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Table Table of Content Section One – Introduction
Statement of problem
Rationale
Aims and Objectives
Literature Review
Section Two – Research Design
Research Design !lan
Selection of Sample
Data "ollection Instrument
Section Three – !resentation and Anal#sis of Data
!resentation of Data
Anal#sis of Data
Discussion of $indings
%ibliograph#
SECTION ONE Introduction
Statement of Problem To what e&tent has unemplo#ment contributed to an increase in the si'e of the population of communit# ()
Rationale %ased on observations that I have made within m# communit# it appears that unemplo#ed persons produce a larger amount of children than persons who attend school or who is emplo#ed fulltime* +hile stud#ing sociolog# I have come across theories that state that there is a co,relation between being emplo#ed and one-s famil# si'e as such I chose to research .to what e&tent has unemplo#ment contributed to an increase in population/ in m# own communit#.
Aim and Objectives Aim
To find out to what e&tent unemplo#ment contributes to an increase in the population si'e of communit# (
Objectives
To determine the factors in communit# (
To ascertain the relationship between unemplo#ed persons and their famil# si'es within m# communit#*
To discover the problems that has arised due to the increase of the population of communit#
(*
+hat measures can be ta0en to alleviate the impacts of unemplo#ment in communit# (*
Literature Review The perspective of population growth coined b# the functionalist Thomas Robert 1althus2 a %ritish clerg#man2 philosopher and economist strongl# believed that population growth was lin0ed to certain natural laws and claimed that food suppl# was the main limit to population growth * 1althus h#pothesi'ed that unchec0ed population growth would 3uic0l# e&ceed carr# capacit# leading to over population and social problems* Thomas 1althus warned that population growth would e&ceed resource growth rate leading to catastrophic chec0s on population* This would occur because population grew e&ponientl# while food suppl# grew arithmeticall# 2 he contrasted the wa# in which population and food suppl# grew* Thomas 1althus theor# therefore states that unemplo#ment is a societal factor which leads to an increase in population* Sociolog# themes and perspective written b# 1*4aralombos and 1*4olborn states that in 5678-s and 5698-s unemplo#ment became an important issue and so did population growth* :overnment statistics showed that unemplo#ment in these decades reached higher levels than at an# time since the Second +orld +ar* %etween 56;9 and 56<< the official unemplo#ment rate in the => averaged less than ?5@ of the wor0 force* It increased slightl# in the 56<8-s and then nearl# doubled in two #ears to 6* @ in 569?* =nemplo#ment statistics reach a pea0 in 569 B 569<2 in both #ears 55*9@ of the wor0 force were out of wor0* =nemplo#ment figures then began to fall steadil# reaching <*5@ in Cune 5696* In the period 56;9,56<< the numbers out of wor0 averaged about 82888* %# 5676 the figures were 52?882888 and then it rose rapidl# to reach an average of 2?962888 in 56<9* %# 1arch 5696 unemplo#ment statistics had fallen to two million and in Cune of the same #ear were 52 7;2 88* Other researches done showed that population increased at the same rate in the same #ears* As the unemplo#ment rate rose so did the population growth* Sociologist thereb# concluded that certain natural laws namel# reproduction results from unemplo#ed individuals who engage in se&ual activities as a hobb# when bored thus leading to procreation and an increase in population si'e* According to !earsons "ape Sociolog#2 itis precisel# stated that unemplo#ment in the "aribbean are mainl# the low s0illed women and older and less fit wor0ers* This group of people is easil# affected b# the man# changes that are ta0ing place in the "aribbean region* The theor# that immensel# contrasted* Thomas 1althus argued that wide spread mechani'ation2 automation and computeri'ation in factories and offices has resulted in a reduction in the demand for labour* In addition2 the c#clical nature of the "aribbean-s tourism and agricultural sector means that in the low periods2 unemplo#ment rates go up and povert# and population levels naturall# increase* As a result of those changes unemplo#ed persons thereb# has more time to procreate and as such the population grows causing changes and alteration which severel# affects the countr#-s econom# and its social status*
The essa# entitled unemplo#ment in relation of population growth published Cune ?85 in the International Cournal of Research in Social Science stated precisel# that different effects of unemplo#ment impact population* !s#chological effects of unemplo#ment in the current state of econom# continue to be a great stress* =nemplo#ed wor0ers e&perience ps#chological problems as an&iet#2 depression and other ps#chosomatic s #mptoms* As the most affected part of unemplo#ment appears to be mainl# the female se& followed b# #oung wor0ers as the# are not given the chance to e&perience their abilities to mar0et demands* Therefore females tend to resort to the sta# at home tradition which involves them managing a house hold and satisf#ing a man se&uall#2 hereb# resulting in pregnancies2 increased po pulation and further stress on societ#* After evaluating and selecting a suitable theor# to coerce with the statement of problem and identif#ing sources related to the causes and effects2 +orld watch institute blog included strategies that sociologist thin0 could counter wide spread population growth in relation to unemplo#ment* The main focus of population growth being caused b# unemplo#ment lead to voices that aided the implementation of this issue*.4ub pages/ of labour and industrial relations stated that there are two major strategies to reduce u nemplo#ment E these being increasing the aggregate demand and to wor0 on the suppl# side thus providing jobs to meet ever#one-s needs* In light of all these costs2 disadvantages and dangers 2 It becomes imperative to reduce unemplo#ment although it is a tough econom# and it re3uires patience and efforts but reducing unemplo#ment is alwa#s one of the biggest priorities for an# countr# hence controlling the increasing si'e of population is firstl# recommended b# +orld +atch Institute to convince leaders to commit to stabili'ing population growth through the e& ercise of human rights and human development * %# educating themselves on right,based population policies2 polic# ma0ers can ethnicall# and effectivel# address population related cha llenges b# empowering women to ma0e their reproductive choices and not be .wor0ed/ b# the opposing gender* In the same sense the legislation to eradicate gender bias from law2 economic opportunit#2 health and cu lture* +omen who cab own 2 inherit or manage propert#2 divorce obtain credit and participate in civic and political affairs on e3ual terms with men and are more li0el# to postpone child bearing and to women who are deprived of their rights* %eing entitled to rights li0e those enables a woman to own her life and to emplo# her own personal and social needs than to owned and entitled to demonstrate someone else* The blog further stated that to place prices on environmental costs and impacts generall# world limit population growth among the unemplo#ed 3uantif#ing the cost of an additional famil# b# calculating ta& and increased food costs2 couples ma# decide that the cost of having additional children is too high compared to benefits of a smaller famil# that might receive government rebates and have a lower cost of living* Such decisions freel# made b# women and couples can reduce birthrate thus countering population growth among the unemplo#ed populous F among =s*
SECTION TWO Researc !esi"n
Researc !esi"n To ascertain information in relation to m# statement of problem . to what e&tent does unemplo#ment contribute to an increase in population si'e/ the researcher decided to use the 3uantitative research design method* This method is an effective tool in that 3uestionnaire
Re3uires little time to be completed
:uarantees confidentialit# since respondents are not as0ed to attach their names and the data is easil# 3ualified To collect data2 printed 3uestionnaires were used as a primar# source being issued to respondents between the dates Canuar# 5stB $ebruar# ?9th ?85* Though the named method has its advantages one disadvantage is that there is no indication of the personal state of the respondents therefore most 3uestions ma# be answered biasl#*
Te Sam#le In deciding how to disseminate the 3uestionnaires among residents of "ommunit# G2 probabilit# sampling was used* 1ore specificall# simple random sampling was utili'ed instead of the 3uota sample method2 mainl# because unemplo#ment in coercion of population growth is a prevailing issue in this communit#* +ith over8 persons being unemplo#ed and the population drasticall# increasing from 58 to ?88 in the past #ears* In order to ma0e this research accurate and unbiased random sampling had to be selected as not all household is affected b# unemplo#ment* A total of 78 3uestionnaires were prepared for distribution and it was e&pected that at least 8 will be returned* The target group for m# stud# is mainl# residents between 59,; who are capable and willing to wor0 and is still able to reproduce* This surve# was done in the communit# of %erwic0 where population and unemplo#ment is on the rise*
!ata Collection Instrument %erwic0 District %og +al0 !*O St "atherine Canuar# 5st ?85 Dear Residents2 This is a surve# being carried out in %erwic0 District2 St*"atherine to determine to what e&tent unemplo#ment leads to an increase in population growth 2 thus stud# is being conducted as an internal assement for the "A!H Sociolog# course that I am pursing presentl#* (ou are as0ed to answer the following 3uestions b# placing a tic0 in the bo&es provided * I am Sabrina %rown a lower si& student at the Dinthill Technical 4igh School* (ours Sincerel# Sabrina %rown
$uestionnaires 5*
:ender
1ale
?*
$emale
To what age group do #ou belong) 59,?; ?, ,;
* Are #ou emplo#ed) (es
o
;* If no2 how long have #ou been unemplo#ed) Less than a #ear 5 #ear Over #ears
?, #ears
* 4ow long have #ou been a resident of this communit#) 5, #ears
<,58
Over 58 #ears
<* Do #ou see unemplo#ment as a prevailing issue) (es o 7* 4ow long has unemplo#ment been a major problem)
9* +hat are some of the activities #ou or other unemplo#ed persons engage in on a dail# basis)
6* 4ave #ou observed the increase in population over the past #ear) (es
o
58* Do #ou thin0 unemplo#ment is somehow lin0ed to an increase in population) (es o 55* +hat are the main causes of unemplo#ment in #our communit#) I* II* III* I*
+ide spread mechani'ation Automation and computeri'ation in factories :ender biases Other KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
5?* +hat gender is mainl# unemplo#ed) 1ale
$emale
5* The unemplo#ed has a KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK famil# si'e Small
1edium
Large
5;* Does an unemplo#ed person have a large famil# si'e) (es o 5* Seeing the increase in population in #our communit#2 what are some of the problems being encountered) I* II* III* I*
!ressure on the state Over crowded social institutes Less Cobs Other KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
5<* +hat are some of the major effects of population growth) =nemplo#ment !ressure on environment other KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Overcrowded cities
57* Is population growth a positive or negative sign for a countr#) (es o 59* $or number M57N 3uestion above2 !lease justif# #our answer
56* In what wa# is the government reacting to the whole unemplo#ment and population growth issue) !ositivel#
egativel#
?8* Do #ou thin0 more should be done) (es
o
?5* In #our own opinion2 what can be done to counter or control these raging issues
??* Do #ou see this idea as useful to the countr# in a wa# that the issues ma# be eliminated or reduced) (es o
SECTION T%REE Presentation and Anal&sis of !ata
Presentation of !ata A total of 78 3uestionnaires were distributed2 out of which 8 were returned
Wat are te main causes of unem#lo&ment' 0() /() .() -() ,() +() *() ()
$igure 5 bar graph showing main causes of unemplo#ment* :ender biases was stated as the leading cause of unemplo#ment with <8@2 58@ reported that another leading cause was wide spread automation while ?8@ stated computerisation in factories* 58@ stated other
Te relationsi# between unem#lo&ed #ersons and teir famil& si1e
.() -.) -() ,.) ,() +.) +() *.) *() .) () Small
2edium
Lar"e
$igure ? bar graph showing the famil# si'e of unemplo#ed persons* It was reported that unemplo#ed persons had a larger famil# si'e* This was stated b# 8@2 8@ highlighted that the# possess a famil# with a medium si'e while ?8@ stated that unemplo#ed persons had a small famil#*
Problems encountered from #o#ulation "rowt
Problem encountered
3re4uenc&
Percenta"e
!ressure on the state
8
<8@
Over crowded social institution
58@
Lesser jobs
7*
5@
Other
7*
5@
$igure fre3uenc# table showing problems encountered from population growth* <8@ stated pressure on state was a major problem encountered2 5@ lesser jobs and other options as main problem encountered* 58@ however stated that overcrowded institution was also a problem*
5nem#lo&ed and Em#lo&ed Percenta"e
,()
(es
o
0()
$igure ; shows the percentage of emplo#ed and unemplo#ed persons in %erwic0* 78@ of the respondents were unemplo#ed while 8@ were emplo#ed*
!o &ou observe an increase in #o#ulation '
7()
0()
/()
.()
-()
,()
+()
*()
() 6es
No
$igure shows the percentage of respondents who observe an increase in population in the communit# of %erwic0* 78@ stated that #es the# observed an increase while 8@ stated the# did not observe it*
Is #o#ulation "rowt ne"ative '
,()
0()
$igure < pie chart showing the percentage of the respondent-s views on whether or not population growth is negative* 78@ agreed to this while 8@ disagreed*
8ender mostl& em#lo&ed
+()
3emale
2ale
7()
$igure 7 pie chart showing the percentage of the gender mostl# unemplo#ed* Respondents stated that 98@ of female were unemplo#ed while ?8@ of male were unemplo#ed this was primaril# because of societal and gender issues*
Percenta"e at wic unem#lo&ment is lin9ed to #o#ulation "rowt 7() 0() /() .() Percenta"e at wic unem#lo&ment is lin9ed to #o#ulation "rowt
-() ,() +() *() () 6es
No
$igure 9 pie chart is showing percentage of unemplo#ment lin0ed to population growth* 78@ of the respondents stated that there was a relationship between unemplo#ment and population growth while 8@ disagreed*
%ow "overnment reacts to te issue of unem#lo&ment and #o#ulation "rowt Positive
2ediocre
Ne"ative
()
*()
+()
,()
-()
.()
/()
0()
$igure 6 bar graph showing the percentage of which the government reacts to the issue of unemplo#ment and population growth* It was reported that <8@ of the respondents saw the government performing at a mediocre level* The remaining ?8@ stated respectivel# that the government reacted in a positive wa# while the other ?8@ stated it was a negative reaction*
Activities unem#lo&ed #ersons en"a"e in
Activities
3re4uenc&
Percenta"e
Sports
58@
:ambling
58@
4ang on the streets
58
?8@
Other
8
<8@
$igure 58 fre3uenc# table showing activities unemplo#ed persons engage in* 58@ engage in sports2 ?8@ hang on the streets2 another 58@ gambled while another <8@ engaged in other activities e&le household duties etc*
Anal&sis of data The data collected from the research .to what e&tent does unemplo#ment leads to an increase in population si'e/ proved that these two issues coerce with each other significantl#* This thesis can be supported b# theoretical definition which states that population growth is the increase in population because of various societal factors* Thomas 1althus lin0ed the causes of population growth from the functionalist perspective that certain natural laws were the main factor* $rom the research conducted results obtained2 revealed that the main cause of unemplo#ment was due to gender biases* !at tradition are 0nown to be structured in a wa# that females are housewives and restricted from giving emplo#ment primaril# because the# are not seen as full# industrious as men* 98@ of the respondents stated that females had the highest populous of unemplo#ed persons* Technological changes such as wide spread mechani'ation2 computeri'ation and automation were listed e3uall# as the second leading cause of unemplo#ment* Other issues namel# lac0 of educ ation or the disabled were another cause of unemplo#ed selected b# another 58@ of the respondents who thought the causes of unemplo#ment stretched wa# be#ond the options listed above* !roblems that arise due to the increase in population were also surve#ed <8@ stated that pressure on the state was a ma#or problem as the# related to 1althus-s theor# which entailed information stating poor laws should be abolished * In this sense entities such as the !AT4 program would be eradication because it is seen to boost reproduction* 58@ stated that overcrowded social institutions particularl# school was severel# affected* The remaining 8@ listed lesson jobs and other issues as problems which resulted from population growth* A strateg# to counter these raging issues suggested b# respondents varies widel# as this was given in a short answer structure* The respondents however twisted the 3uestion to suit their opinion one stated that to reduce unemplo#ment #ou first have to reduce population2 this would be done b# firstl# campaigning on the use of contraceptives and secondl# b# casting laws that permit a house hold to onl# bear three off springs the most * These were seen as satisfactor# response as most of the answered received were rooted from this* =nemplo#ed is 0nown to be a prevailing issue and in the communit# of %erwic0*
AH+ccording to figure one in the communit# 78@ of the population was unemplo#ed while 8@ were emplo#ed* $igure ? further went on to detail that 78@ observed a drastic increase in the communit#-s population while 8@ was unsure of the changes* $igure lin0ed to figure ? somehow shows the percentage of respondents who saw this change as negative primar# because pressure will be placed on the societ# however 8@ stated it was positive as the# saw not onl# the communit# but the countr# as having a growing population* +hile unemplo#ment lead to an increase in population it is e&pected that famil# si'e will increase as well* These responds went on further to prove that unemplo#ment do lead to an increase in population si'e has 8@ stated that the unemplo#ed had a larger famil# si'e compared to other* The remaining 8@ however contrasted that a few passed medium B small si'e families* +hat does unemplo#ed persons do was another 3uestion as0ed 58@ stated respectivel# that the# engaged in sports and gambling while another ?8@ listed that the loitered on the street* 4owever a leading <8@ selected the option .other/ and e&panded on the fact that most of these were females and the males were the bread winner therefore se& was ultimatel# included in the plan as another option unemplo#ed persons engage in this leading to pregnancies and increased population* In this same issue the 3uestion was as0ed whether or not unemplo#ment lin0s to population growth and surprisingl# the majorit# M78@N agreed to this while 8@ stated no and disagreed* The final 3uestion viewed was entitled to show the percentage at which the government react to the issue of unemplo#ment and population growth and <8@ responded sa#ing the attention towards the issue was at mediocre leve l while ?8@ stated respectivel# that the reaction was negative and positive*
!iscussion of 3indin"s and Conclusion $rom the research conducted in the communit# of %erwic0 on the e&tent to which unemplo#ment leads to an increase in population it was revealed that unemplo#ed persons have a larger famil# si'e compared to persons who are emplo#ed this was primaril# because unemplo#ed persons have more time to engage in se&ual activities compared to the wor0ing class* The second finding was that gender biases was seen as the main cause of unemplo#ment* $emales are rendered non,industrious especiall# when in the reproductive state therefore this such bias leads the causes of unemplo#ment in this communit#* Thirdl# pressure on the state was listed to be the main problem encountered from population growth because as the population increase unemplo#ment became more rampant and entities such as !AT4 were comfort to these individuals as it encourage them to reproduce* $inall# to abolish poor laws was the suggestion agreed on b# majorit# of the respondents to alleviate the issue of unemplo#ment and population growth* In the beginning of the research a few aims were set out to be achieved* %ased on the findings it was concluded that unemplo#ment do lead to an increase in population* In tr#ing to counter this issue of unemplo#ment and population growth the researcher recommends the strategies of Thomas 1althus being preventative chec0s which entails fertilit# control and positive chec0s which focus on mortalit#* 1althus regarded these as positive because the# are capable of restricting unchec0 population growth*
!ublisher2 third edition 5668 Lo0u Afrim2 Deda :amend2 P=nemplo#ment in Relation Of :rowth !opulationP International Cournal of Research In Social Science >osovo* Cune ?85 olume umber
? asser 1ustapha Sociolog# for the "aribbean second edition ?858 "arlton "hinapoo2 orma Cames 1aureen Lee,!aisle# !earson "ape Sociolog# unit 5 and ? first edition ?85? Labour and Industrial Relations Research !aper ?886 "auses and Hffects of !opulation :rowth* +orld +atch Institute blog
