Ramces M. Soliman
Assignment # 3
CE-3B
Score______
Diference Difer ence between Clean Air and Dirty Air
Clean Air is air that that has no harmful levels of pollutants (dirt and chemicals) in Clean air is it. Clean air is is good for people to breathe. Clean Air is an odorless, colorless gas mixture. Excluding water vapor levels, which vary greatly, three major components of dry air !itrogen " #$.%&' xygen " %.&*' and Argon "%.&+' mae up about &&.&#' of it-s composition. An important minor component of natural air is Carbon ioxide " %.%+' (+%% ppm). /race gases in clean, natural air include 0ethane " %.%%%' ( ppm) 1 less than %.%%%2' (2 ppm) of 3ydrog 3yd rogen en,, !it !itrou rous s x xide ide,, 4o 4one ne an and d so some me no noble ble ga gase ses. s. 5y 5ynth ntheti etic c Ai Airr is al also so us used ed in 5C6A75C86A applications. /his type of air is produced by blending !itrogen and xygen gases in the proper proportions.
irty Air Dirty Air is the presence o substances in air in sucient concentration and or sucient time, so as to be, or threaten to be injurious to human, plant or animal lie, or to property, or which reasonably intereres with the comortable enjoyment o lie and property. An air pollutant pollutant that causes causes a dirty air arises from both both manmade manmade and natural natural processes. processes. 9ollu 9olluta tants nts are also also defin defined ed as primar primary y pollu polluta tants nts result resultin ing g from from combu combusti stion on of fuels fuels and and industrial operations and secondary pollutants, those which are produced due to reaction of prim primar ary y poll pollut utan ants ts in the the atmo atmosp sphe here re.. /he /he ambi ambien entt air air :ual :ualit ity y may may be defi define ned d by the the concentration of a set of pollutants which may be present in the ambient air we breathe in. /hese pollutants may be called criteria pollutants. Emission standards express the allowable conce concentr ntrati ation ons s of a conta contamin minan antt at the the point point of discha discharge rge befo before re any any mixing mixing with with the surrounding air. 6y combustion sources is meant operations were primarily fossil fuels, coal, natural gas, petrol, diesel and furnace oil are burnt to obtain energy. ther sources of pollutants include power plants, industrial boilers, domestic heating and automobiles.
Ramces M. Soliman
Assignment # 4
CE-3B
Score________
Difference between Clean Water and Dirty Water
Clean water is necessary for the survival of most living things. ;n fact, dehydration""the lac of water""will ill an organism faster than starvation""the lac of food. 5ince the plants and animals that many humans and other animals eat also depend upon water, a lac of it could lead to starvation as well as dehydration. ;n addition to sustaining life, clean freshwater is needed by humans for personal hygiene, irrigation, industry, and recreation. 3umans bathe in it, brush their teeth with it, use it to mae crops grow and to cool industrial reactors, and swim, boat, and fish in it.
!irty water happens when toxic substances enter water bodies such as laes, rivers, oceans and so on, getting dissolved in them, lying suspended in the water or depositing on the bed. /his degrades the :uality of water. !ot only does this spell disaster for a:uatic ecosystems, the pollutants also seep through and reach the groundwater, which might end up in our households as contaminated water we use in our daily activities, including drining. 5ome important definitions and causes of water pollutions are discussed here. irty water can be caused in a number of ways, one of the most polluting being city sewage and industrial waste discharge. ;ndirect sources of water pollution include contaminants that enter the water supply from soils or groundwater systems and from the atmosphere via rain.
wastes. /ypes of water pollutants 9ollutants can be of varying inds organic, inorganic, radioactive and so on. ;n fact, the list of possible water contaminants is just too vast to be listed here.
Ramces M.Soliman
Assignment # "
CE-3B
Score________
Diference between Clean Soil and Dirty Soil
Clean soil accommodates active and diverse populations of beneficial organisms, with plant pest populations minimi4ed by beneficial. ;t contains high levels of relatively fresh residues that provide beneficial with food. ;ncludes high levels of decomposed organic matter, which help it retain both water and readily leachable nutrients. Clean soil contains low levels of such toxic compounds as soluble aluminum and only low to moderate concentrations of salt. /his supports ade:uate levels of nutrients because excessive nutrients can mae the crop more attractive to insect pests or can increase the threat of surface or subsurface water pollution. ;t has a sufficiently porous surface, with many pores connected to subsoil to permit easy entry by rainfall or irrigation water. ;t has also good tilt that allows plant roots to easily penetrate large volumes of soil. Clean soil is also define as the continued capacity of soil to function as a vital living system, within ecosystem and land"use boundaries, to sustain biological productivity, promotes the :uality of air and water environments, and maintains plant, animal, and human health.
!irty soil is defined as the build"up in soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents, which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health. 5oil is the thin layer of organic and inorganic materials that covers the Earth-s rocy surface. /he organic portion, which is derived from the decayed remains of plants and animals, is concentrated in the dar uppermost topsoil. /he inorganic portion made up of roc fragments, was formed over thousands of years by physical and chemical weathering of bedroc. 9roductive soils are necessary for agriculture to supply the world with sufficient food. ;t was caused by, seepage from a landfill, discharge of industrial waste into the soil, percolation of contaminated water into the soil, rupture of underground storage tans ,excess application of pesticides, herbicides or fertili4er, solid waste seepage. 3aving a dirty soil is caused by the presence of man"made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. /his type of contamination typically arises from the rupture of underground storage lins, application of pesticides, and percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, oil and fuel dumping, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil. /he most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals. /his occurrence of this phenomenon is correlated with the degree of
industriali4ation and intensities of chemical usage. A soil pollutant is any factor which deteriorates the :uality, texture and mineral content of the soil or which disturbs the biological balance of the organisms in the soil. 9ollution in soil has adverse effect on plant growth.
