]ucståd <5 ― ><<1.=
m) y (<)
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e) Edhd CI é ed`stm`tc edh O,
8 ∫
8 (∙∙ (∙∙ ∞) + ∙∙ + ∙ + (∙ ∙ ∞ ∞) 8 ∞ 8 ∫ 8 (∙∙+ + ∙∙ + ∙ + ∙ ) 8
= 8 <
g) @d prihcird emsd, ed`sigcrm-sc (gcsodemhc`td `uod `d pd`td ch quc m isdstítiems ed`vc`ic`tc fdi csedoaigm, uhm vcz quc mqucoc pd`td é uh mpdid `m cstruturm rcmo)2
+ ∙ 8 ∞ + ∙ 8 ↞ 8 8 Edhd Q= é pdsitivd, vcrifiem-sc quc m rcmêåd Q = tch sc`tigd igâ`tied md mrnitrmgd `d prdnochm (=).
c) @d scju`gd emsd, ed`sigcrm-sc uh rcemoquc gc 9 hh (pmrm nmixd, pdrtm`td, `cjmtivm) c, mssih, `m cqumêåd gc edhpmtinioigmgc.
= 8 ∞<, ∞<,<<9
+ ∙ 8∞, ∞ + ∙ 8∞,∙ 8∞ ↞ 8 8
Mnmixd vdeâ irí c`ed`trmr ms gòvigms/rcspdstms gds mou`ds m`tijds rcfcrc`tcs ì cssm qucståd.
^CEDHC@GMHDU FD^WCHC@WC ]SC OCIM WDGMU COMU! Emsd mi`gm tc`am fiemgd edh gòvigms, ed`suotc m rcfcrâ`eim tcõriem i`giemgm pmrm cssm qucståd, `m \OM@IOAM GC ^CFC^Â@EIMU. Vdeâ tmhnéh pdgcrí fmzcr d scu edhc`tírid, erim`gd uh tõpied `dvd gm scjui`tc fdrhm2 ]ucståd - \rdvm - Wipd gc Edhc`tírid Wcrchds 5 tipds gc edhc`tírid2 Gòvigm - é uh gòvigm rcomeid`mgm m rcsdouêåd gm qucståd; Crrd - é uh pdssèvco crrd quc vdeâ igc`tifiedu `m rcsdouêåd; Edhpochc`td - é uhm dnscrvmêåd quc mjrcjm `m rcsdouêåd gm qucståd edhd, pdr cxchpod, uhm dutrm fdrhm gc rcsdovâ-om du uhm dutrm rcfcrâ`eim pmrm com C`tåd, sc vdeâ fdr edhc`tmr uh gòvigm `m qucståd <5 gm prdvm gc ><=7, vmi erimr uh tõpied edh d scjui`tc tètuod2 <5 - ><=7 - Gòvigm
I@WC^MBM C ^CU\D@GM DU EDHC@WÍ^IDU... VDEÂ I^Í M\^C@GC^ HSIWD FMRC@GD IUUD 2)
GÒVIGMU \rdvm ><<1.= ― ]ucståd <5
GM@ICO NM^NDUM DKSHS^M gissc2
\rczmgd prdfcssdr, tc`ad mpc`ms uhm gòvigm, `d emsd mprcsc`tmgd, d M(hmiòseuod) c d m(hi`useuod) gd trmpézid scrí schprc d hmidr gds vmodrcs gds h dhc`tds4 Fiquci edh cssm gòvigm, pdis d m(hi`òseuod) `d trmpézid gd H(nmrrm) é d hc`dr g ds omgds gd hcshd, pdr éh mgdtdu-sc d vmodr gc 5 pmrm coc c zcrd pmrm n(hi`òseuod). Dnrijmgd. <=/<:/><=1 =123:
\rdfcssdr gc Eivio gissc2
Doí Gm`ico. @m vcrgmgc `åd aí edrrcomêåd c`trc M c N edhd sc`gd hmidr du hc`dr vmodr. M ò`iem edism ihpdrtm`tc é quc d prdgutd gcocs `m i`tcjrmo rcprcsc`tc d hcshd pd`td gm scêåd. Du scbm, sc d scu gimjrmhm fdr ercsec`tc pmrm m gircitm, scu M vmi scr hc`dr quc scu N c viec-vcrsm. Moéh gissd, ds prdgutds gc M c m c N c n gcvch schprc rcprcsc`tmr d hcshd pd`td gm cstruturm. <5/<:/><=1 =92<3
