 

What is the !olec#lar shape and the hybridi&ation of the nitrogen ato! in 4' 3? #o$ecu$ar sh shape

Hybridiation

A.

tetrahedral

sp

3

B.

trigonal planar

sp

2

C.

trigonal pyra!idal

sp

2

".

trigonal pyra!idal

sp

3

Which state!ent abo#t sig!a and pi bonds is correct? A.

5ig!a 5ig!a bonds bonds are are for!ed for!ed only only by s orbita orbitals ls and and pi bond bondss are for! for!ed ed only only by p orbita orbitals. ls.

B.

5ig!a 5ig!a bonds bonds are for! for!ed ed only only by p orbit orbitals als and and pi pi bonds bonds are are for!e for!ed d only only by s orbital orbitals. s.

C.

5ig!a 5ig!a bonds bonds are are for!ed for!ed by by eithe eitherr s or p orbi orbital tals s pi bond bondss are for! for!ed ed only only by p orbi orbital tals. s.

".

5ig!a 5ig!a and and pi pi bond bondss are are for! for!ed ed by by eit eithe herr s or or p orb orbita itals ls..

Consider the following state!ents. 2–

.

All carbon-oxygen bond lengths are e6#al in CO 3 .

.

All carbon-oxygen bond lengths are e6#al in C' 3COO'.

.

All carbon-oxygen bond lengths are e6#al in C' 3COO .

–

Which state!ents are correct?

'.

A.

 and  only

B.


C.


".

  and 

Which state!ent is correct abo#t !#ltiple bonding between carbon ato!s? A.

"o#b "o#ble le bond bondss are are for! for!ed ed by two two 7 bond bonds. s.

B.

"o#b "o#ble le bon bonds ds are are wea wea8e 8err tha than n sing single le bond bonds. s.









(.

1).

11.

12.

Which particles can act as ligands in co!plex ion for!ation? –

.

C)

.

4' 3

.

'2O

A.

 and  only

B.


C.


".

  and  –

Which state!ents correctly describe the 4O 2 ion? .

t can can be be rep repre rese sent nted ed by reso resona nanc ncee str str#c #ct# t#re res. s.

. .

t has has two two lon lonee pai pairs rs of elec electr tron onss on on the the 4 ato! ato!..

.

he 4 ato! is sp hybridi&ed.

2

A.

 and  only

B.


C.


".

  and 

Which is the s!allest bond angle in the : 0 !olec#le? A.

*+°

B.

)+*.0°

C.

)2+°

".

);+°

Which types of hybridi&ation are shown by the carbon ato!s in the co!po#nd C' 2 < C'−C'3? 

sp









1!.

A.

 and  only

B.


C.


".

  and 

dentify the types of hybridi&ation shown by the carbon ato!s in the !olec#le C'3C'2C'2COO'

14.

1".

.

sp

.

sp

.

sp

2

3

A.

 and  only

B.


C.


".

  and 

Which !olec#le is s6#are planar in shape? A.

=eO(

B.

= e: (

C.

5: (

".

5i:(

What is the hybridi&ation of nitrogen ato!s    and > in the following !olec#les? ' 24 4 '

I

' 4 4 '

2

II

III



I*



A.

sp

2

sp

B.

sp

3

sp

C.

sp

2

sp



>

2

sp

3

sp

3

3

sp

2

sp

2

sp

sp

2









1&.

1'.

1(.

2).

B.

56#are py pyra!idal *+ *+ °

C.

etrahedral )+ )+*°

".

rigonal py pyra!ida idal )+ °

2

What is the geo!etry of the bonds aro#nd an ato! with sp hybridi&ation? A.

2 bonds at );+°

B.

3 bonds at )2+ °

C.

2 bonds at *+ ° ) bond at );+ °

".

( bonds at )+*°

'ow !any sig!a $@% and pi $7% bonds are present in t he str#ct#re of 'C4? +

,

A.

)

3

B.

2

3

C.

2

2

".

3

)

'ow !any lone pairs and bonding pairs of electrons s#rro#nd xenon in the =e: ( !olec#le? Lone pairs

Bonding pairs

A.

(

;

B.

+

;

C.

+

(

".

2

(

$a% $a%

xpl xplai ain n the the !eani eaning ng of the the ter ter! ! hybridization. hybridization. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ -1

$b%

5tate 5tate the type type of hybri hybridi& di&ati ation on shown shown by the the carbo carbon n ato! in in the '–C '–C4 4 !olec# !olec#le le and and the n#!ber of σ and π bonds present in the C4 bond. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............









.......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................ ............ -4 -Tota$ & mar/s

21.

$i%

"raw "raw the ewis ewis str#c str#ct#r t#res es for carb carbon on !onox !onoxide ide carbon carbon diox dioxide ide and and the carbo carbonat natee ion. ion. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ -!

$ii%

dentify dentify the species species with the longest longest carboncarbon-oxyg oxygen en bond bond and and explain explain yo#r yo#r answer answer.. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ........................................................ ........................ -! -Tota$ % mar/s

22.

n )*0( in#s a#ling was awarded the Che!istry 4obel ri&e for his wor8 on the nat#re of the che!ical bond. Co9alent bonds are one exa !ple of intra!olec#lar bonding. xplain the for!ation of the following. $i%

@ bonding DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD











DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD -2

$iii%

do#ble bo bonds DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD -1

$i9%

triple bo bonds DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD -1 -Tota$ % mar/s

2!.

Ato!ic orbitals can !ix by hybridi&ation to for! new orbitals for bonding. dentify the type of hybridi&ation present in each of the three following !olec#les. "ed#ce and explain their shapes. $i%

O: 2 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD -!









DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD -! -Tota$ ( mar/s

24.

:or the following co!po#nds Cl3 Cl0 OCl3 $i% $i%

"raw "raw a ew ewis is str# str#ct ct#r #ree for for each each !ole !olec# c#le le in in the the gas gas phase phase.. $5how all non-bonding electron pairs.% .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. -!

$ii% $ii%

5tate 5tate the the shape shape of of each each !olec# !olec#le le and and predi predict ct the the bond bond angle angles. s. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. .............









.......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. -! -Tota$ 12 mar/s

2".

$i% $i%

xpl xplai ain n th the !ea !eani ning ng of the the ter ter! ! hybridization. hybridization. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. -1

$ii% $ii%

"isc# "isc#ss ss the the bond bondin ing g in in the the !ole !olec# c#le le C' C' 3C'C'2 with reference to •

the for!ation of @ and 7 bonds

•

the length and strength of the carbon-carbon bonds

•

the types of hybridi&ation shown by the carbon ato!s

.......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. .......................................................... ........................................................................................ .............................................................. ............................................. ............. -% -Tota$ & mar/s









describe how single and do#ble bonds differ. -4 -Tota$ ' mar/s

2'.

$i%

xplai xplain n why the the firs firstt ioni&a ioni&ation tion energy energy of !agn !agnesi esi#! #! is lower lower than than that that of of fl#ori fl#orine. ne. -2

$ii%

Write an e6#ation Write e6#ation to represent represent the the third third ioni&ati ioni&ation on energy energy of !agnesi#! !agnesi#!.. xplain xplain why why the the third ioni&ation energy of !agnesi#! is higher than that of fl#orine. -! -Tota$ " mar/s

2(.

"raw the ewis str#ct#res state the shapes and predict the bond angles for the following species. $i%

 Cl 0 -!

$ii%

5Cl2 -!

$iii%

–

Cl(

-! -Tota$ ( mar/s

!).

$a %

$i%

5tate the !eaning of the te ter! hybridization. hybridization. -1

$ii% $ii%

5tate 5tate the the type type of hybri hybridi& di&ati ation on aro# aro#nd nd the the carbon carbon ato!s ato!s in in C 1+ f#llerene dia!ond and graphite. -!

$iii $iii%%

xpl xplai ain n why why grap graphi hite te and and C1+ f#llerene can cond#ct electricity electricit y. -2

$b% $b%

$i% $i%

Co! Co!pare pare how how ato ato! !ic orbi orbita tals ls o9er o9erla lap p in in the the for for! !atio ation n of of sig sig!a !a $ σ% and pi $ π% bonds. -2

$ii% $ii%

5tate 5tate the the n#!b n#!ber er of of sig! sig!aa bond bondss and and pi bon bonds ds in in ' 2CC$C'3%C'C'2. -2 -Tota$ 1) mar/s









$9%

Esing able able  of the "ata Boo8le Boo8let t predict predict and explai explain n which which of the bonds bonds O-' O-' O-4 O-4 or 4-' wo#ld be !ost polar. -2 -Tota$ 1' mar/s

IB Chemistry HL Topic4 Topic4 0nsers 0nser s 1.

C

2.

A

!.

C

4. ".

C "

%.

C

&.

B

'. (.

" "

1).

B

11.

A

12.

C

1!.

C

14.

B











one sig!a and two pi $bonds%I $c %

2

$σ bond for!ed by% end-onGaxial o9erlapI electronsGelectron density between the two $carbon% ato!sG OW! I $7 bond for!ed by% sidewaysGparallel o9erlapI electronsGelectron density abo9e and below σ bondGOW! bondGOW! I "arks can be scored from from a suitable diagram. nd

(

th

Do not award 2 and # marks if electrons are not mentioned. &3

21.

$i% 2–

O C

O

O

C

C

O O

O

OW

3 2– CO3 for [1] .

Award Award [1] each. each. $eed charge on %enalize missing lone electron pairs only only once. $ii%

2–

CO3 I









2

sp I trigonal planarI 2 areas of electron densityGnegati9e charge centresI $iii%

( 2 ' 2 spI linearI 2 areas of electron densityGnegati9e charge centresI Accept suitable diagrams for shapes.

3

3

Allow [2] for for !(& if correct explanation gi)en for incorrect formula* e.g. ( 2 ' #. (3

24.

$i% Award Award [1] for for each correct +ewis structure. .C l C l

3

.

C l

C l .C l

0

C l C l C l

.









O C l

.

Cl

C l

C l

.

O

C l

C l

$ii% Cl3

Cl0

OCl3

trigonal pyra!idI

trigonal bipyra!idI

tetrahedralI

Accept answers in range )++, to )+;,I

*+, and )2+,I

Accept answers in range )++, to ))2,I

Allow !(& if based on legitimate chemical structure. structure.

1

$iii% Cl3

Cl0

OCl3

polar polarities polarities do not cancelGOWI

non-polar polarities polarities cancelGOWI

polar polarities polarities do not cancelGOWI 3

Award Award [2] for for three polarities correct* [1] for for two polarities correct* and [1] for for correct reasons/. Accept argument based based on dipole moments.









x x x x

x x x x

x x

x x

:

x x

x x

= e

x x

x x

:

x x

x x

x x

x x

x x

:

x x

:

x x

x x

.

x x

:

x x

:

x x

x x

x x

:

:

x x

6 lo n e p a i r s o n 7 e r e 8 u i r e d fo r t h e m a r k .

x x

x x

x x

x x

x x

x x

:

x x

:

x x

x x x x

x x

:

x x

B

:

x x

x x

I s 8 u a r e b r a c k e t s a n d c h a r g e r e 8 u i r e d f o r t h e m a r k .

x x x x :x x

Accept any combination of dots* crosses crosses and lines.









$b%

σ bonds

$res#lt fro! the% o9erlapping of orbitals end to endGalong inter-n#clear

axisI π bonds

$res#lt fro! the% o9erlapping of parallelGsideways p orbitalsI

$single bonds% σ bonds onlyI $do#ble bonds% ha9e a @ bond and a π bo bondI ,uitable clear and labelled diagrams acceptable for all marks.

( '3

2'.

$i%

electr electron on re!o re!o9ed 9ed fro! fro! highe higherr energ energy y le9el le9elGf# Gf#rth rther er fro! fro! n#cle# n#cle#sGg sGgrea reater ter ato!ic radi#sI increased rep#lsion by extra inner shell electronsGincreased shielding effectI

$ii%

2/

2

3/

Mg $g% → Mg $g% / eI $e9en tho#gh% 9alence electrons in the sa!e shellG!ain energy le9elG 2/

Mg has noble gas config#rationI Mg has greater n#clearGcore chargeG!ore protonsI

3 "3

2(.

$i%

C ll C ll

x

x

C ll

x

P. x

x

C ll

C ll

I











C l

C l

I

C l

C l

s6#are planarI

3

*+°I $o !(& allowed. %enalize once only [1] mark mark for missing lone pairs. Accept structures using lines to represent represent bonding and lone electron pairs. (3

!).

$a %

$i%

!ixingGco!bining of ato!ic orbitalsGOWI

$ii%

C1+ fullereneL fullereneL sp I

2

)









C l

C l

Cl0

I

C l

5ee-sawI

P6#atorial :-5-6#atorial :P N )2+,I Allow corresponding correct correct statement for axial-e8uatorial and axial-axial &-,-& angles.

C l :

5:(

56#are pyra!idalI

Pnplane Cl--o#t-of-plane ClP N *+,I Allow corresponding correct correct statement for other correctly identified bond angles.

C l

: 5

: :

I

* Accept crosses and dots dots for electrons in the +ewis structures also. ;f all ideal bond angles are gi)en* penalize once only. only. As the +ewis structures were asked asked for* and not 3D representations* representations* do not penalize incorrectly drawn geometries. $ii%

$iii%

$e6#atorial $e6#atorial :-5-e6#ator :-5-e6#atorial ial :% less less than than )2+, since non-bondin non-bonding g electr electron on pairs pairs $exert greater rep#lsi9e forces and th#s% co!press the bond anglesG OW!6 orbital orbital diagra! diagra! representat representation ion of of carbon carbon gro#nd gro#nd-state -state going to carbon carbon

)

Chem Topic 14 Questions + Answers

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