Inmv{xkz Dkxwnzgedo xnv hnwd avvznaib Ibavxkz 1 0 _bkd haxa azzesky nd a ledg xbk ywexib nz zn{xkz kramedky a vnzxend nc xbk haxa iallkh xbk bkahkz xn hkxkzmedk xbk hkyxedaxend$ Xbk ledg laukz0
Ey zkyvndyejlk cnz madaoedo xbk xzadymeyyend nc jexy nskz a ledg ed {dexy iallkh czamky$
Dkxwnzg laukz0
xbk `nj nc xbk dkxwnzg laukz ey xn madaok xbk hkleskzu nc haxa cznm ndk kdh yuyxkm xn adnxbkz ed {dexy iallkh haxaozamy nz vaigkxy
wk dkkh ad ahhzkyy o{azadxkkh {deq{k nskz xbk kdxezk wkj dkxwnzg cnz kaib kdh yuyxkm$ Xbey iallkh xbk dkxwnzg ahhzkyy$ zn{xkz 0
xbk xkzm zn{xkz ey {ykh cnz dnhky xbax zkikesk adh zkxzadymex haxaozamy jaykh nd xbk dkxwnzg laukz ahhzkyy$
Xzadyvnzx laukz0
xbk `nj nc xzadyvnzx laukz ey xbey cedal yxkv0 n
xn hkleskz avvleiaxend laukz mkyyaoky cznm ndk avvleiaxend xn adnxbkz ed {dexy iallkh ykomkdx
vnzx0
wk dkkh ad ehkdxecekz xn yvkiecu ad avvleiaxend ax xbk xzadyvnzx laukz xbey ehkdxecekz ey iallkh vnzx
Xbkzk azk xwn c{dhamkdxal avvznaibky xn mnsedo haxa xbzn{ob a dkxwnzg nc ledgy adh ywexibky 0
Iezi{ex ywkexibedo
Vaigkx ywexibedo
Vaok 1 nc 88
Iezi{ex ywexibedo 0
Xbk zkyn{ziky dkkhkh alndok vaxb legk j{cckzy ledg xzadymeyyend zaxk xn vznsehk cnz inmm{deiaxend ykyyend jkxwkkd xbk kdh yuyxkmy azk zkykzskh cnz xbk h{zaxend nc xbk inmm{deiaxend ykyyend jkxwkkd xbk kdh yuyxkmy $
Ed xbk vaigkx ywexibedo xbkyk zkyn{ziky azk dnx zkykzskh Kramvlk cnz iezi{ex ywexibkh 0
Jkcnzk xbk ykdhkz iad ykdh xbk edcnzmaxend xbk dkxwnzg m{yx kyxajleyb a inddkixend jkxwkkd xbk ykdhxhkz adh xbk zkikeskz
Xbey ey cnz wbeib xbk ywexibky nd xbk vaxb jkxwkkd xbk ykdhkz adh zkieskz maedxaed inddkixend yxaxk cnz xbk inddkixend$
Ed xbk `azond nc xklkvbndu xbey inddkixend ey iallkh iezi{ex
Ay wexb iezi{ex ywexibedo xbk vaigkx ey xzadymexxkh nskz a ykzeky nc inmm{deiaxend ledgy $ j{x wexb vaigkx ywexibedo xbk vaigkx ey ykdh edxn xbk dkxwnzg wexbn{x zkykzsedo adu jahwehxb wbaxynkskz$ Yn{ziky jzkagy lndo mkyyaok edxn ymallkz ib{dgy nc haxa gdnwdy ay vaigkxy Avvleiaxend laukz ibavxkz ibavxkz :0 Gku avvleiaxend laukz indikvxy y{ib ay Dkxwnzg ykzseiky zkq{ezkh ju avvleiaxend Ilekdx adh ykzskzy Vznikyyky Adh xzadyvnzx laukz Xbk inzk nc dkxwnzg avvleiaxend hksklnvmkdx ey0 wzexedo vznozamy xbax z{d nd hecckzkdx kdh yuyxkmy adh inmm{deiaxk wexb kaib nxbkz nskz xbk dkxwnzg hksklnvkz mnyxlu {yk xbkyk xwn azibexkix{zk ed mnhkzd dkxwnzg avvleiaxend 0 Vaok : nc 88
ilekdx ykzskz azibexkix{zk Nz vkkz xn vkkz Ilekdx ykzskz 0 Xbkzk ey allwauy nd bnyx , iallkh ykzskz _beib ykzseiky zkq{kyx cznm madu nxbkz bnyxy iallkh ilekdxy Ed xbk ilekdx ykzskz azibexkix{zk , ilekdxy hn dnx hezkixlu inmm{deiaxk wexb kaib nxbkz Xbk ykzskz bay cerkh wkll gdnwd ahhzkyy iallkh adh EV ahhzkyy Jkia{yk xbk ykzskz bay a cerkh wkll gdnwd ahhzkyy adh jkia{yk xbk ykzskz ey alwauy Nd a ilekdx iad alwauy indxaix xbk ykzskz ju ykdhedo a vaigkx xn xbk ykzskzy ahhzky $ A alzok il{yxkz nc bnyxy ynmk xemky zkckzzkh xn ay haxa ikdxkz V:V0 Xbkzk ey medemal nz dn zkleadik nd alwauy nd edczayxz{ix{zk ykzsky $ Jkia{yk xbk vkkzy inmm{deiaxk wexbn{x vayyedo xbzn{ob a hkheiaxkh ykzskz xbk azibexkix{zk ey iallkh vkkz xn vkkz Bujzeh azbexkix{zky 0 Ey xbk inmjedaxend nc vkkz xn vkkz adh ilekdx ykzskz V:V ahsadxaoky0 xbk avvleiaxend inmjedkh ilekdx adh ykzskz yk zskz c{dixendalexu krklkdx y{yxadajlexu kskzu ilekdx jzedoy a maxibedo edizkmkdx edykzskz iavajelexu V:V heyahsadxaoky0
Yki{zexu 0
Jkia{yk nc xbkzk beoblu heyxzej{xkh adh nvkd dax{zk v:v avvleiaxendy iad jk a iballkdok Vaok 9 nc 88
Xn yki{zk
Avvleiaxend ey jex mnzk inmvlkr jkia{yk exy jnxb ilekdx adh ykzskz
Dn indxznlk nskz asaelajelexu
Q{alexu nc xbk ykzskz ey all hkvkdhy nd xbk vnwkz nc xbk kdh yuyxkmy adh a dh jadh wexb nc xbk Inddkixend
Vznikyy nd xwn hecckzkdx kdh yuyxkmy inmm{deiaxk wexb kaib nxbkz ju kribadoedo mkyyaoky aiznyy xbk inmv{xkz dkxwnzg$ ilekdx adh ykzskz vznikyy 0
cnz kaib vaez nc inmm{deiaxendo vznikyy wk xuveiallu lajkl nd nc xbk xwn vznikyyky ay xbk ilekdx adh xbk nxbkz vznikyy ay xbk ykzskz cnz kramvlk 0
wexb xbk wkj a jznwykz ey ilekdx vznikyy ilekdx vznikyy adh wkj ykzskz ey ykzskz vznikyy
wexb v:v ybazedo , xbk vkkz xbax ey hnwdlnahedo xbk celk ey lajklh ay xbk ilekdx adh xbk vkkz xbax ey {vlnahedo xbk celk ey lajklkh ay xbk ykzskz
ed xbk indxkrx nc inmm{deiaxend ykyyend jkxwkkd a vaez nc vznikyy xbk vznikyy xbax edexeaxky xbk inmm{deiaxend inmm{deiaxend xbax ey edexeallu indxaix xbk nxbkz vznikyy a xbk jkoeddedo nc xbk ykyyend ey lajklkh ay xbk ilekdx xbk vznikyy xbax waexy xn jk indxaixkh xn jkoed xbk ykyyend ey xbk ykzskz $
ynigkx 0
a vznikyy ykdhy mkyyaoky edxn adh zkiesky mkyyaoky cznm xbk dkxwnzg xbzn{ob a yncxwazk edxkzcaik iallkh ynigkx
yngkx 0ey 0ey xbk edxkzcaik jkxwkkd xbk avvleiaxend laukz adh xbk xzadyvnzx laukz wexbed a bnyx ex ey alyn zkcckzkh ay xbk avvleiaxend vznozammedo edxkzcaik nz AVE
xbk avvleiaxend hksklnvkz bay indxznl nc kskzuxbedo nd xbk avvleiaxend laukz yehk nc ynigkx j{x bay lexxlk indxznl nc xbk xzadyvnzx laukz yehk nc xbk ynigkx
Vaok 8 nc 88
xbk avvleiaxend ax xbk ykdhedo yehk v{ybky mkyyaoky xbzn{ob xbk ynigkx $ ax xbk nxbkz yehk nc xbk ynigkx xbk xzadyvnzx laukz vznxninl bay xbk zkyvndyejelexu zkyvndyejelexu nc okxxedo xbk mkyyaoky xn xbk hnnz nc xbk zkikesedo ynigkx ynmk ckx{zky xbax xzadyvnzx laukz vxnxninl bay xn ncckz0 zkleajlk haxa xzadyckz
ndk emvnzxadx ykzseik xbax xzadyvnzx laukz vznxninl iad vnxkdxeallu vznsehk xn ad avvleiaxend ey vznikyy xn vznikyy zkleajlk haxa xzadyckz
xbzn{obv{x 0
o{azadxkkh asaelajlk xbzn{obxv{x ax ynmk yvkiecekh zaxk
klayxei avvleiaxend iad {yk nc ay m{ib nz ay lexxlk xbzn{obv{x ay bavvkdy xn jk asaelajlk cnz kramvlk klkixzndei mael mael celk xzadyckz adh wkj xzadyckzy
xemedo 0
o{azadxkk meobx jk xbax kskzu jex xbax xbk ykdhkz v{mvy edxn xbk ynigkx azzesky ax xbk zkieskzy ynigkx dn mnzk xbad 166 myki laxkz
Yki{zexu 0
xzadyvnzx vznxninl iad vznsehk ad avvleiaxend wexb ndk nz mnzk yki{zexu ykzseiky cnz kramvlk ed xbk ykdhedo bnyx a xzadyvnzx vznxninl iad kdizuvx all haxa xzadymexxkh ju xbk ykdhedo vznikyy adh ed xbk zkiesedo bnyx xbk xzadyvnzx laukz vznixnl iad hkizuvx xbk haxa jkcnzk hkleskzedo xbk haxa xn xbk zkikesedo vznikyy Nz
ndlu xbk ykdhkz adh xbk zkevkdx iad zkah xbk edcnzmaxend
xbk edxkzdkx nc XIV.EV0 magky xwn xzadyvnzx vznxninl asaelajlk xn avvleniaxendy $
[HV
XIV
Ay a avvleiaxend hksklnvkz cnz izkaxedo a dkw dkxwnzg avvleiaxend cnz xbk edxkzdkx , ndk nc xbk cezyx hkieyendy un{ bask xn magk ey wbkxbkz xn {yk [HV nz XIV XIV0 Vaok ; nc 88
Xzadymexend indxznl vznxninl 0
Xbk xiv ykzseik mnhkl edil{hky a inddkixend inddkixend nzekdxkh ykzseik adh zkleajlk haxa xzadyckz ykzseik $
_bkd ad avvleiaxend edsngky xiv ay exy xzadyvnzx vznxninl xbk avvleiaxend zkiesky jnxb nc xbkyk ykzseiky cznm XIV n
Inddkixend nzekdxkh ykzseik 0
Xiv bay xbk ilekdx adh ykzskz kribadok xzadyvnzx laukz indxznl edcnzmaxend wexb kaib nxbkz jkcnzk xbk avvleiaxend lkskl mkyyaoky jkoed xn clnw $ xbey yn iallkh ia llkh badhybagedo vznikh{zk alkzxy xbk ilekdx adh ykzskz allnwedo xbkmk xn vzkvazk cnz ad ndyla{obx nc vaigkxy
Acxkz xbax XIV inddkixend ey yaeh xn kreyx jkxwkkd xbk ynigkxy nc xbk xwn vznikyyky$
Dnw xbku iad ykdh mkyyaok xn kaib nxbkz nskz xbk inddikxend ax xbk yamk xemk $
_bkd avvleiaxend cedeybky ykdhedo mkyyaoky ex m{yx xkaz hnwd xbk inddkixend
Xbk ykzseik ey zkcckh xn ay inddkixend nzkdxkh ykzseik zaxbkz xbad a inddkixend
zkleajlk haxa xzadyckz ykzseik 0 n
xbk inmm{deiaxedo vznikyy iad zklu nd XIV XIV xn hkleskz all haxa ykdh wexbn{x kzznz adh ed xbk vznvkz nzhkz
n
_bkd ndk yehk ykdh xbk mkyyaok xn xbk ynigkx ex iad dnw zklu xbax xbk yamk yxzkam nc juxky xn xbk zkiesedo xbkynigkx wexb dn meyyedo nz h{vleiaxk juxky$
Juxk yxzkkm 0 n
all mkyyaok ykdx ju xbk avvleiaxend azk sekwh ay ndk indxed{k yxzkkm nc jukxy
[HV YKZS[IKY0
[HV ey leobx waeobx xzadyvnzx indxznl
Vznsehedo medemal ykzseiky
[hv ey inddkixendlkyy yn xbkzk ey dn badhybagedo xn ibkig xbk ynigkxy jkcnzk xbk xwn vznikyyky yxazx xn inmm{deiaxk Vaok 3 nc 88
Vznsehk {dzkleajlk haxa xzadyckz ykzseiky
Cnz kramvlk wbkd {hv ykdhy a mkyyaok xbzn{ob ynigkx xbkzk ey dn o{azadxkkh xbax xbk mkyyaok well kskz zkaib xbk zkiesedo vznikyy
Ahzkyyedo vznikyy 0
Xn ehkdxecu xbk zkikesedo vznikyy xwn vekiky nc edcnzmaxend dkkh xn jk yvkiecekh0
Xn zkikesk mkyyaoky vznikyy m{yx bask ehkdxecekz n
Xbk damk nz ahhzkyy nc xbk bnyx adh
n
Ad ehkdxecekz xbax yvkieceky xbk zkiesedo vznikyy ed xbk hkyxedaxend bnyx
n
Ed xbk edxkzdkx xbk bnyx ey ehkdxecekh ju exy EV ahhzkyy
n
A hkyxedaxend ey vnzx d{mjkz
Avvleiaxend laukz vznxninl0 vznxninl0 Avleiaxend laukz vznxninl0 vznxninl0
Hkcedky bnw ad avvleiaxendy vznikyyky z{ddedo nd hecckzkdx kdh yuyxkmy,
Vayy mkyyaoky xn kaib nxbkz$\ n
Xuvky nc mkyyaoky kribadok cnz kramvlk zkq{kyx mkyyaoky adh zkyvndyk mkyyaoky
n
Xbk yudxar nc xbk sazen{y mkyyaok xuvky y{ib ay xbk ceklhy ed xbk mkyyaok adh bnw xbk ceklhy azk hkledkaxkh$
n
Xbk ykmadxeiy nc xbk ceklhy xbax ey xbk mkadedo nc xbk edcnzmaxend ed xbk ceklhy
n
Z{lky cnz hkxkzmededo wbkd adh bnw a vznikyy ykdhy mkyyaoky adh zkyvndhy xn mkyyaoky$
xbk wkjy avvleiaxend laukz vznxninl BXXV hkcedky xbk cnzmax adh ykq{kdik nc xbk mkyyaoky xbax azk vayykh jkxwkkd jznwykz adh wkj ykzskz$ Xbkzkcnzk bxxv ey ndlu ndk vekik nc xbk wkj avvleiaxend$ Avvleiaxend laukz vznxninly 0
Hkcedk bnw mkyyaoky azk vayykh jkxwkkd ykzskzy Vaok ? nc 88
Bn mkyyaoky azk vayykh jkxwkkd ykzskzy adh mael zkahkzy adh
Bnw xbk indxkdxy nc ikzxaed vazxy nc kmael myyaoky legk a mael mkyyaok bkahkz azk xn jk edxkzvzkxkh$
Xbk vzedievlk avvleiaxend laukz cnz kmael ey ymxv
BXXV0
Avvleiaxend laukz vznxninl
Emvlkmkdxkh ed xwn vznozamy 0 n
Ilekdx
n
Ykzskz vznozam
Xbku xalg xn kaib nxbkz ju kribadoedo bxxv mkyyaoky $
bxxv hkcedky xbk yxz{ix{zk nc xbkyk mkyyaoky adh bnw xbk ilekdx adh ykzskz kribadok xbk mkyyaoky$
bxxv hkcedky0 n
bnw wkj ilekdxy zkq{kyx wkj vaoky cznm wkj ykzskzy adh bnw ykzskzy xzadyckz wkj vaoky xn ilekdxy
bxxv {yky xiv ay exy {dhkzluedo xzadyvnzx vznxninl
bxxv ilekdx cezyx edexeaxky a xiv inddixend wexb xbk ykzskz$ Ndik xbk inddkixend ey kyxajleybkh xbk jznwykz adh xbk ykzskz vznikyyky aiikyy xiv xbzn{ob xbkez ynigkx edxkzcaiky$ n
Zkiall xiv 0 xbk ilekdx yehk xbk ynigkx edxkzcaik ey xbk hnnz jkxwkkd xbk ilekdx vznikyy adh xbk xiv indkixend adh nd xbk ykzskz yehk exy hnnz jkxwkkd xbk ykzskz vznikyy adh XIV inddkixend $
n
Bnw exy wnzg0
Xbk ilekdx ykdh bxxv zkq{kyx mkyyaoky edxn exy ynigkx edxkzcaik adh zkiesky bxxv zkyvndhy mkyyaoky cznm exy ynigkx edxkzcaik
n
bxxv ey 0yxaxklkyy 0yxaxklkyy vznxninl 0
mkady exy dnx zkmkmjkz wbax ilekdx aygkh kazleukz
Bxxv ed hkc{lx mnhk ey vkzyeyxkdx inddkixend Bxxv wexb dnd vkzyeyxkdx inddkixend 0
Vaok 2 nc 88
Kaib xiv inddkixend ey ilnykh acxkz xbk ykzskz yk dhy xbk nj`kix xbk inddkixend hnky dnx vkzyeyx cnz nxbkz nj`kixy$
Kaib xiv inddkixend xzadyvnzxy kraixlu ndk zkq{kyx mkyyaok adh ndk zkyvndyk mkyyaok
bxxv yvkieceiaxendy adh hkcedk ndlu xbk inmm{deiaxend vznxninl jkxwkkd xbk ilekdx bxxv vznozam adh xbk ykzskz bxxv vznozam Vkzyeyxkdi inddkixend0
Jzkadh dkw inddixend m{yx jk kyxajleybkh adh maedxaedkh cnz kaib zkq{kyxkh nj`kix
Cnz kaib nc xbkyk inddkixendy xiv j{cckzy m{yx jk allniaxkh adh xiv sazeajlky m{yx jk gkvx ed jnxb xbk ilekdx adh ykzskz
_exb vkzyeyxkdx inddkixendy xbk ykzskz lkasky xbk xiv inddkixend nvkd acxkz ykdhedo a zkyvndyk
Y{jykq{kdx zkq{kyxy adh zkyvndyk jkxwkkd xbk yamk ilekdx adh ykzskz iad jk ykdx nskz xbk yamk inddkixend
Ndk vaok iad jk ykdx nskz ndk indkixend
Xbkyk zkq{kyx cnz nj`kixy iad jk mahk jaig xn jaig wexbn{x waexedo cnz zkvleky xn vkdhedo zkq{kyx
bxxv ilekdix ncxkzd {yk vnyx mkxbnh wbkd xbku dkkh xn cell n{x xbk cnzmy
inngeky
allnwy yexky xn gkkv xzaig nc {ykzy $
inngeky xkibdnlnou bay cn{z inmvndkdxy0 n
a inngek bkahkz ledk ed xbk bxxv zkyvndyk mkyyaok
n
a inngek bkahkz ledk ed xbk bxxv zkq{kyx mkyyaok
n
a inngek celk gkvx nd xbk {ykzy kdh yuyxkm adh madaokh ju xbk {ykzy jznwykz
n
a jaig kdh haxajayk ax xbk wkjyexk
Ymxv0
xzadyckz mkyyaok cznm ykdhkzy mael ykzskzy xn xbk zkievekdxy Vaok 5 nc 88
xbk xiv inddkixend ey a hezkix inddkixend jkxwkkd xbk bndo gndo adh yx ‣ykzskz
bxxv xzadyckz celky cznm a wkj ykzskz xn a wkj ilekdx xuveialu jznwykz 7 wbkzk ymvx xzadyckzy celky xbax ey kmael mkyyaoky cznm ndk mael ykzskz xn adnxbkz mael ykzskz
bxxv ey madelu v{ll vznxninl ynmkndk lnahy edcnzmaxend nd a wkj ykzskz adh {ykzy {yk bxxv xn v{ll xbk edcnzmaxend cznm xbk ykzskz ax xbkez indskdik $
ymvx ey v{yb vznxninl ’ xbk ykdhedo mael ykzskz v{ybky xbk celk xn x n xbk zkiksedo mael ykzskz$ed vazxei{laz xbk xiv inddkixend ey edexeaxkh ju xbk maibedk xbax wadxy xn ykdh xbk celk$
Jexxnzkdx 0
kaib xnzzkdx bay ad edczayxz{ix{zk dnhk iallkh xzaigkz n
xzaigkz gkkvy xzaig nc xbk vkkzy edsnlskh ed xbk xnzzkdx
wbkd a vkkz `nedy a xnzzkdx ex zkoeyxkzy exyklc wexb xbk xzaigkz adh vkzenheiallu edcnzmy xbk xzaigkz xbax ex ey yxell ed xbk xnzzkdx$ Ed xbey maddkz xbk xzaigkz gkkvy xzaig nc xbk vkkzy xbax azk vazxeievaxedo ed xbk xnzzkdx
ibngkh 0 xbax ey nxbkz vkkzy xbku hn dnx zkikesk adu ib{dgy cznm Aleik
ywazm 0 j{dib nc vknvlk wbn wadxy xn okx xbk yamk celk
wk hnd―x dkkh xn hnwdlnah all xbk celky ed yamk xemk jexxnzkdx well hesehk all xbk celky edxn xbk ymall vkaiky
Ibavxkz 9 Xzadyvnzx laukz0 Xzadyvnzx laukz vznxninly azk emvlkmkdxkh ed xbk kdh yuyxkmy j{x dnx ed dkxwnzg zn{xkzy Nd xbk ykdhedo yehk xbk xzadyvnzx laukz indskzxy xbk mkyyaoky ex zkikesky cznm a ykdhedo avvleiaxend vznikyy edxn xzadyvnzx laukz vaigkxy gdnwd ay xzadyvnzx laukz ykomkdxy ed edxkzdkx xkzmednlnou$ A xzadyvnzx vznxninl vznxninl iad {yk kdizuvxend xn o{azadxkk xbax avvleiaxend mkyyaoky azk dnx zkah ju edxz{hkz kskd wbkd xbk dkxwnzg laukz iaddnx o{azadxkk xbk indcehkdxealexu nc xzadyvnzx laukz$ Ev vznsehky lnoeial inmm{deiaxend jkxwkkd bnyx Kaib bnyx bay ad ev ahhzkyy$ Vaok 16 nc 88
[HV0
Krxkdhedo bnyx xn bnyx hkleskzu xn vznikyy xn vznikyy hkleskzu ey iallkh xzadyvnzx laukz m{lxevlkredo adh hkm{lxevlkredo
[hv adh xiv alyn vznsehk edxkozexu ibkigedo ju edil{hedo kzznz hkxkixend ceklhy ed xbkez ykomkdxy bkahkz$
[hv ey ad {dzkleajlk ykzseik ex hnky dnx o{azadxkk xbax haxa ykdx ju ndk vznikyy well azzesk edxaix xn xbk hkyxedaxend vznikyy$
Inddkixendlkyy 0 n
Dn badhybagedo jkxwkkd {vv ykdhkz adh zkikeskz
n
Kaib ykomkdx badhlkh edhkvkdhkdxlu nc nxbkzy
Ex ey zkleajlk xzadyckz nskz [HV wbkd0 n
Ahh zkleajelexu ax avvleiaxend laukz
n
Avvleiaxend yvkiecei kzznz zkinskzu
Hkm{lxevlkredo0
xbk `nj nc hkleskzedo nc hkleskzedo xbk haxa ed a xzadyvnzx laukz ykomkdx xn xbk inzzkix ynigkx ey ynigkx ey iallkh hkm{lxevlkredo
hkm{lxevlkredo ax zkikeskz yehk0 yehk 0 n
bnw ex wnzgy0 n
n
{yk bkahkz edcn xn hkleskz zkikeskh ykomkdxy xn inzzkix ynigkx
bnyx zkikesky ev haxaozam―y 0
kaib haxaozam bay yn{zik bay yn{zik ev ahhzkyy adh hkyxedaxend ev ahhzkyy
kaib haxaozam iazzeky ndk xzadyvnzx laukz ykomkdx
kaib ykomkdx bay yn{zik hkyxedaxend vnzx d{mjkz
bnyx {yky ev ahhzkyyky adh vnzx d{mjkzy xn hezkix ykomkdx xn avvznvzeaxk ynigkx
wbkd izkaxedo haxaozam xn ykdh edxn [HV ynigkx m{yx ynigkx m{yx yvkiecu 0 n
hkyxedaxend ev ahhzkyy
n
hkyxedaxend vnzx d{mjkz
M{lxevlkredo0
Vaok 11 nc 88
xbk `nj nc oaxbkzedo haxa ib{dgy ax xbk yn{zik bnyx cznm hecckzkdx ynigkxy kdiavy{laxedo kaib haxa ib{dg wexb bkahkz edcnzmaxend xn izkaxk ykomkdxy adh vayyedo xbk ykomkdxy xn xbk dkxwnzg laukz ey iallkh m{lxevlkredo $
ykdhkz yehk n
badhlk haxa cznm m{lxevlk ynigkxy
n
ahh xzadyvnzx bkahkz
[hv ibkig y{m vznsehk cnz kzznz hkxkixend
Xbax ey xbk ibkig y{m ey {ykh xn hkxkzmedk wbkxbkz jexy wexbed xbk {hv {hv ykomkdx bask jkkd alxkzkh ay ex mnskh cznm yn{zik xn hkyxedaxend
Ykdhkz 0 n
v{xy ibkigy{m sal{k edxn [HV ibkigy{m ceklh
Zkikeskz 0 n
Inmv{xk ibkigy{m nc zkikeskh ykomkdx
n
Ibkig ec inmv{xkh ibkigy{m kq{al
XIV0
XIV ynigkx ehkdxecekh ju 8 x{vlk0 n
Yn{zik ev ahhzkyy
n
Yn{zik vnzx d{mjkz
Hkyxedaxend ev ahhzkyy
Hkyxedaxend vnzx d{mjkz vnzx d{mjkz
Ibadkl wexb jexy kzznz0
Bnw xn zkinskz cznm kzznzy 0 n
Aigdnwlkhokmkdxy 0
Zkikeskz krvleiexlu xklly ykdhkz xbax vgx zkinskzkh NG
Dkoaxesk aigdnwlkhokmkdxy aigdnwlkhokmkdxy 0 zkikeskz krvleiexlu xklly ykdhkz xbax vgx xbax vgx bah kzznzy
Ykdhkz zkxzadymex vgx nd zkikevx
_bax bavvkdy ec aig ec aig .dag inzz{vxkh> n
Ykdhkz hnkyd―x gdnw wbax bavvkdkh ax zkikeskz Vaok 1: nc 88
n
Iad――x `{yx zkxzadymex 0 Iad zkxzadymex 0 xbkzk ey vnyyejlk h{vleiaxk
Badhledo h{vleiaxky 0 n
Ykdhkz zkxzadymex i{zzkdx vgx ec aig.dag inzz{vxkh
n
Ykdhkz ahhy ykq{kdik d{mjkz xn kaib vgx
n
Zkikeskz heyiazh " hnkyd―x hkleskz {v % xbk h{vleiaxk vgx
Mehxkzm vzkv cznm ylehky 0 Ibavxkz 1 0
Bnyx = kdh yuyxkmy
Xzadymexend zaxk = jadhwehxb
Vznxninl = indxznl ykdhedo adh zkiesedo nc myaok legk xiv.EV. bxxv
Vznxninly hkcedk cnzmax nzhkz nc myoy ykdx adh zkieskh zk ieskh amndo dkwzng kdxexky adh aixendy xagkd nd myo xzadymeyyend zkievx $
Dkxwnzg khok n
Bnyxy 0 ilekdxy adh ykzskzy zkiall xbax bnyx azk kdh yuyxkmy
Bnyx ykdhy vaigkxy nc haxa 0
Bnyx ykdhedo c{dixend 0 n
Xagky avvleiaxend mkyyaok
n
Jzkagy edxn ymallkz ib{dgy gdnwd ay vaigkxy nc lkdoxb L jexy
n
Xzadymex vaigkx edxn aiikyy dkxwnzg ax xzadymeyyend zaxk Z
n
Ledg xzadymemeyyend zaxk aga iavaiexu weib ey ledg jadhwehxb
n
L.Z = xemk dkkhkh xn xzadymex L- jexy vaigkx edxn ledg $
Vaigkx ywexibedo 0 n
Bnyxy jzkag avvleiaxend laukz mkyyaoky edxn vaigkxy
n
Kdxezk vaigkx meyx azzesk ax zn{xkz jkcnzk ex iad jk xzadymexxkh nd dkrx ledg
Q{k{edo adh lnyy 0
Ec azzesal zaxk "ed jex% xn ledg krikkhy xzadymeyyend zaxk nc ledg cnz a vkzenh nc xemk cnz kramvlk cznm inmv{xkz xn zn{xkz zn{xkz 166.mvy adh ledg xn zn{xkz 1$; Mjvy xbkd0 n
Vaigkxy well q{k{k , waex xn jk xzadymexxkh nd ledg
n
Vaigkxy iad jk hznvvkh "lnyx % ec mkmnzu celly {v Vaok 19 nc 88
Vaigkx ywexibedo Sy iezi{ex ywexibedo 0
Vaigkx ywexibedo allnwy mnzk {ykzy xn {yk dkxwnzg
Xbk vznjejlexu xbax xbax 16 {ykz ey aixesk cnz 1.mvy 1.mvy ey lnw
Vaigkx ywexibedo 0 n
Exy onnh cnz zkyn{zik ybazedo
n
Xbkzk ey vnyyejelexu nc vaigkx hklau adh lnyy
Kdh yuyxkmy azk inddkixkh xn edxkzdkx sea aiikyy eyv "edxkzdkx ykzseik vznsehkz% n
Aiikyy eyv ed x{zd m{yx jk edxkzinddkixkh n
Mkady xbax adu xwn bnyxy iad ykdh vaigkxy xn kaib nxbkz
Xbxn{obv{x 0 n
Zaxk "jexy.xemk % ax wbeib jexy xzadyckzzkh jkxwkkd ykdhkz.zkieskz
Laukzedo 0 n
kaib laukz nmvlkmkdxy a ykzseik sea exy nwd edxkzdal laukz aixendy
n
adh exy zkluedo nd ykzseiky vznsehkh ju laukz jklnw
n
n
avvleiaxend
n
xzadyvnzx
n
dkxwnzg
n
ledg
n
vbuyeial
avvleiaxend 0 n
y{vvnzxedo dkxwnzg avvleiaxendy 0
n
Xzadyvnzx 0 n
Vznikyy haxa xzadyckz
n
Xiv adh {hv
Dkxwnzg 0 n
Zn{xedo nc haxaozamy cznm yn{zik xn hkyxedaxend
n
cxv ymxv bxxv
Ev $ zn{xedo vznxninly
Ledg 0 Vaok 18 nc 88
n
Haxa xzadyckz jkxwkkd dkeobjnzedo dkxwnzg klkmkdxy
n
Kxbkzdkx 26:$111 wece
Vbuyeial 0 n
Jexy nd xbk wezk
Ibavxkz :0 Ilekdx ykzskz azibexkix{zk 0 n
n
Ykzskz0 n
Alwauy nd bnyx
n
Vkzmadkdx ev ahhzkyy
Ilekdxy 0 n
Inmm{deiaxk wexb ykzskz
n
Mau bask hudamei ev ahhzkyy
n
Hn dnx inmm{deiaxk hezkixlu wexb kaib nxbkz
V:v0 n
Dnx allwauy nd ykzskz
n
Vkkzy zkq{kyx ykzseik cznm nxbkz vkkzy
n
Vkkzy azk edxkzmexxkdxlu inddkixkh adh ibadok ev ahhzkyyky
Vznikyy inmm{deiaxedo 0 n
Vznikyy 0 n
Vznozam xbax z{ddedo wexbed a bnyx
n
Ed yamk bnyx xwn vznikyy inmm{deiaxedo wexb kaib nxbkz {yedo edxkz vznikyy inmm{deiaxend
n
Vznikyy ed hecckzkdx bny inmm{deiaxedo wexb kaib nxbkz ju kribadoedo mkyyaoky
Ynigkxy 0 n
Vznikyy ykdh nz zkikesky myoy cznm nz xn exy ynigkx
n
Ynigkxy azk legk hnnzy
xn zkikesk mkyyaoky vznikyy m{yx bask ehkdxecekz $ Vaok 1; nc 88
n
Ehkdxecekz edi{hky jnxb EV ahhzkyy adh vnzx d{mjkzy ayynieaxkh wexb vznikyy nd bnyx
Haxa edxkozexeu 0 n
Ynmk avv legk cezk xzadyckz dkkh 166+ zkleajlk haxa
Xemedo n
Ynmk avvleiaxendy legk edxkzaixesk oamky zkq{ezky lnw hklau xn jk kcckixesk
Xbn{obv{x n
ynmk avvleiaxend zkq{ezky medem{m amn{dx nc xbzn{obv{x
XIV ykzseik 0 n
n
n
ex ey zkleajlk xzadyvnzx jkxwkkd ykdhedo adh zkikesedo vznikyy Hnky dnx vznsehk 0 n
Xemedo
n
Medem{m xbzn{obv{x
n
Yki{zexu
Xbkzk ey ykx{v zkq{ezkh jkxwkkd ilekdx adh ykzskz vznikyy
[HV ykzseik 0 n
[dzkleajlk haxa xzadyckz jkxwkkd ykdhedo adh zkiesedo vznikyy
n
Hnykdx vznsehk 0 n
Zkleajelexu
n
Clnw indxznl
n
Yki{zexu
Yki{zexu XIV0 n
Dn kdizuvxend n
n
Ilkaz xkrx vayywnzhy ykdh edxn ynigkx xzadskzyk edxkzdkx ed ilkaz xkrx
YYL0 n
Vznsehk kdizuvxkh xiv inddkixend
n
Haxa edxkozexu Vaok 13 nc 88
n
Exy ed avvleiaxend laukz adh xalg xn xiv
n
_bkd un{ ykdh a ilkaz xkrx vayywnzh ykdx edxn ynigkx xzadyskzyk edxkzdkx kdizuvxkh
{yedo xiv 0 n
Ilekdx edexeaxky xiv inddkixend " izkaxk ynigkx % xn ykzskz , vnzx 26
n
Ykzskz aiikvx xiv inddkixend cznm ilekdx
n
bxxv mkyyaoky kribadokh jkxwkkd jznwykz bxxv adh wkjykzskz ilekdx
n
adh cedallu xiv inddkixend ilnyk
bxxv ey yxaxklkyy mkadedo n
ykzskz maedxaedy dn edcnzmaxend ajn{x vayx ilekdx zkq{kyx
dnd-vkzyeyxkdx bxxv 0 n
ax mnyx ndk nj`kix "legk `vo kxi% ykdh nskz XIV inddkixend
n
acxkz xbax inddkixend ilnykh
n
hnwdlnahedo m{lxevlk nj`kixy zkq{ezky m{lxevlk inddkixendy
n
zkyvndyk xemk 0 n
ZXX0
n
Xemk cnz a ymall vaigkx xn xzaskl cznm ilekdx xn ykzskz adh jaig
BXXV zkyvndyk xemk 0
Ndk zxx xn edexeaxk xiv inddkixend
vkzyeyxkd BXXV0 n
m{lxevlk ndj`kixy iad jk ykdh nskz ndk xiv inddkixend jkxwkkd ilekdx adh ykzskz
ey{ky 0 dnd -vkzyeyxkdx 0 n
zkq{ezky : zxxy vkz nj`kixy
xwn xuvky nc bxxv mkyyaoky 0 zkq{kyx adh zkyvndyk Vaok 1? nc 88
inngeky0 n
inngeky azk bkahkz ledk nc bxxv zkyvndyk myo
n
inngeky azk yxnzkh ed {ykz bnyx madaokh ju {ykzy jznwykz
n
wbax inngeky onnh cnz 0 n
ybnvedo iazxy
n
zkinmmkdhaxendy
n
{ykz ykyyend yxaxk
wkj iaibky0 n
ec madu vknvlk {yk a wkjyexk , xbax wkjyexk ey yxnzkh ed iaibk wbkd adnxbkz {ykz wadx xn aiikyy xbax haxa well on xn iaibk adh okx xbk wkjyexk dnx edsnlskh wexb nzeoedal ykzskz
n
iaibk aix jnxb ay ilekdx adh a dh ykzskz
n
wbu wk {yk iaibk 0 n
zkh{ik zkyvndyk xemk cnz ilekdx zkq{kyx
Klkixzndei mael 0 n
n
n
{ykz aokdx0 n
ay gdnwd ay mael zkahkz
n
inmvnyedo zkahedo nz khexedo zkahedo mael
mael ykzskzy0 n
indxaedy edinmedo mkyyaoky cnz {ykzy
n
myo well jk q{k{k nc n{xonedo xn jk ykdx
yemvlk mael xzadyckz vznxninl " YMXV%0 n
jkxwkkd mael ykzskzy xn ykdh kmael mkyyaoky
ilekdx 0 ykdhedo ykdhedo mael xn mael ykzskz
ykzskz 0 zkiesedo mael cznm mael ykzskz
n
ex {yky XIV xn zkleajlk xzadyckz kmael mkyyaok cnz ilekdx xn ykzskz
n
hezkix xzadyckz
n
xbzkk vbayk nc xzadyckz 0
badhybagedo
xzadyckz nc mkyyaoky
ilny{zk Vaok 12 nc 88
n
n
n
YMVX {ykz vkzyeyxkdx inddkixend
n
Zkq{ezky bkhkaz adh jnhu
Vnv 90 n
Vnyx ncceik vznxninl wbeib ey cnz a{xbnzepaxend a{xbnzepaxend adh hnwdlnah
n
Vnv 9 hnwdlnah adh gkkv inveky nc mkyyaoky nd hecckzkdx ilekdxy
n
Vnv 9 yxaxklkyy aiznyy ykyyendy
EMAV0 n
Edxkzdkx aiikyy vznxninl " yxnzedo myoy nd ykzskzy %
n
Gkkv all myo ed ndk vlaiky 0 ax ykzskz
n
Allnwy {ykzy xn nzoadepk myoy
V:v avvleiaxend0 n
Dnx alwauy nd ykzskz
n
Jexxnzkdx 0 n
Celky azk hesehkh edxn :;3gj ib{dgy
n
Vkkzy ed xnzzkdx ykdh nz zkikesk celk ib{dgy
n
Ibavxkz 9 0 Xzadyvnzx laukz0
Vznsehk lnoeial inmm{deiaxend jkxwkkd avvleiaxend vznikyyky z{ddedo nd hecckzkdx bnyxy
Xzadyvnzx vznxninly Xzadyvnzx vznxninly z{d ed kdh yuyxkmy
Bnw xn ykdh 0 n
Bnw xn zkikesk 0 n
Jzkagy avvleiaxend mkyyaoky edxn ykomkdxy adh xbkd vayyky xn dkxwnzg laukz
Zkayykmjlky ykomkdxy edxn mkyyaoky adh xbkd vayyky xn avvleiaxend laukz
Ykzseiky xbax azk dnx asaelajlk 0 n
Hklau o{azadxkky
n
Jadhwehxb o{azadxkky Vaok 15 nc 88
M{lxevlkredo ax ykdhkz 0
Badhkl haxa cznm m{lxevlk ynigkxy adh ahh xzadyvnzx xza dyvnzx bkahkz
Hkm{xlevlkredo ax zkikeskz0
[yk xbk bkahkz edcn xn hkleskz zkikeskh ykomkdxy y komkdxy xn inzzkix ynigkx
Ibaddkly wexb kzznzy adh lnyy0
[dhkzluedo ibaddkl iad alyn lnyk vaigkxy "haxa adh aig%
Ibkigy{m ykq{kdxeal d{mjkz adh aig
Zkxzadymex well bklv bkzk j{x dnx kdn{ob
_bax ybn{lh xn hn0
Ykdhkz waexy zkayndajlk amn{dx nc xemk cnz aig
Zkxzadymex ec dn aig zkikeskh ed xbey xemk
Ed a iayk wbkd vgx nz aig `{yx hklaukh dnx lnyx n
Zkxzadymeyyend well jk h{vleiaxk j{x jkia{yk nc ykq) alzkahu badhlk xbey
n
Zkikeskz m{yx yvkiecu ykq) nc vgx jkedo aigkh
Vevklededo0
Ykdhkz allnwy m{lxevlk ed cleobx ukx xn jk aig vgxy n
Zadok nc ykq{kdik d{mjkzy m{yx jk edizkaykh
n
J{cckzedo ax ykdhkz nz zkikeskz
Xwn xuvky nc vevkledk vznxninly0
On jaig-D n
Ykdhkz iad bask {v xn D {dvaigkh vaigkxy ed vevkledk
n
Zkikeskz ndlu ykdh i{m{laxesk aig
n
Ykdhkz bay xemkz cnz nlhkyx {daigkh vaigkx
n
_bkd xemkz krvezky zkxzadymex all {daigkh vaigkxy
Aig-ndlu 0 alwauy ykdh aig cnz inzzkixlu zkikeskh vgx wexb beobkyx ed-nzhkz ykq)
Mau okdkzaxk h{vleiaxk aigy Vaok :6 nc 88
n
N{x-nc-nzhkz vgx 0
Heyiazh "hnd―x j{cckz % dn zkikeskz j{cckzedo
Zk aig vgx wexb beobkyx ed nzhkz ykq )
Yklkixesk zkvkax n
ykdh iad bask {v xn D {d aigkh vaigkxy ed vevkledk
n
zkikeskz ykdh edheseh{al aig cnz kaib vaigkx
n
ykdhkz maedxaedy xemkz cnz kaib {daigkh vaigkx
n
wbkd xemkz krvezky zkxzadymex ndlu xbax {daigkh vaigkx
n
zkikeskz edheseh{allu aigdnwlkhoky all inzzkixlu zkikeskh vgxy
n
j{cckzy vgxy ay dkkhkh cnz kskdx{al ed nzhkz hkleskzu xn {vvkz laukz
n
ykdhkz ndlu zkykdhy vgxy cnz wbeib aig dnx zkikeskh
n
ykdhkz xemkz cnz kaib {daigkh vgx
n
ykdhkz wedhnw 0
D indyki{xesk ykq)
Lemexy ykq )y nc ykdx , {daigkh vgxy
Xiv nskz sekw 0
Vnedx xn vnedx
Zkleajlk ed nzhkz juxk yxzkam
Vevkledkh
C{ll h{vlkr haxa
Inddkixend nzekdxkh
Clnw indxznllkh
Indokyxend0
Xnn madu yn{ziky ykdhedo xnn m{ib haxa xnn cayx cnz dkxwnzg xn badhlk
XIV NSKZ SKEK_0 Xiv vznsehky0 m{lxevlkredo hkm{lxevlkredo adh kzznz hkxkixend Hecckzkdiky nc xiv adh {hv0
[hv ey inddkixendlkyy inddkixendlkyy Vaok :1 nc 88
n
Dn badhybagedo
_belk xiv ey inddkixend nzekdxkh n
Kyxajleyb xbk inddkixend cezyx
XIV inddkixend vznsehky cnz c{ll h{vlkr haxa xzadyckz
Mkady ec xbkzk ey a vznikyy A adh bnyx adh vznikyy J haxa iad clnw cznm A xn J ax xbk yamk xemk ay avvleiaxend lkskl haxa clnwy cznm J xn A
Alyn Xiv ey vnedx vnedx xn vnedx vnedx mkady xbax jkxwkkd a yedolk ykdhkz adh yedolk zkikeskz wbeib ey m{lxeiayx adh xzadyckz nc haxa cznm ndk ykdhkz xn madu zkikeskzy ed a yedolk ykdh nvkzaxend ey dnx vnyyejlk wexb XIV
XIV vznsehky zkleajlk haxa xzadyckz {ydeod vnyexesk aig adh xemkzy ed m{ib
XIV {yky vevklededo allnwedo xbk ykdhkz xn bask m{lxevlk xzadymexxkh j{x ukx xn jk aigdnwlkhok ykomkdxy n{xyxadhedo ax adu oeskd xemk
XIV vznsehk clnw indxznl ykzseik 0 n
Xn ey avvleiaxendy ju klemedaxedo k lemedaxedo xbk vnyyejelexu nc xbk ykdhkz nskz clnwedo xbk zkikeskz j{cckz
n
Clnw indxznl ey xb{y a yvkkh maxibedo ykzseik $maxibedo xbk zaxk ax wbeib xbk ykdhkz ey ykdhedo xn xbk zaxk ax wbeib xbk zkikesedo avvleiaxend ey zkahedo
n
Dnxk xbax [HV hnky dnx vznsehk clnw indxznl
Zkiall xbax wbkd a bnyx ykdhy a ykomkdx edxn a xiv inddkixend ex yxazxy a xemkz7 ec xbk xemkz krvezky jkcnzk xbk bnyx zkikesky ad aigdnwlkhomkdx cnz xbk haxa ed xbk ykomkdx xbk bnyx zkxzadymex xbk ykomkdx
Xbk xemk cznm wbkd xbk xemkz ey yxazxkh {dxel wbkd ex krvezky ey iallkh xbk xemkn{x nc xbk xemkz
Bnw lndo ybn{lh jk xemkz> n
Xemk n{x ybn{lh jk lazokz xbad xbk inddkixendy zn{dh xzev xemk kramvlk xbk xemk cznm wbkd a ykomkdx ey ykdx {dxel exy aigdnwlkhokh
Inddkixend madaokmkdx 0 jkcnzk kribadok haxa ykdhkz nz zkikeskz badhybagk
Ilnyedo xbk inddkixend0 ju ykdhedo a ced jex =1 Indokyxend0 Vaok :: nc 88
Edcnzmallu xnn madu yn{ziky ykdhedo xnn m{ib haxa xnn cayx cnz dkxwnzg xn badhlk
Adh xbk q{alexu nc xbk dkxwnzg well hkizkky hzamaxeiallu h zamaxeiallu
Ibavxkz 8 0 Dkxwnzg laukz 0
Xzadycnzm ykomkdx cznm ykdhedo xn zkikesedo bnyx
Dkxwnzg laukz ed kskzu bnyx 0 zn{xkz0 n
Zn{xkz0 Zn{xkz0 kramedky bkahkz ceklhy ed all ev haxaozamy vayyedo xbzn{ob ex
Gku dkxwnzg laukz c{dixend0
Cnzwazhedo 0 n
Mnsk vaigkxy cznm zn{xkzy edv{x xn avvznvzeaxk zn{xkz n{xv{x
Zn{xedo 0 n
Hkxkzmedk zn{xk xagkd ju vaigkxy cznm yn{zik xn hkyxedaxend
Zn{xedo alonzexbm0
Hkxkzmedky kdh xn kdh vaxb xbzn{ob dkxwnzg
Cnzwazhedo alonzexbm0
Cnzwazhedo xajlk hkxkzmedky lnial cnzwazhedo ax xbey zn{xkz
Dkxwnzg sy xzadyvnzx laukz0
Dkxwnzg 0 jkxwkkd xwn bnyxy " mau alyn edsnlsk xbk zn{xkzy %
Xzadyvnzx 0 jkxwkkd xwn vznikyy
Dkxwnzg ykzseik mnhkl0 Cnz edheseh{al haxaozamy0
O{azadxkkh hkleskzu
O{azadxkkh hkleskzu lkyy xbad 86 myki
Cnz clnw nc haxaozam―y0 nc haxaozam―y0 Vaok :9 nc 88
Ed nzkhkz haxaozam hkleskzu
O{azadxkkh medem{m jadhwehxb xn clnw
Zkyxzeixendy nd ibadoky ed edxkz vaigkx yvaiedo
EV NZ --EDXKZDKX VZNXNINL--0 Dkxwnzg ledgy bask MX[0 mar xzadyckz yepk == lazokyx vnyyejlk ledg lkskl czamk Ev czaomkdxaxend adh zkayykmjlu0
Lazok ev haxaozam hesehkh nz czaomkdxkh ed dkxwnzg
Ndk haxaozam jkinmky ykskzal haxaozamy
Adh well jk zkayykmjlkh ndlu ax cedal hkyxedaxend
Bkzk ev bkahkz jexy well bklv xn edhkdxecu xbk nzhkz
EV SKZ8 ahhzkyyedo0 Ev ahhzkyy0 ahhzkyy0 9: jex ehkdxecekz cnz kskzu bnyx, zn{xkz edxkzcaik _bax ey edxkzcaik0 edxkzcaik 0 inddkixend jkxwkkd bnyx.zn{xkz adh vbuyeial laukz$
Kaib zn{xkz xuveiallu bask m{lxevlk edxkzcaiky
Kaib bnyx bay ndk nz xwn edxkzcaiky
Kaib ev ahhzkyyky ayynieaxkh wexb kaib ka ib edxkzcaik Y{j dkxwnzg 0 ev ahhzkyy 0
Y{jdkx vazx 0 beob nzhkz jexy
Bnyx vazx 0 lnw nzhkz jexy
_bax ey y{jdkxwnzg 0
Hkseik edxkzcaiky wexb yamk y{j dkxvazx nc ev ahhzkyy
Iad vbuyeiallu zkaib kaib nxbkz wexbn{x edxkzskdedo zn{xkz
Vzaixeik nc hesehedo a dkxwnzg edxn xwn nz mnzk dkxwnzgy ey iallkh y{j dkxwnzg
HBIV --Hudamei bnyx indceo{zaxend vznxninl0 Vaok :8 nc 88
Onal0 allnw bnyx xn hudameiallu njxaed exy ev ahhzkyy cznm dkxwnzg ykzskz wbkd ex `nedy dkxwnzg
Bekzazibeial ahhzkyyedo0 Bekzazibeial ahhzkyyedo allnwy kcceiekdx ahskzxeykmkdx nc zn{xedo Dax 0 dkxwnzg ahhzkyy xzadylaxend 0 All haxaozamy lkasedo xbk lnial dkxwnzg bask yamk yedolk yn{zik DAX ev ahhzkyy0 Xbk dkxwnzg dkxwnzg laukz bay 0
Zn{xedo vznxninly 0 n
Vaxb yklkixend
Ev vznxninl 0 n
Ahhzkyyedo indskdxendy
n
Haxaozam cnzmax
n
Vaigkx badhledo indskdxendy
Eimv vznxninl 0 n
Kzznz zkvnzxedo
n
Zn{xkz yeodaledo
Ev czaomkdxaxend, zkayykmjlu
Kaib dkxwnzg bask MX[ 0 marem{m xzadyckz yepk wbeib ey lazokyx vnyyejlk ledg lkskl czamk
Hecckzkdx ledg bask hecckzkdx MX[y
Lazok EV haxaozam hesehkh nz czaomkdxkh wexbed dkxwnzg 0 n
Ed xbey iayk ndk haxaozam jkinmky ykskzal haxaozamy
n
Adh well jk zkayykmjlkh ndlu ax cedal hkyxedaxend
n
EV bkahkz jexy {ykh xn ehkdxecu xbk nzhkz
EV Ahhzkyyedo0
Ev ahhzkyy 0
9:-jex ehkdxecekz cnz bnyx adh zn{xkz edxkzcaik
Edxkzcaik 0
ex―y a inddkixend jkxwkkd bnyx .zn{xkz adh vbuyeial ledg Vaok :; nc 88
n
Kaib zn{xkz bask m{lxevlk edxkzcaiky
n
Kaib bnyx xuveiallu bay ndk nz xwn edxkzcaiky
_ezkh Kxbkzdkx edxkzcaiky Kxbkzdkx edxkzcaiky inddkixkh ju Kxbkzdkx ywexibky _ezklkyy wece edxkzcaiky inddkixkh ju wece jayk yxaxend Y{jdkx0 _bax ey y{jdkx0
Hkseik edxkzcaiky wexb yamk y{jdkx vazx nc ev ahhzkyy
Ev ahhzkyy 0
Y{j dkx vazx- beob nzhkz jexy
Bnyx vazx- lnw nzhkz jexy
Ev ahhzkyyedo0 IEHZ 0 Ilayylkyy edxkz Hnmaed Zn{xedo Ahhzkyy cnzmax 0 a$j$i$h.r wbkzk r ey d{mjkz jexy ed y{jdkx vnzxend nc ahhzkyy HBIV Hudamei bnyx indceo{zaxend vznxninl0
Hudameiallu okx ahhzkyy cznm ykzskz 0 wbeib ey vl{o adh vlau
Onal 0 n
Xn allnw bnyx xn hudameiallu njxaed exy ev ahhzkyy cznm dkxwnzg ykzskz wbkd exy `nedy dkxwnzg
n
HBIV iad zkx{zd mnzk xbad `{yx allniaxkh ev ahhzkyy nd y{jdkx y{jdkx
Cnz kramvlk 0 ahhzkyy nc cezyx bnv zn{xkz cnz ilekdx
Damk adh ev ahhzkyy nc HDY ykzskz
Dkxwnzg mayg
EIADD-- Edxkzdkx Inzvnzaxend cnz Ayyeodkh Damky adh D{mjkzy
Edxkzdkx inzvnzaxend cnz ayyeodkh
Damky adh d{mjkzy 0 Vaok :3 nc 88
Allniaxky ahhzkyyky
Madaoky HDY
Ayyeody hnmaed damky adh zkynlsky heyv{xky
DAX -- Dkxwnzg ahhzkyy xzadylaxend0 n
All haxaozam―y xbax lkasedo xbk lnial dkxwnzg bask yamk yedolk yn{zik DAX" dkxwnzg ahhzkyy xzadylaxend % ahhzkyy 0
Lnial dkxwnzg {yky `{yx ndk ev ahhzkyy ay caz ay n{xyehk wnzh indikzdkh 0 n
Zadok nc ahhzkyyky dnx dkkhkh cznm EYV 0
`{yx ndk ev ey onnh kdn{ob cnz all hkseik
n
Iad ibadok ahhzkyyky nc hkseiky ed lnial dkxwnzg wexbn{x dnxecuedo n{xyehk wnzlh
n
Iad ibadok eyv wexbn{x ibadoedo ahhzkyyky nc hkseiky ed lnial dkxwnzg
n
Hkseiky edyehk lnial dkxwnzg dnx kayu xn cedh ev ahhzkyykk adh dnx seyejlk ju n{xyehk wnzlh
EIMV edxkzdkx indxznl indxznl mkyyaok vznxninl vznxninl 0 [ykh ju bnyx adh zn{xkzy xn inmm{deiaxk dkxwnzg lkskl edcnzmaxend 0
Kzznz zkvnzxedo 0 n
[dzkaibajlk bnyx nz dkxwnzg nz vnzx nz vznxninl
Dkxwnzg laukz “ ajnsk “ ev 0 n
Eimv myoy azk iazzekh ed ev haxaozamy
EVs3 0 bkahkz cnzmax bklvy yvkkh vznikyyedo adh cnzwazhedo Evs3 haxaozam cnzmax 0
Cerkh lkdoxb nc 86 juxk bkahkz
Dn czaomkdxaxend allnwkh
eVS3 cnzmax 0
Vzenzexu 0 ehkdxecu vzenzexu amndo haxaozamy ed clnw
Clnw lajkl0 lajkl0 ehkdxecu haxaozamy ed yamk clnw Vaok :? nc 88
Dkrx bkahkz 0 Ehkdxecu {vvkz laukz vznxninl cnz haxa
_bax nxbkz ibadoky cznm evs80
Ibkigy{m 0 zkmnskh kdxezklu xn zkh{ik vznikyyedo xemk ax kaib bnv
Nvxendy 0 allnwkh j{x n{xyehk nc bkahkz adh edheiaxkh ju dkrx bkahkz ceklh
Eimv s30 dkw skzyend nc eimv n
Ahhexendal mkyyaok xuvky cnz kramvlk vaigkx xnn jeo adh kxi
n
M{lxeiayx ozn{v madaokmkdx c{dixend
dnx all zn{xkzy iad jk {vozahkh yem{lxadkn{ylu yn wbax ybn{lh wk hn >
X{ddkledo 0 n
Evs3 haxaozam iazzekh ay vaulnah ed evs8 haxaozam amndo evs8 zn{xkzy
Zn{xedo alonzexbm hkxkzmedky kdh xn kdh vaxb xbzn{ob dkxwnzg
Zn{xedo alonzexbm xbax cedhy xbax lkayx inyx vaxb
Cnzwazhedo xajlk hkxkzmedky lnial cnzwazhedo ax xbey zn{xkz @nj nc edxkz ay zn{xedo 0
Alyn gdnw ay edxkzenz oaxkwau vznxninly
Lkazd wbeib hkyxedaxend hkyxedaxend azk zkaibajlk xbzn{ob AY: wbeib wbeib xbzn{ob AY9
Vznvaoaxk xbey zkaibajelexu edcn xn all zn{xkzy ed AY1"xbk ndk ex―y ed % adh xbey ey `nj nc edxkz ay zn{xedo "vaok 166%
Bnx vnaxn zn{xedo 0 ykdh vaigkx xnwazhy ilnykyx ilnyky x nc xwn zn{xkzy$ Zn{xedo edcnzmaxend vznxninly 0
Heyxadik mkxzei adh xbk d{mjkz nc bnvy ybn{lh dnx krikkh 1; "mar = 1; bnvy% adh kaib ledg bay inyx nc 1
Hsy kribadok wexb dkeobjnzy kskzu 96 yki ed zkyvndyk
Ec dn ahskzxeykmkdx bkazh acxkz 126 ykindh xbkd xbk d dkeobjnz nz ledg hkilazkh hkah
Nvkd ybnzxkyx vaxb cezyx0 Vaok :2 nc 88
Nvkd v{jleilu asaelajlk
Nyvc ahskzxeykmkdx Nyvc ahskzxeykmkdx iazzeky ndk kdxzu vkz dkeobjnz
Ahskzxeykmkdxy clnnhkh clnnhkh xn kdxezk AY n
Iazzekh ed nyvc mkyyaoky hezkixlu nskz ev zaxbkz xbad xiv nz {hv
Nyvc ahsadik c{x{zky xbax azk dnx ed Zn{xedo Edcnzmaxend Vznxninl Vznxninl 0
Yki{zexu 0 all nyvc mkyyaok a{xbkdxeiaxkh xn vzkskdx maleien{y edxz{yend
M{lxevlk yamk inyx vaxby allnwkh, allnwkh, ndlu ndk vaxb ed zev
Bekzazibeial nyvy 0
Xwn lkskl bekzazibu 0 n
Lnial azka
n
Y{mmazepk heyxadik xn dkxy ed nwd azka ahskzxeyk xn nxbkz azka jnzhkz zn{xkzy
Jaig jndk zn{xkzy 0 n
Jaigjndk
Azka jnzhkz zn{xkzy 0 n
Ledg yxaxk ahskzxeykmkdxy ndlu ed azka
Z{d nyvc zn{xedo lemexkh xn jaigjndk
Jn{dhazu zn{xkzy 0 n
Inddkix xn nxbkz AY
JOV jnzhkz oaxkwau vznxninl
Ol{k xbax bnlhy xbk edxkzdkx xnokxbkz
Kjov 0 njxaed y{jdkx zkaibajelexu edcnzmaxend cznm dkeobjnzedo Ayy EJOV 0 vznvaoaxk zkaibajelexu edcnzmaxend xn all AY edxkzdal zn{xkzy Jov zn{xk yklkixend 0
Zn{xkz mau lkazd ajn{x mnzk xbad 1 zn{xk xn hkyxedaxend AY, Yklkix xy zn{xk jaykh nd 0 n
Lnial vzkckzkdik sal{k axxzej{xk
n
Ybnzxkyx AY-Vaxb
n
Ilnykyx dkrx bnx zn{xkz Vaok :5 nc 88
n
Ahhexendal izexkzea
Jov mayyaok 0
JOV mkyyaok kribadokh jkxwkkd vkkzy nskz XIV inddkixend
JOV mkyyaok 0 n
Nvkd 0 nvkd XIV inddkixend xn vkkz adh a{xbkdxeiaxky ykdhkz
n
[vhaxk 0 Ahskzxeyky dkw vaxb
n
Gkkv Alesk0gkkv Alesk0gkkv inddkixend alesk ed ajykdik nc {vhaxky adh alyn aigy nvkd zkq{kyx
n
Dnxeceiaxend 0 zkvnzxy kzznzy ed vzksen{y mkyyaok adh alyn {ykh xn ilnyk xbk inddkixend
Jznahiayx Zn{xedo0
Hkleskz vaigkxy cznm yn{zik xn all nxbkz dnhky
Yn{zik h{vleiaxend ey edkcceiekdx yn 0 n
Clnnhedo 0 wbkd dnhk zkikesky jznahiayx vaigkx ykdhy invu xn all dkeobjnzy
n
J{x xbkzk ey vznjlkm wexb xbey 0
n
Clnnhedo indxznl 0
n
Iuilky adh jznahiayx yxnzm
Dnhk ndlu jznahiayx vgx ec ex bayd―x jznahiayx yamk vaigkx jkcnzk
Yvaddedo xzkk0
dn zkh{dhadx vaigkxy zkikeskh ju adu dnhk
Vem 0 vznxninl edhkvkdhkdx m{lxeiayx Dnx hkvkdhedo nd yvkiecei zn{xedo alonzexbm
Hkdyk 0 n
Ozn{vkh mkmjkzy hkdyklu vaigkh ed ilnyk vznremexu
Yvazk 0 n
D{mjkz nc dkxwnzg wexb ozn{v mkmjkzy ymall wzx edxkzinddkixkh dkxwnzgy
Krxza y{mmkzu y{mmkzu ibavxkz 80 9 maed emvnzxadx dkxwnzg laukz c{dixendy0 Vaok 96 nc 88
Vaxb hkxkzmedaxend 0 n
M{yx hkxkzmedk xbk zn{xk nz vaxb xagkd ju vaigkxy ay xbku clnw cznm ykdhkz xn zkikeskz adh xbk alonzexbm ey zn{xedo zn{xedo alonzexbm
Ywexibedo 0 n
_bkd a vaigkx azzesky ax xbk edv{x xn a zn{xkz xbk zn{xkz m{yx mnsk ex xn xbk avvznvzeaxk n{xv{x ledg
Iall ykx{v 0 n
Ed adalno{yk maddkz , ynmk dkxwnzg laukz zkq{ezky xbax xbk zn{xkzy zn{xkzy alndo xbk ibnyk vaxb cznm yn{zik xn hkyxedaxend badhybagk wexb kaib nxbkz ed nzhkz xn ykx{v yxaxk jkcnzk haxa aix{allu jkoedy xn clnw xbey ey iall ykx{v$ Xbk dkxwnzg laukz nc xbk edxkzdkx hnky dnx vkzcnzm adu y{ib iall ykx{v
Zkiall sezx{al iezi{ex 0 iezi{ex 0 all vaigkxy jkxwkkd a oeskd yn{zik adh hkyxedaxend well xagk xbk yamk vaxb @nj nc zn{xedo alonzexbm ey xn cedh a onnh vaxb cznm yn{zik xn hkyxedaxend
A onnh vaxb ey ndk wexb lnwkyx inyx
Olnjal zn{xedo alonzexbm0
bay inmvlkxk edcnzmaxend ajn{x inddkixesexu adh ledg inyx nz ledg yxaxk alonzexbm
Hkikdxzalepk 0 : hecckzkdx zn{xedo alonzexbm ,
yxaxei nz hudamei 0
Yxaxei zn{xedo 0 zn{xkzy ibadok skzu ylnwlu nskz xemk
Hudamei zn{xedo 0 ibadok xbk zn{xedo vaxb ay xbk dkxwnzg xzaccei lnahy
Ledg yxaxk alonzexbm0 alonzexbm 0
All inyx azk gdnwd xbey ey bavvkdedo jkia{yk all nxbkz dnhky azk jznahiayx jznahiayx xbk ehkdxexeky adh inyx nc xnxy axxaibkh ledgy xn nxbkz dnhky
HEYXADIK SKIXNZ ZN[XEDO0 kaib dnhk zkikesky ynmk edcnzmaxend cznm ndk nz mnzk nc exy hezkixlu axxaibkh dkeobjnzy Vaok 91 nc 88
Ledg yxaxk 0 ed xbk ledg yxaxk alonzexbm 0
All dnhky jznahiayx jznahiayx xbkez ledg ledg yxaxk edcnzmaxend edcnzmaxend xn all dnhky ed xbk dkxwnzg oesedo all dnhky a inmmnd olnjal sekw nc xbk dkxwnzgy xnvnlnou$
Kaib dnhk xbkd z{dy ybnzxkyx vaxb alonzexbm {yedo xbey dkxwnzg xnvnlnou xn hkxkzmedk xbk lkayx inyx vaxb cznm exyklc xn all nxbkz dnhky ed xbk dkxwnzg
Vaigkxy xbkd zn{xedo alndo xbkyk lkayx inyx vaxby
Heyxadik skixnz alonzexbmy0
kaib dnhk inmm{deiaxk ndlu wexb exy hezkixlu inddkixkh dkeobjnzy adh kribadoedo exy kyxemaxky nc exy lkayx inyx xn zkaib kaib dnhk ed xbk dkxwnzg
dnhk hnkyd―x gdnw xbk kdxezk lkayx inyx vaxb cznm yn{zik xn hkyxedaxend
ledg yxaxk adh heyxadik skixnz alonzexbm hnd―x bask bekzazibeial dkxwnzg xnvnlnou edxkzdkx zn{xedo bay a bekzazibu 0
ed kaib wbeib dkxwnzg laukz haxaozam iazzeky xbk ev ahhzkyy nc xbk cedal hkyxedaxend nc xbk haxaozam $
xbey ahhzkyy {y {ykh ju a zn{xkz ed cnzwazhedo xbk haxaozam xnwazh exy cedal hkyxedaxend
ed Sezx{al iezi{ex dkxwnzg kaib vaigkx nc haxa iazzeky a sezx{al d{mjkz wbeib ey {ykh ju a ywexib ed cnzwazhedo xbk vaigkx nc haxa xnwazh exy hkyxedaxend$ Cnzwazhedo Sy zn{xedo0 Cnzwazhedo 0
cnzwazhedo zkckzy xn xbk vkz zn{xkz aixend nc mnsedo a vaigkx azzesedo ax ad edv{x vnzx xn xbk avvznvzeaxk n{xv{x vnzx
zn{xedo 0
zn{xedo zkckzy xn xbk vznikyy nc hkxkzmededo xbk kdh xn kdh vaxb xbax a vaigkx well xagk xbzn{ob xbk dkxwnzg
JOV ey ndlu vznxninl {ykh xn zn{xk haxaozam―y amn{do a{xndnm{y yuyxkmy adh exy ol{k nc edxkzdkx Vaok 9: nc 88
X{ddkledo 0 iad jk {ykh xn inddkix xwn zn{xkzy lnoeiallu nskz a vxb xbax indxaedy m{lxevlk zn{xkzy 0 xbey allnwy xwn evs3 zn{xkzy xn kribadok evs3 haxaozamy wexb kaib nxbkz sea zn{xkz xbax ndlu yvkag evs8 Zn{xkz bezazi{lu 0
xbkzk ey xwn jeo vznjlkm 0 n
Yialk
n
Ahmedeyxzaxesk a{xndnmu
Jnxb nc xbkyk vzjnjlkmy iad jk ynlkskh ju aoozkoaxedo zn{xkzy edxn zkoendy nz a{xndnm{y Yuyxkm adh xbku bask edcnzmaxend ajn{x ajn{x kaib nxbkz
Xbk zn{xedo alonzexbm z{ddedo z{ddedo wexbed ad a{xndnmn{y yuyxkm wbeib ey xbk zkoend ey iallkh ad edxza a{xndnmn{y yuyxkm zn{xedo vznxninl
Zn{xkzy xbax bask zkyvndyejelexu nc cnz zn{xedo vaigkxy xn hkyxedaxendy n{xyehk xbk AY ey iallkh oaxkwau zn{xkzy
Xbk zn{xedo alonzexbm xbax oaxkwauy {yk xn zn{xk amndo xbk saz{n{y ay ay gdnwd ay edxkz a{xndnmn{y yuyxkm zn{xedo vznxninl
Xbk dkxwnzg vznxninl ed edxkzdkx ey ev vznxninl vznxninl 0 Bnyx ey kdh yuyxkm , wbkd ev ed xbk bnyx b nyx wadxy xn ykdh a haxaozam ex vayyky xbk haxaozam xn exy ledg xbk jn{dhazu jkxwkkd bnyx adh xbk ledg ey iallkh edxkzcaik Ev ahhzkyy bay xwn vazxy0 vazxy 0
Dkxwnzg
Bnyx
Bnw xn ayyeod a Ev0 n
Mad{al indceo{zaxend
n
Ju dkxwnzg ahmedeyxzaxnz
Hudamei bnyx indceo{zaxend HBIV
Ey vl{o adh vlau 0
A hbiv ykzskz ed a dkxwnzg zkikesky hbiv zkq{kyx cznm ilekdx adh ed xbk iayk nc hudamei ahhzkyy allniaxend allniaxky ad ev ahhzkyy jaig xn xbk zkq{kyxedo ilekdx {yky ed LAD adh zkyehkdxeal Vaok 99 nc 88
Evs3 hnkyd―x bask czaomkdxaxend Xbk marem{m amn{dx nc haxa xbax ledg laukz vaigkx iad iazzu ey iallkh xbk mx{ " marem{m xzadyckz {dex %
Czaomkdxaxend0 y{vvnyk un{ zkikesk ad ev haxaozam cznm ndk ledg un{ ibkig un{z zn{xedo xajlk xn hkxkzmedk xbk n{xonedo ledg adh xbey n{xonedo ledg bay mx{ xbax ey ymallkz xbad lkdoxb nc xbk ev haxaozam xbk ynl{xend ey czaomkdx xbk haxa ed xbk ev haxaozam amndo xwn nz mnzk ymallkz ev haxaozamy Ed evs8 xbk `nj nc haxaozam zkayykmjlu ed xbk kdh yuyxkmy zaxbkz xbad ed xbk dkxwnzg EIMV 0 Edxkzdkx indxznl mkyyaok vznxninl 0
Xbk mnyx xuveial {yk nc eimv ey cnz kzznz zkvnzxedo
Eimv mkyyaoky azk iazzekh edyehk ev vaigkxy
Edxza a{xndnmn{y yuyxkm0
Zn{xedo vznxninl ey {ykh xn indceo{zk adh maedxaed xbk zn{xedo xajlky wexbed ad a{xndnm{y yuyxkmy
Zn{xedo edcnzmaxend indxznl0
Skzyend nc zev ey {yky bnv in{dx ay inyx mkxzei kramvlk kaib ledg bay inyx nc 1 adh lemexy xbk mar inyx xn a vaxb 1;
Zkiall xbax ed skixnz vznxninly dkeobjnzedo zn{xkzy kribadok zn{xedo edcnzmaxend wexb kaib nxbkz$
Ed xbk zn{xedo zn{xedo edcnzmaxend vznxninl xbk zn{xedo xajlky azk kribadokh jkxwkkd dkeobjnzy kskzu 96 ykindhy {yedo zevy xbey ey iallkh zkyvndyk mkyyaok
Vaok 98 nc 88
_exb kaib zkyvndyk mkyyaok indxaededo xbax bnyxy zn{xedo xajlk kdxzeky cnz {v xn :; hkyxedaxend dkxwnzgy$ Xbkyk zkyvndyk mkyyaoky xbax indxaededo zn{xedo xajlky azk alyn iallkh ahskzxeykmkdx$
Zn{xkzy ykdh zn{xedo edcnzmaxend vznxninl zkq{kyx adh zkyvndyk mkyyaoky xn kaib nxbkz sea {hv
Nvkd ybnzxkyx vaxb cezyx 0
Ynmk ahsadik kmjnhekh ed nyvc 0 n
Yki{zexu 0 all kribadoky jkxwkkd nyvc zn{xkz azk a{xbkdxeiaxkh
n
M{lxevlk yamk inyx vaxb 0 wbkd m{lxevlk vaxby xn hkyxedaxend bask yamk inyx nyvc allnwy m{lxevlk vaxby xn jk {ykh
n
Hecckzkdx inyx mkxzeiy cnz hecckzkdx xny xzaccei 0 nyvc allnwy kaib ledg xn bask hecckzkdx inyxy cnz xuvk nc ykzseik ev vaigkxy
n
Edxkozaxkh y{vvnzx cnz {deiayx adh m{lxeiayx zn{xedo 0 m{lxeiayx nyvc vznsehky yemvlk krxkdyendy xn nyvc xn vznsehk cnz m{lxeiayx m{lxeiayx zn{xedo
Jaigjndk0
xbk vzemazu znlk nc xbk jaigjndk azka ey xn zn{xk xzaccei jkxwkkd xbk nxbkz azkay ed xbk AY$
JOV ’jnzhkz oaxkwau vznxninl 0 Vznsehky xbk mkibadeymy xn heyxzej{xk vaxb edcnzmaxend amndo xbk edxkzinddkixkh a{xndnmn{y yuyxkmy , j{x lkask
Vznsehky mkibadeymy cnz heyxzej{xedo vaxb edcnzmaxend
Ex ey xbk vznxninl wbeib magky inzk zn{xedo hkieyendy nd xbk edxkzdkx
Ex maedxaedy a xajlk nc ev dkxwnzgy nz vzkcerky wbeib hkyeodaxk dkxwnzg zkaibajelexu amndo a{xndnmn{y yuyxkmy
Ykdhy kdxezklu vaxb edcnzmaxend xn dkeobjnzy
Ed jov xbk emmkheaxk dkeobjnzy ed xbk ozavb nc Ayy azk iallkh vkkzy
JOV vznxninl hkcedky xbk cn{z xuvky nc mkyyaoky 0 n
Nvkd
n
[vhaxk Vaok 9; nc 88
n
Dnxeceiaxend
n
Gkkv alesk
JOV inddkixend edyehk AY ey EJOV‘ EJOV‘edxkzenz jznah oaxkwau oaxkwau vznxninl ey zn{xedo wexbed nzoadepaxend
JOV inddkixend n{xyehk AY ey KJOV‘ KJOV‘krxkzenz zn{xedo vznxninl ey zn{xedo jkxwkkd hecckzkdx nzoadepaxend n{xyehk nc
EVS30
Yepk nc xbk ev ahhzkyy cznm 9: xn 1:2
Bkahkz nc 86 edyxkah nc :6
9 celkh nc evs8 nc evs8 ey ondk ed evs30 n
Czaomkdxaxend 0
n
Ibkigy{m 0
n
Dn mnzk , ec xbk vaigkx ey xnn jeo ykdhy ykdhy a myo xbax vaigkx ey xnn jeo sea eimv
Xiv adh {hv ey badhledo xbey vazx yn xbkzk ey dn {yk nc basedo xbey
Nvxend 0
Edyxkah nc nvxendy ceklh ey ndk nc vnyyejlk dkrx bkahkzy vnedxkh xn cznm wexbed xbk evs3 bkahkz $
zkiall xbax xbk EIMV EIMV vznxninl ey {ykh ju ev dnhky xn zkvnzx kzznz indhexendy adh vznsehk lemexkh edcnzmaxend
X{ddklledo0
y{vvnyk xwn dnhky wbaxdnxy yn inmm{deiaxk wexb kaib nxbkz A adh K A ey evs3 adh K ey EvS3 xnn bnwkskz jkxwkkd xbkmk xbkzk azk EVS8 wk zkckz xn xbk edxkzskdedo ykx nc evs8 zn{xkzy jkxwkkd xwn evs3 zn{xkzy ay x{ddkl
Vznjlkm wexb m{lxeiayx inmm{deiaxend0 inmm{deiaxend0
zkiall m{lxeiayx 0 ey xbk hkleskzu nc mkyyaok nz edcnzmaxend xn a ozn{v nc hkyxedaxend inmv{xkzy yem{lxadkn{ylu ed yedolk xzadymeyyend cznm xbk yn{zk$emvlkmkdxkh ed ev m{lxeiayx
{hv‘ {hv‘{ykz haxaozam vznxninl vznxninl ey {yedo m{lxeiayx zn{xedo bnw xn ehkdxecu xbk zkikeskzy nc a m{lxeiayx haxaozam adh Vaok 93 nc 88
bnw xn ahhzkyy a haxaozam ykdx xn xbkyk zkikeskzy
Edxkzdkx ozn{v madaokmkdx vznxninl 0 M{lxeiayx zn{xedo0
xbk onal nc m{lxeiayx zn{xedo xbkd ey xn cedh a xzkk nc ledgy xbax inddkixy all nc xbk zn{xkzy xbax bask axxaibkh bnyxy jklndoedo xn xbk m{lxeiayx ozn{v $
cedh a xzkk xbax inddkixy all zn{xkzy wexb alzkahu inddkixkh bnyx xn all m{lxeiayx ozn{vy
Dax 0
ey vznikyy nc mnhecuedo ev ahhzkyy edcnzmaxend ed ev vaigkx bkahkzy wbelk ed xzadyex aiznyy a xzaccei zn{xedo hkseik ed xbk vzesaxk dkxwnzg xbk ev ahhzkyy ey hecckzkdx adh hecckzkdx adh wbkd ex inmky n{x nc xbk vzeskx dkxwnzg xbkd Dax oesky xbk v{jlei ev ahhzkyy
xzaik zn{xk 0
ey xnnl cnz heyvlauedo xbk zn{xk vaxb adh mkay{zedo xzadyex hklauy nc vaigkxy aiznyy ad edxkzdkx vznxninl
Aoozkoaxk zn{xkzy edxn zkoendy0 a{xndnmn{y yuyxkmy Zn{xkzy ed yamk ay z{d yamk zn{xedo vznxninl0 edxza Ay zn{xedo
edxkz Ay zn{xedo 0 xbk `nj ey xn lkazd wbeib hkyxedaxendy azk zkaibajlk xbzn{ob AY: nz AY9 vznvaoaxk xbey zkaibajelexu edcn xn all zn{xkzy ed AY1 xbey ey `nj nc AY zn{xedo
kjov 0 njxaed y{jdkx zkaibajlk edcnzmaxend edcnzmaxend cnz dkeobjnzedo ejov 0 vznvaoaxk zkaib ajelexu edcnzmaxend xn all AY edxkzdal zn{xkzy backz dnxky 0
xbk kyykdxeal ykzseik ey xn hkleskzu nc haxa cznm ndk kdh yuyxkm xn adnxbkz kdh yuyxkm
edxkzdkx vznxninl y{exk ibnyk xn emvlkmkdx zkleajlk hkleskzu ed xbk xzadyvnzx laukz {yedo XIV
Sezx{al iezi{ex0
Vaok 9? nc 88
ed si dkxwnzg inddkixendy azk kyxajleybkh ax xbk dkxwnzg laukz zaxbkz xbad ax xbk xzadyvnzx laukz $
jkia{yk zn{xkzy hkheiaxk zkyn{ziky xn a inddkixend si dkxwnzg iad magk o{azadxkky nc q{alexu nc ykzseiky cnz a clnw nc haxa ed inddkixend
ed evs8 xbkzk ey a ceklh 0 ehkdxeceiaxend 0
ehkdxeceiaxend ey a {deq{k eh cnz xbey haxaozam wbeib ey {ykh nd xbk zkikesedo kdh xn zkayykmjlk czaomkdxy$
Xbkzk azk xwn xuvky nc ev ahhzkyyky 0
{deiayx adh n
nskz xbk kdxezk edxkzdkx a {deiayx ahhzkyy ey ayynieaxkh wexb kraixlu ndk dkxwnzg edxkzcaik
m{lxeiayx n
yvkieceky nc {deiayx ev ahhzkyyky adh xbk ykx iad ibadok hudameiallu ay yuyxkmy `ned adh lkask xbk m{lxeiayx ozn{v
zkiall Dax " xn inmm{deiaxk wexb xbk olnjal edxkzdkx a xkibdeq{k iallkh dkxwnzg ahhzkyy xzadylaxend nz DAX ey {ykh xn mav vzesaxk ahhzkyyky xn olnjallu zn{xajlk ahhzkyyky Zn{xkz0 ey heoexal yuyxkm wbnyk v{zvnyk ey xn cnzwazh haxaozamy cznm ndk bnyx xn adnxbkz Zn{xkz vznxninl0 ey {ykh xn vznvaoaxk zn{xedo edcnzmaxend cznm ndk zn{xkz xn adnxbkz
zn{xedo vznxninl yncxwazk vznikyy xbey edcnzmaxend adh {yky ex xn hkcedk kdxzeky ed xbk zn{xkzy cnzwazhedo xajlk
xbk ev cnzwazhedo alonzexbm ey {ykh xn hkiehk wbeib dkxwnzg edxkzcaik ybn{lh jk {ykh xn xzadymex ad ev haxaozam h axaozam
xbk cnzwazhedo alonzexbm {yky xbk edcnzmaxend ed cnzwazhedo xajlk xn hkiehk wbeib edxkzcaik ybn{lh jk {ykh xn cnzwazh a haxaozam xnwazhy xbk hkyxedaxend
nz jayeiallu xbk cnzwazhedo xbk cnzwazhedo alonzexbm alonzexbm {yky xbk cnzwazhedo xajlk xn hkxkzmedk xbk dkrx bnv cnz xbk haxaozam Vaok 92 nc 88
{deiayx ev 0 a {diayx ev ahhzkyy iad jk ayyeodkh xn ax mnyx ndk dkxwnzg edxkzcaik
alyn un{ iad ayyeodkk m{lxe {diayx ev ahhzkyy xn a ndk edxkzcaik j{x un{ iad dnx ayyeodkk yamk {diayx ev ahhzkyy xn adnxbkz edxkzcaik
y{mmazu 0
cnzwazhedo xajlky bnlh xbk edcnzmaxend zkq{ezkh xn cnzwazh haxaozam―y cznm a yn{zik xn hkyxedaxend zn{xedo vznxninly azk {ykh xn kribadok zn{xedo edcnzmaxend adh {vhaxk xbk kdxzeky ed xbk cnzwazhedo xajlky$ Xbk ev cnzwazhedo alonzexbm kramedky xbk kdxzeky ed xbk cnzwazhedo xajlky xn hkiehk wbeib dkxwnzg edxkzcaik ybn{lh jk {ykh xn xzadymex a haxaozam
xbk ev ahhzkyy nc xbk dkrx zn{xkz alyn iallkh cezyx bnv zn{xkz nz oaxkwau alndo xbk zn{xk xn xbk hkyxedaxend xbey ceklh well jk d{ll ec a hkyxedaxend maxibedo xbk vzkcer ey nd xbk yamk y{jdkx adh xb{y iad jk hkleskzkh wexb dn c{zxbkz dkkh cnz cnzwazhedo ju a zn{xkz$ Mkxzei ed xbk cnzwazhedo xajlk ey xbk d{mjkz nc zn{xkzy xbax m{yx cnzwazh xbk haxaozam jkcnzk ex zkaibky exy hkyxedaxend HBIV 0 hudamei bnyx indceo{zaxend indceo{zaxend vznxninl 0
ey a dkxwnzg vznxninl xbax ey {ykh xn indceo{zk dkxwnzg hkseiky yn xbax xbku iad inmm{deiaxk nd ad ev dkxwnzg
A HBIV ilekdx {yky xbk hbiv vznxninl xn aiq{ezk indceo{zaxend edcnzmaxend edcnzmaxend y{ib ay ad ev ahhzkyy a hkca{lx zn{xk adh ndk mnzk hdy ykzskz ahhzkyyky cznm a hbiv ykzskz
Xbkd hbiv ilekdx xbkd {yky xbey edcnzmaxend xn indceo{zk exy bnyx
Ndik xbk indceo{zaxend vznikyy ey inmvlkxk xbk bnyx ey ajlk xn inmm{deiaxk nd xbk edxkzdkx
Xn zn{xk haxaozamy wexbed ad AY zn{xkzy inmm{deiaxk edcnzmaxend {yedo edxkzenz oaxkwau vznxninl
Zkiall AY 0 ad a{xndnmn{y a{xndnmn{y yuyxkm AY ey ozn{v nc dkxwnzgy legk ozn{v nc zn{xkzy {dhkz xbk indxznl nc a yedolk ahmedeyxzaxesk kdxexu
Vaok 95 nc 88
A zn{xk haxaozamy jkxwkkd AY―y zn{xkzy well inmm{deiaxk edcnzmaxend {yedo ad krxkzenz oaxkwau vznxninl--- KOV Xn inmm{deiaxk zn{xedo edcnzmaxend zn{xkzy {yk zn{xedo vznxninly
Heyxadik skixnz zn{xedo zn{xedo alonzexbm kribadok edcnzmaxend edcnzmaxend ed xbk cnzm nc hkyxedaxend adh mkxzei vaezy , hkyxedaxendy azk hkcedk ed xkzmy nc cnzwazhedo vzkcer adh
xbk mkxzei ey a vznvkzxu nc xbk kdxezk zn{xk xn xbk hkyxedaxend
Kaib zn{xkz v{jleybky a leyx nc hkyxedaxend adh mkxzei vaezy adh ykdhy xbkmk xn ah`aikdx zn{xkzy Xzeookzkh {vhaxk0 a{omkdxy xbk zkq{ezkmkdx cnz vkzenhei zn{xk {vhaxky wexb a zkq{ezkmkdx xbax a zn{xkz ykdh ad emmkheaxk {vhaxk wbkd xbk mkxzei cnz a zn{xk ibadok ib adok Zn{xkzy xbax zklau haxaozamy cznm ndk AY ndk AY xn adnxbkz adnxbkz azk iallkh jnzhkz jnzhkz nz jn{dhazu zn{xkzy$ zn{xkzy$ Zn{xkzy ed xbk edxkzenz nc ad AY azk edxkzenz zn{xkzy
Ibavxkz ; ledg laukz 0 Dnhky azk0 bnyx y adh zn{xkzy Haxa ledg laukz bay zkyvndyejelexu nc xzadyckzzedo nc xzadyckzzedo haxaozam cznm ndk dnhk xn vbuyeial ah`aikdx dnhk Vaigkx kribadokh ju a ledg laukz vznxninl azk vznxninl azk iallkh czamky adh xbax kaib ledg laukz czamk xuveiallu kdiavy{laxky ndk dkxwnzg laukz haxaozam Xbk dkxwnzg laukz vznxninl bay xbk dnhk xn dnhk `nj nc mnsedo a dkxwnzg laukz haxaozam nskz yedolk ledg ed xbk vaxb
Xzadyvnzxaxend adalnou 0
Kramvlk nc xzaskledo cznm Sadin{skz xn Xnzndxn
Xn{zeyx = haxaozam
Xzadyvnzx ykomkdx legk ykomkdx legk Sadin{skz Xnzndxn‘ Xnzndxn‘iexu = inmm{deiaxend inmm{deiaxend ledg Vaok 86 nc 88
Xzadyvnzxaxend Xzadyvnzxaxend mnhk legk aez vladk , xzaed xzaed =ledg laukz vznxninl
Xzaskl aokdx wbn vlad xbk xzev = zn{xedo alonzexbm
Xbk jayei ykzseik nc xbk ledg laukz ey xn mnsk haxaozamy cznm ndk dnhk xn ad ah`aikdx dnhk nskz a yedolk inmm{deiaxend ledg Czamedo nz ledg aiikyy0
A czamk indyeyx indyeyx nc nc a haxa ceklh ed wbeib xbk dkxwnzg laukz haxaozam ey edykzxkh adh d{mjkz nc bkahkz ceklhy
A haxa ledg vznxninl yvkieceky xbk yxz{ix{zk yxz{ix{zk nc xbk czamk ay wkll ay a ibaddkl aiikyy vznxninl xbax yvkieceky xbk z{lky ju wbeib a czamk ey xzadymexxkh ndxn xbk ledg
Mai ahhzkyyky
Ledg laukz ykzseiky 0
Clnw indxznl 0 n
_exbn{x clnw indxznl xbk zkikeskzy j{cckz iad nskzclnw adh czamky iad okx lnyx xn vzkskdx xbk ykdhedo dnhk nd ndk yehk nc a ledg cznm nskzwbklmedo xbk zkikesedo dnhk nd xbk nxbkz yehk nc xbk ledg wk {yk clnw indxznl
Kzznz hkxkixend n
Iad jk pkzn edykzxkh nc 1 adh xbey ia{yk ju klkixznmaodkxei dneyk
n
Adh xbkd xbkzk ey dn dkkh xn cnzwazh a haxaozam xbax bay ad kzznz
n
Kzznz hkxkixend well hkxkix xbk vzkykdik nc ndk nz mnzk kzznzy
n
Kzznz wbeib ia{ykh ju yeodal
n
Adh zkikeskz hkxkixy vzkykdik nc kzznzy 0
Yeodaly ykdhkz cnz zkxzadymex end nz hznvy czamk
Kzznz inzzkixend n
Yamk ay hkxkixend adh
n
Kzznz inzzkixend ey yemelaz xn kzznz hkxkixend krikvx xbax zkikeskz iad dnx ndlu hkxkix wbkxbkz kzznzy bask jkkd edxznh{ikh ed xbk czamk j{x iad alyn hkxkzmedk kraixlu wbkzk ed xbk czamk xbk kzznzy nii{zzkh
n
Zkikeskz ehkdxeceky adh inzzkix xbk jex kzznz
Balc h{vlkr adh c{ll h{vlkr Vaok 81 nc 88
n
_exb c{ll h{vlkr xzadymeyyend jnxb dnhky ax xbk kdhy nc a ledg mau xzadymex vaigkxy ax xbk yamk xemk
n
_exb balc h{vlkr dnhky ax jnxb kdhy nc ledg iad xzadymex j{x dnx ax yamk xemk
Ledg laukz emvlkmkdxkh ed kaib adh kskzu bnyx
Jnxb ledg laukz adh xzadyvnzx laukz iad vznsehk zkleajlk hkleskzu hkl eskzu j{x xbkzk zkleajlk hkleskzu azk dnx yamk ay kaib nxbkz n
A xzadyvnzx vznxninl vznxninl vznsehky zkleajlk hkleskzu jkxwkkd xwn vznikyyky nd ad kdh xn kdh jayey a
n
zkleajlk ledg vznxninl 0 vznsehky xbk zkleajlk hkleskzu ykzseik jkxwkkd xwn dnhky inddkixkh ju a yedolk ledg
Adh emvlkmkdxkh ed ahavxkz ay gdnwd ay dkxwnzg edxkzcaik iazh
Yikdazen nc ahavxkz―y nc ahavxkz―y inmm{deiaxend0
Ykdhedo yehk 0 n
Kdiavy{laxky haxaozam ed czamk
n
Ahh xbk kzznz ibkigedo jexy legk clnw indxznl
Zkikesedo yehk 0 n
Lnngy cnz kzznzy
n
Krxzaix haxaozam adh vayyedo ex xn {vvkz laukz ax zkikesedo yehk
Xwn xuvky nc dkxwnzg ledgy 0 n
Vnedx xn vnedx n
A vnedx xn vnedx ledg indyeyxy nc a yedolk ykdhkz nd ndk kdh nc xbk ledg adh yedolk zkikeskz ax xbk nxbkz kdh nc xbk ledg
n
Jznahiayx ledg n
Iad bask m{lxevlk ykdhedo adh zkikesedo dnhky all inddkixkh xn xbk yamk yedolk ybazkh jznahiayx ibaddkl
All dnhky azk iavajlk nc xzadymexxedo czamky mnzk xbad xwn dnhky iad xzadymex czamky ax xbk yamk xemk$ _bkd xbey bavvkdy all nc xbk dnhky zkikesk m{lxevlk czamky ax xbk yamk ya mk xemk xbax ey xbk xzadymexxkh czamky inllehk ax all ax all nc xbk zkikeskzy Vaok 8: nc 88
Ed nzhkz xn kdy{zk xbax jznahiayx xbax jznahiayx ibadok vkzcnzmy {ykc{l wnzg wbkd m{lxevlk dnhky azk aixesk ex ey dkikyyazu xn ynmkbnw innzhedaxk xbk xzadymeyyendy nc xbk aixesk dnhky, xbk innzhedaxend `nj ey xbk zkyvndyejelexu nc xbk m{lxevlk aiikyy vznxninl Camelu nc IYMA Iazzekz ykdyedo "ec a dnhk xzadym{xedo xzadym{xedo xn ibaddkl waex {dxel ey cedeyb%
a dnhk leyxkdy xn xbk ibaddkl jkcnzk xzadymexxedo xbey ey yamk ay wbkd ynmkndk klyk ey yvkagedo waex {dxel xbku azk hndk ,
n
Ec a czamk cznm adnxbkz dnhk ey i{zzkdxlu jkedo xzadymexxkh edxn xbk ibaddkl a dnhk xbkd waexy jaig ncc a zadhnm amn{dx nc xemk adh xbkd aoaed ykdyk xbk ibadok
Inlleyend hkxkixend"wbkd ey xzadyckzzedo ibkig ec nxbkzy wadx xn xzadyckz%
A xzadymexxedo xzadymexxedo dnhk leyxkdy xn xbk ibaddkl ibaddkl wbelk ex ey xzadymexxedo $ ec ex hkxkixy xbax adnxbkz dnhk ey xzadymexxedo ad edxkzckzedo czamk ex yxnvy xzadymexxedo adh {yky ynmk vznxninl xn hkxkzmedk wbkd ex ybn{lh dkrx xn xzadymex
n
LAD ahhzkyy ey iallkh vbuyeial ahhzkyy alyn iallkh Kxbkzdkx Kxbkzdkx ahhzkyy nz mai
n
dn xwn ahavxkzy bask yamk ahhzkyy
wbkd a dnhk wadxy xn ykdh a haxaozam xn nxbkz dnhky dkkhy xn gdnw xbk ev adh lad ahhzkyy j{x bnw hnky ex gdnw AZV ey zkyvndhy wexb inzzkyvndhedo laj ahhzkyy n
yn wk ykk xbax AVZ A VZ zkynlsky ad ev ahhzkyy xn lad ahhzkyy a hhzkyy
Czamedo0 wk dkkh xn jk ajlk xn xkll wbkd a czamk yxazxy adh kdhy , xbey ey iallkh czamedo $ Kzznz hkxkixend ed xbk ledg laukz0 ledg laukz zkxzadymeyyend ey xbk xkibdeq{k nc ibneik xn zkinskz cznm kzznzy kexbkz dkx hnky dnx vznsehk zkleajlk hkleskzu indxkdxend ylnx 0 n
ey xbk medem{m xemk edxkzsal zkq{ezkh cnz all yxaxendy xn ykdyk a inlleyend nc xwn czamky hkxkzmedkh cznm yeodal vznvaoaxend hklau adh LAD yepk lemex
Mnhkzd Kxbkzdkx 0 Vaok 89 nc 88
xbku hn dnx zkallu {yk IYMA‘ IYMA‘iazkkz ykdkyik m{lxevlk iayx edyxkah mnhkzd Kxbkzdkxy {yk ywexibkh b{jy wexb vnzxy edxkzinddkixkh ju a ywexibedo cajzei iavajlk nc beob yvkkh haxa xzadyckz
Ywexibkh b{j 0 n
a ywexibkh b{v ywexibky czamky jkxwkkd vnzxy `{yx ay zn{xkz ywexibky haxaozamy jkxwkkd vnzxy j{x ex magky exy cnzwazhedo hkieyendy jaykh nd ledg laukz ahhzkyyky edyxkah nc dkxwnzg laukz ahhzkyyky
mnhkzd yxnzk adh cnzwazh b{jy vznsehk xbk iavajelexu xn j{cckz a czamk jkcnzk cnzwazhedo ex xn xbk yvkiecekh n{xv{x vnzx n
ndk nc xbk c{x{zky nc mnhkzd Kxbkzdkx ey xbax xbk yuyxkm mau dkskz yka inlleyend
cnz kcceiekdiu nc ykdhedo a ev haxaozam 0 n
a {dhkzluedo ayy{mvxend cnz kcceiekdiu ey xbax bnyx xbax bnyx well maedxaed a iaibk nc dkxwnzg laukz xn ledg laukz ahhzkyy xzadylaxendy $
n
wbkd a bnyx ey zkahu xn ykdh ad ev haxaozam ex cezyx ibkigy xbey iaibk ia ibk xn ykk ec ex alzkahu gdnwy xbk ayynieaxkh ledg laukz ahhzkyy
bnw hnky AVZ " ahhzkyy zkynl{xend vznxninl wnzgy
0
Vaok 88 nc 88
