Comunitatea Europeana Romania Judetul Tulcea Consiliul Local Nufaru Primaria Comunei Nufaru
STRATEGIA DE DEZVOLTARE A COMUNEI NUFARU
concept Ca ansamblu de politici si strategii ale autoritatilor publice centrale si locale, elaborate in scopul imbunatatirii performantelor performantelor economice ale unor arii geografice constituite constituite in Regiuni de dezvoltare si care beneficiaza de sprijinul Guvernului Romaniei, al Uniunii Europene, al altor autoritatii nationale si internationale strategia de dezvoltare regionala trebuie sa porneasca porneasca de la nevoile de dezvoltare locala, pe care sa le sincronizeze cu cele de dezvoltare regionala. Strategia de dezvoltare locala a comunei Nufaru, trebuie sa fie in stransa legatura cu Planul de Dezvo Dezvolta ltare re Region Regionala ala al regiun regiunii ii din care care face face parte parte zona zona respec respectiv tiva a si prior priorita itatil tile e identificate de Planul National de Dezvoltare. Obiectivul general al strategiei de dezvoltare regionale ramane: cresterea cresterea gradului de atractivita atractivitate te si competitiv competitivitate itate al regiunil regiunilor or prin imbunatat imbunatatirea irea infrastru infrastructur cturii ii economic economice, e, infrastructurii infrastructurii de transport si intarirea coeziuni sociale. Fara inlaturarea disparitatilor intraregionale obiectivele strategiei de dezvoltare regionala nu pot fi indeplinite. Inlaturarea acestor disparitati presupune presupune la nivel de regiune regiune urmatoarele urmatoarele prioritatii: prioritatii: - dezvoltarea si reabilitarea infrastructurii infrastructurii de transport - dezvoltarea mediului de afaceri - dezvoltarea rurala - dezvoltarea resurselor umane si a serviciilor sociale La nivelul Regiunii Sud-Est, a doua ca suprafata, din care face parte si judetul Tulcea, Strategia de Dezvoltare Regionala Regionala a identificat prin dezbatere publica publica cinci obiective specifice: specifice:
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Dezvoltarea unor produse de marca regionala si promovarea unor afaceri specifice regiunii ;
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Asigurarea suportului suportului de infrastructura infrastructura pentru dezvoltare durabila ;
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Integrarea socio-economica socio-economica a grupurilor grupurilor si comunitatilor dezavantajate ;
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Dezvoltarea de retele parteneriale si actiune strategica coordonata coordonata ;
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Promovarea economiei bazata pe cunoastere si formare continua Stateg Stategia ia de Dezvo Dezvolta ltare re Locala Locala a comun comunei ei Nufar Nufaru u porne porneste ste de la acest aceste e obiec obiectiv tive e
specifice, propunandu-si adancirea specificitatii prin sub-obiective care indeplinite vor reduce disparitatea sociala si economica la nivel judetean si regional dintre localitatea noastra si celelalte zone mai dezvoltate. Dezvoltar Dezvoltarea ea locala locala a comunei comunei Nufaru Nufaru presupu presupune ne indeplini indeplinirea rea unor unor politici politici locale locale si zonale multianuale, elaborate participativ, prin investitii in sectoare prioritare, care sa conduca la imbunatatirea potentialului economic si social al comunei. Acest obiectiv local poate fi atins printr-un set de masuri integrate care presupun investitii in :
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Reabilitarea infrastructurii de transport, a cailor de comunicatie locala de acces spre zonele agricole si spre cele cu potential turistic, precum si de siguranta a traficului;
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Reabilitarea ecologica a zonelor publice cu valoare turistica si istorico-culturala;
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Dezvoltarea infrastucturii de afaceri;.
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Implementarea de proiecte care sa raspunda nevoilor de locuri de munca.
Implementarea unor asemenea masuri presupune un Plan de Dezvoltare Locala elaborat participativ, care sa reflecte cat mai fidel nevoile obtiunile si deciziile cetatenilor precum si disponibilitatea acestora de implicare in problemele comunitatii. comunitatii. Planul trebuie sa reprezinte radiografia generala a comunei, detalierea directiilor strategice de dezvoltare si rezultatul implicarii tuturor factorilor interesati, responsabili si relevanti de la nivelul comunei. Planul largeste perspectiva cunoasterii zonei-comunitatii, prin precizarile si clarificarile aduse astfel incat toate oportunitatile de dezvoltare si de finantare a proiectelor propuse sa poata utiliza un plan strategic ca document de referinta in planificarea, metodologia folosita, implementarea, monitorizarea si evaluarea masurilor aplicate. Planul trebuie sa reprezinte cel mai important ghid in procesul de crestere a capacitatii autoritatilor locale de a-si planifica si elabora proiectele, a identifica si gestiona sursele de finantare in conformitate cu exigentele Uniunii Europene.
precursor Incepand cu anul 2007 Romania face parte din Comunitatea Europeana, iar Comunitatea
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Obiectivul proiectului este acela de a facilita participarea comunitatilor dezavantajate din punct de vedere al accesului la informatie la societatea bazata pe cunoastere, in acord cu strategia guvernamentala de integrare in Uniunea Europeana. Proiectul “Economia bazata pe cunoastere” a fost initiat de Guvernul Romaniei, prin Ministerul Comunicatiilor si Tehnologiei Informat Informatiei, iei, cu sprijinul sprijinul Bancii Bancii Mondiale Mondiale.. Proiectu Proiectull contribu contribuie ie la extinder extinderea ea accesulu accesuluii la tehnologiile informationale si de comunicatii moderne si la imbunatatirea cunostintelor de utilizare a calculatorului pentru cetatenii comunitatilor selectate, dezvoltarea si promovarea serviciilor de e-government, modernizarea procesului educational precum si la promovarea com comertu ertulu luii
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In orizontul de timp 2006-2010, Proiectul „Economia Bazata pe Cunoastere” va crea un model de dezvoltare al societatii informationale moderne in Romania declansand un proces ireversibil de schimbare culturala culturala si de imbunatatire imbunatatire a calitatii vietii. Proiectul cuprinde urmatoarele componente: 1. Extinderea Extinderea accesului accesului la tehnolog tehnologiile iile ITC si imbunata imbunatatirea tirea cunostintelor cunostintelor de utilizare a calculatorului calculatorului 1.1 Imbunatatirea accesului la informatie prin intermediul RECL Obiectiv: imbunatatirea accesului la mijloacele de Tehnologia Informatiei si Comunicatiilor
(TIC) pentru comunitate, dezavantajata pana atunci, prin intermediul Retelei Electronice ale Comunitatii Locale (RECL). Proiectul va conecta comunitatea la Internet de banda larga si la alte 250 de comunitati similare similare servind la un loc ca „centru „centru de cunoaste cunoastere”, re”, furnizare furnizare de informati informatii, i, servicii servicii si comunicare catre cetateni, administratia publica locala si mediul de afaceri. 1.2 Dezvoltarea resurselor umane ale comunitatilor locale Obiectiv: Susti Sustine nerea rea de activi activitati tati menite menite sa creas creasca ca poten potential tialul ul pentr pentru u acumu acumular larea ea
cun cunoast oaste erii rii prin mijl mijlo oacel acele e Teh Tehnologi logie ei Inf Informati matiei ei si Comunicat icatii iilo lorr (TIC TIC) Prin Prin aceast aceasta a subco subcompo mpone nenta nta se urmar urmarest este e acumu acumular larea ea unui unui nivel nivel optim optim de abilit abilitati ati,, cunostinte si competente in domeniul TIC, ceea ce va asigura o calitate superioara serviciilor implementate si sustenabilitatea sustenabilitatea retelei. Aceasta subcomponen subcomponenta ta va sprijini activitatile de formare pentru alfabetizare digitala si implementarea unor proiecte culturale locale menite sa sustina dezvoltarea durabila. 1.3 Implementarea tehnologiei tehnologiei informatiei si si comunicatiilor in scoli Obiectiv: Cresterea calitatii procesului procesului educational educational din scolile gimnaziale, prin prin integrarea si
extinderea mijloacelor de tehnologia tehnologia informatiei si comunicatiilor comunicatiilor(( TIC) in procesul didactic si formarea resurselor umane in domeniul TIC. Dotar lilor din Nufa si Malcoci Malcoci mijlo didactice didactice si echi nte informati informati
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posibilitatea sa contribuie in mod activ la valoarea adaugata a procesului educational si sa isi dezvolte criterii personale de selectare si utilizare a informatiei. 2. Dezvoltarea si promovarea serviciilor de e-government 2.1 Sistem electronic pentru inregistrarea online a persoanelor fizice autorizate si a asociatiilor familiale Obiectiv: Inlesnirea unei relatii de calitate intre administratia locala si mediul de afaceri prin
reducerea proceselor consumatoare de resurse pentru obtinerea statutului de persoana fizica autorizata sau asociatie familiala. Acest Acest efect efect se va obtine obtine introducand introducand un sistem eficient, eficient, on-line, on-line, de comunicare comunicare intre utilizator utilizator si diferite diferite institutii institutii implicate implicate in procesu procesull de inregistr inregistrare, are, operare operare si arhivare arhivare a intreprinzatorilor particulari locali. Prin acest sistem se va asigura si consolidarea unui flux organizat organizat de tranzactii tranzactii si activitati activitati gestiona gestionatt prin implementar implementarea ea unei unei aplicatii aplicatii locale locale de management de documente. 2.2 Sistem Sistem integrat pentru emiterea documentelor de stare stare civila civila pentru cetateni Obiectiv: Asigurar Asigurarea ea deservir deservirii ii rapide, rapide, transpar transparente ente,, corecte corecte si eficient eficiente e a cetatenilo cetatenilorr ce
solicita admini inistratiilor lor locale emite iterea documentelor de stare civila. la. Conceptul care sta la baza acestui sistem este ghiseul unic de servicii comunitare, aflate in cadrul primariilor de comuna si oras. Sistemul va asigura conexiuni cu baza de date de evidenta evidenta informa informatizata tizata a persoan persoanei ei existenta existenta actualmente actualmente la nivel nivel central central cu ramificat ramificatii ii judetene. 3. Promovarea comertului electronic si acordarea de asistenta financiara si tehnica pentru adoptarea adoptarea solutiilor solutiilor inovative in IMM-uri 3.1 Crearea portalului pentru promovarea comertului electronic si a retelelor de business (eStore) Obiectiv: Promovarea Promovarea interactiunii in acelasi spatiu virtual a intreprinzatorilor intreprinzatorilor din mediul de
afaceri local Sistemul Sistemul va constitui constitui un mediu mediu prielnic prielnic de promovar promovare e a solutiilo solutiilorr tip e-commerce e-commerce si ebusin business ess care care creaz creaza a o noua noua cultu cultura ra de interinter-rel relati ation onare are intre intre agenti agentiii econo economic mici. i. Ponderea dominanta dominanta a agentilor economici din mediul rural si mic urban este reprezentata de persoanele fizice autorizate, asociatii familiale si microintreprinderi microintreprinderi care au astfel la dispozitie un me meca cani nism sm cu ajut ajutor orul ul caru caruia ia isi isi pot pot efic eficie ient ntiz iza a activ activit itat atea ea si cres creste te nive nivelu lull de competitivitate economica. 3.2 Acordarea de finantari nerambursabile intreprinzatorilor locali Obiectiv: Familiarizarea sectorului intreprinderilor intreprinderilor mici si mijlocii cu tehnologii inovative, de
inalta productivitate, care pot asigura sustenabilitatea si trecerea la un mediu de afaceri performant. Acest mecanism ofera sprijin intreprinzatorilor sau grupurilor de intreprinzatori particulari in efortul acestora de adoptare a solutiilor inovatoare tip e-business cu scopul de a imbunatati competitivitatea acestora pe pietele nationale si internationale.
Gandim global, actionam local Obiectivele Proiectului Economia Bazata pe Cunoastere, amploarea acestuia si nu in ultim ultimul ul rand rand dorint dorinta a pe care care o emana emana intrea intreaga ga lui desfasu desfasurar rare e de a ajuta ajuta la descop descoperi erirea rea de sine sine a comuni comunitat tatii ii si promo promovar varea ea ei, alatur alaturii de deschi deschider derea ea si apetitul cu care acesta a fost primit, pe fondul lipsei unei ocupatii sugestive locale in perioada anterioara, conduc la formarea ideii de dezvoltare a Retelei Electronice a
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Administratia Nufaru va cere personalului Retelei Electronice a Comunitatii Locale si o va sprijini sa elaboreze in primele luni de la aprobarea functionarii ei, un plan de dezvoltare a carui obiectiv va fi infiriparea nevoii de cunoastere in sanul fiecarei familii din comunitate si a modalitatii eficiente de satisfacere a ei intru progresul familiei si o data cu ea a comunitatii. Reflectie
In concordanta cu obiectivele poiectului “Economia Bazata pe Cunoastere” si cu procesul de planificare strategica, oficialii locali, atat cei alesi cat si cei numiti, s-au intalnit sa discute problemele actuale si sa identifice cateva din provocarile carora Primaria Comunei Nufaru trebuie sa le faca fata. Aceasta trecere in revista a situatiei prezente a inceput in primavara acestui an. Informatiile adunate au format o importanta baza pentru analiza SWOT (Puncte tari, Puncte slabe, Oportunitati si Amenintari), care a fost coordonata de grupul de lucru comunitar in toamna primului an al proiectului. Implemena Implemenatrea trea principii principiilor lor dezvoltar dezvoltarii ii durabile durabile la nivel nivel local, local, inseamna inseamna pentru pentru inceput inceput identi identific ficare area a proble probleme melor lor social sociale, e, econo economic mice e si de protec protectie tie a me mediu diului lui si formu formular larea ea obiectivelor ce trebuie atinse. Acestea urmeaza a se materializa intr-o strategie care mai este cunoscuta si sub numele „Agenda 21 Locala”. Aceasta va fi aplicata prin planuri locale de actiune actiune si proiecte proiecte concrete concrete care sa solutione solutioneze ze problem problemele ele sociale, sociale, economice economice si de protectie a mediului existente.
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Comuna Nufaru – localizare Comuna Nufaru este alcatuita din satul Nufaru, satul Malcoci, satul Victoria si satul Ilganii de jos. Satul Nufaru, centrul comunal, se afla la 12 km de municipiul Tulcea – resedinta de judet – pe drumul judetean 222C. Pe acelasi drum judetean se afla satul Malcoci la 4 km de Nufaru spre Tulcea si satul Victoria la 5 Km de Nufaru spre Mahmudia. Iar satul Ilganii de Jos este despartit de Nufaru doar de bratul Sf. Gheorghe (fluviul Dunarea).
Cetatea bizantina Proslavita (sec x) ascunsa inca sub satul Nufaru
Comuna Nufaru – repere istorice Satul Nufaru este situat pe malul drept al bratului Sfantul Gheorghe (cel mai vechi brat al Dunarii). Cele mai vechi urme arata ca asezarea exista inca dinaintea anului 1000 en. Au fost descoperite urme din epoca fierului, urmate in timp de vestigii ale epocii romane si romano-bizantine, descoperiri concentrate in capatul nordic al promotorului nufarean. Din aceasta ultima perioada se remarca 2 turnuri de supraveghere a liniei Dunarii. Denumirea istorica a satului Nufaru este PRISLAVA. Aceasta este mentionata in lucrari istorice ca o localitate prin care a trecut cneazul Svitaslav Igorevici al Kievului (decedat in anul 973) in drumul sau spre Bulgaria. Vasile Parvan arata in lucrarea Inceputurile vietii romane la gurile Dunarii ca la Prislava Prislava se aflau aflau cladiri cladiri insemnat insemnate e cu ziduri foarte puternice, puternice, de grosime grosime neobisnuita pentru o intaritura trecatoare.Tot el ne spune despre frumoasele cladiri antice chiar cu zugraveli pe pereti,arata ca inflorirea acestor tinuturi era mare si ca populatia care se misca peste apa era insemnata.Di insemnata.Din n descoper descoperirile irile si cercetar cercetarile ile efectuate efectuate recent s-a demonstrat ca la Nufaru a existat o cetate oras ridicata in vremea lui Ion Tzinikes in ultimul sfert al sec a X-lea odata cu recucerirea regiunii Dunarii Dunarii de jos de catre imperiul bizantin. Numele de Proslavita cunoscut in cartografia evului mediu i s-a suprapus numele asezarii
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In urma urma desco descoper periri irilor lor arheo arheolog logice ice s-au s-au scos scos la lumina lumina ceram ceramica ica,un ,unelt elte e de uz casnic casnic,ar ,arme, me,pie piese se de harnas harnasame ament, nt,obi obiect ecte e de podo podoaba aba…o …o mare mare cantita cantitate te de moned monede e bizantine, sigilii (din plumb unul apartinand lui Vasile Apokapes).Totodata s-au descoperit si morminte din acea perioada peste care s-au suprapus urme de locuire si morminte din epoca medievala (sec XII-XIII). Localitatea apare in harti in sec xvi si xvii, intocmit de Ortelius,Mercator si Zanoni in ultima dintre acestea apare sub forma Crislova.In harta austriaca di 1790, asezarea o gasim notata sub denumirea de Krislov.Harta Krislov.Harta ruseasca i ntocmita in urma razboiului din 1828-1829 noteaza si ea localitatea.Aceasta mai apare si in Fondul Tapiurilor Otomane din 1864-1877.In 1864-1877.In sec al XVIII lea, satul va fi in dese randuri distrus de incendiile provocate de incursiunile cerkezilor,insa cerkezilor,insa el se va reface de fiecare data. Razboiul Razboiul ruso-tur ruso-turc c din 182 1828-18 8-1829 29 va duce la distruger distrugerea ea orasului orasului Tulcea,ia Tulcea,iarr pentru pentru popularea lui sunt adusi aici de catre guvernul otoman locuitori crestini din Prislava.Acestia vor forma chiar o mahala,,Mahalaua Prislavenilor”. Satul Prislav mai este mentionat si in preajma razboiului pentru neatarnare cand la sfarsitul dominatiei otomane 1877 armata rusa au ocupat orasul Tulcea la 12 mai 1877. Satul Ilganii de Jos - este asezat pe malul stang al bratului Sfantu Gheorghe. Din cercetarile intreprinse si din cele aflate de la locuitorii mai varstnici arata ca la Ilgani au existat fortificatii de piatra.Din pacate materialele din care au fost facute au fost scoase si folosite in secolul trecut la realizarea altor constructii. Cert este ca ne aflam in fata unor marturii din care tragem concluzia ca aici la Nufaru si Ilgani, pe ambele maluri ale Dunarii, au existat existat intaritur intariturii puternic puternice, e, despre despre care publicistul publicistul Simion Simion Saveanu Saveanu afirma afirma pe buna buna dreptate, ca puteau impiedica in orice moment trecerea navelor. Este suficient sa privim de pe promotoriu pe care ni-l ofera pozitia asezarii de la Nufaru, pentru a intelege cat de bine a fost ales acest loc pentru scopul aratat mai sus. Este al 2 lea caz pe care-l intalnim pe traseul Dunarii noastre. Satul s-a reinfiintat la sfarsitul sec al XIX-lea de catre ambitiosul prefect Ion Nenitescu, in programul sau de populare a Deltei Dunarii. In 1970 satul a fost acoperit partial de ape in urma inundatiilor, dar dupa retragerea lor populatia s-a restabilit continuindu-si continuindu-si viata. Satul Malcoci. Numele de Malcoci al asezarii de la 7 km est de Tulcea, in vecinatatea bratului Sf Gheorghe, il intalnim inca din anul 1541 cand pasa de Kilia era Malcoci Oglu. Este posibil ca numele lui sa fi ajuns numele localitatii (M.D. Ionescu). De asemenea asezarea este mentionata si in Fondul Tapiurilor Otomane din 1864. Localitatea in sine este intemeiata la inceputul veacului al XIX-lea de o colonie de germani alsacieni aflati sub conducerea lui Ignatiu Hoffart – ucis de turci in timpul razboiului din Crimeea. Ion Ionescu de la Brad gaseste in 1850 la Malcoci 50 de familii de germani care se ocupau cu cresterea vitelor in
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Comuna Nufaru – asezare geografica Comuna Nufaru este situata in partea de nord-est a judetului Tulcea, in imediata vecinatate a Deltei Dunarii, partea de nord a comunei situindu-se pe bratul Sfantul Gheorghe si teritoriul comunei Maliuc,
-
la nord-est, teritoriul comunei Bestepe,
-
la sud, teritoriul comunei Valea Nucarilor,
- la vest, teritoriul cadastral Tulcea. Comuna Nufaru, alcatuita din localitatile, Nufaru, Malcoci si Victoria, din punct de vedere geografic se dezvolta pe malul drept al Dunarii, in partea de nord a colinelor Mahmudiei, in zona de racord a acestora in ingusta lunca a Dunarii, ce se dezvolta pe malul drept al bratului Sf. Gheorghe. Cea dea patra localitate a comunei este Ilganii de Jos, care se gaseste vis-a-vis de centrul comunal, pe malul sting al bratului bratului Sf. Gheorghe. Gheorghe. Localitatea Malcoci se dezvolta dezvolta in cea mai mare parte pe versantul nordic al Dealului Malcoci in lungul uneia din vaile torentiale ce ferestruieste colinele colinele Mahmudiei, Mahmudiei, iar la nord bratul Sf.Gheorghe. Sf.Gheorghe.
In zona joasa de lunca, terenul este plan, cu o usoara panta de l a vest la est. Valea pe care se dezvolta cea mai mare parte a localitatii au profilul profilul de’’V’’ cu pante accentuate accentuate ce converg spre fundul vaii. Satul Malcoci este amplasat in partea de NV a teritoriului comunal, fiind traversat de DJ 222C. Satul face parte din tipul asezarilor cu forma tentaculara, dezvoltat dea- lungul cailor de
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Ilganii de jos, situata vis-a-vis de Nufaru, se dezvolta de-a lungul bratului stang al Dunarii, in plina Delta. Suprafata ocupata de localitate este plana, joasa, foarte umeda si inundabila. Ca toate toate locali localitat tatile ile din Delta Delta locali localitat tatea ea Ilgani Ilganiii de Jos Jos este este indigu indiguita ita.. Locali Localitate tatea a nu s-a dezvoltat, ea fiind propusa pentru dezafectare. Stabilirea zonelor functionale ale teritoriului adminis-trativ al comunei, s-a facut pe baza planurilor cadastrale si datelor puse la dispozitie de O.C.A.O.T.A.Tulcea. O.C.A.O.T.A.Tulcea. Comuna Nufaru – administrativ Suprafata terenului administrativ 5396.20 5396.20 ha, din care -77.0 -77.02% 2% reprez reprezint inta a teren teren agrico agricol, l, situat situat in sudu sudull terito teritoriu riului lui (teren (terenuri uri vitico viticole, le, pomicole, silvice,pasuni) silvice,pasuni) -12.6% - paduri, reprezentate reprezentate de plantatii de plopi si salcii, in partea de N-V si N-E. -6.92% - ape, reprezentata de bratul Sfantu Gheorghe, ce traversea teritoriul comunal in treimea de nord. -1.12%- drumuri, drumuri, reprezentate reprezentate de drum judetean judetean 222C ce leaga toate localitatile localitatile de la vest la est -drumuri stradale din intravilanul localitatilor -drumuri de exploatare -2.07%- curti constructii, reprezentate de constructiile aferente locuintelor, dotari, constructii tehnico-edilitare tehnico-edilitare din trupurile principale ale localitatilor. -0.71%-teren neproductiv, reprezentat de puncte stancoase,cu riscuri naturale sau inundabile. Repartizarea suprafetelor din teritoriu administrativ.
Agricol
Paduri
Ape
Drumuri
Curti Constr
Neprod
4442,424
700,06
398,90
24,91
39,09
31,83
Agricol 39,09 31,83 398,9 24,91
Paduri
700,06
Ap e Drumuri 4442,424
Curti Constr Neprod
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81,57
Agricol
9,25
Paduri
39,08 0 1,,1 47 1
Ap e
239,976
Drumuri Curti Curti Const r Neprod
Fig.1.7.Repartizarea suprafetelor din intravilan. Agricol Paduri Ape Drumuri 239,976 1,41 0,17 39,08
81,57
Curti Constr 81,57
Neprod 9,25
9,25 Agricol Paduri
39,08 0,17 1,41
239,976
Ape Drumuri Curti Constr Neprod
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genere genere mai accen accentua tuate; te; alta, alta, in care care predo predomin mina a stratu straturil rile e orizo orizonta ntale le sau apropi apropiate ate de orizontala ( regiunile de platforma ), cu forme de relief mai scunde, cu pante mai domoale si vai largi. ’’ Comuna Nufaru este formata din localitatile : Nufarul, Malcoci, Ilganii de Jos si Victoria. Din punct de vedere geografic, suprafata judetului Tulcea se poate poate imparti in doua categorii principale de unitati geografice regionale: inalte si joase. Regiunile geografice geografice inalte sunt dispuse in trei mari fsii paralele intre ele, ce corespund unitatilor structural- geologice : -fasia de nord, care se suprapune unitatii de vechi orogen hercinic si kimmeric si cuprinde trei regiuni geografice :Muntii Macinului, Dealurile Niculitelului si Dealurile Tulcei, ca trepte care scad in altitudine de la vest la est. -fasi -fasia a de mijloc mijloc,, care care core corespu spund nde e struct structur ural al si morfo morfolog logic ic unei unei singu singure re regiun regiunii geografice Bazinului Babadagului. -fasia de dud, care corespunde numai o parte a Podisului Casimcea, in special nordul si nord-vestul, nord-vestul, restul apartinand judetului Constanta. Caracterul principal, principal, in afara de relief si structura structura geologica, geologica, care diferentiaza net net unitatile geografice inalte de cele joase consta in umezirea insuficienta si slaba a solurilor in perioada calda a anului. Regiunile geografice geografice joase ocupa periferia judetului Tulcea din vestul, nordul si estul lui. Din aceste aceste regiuni regiuni geografic geografice e joase fac fac parte parte : Campia Campia aluviala aluviala a Dunarii Dunarii ( lunca lunca ), Delta Dunarii, Campia Litorala a Razelmului ( partea nordica ). Localitatil Localitatile e care formeaza formeaza comuna comuna Nufaru Nufaru se dezvolta dezvolta pe regiune regiunea a geograf geografica ica a Dealurilor Tulcei-Colinele Mahmudiei (Malcoci, Nufaru, Victoria) si regiunea goografica joasa a Deltei Dunarii ( Ilganii de Jos ).
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Morfologic caracteristica reliefului o constituie insularitatea masivelor deluroase cu versanti, prelungi, acoperiti acoperiti de loess si altitudinea mica, cum apar si in colinele Mahmudiei, din partea de est a zonei. Insularitatea masivelor deluroase se datoreste atat eroziunii efectuate de agenti externi, cat si inecarii lor in patura groasa de loess, care ocupa o suprafata foarte mare. Culmea principala nordica, formata din Dealurile Parchesului, Somovei Redii, Beiului si Bestepe ( cele cinci dealuri ) cu altitudine maxima de 243m, este destul de ondulata, cu multe inseuari si masive izolate cu roci dure. Spre est, peste pasul Murighiol apar numai cateva dealuri cu inaltimi sub 100 m ce ajung ajung pana la satele Dunavat, in extremitatea acestui pinten, inecate in loess si dune de nisip. Partea sudica a regiunii Tulcea este mult mai fragmentata. Partea nordica a localitatilor ce alcatuiesc comuna Nufaru ( Malcoci, Victoria, Nufaru ) si in intregime localitatea Ilganii de Jos, se dezvolta in re-giunea geografica joasa a campiei aluviale Lunca Dunarii si Delta Dunarii. Delta Dunarii constituie cea mai complexa regiune geografica, geografica, dar si cea mai unitara sub toate aspectele. Caracterele principale care scot in evedenta personalitatea geografica a Deltei Dunarii constau in Predominarea reliefului negativ fata de cel pozitiv, Elementele geografice geografice principale de care este legata viata organica si activitatea omului le constituie hidrografia si relieful. Cele trei brate principale :Chilia, Tulcea, Sulina si Sfantu Gheorghe, desi prezinta acelasi caracter divergent spre mare, se disting intre ele printr-o serie de caractere proprii. Astfel, bratul Sulina, prin pozitia lui centrala si prin gradul mic de sinu-ozitate, a fost canalizat, constituind artera principala a Deltei. Ca si celelalte localitati descrise mai sus si acest versant este ferestruit de o serie de vai torentiale in ’’V’’ si cu pante accentuate. Inspre nord de partea inalta si de promontoriu se dezvolta o zona de lunca a bratului Sfantu Gheorghe ca si celelalte zone joase descrise pentru localitatile Malcoci si Nufaru este inundabila.
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Vanturile din nord ating o frecventa mare iarna, vara adaugandu-se cele de vest si nord-vest, iar primavara cele din sud-est. ”Vantul de vest este o componeneta a circulatiei generale a atmosferei. El are sursa de formare in anticiclonul azoric, mai rar in sectorul nordic al Atlanticului. Penduleaza vara spre nord-vest, nord-vest, iar iarna spre sud-vest. Vara bate pe la nordul Alpilor, iarna peste Mediterana, aducand ploi sau uneori lapovita .Acesta este un vant caldut si umed, provocand mai ales precipitatiile de la finele primaverii si inceputul verii.,, Reteaua hidrografica ’’Reteaua apelor curgatoare, reprezentata de cele 4295 de rauri, este colectata, in cea mai mare parte, de Dunare, doar micile rauri dobrogene care se varsa in complexul lagunar Razim sau, prin limana maritime, in Marea Neagra nu apartin bazinului dunarean.’’ Reteaua hidrografica a zonei studiate este dominata de bratul Sfantu Gheorghe al Dunarii. In afara de acest mare emisar (bratul Sfantu Gheorghe), zona studiata (versantii nordici nordici ai Colinelor Colinelor Mahmudi Mahmudiei) ei) mai este ferest ferestruita ruita de o serie serie de vai torentiale torentiale fara apa permanenta, care da aspectul de zona foarte framantata. Din punct de vedere hidrogeologic apa subterana din zona este foarte saraca, daca nu chiar poate fi considerata ca inexistenta in localitatile de pe continent (Nufaru, (Nufaru, Victoria, Malcoci) In zona de lunca si in Delta Dunarii (Ilganii De Jos), apa subterana este aproape de suprafata terenului. Nivelul acesteia este direct influentata de nivelul apei in bratul Sfantu Gheorghe. Intrucat depozitele de leoss si leossoide sunt foarte groase, depozitele de apa de la baza acestora nu au fost detectate sub nici o forma. ’’Lacurile din lunca Dunarii erau mult mai numeroase in prima jumatate a secolului XX, ulter ulterior ior fiind fiind drena drenate, te, deseca desecate te si transf transfor ormat mate e in tere-n tere-nur urii agrico agricole. le. Ele sau form format at in microdepresiunile din lunca sau prin efectul schimbarii albiei si parasirii unor meandre, dau brate, fiind supuse fluctuati-ilor de nivel ale raurilor sau fluviului care le ali menteaza.Este cazul lacurilor Lunca Banului, Prundu din lunca Prutului; Bistretu, Suhaia, Calarasi, Nedeia, Potelu,
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Dealuri expuse pericolului eroziunii si alunecarilor de teren ’’Podisul Dobrogei Dobrogei se imparte in doua diviziuni : Masivul Dobrogei de Nord , mai inalt, mai vechi si mai complex ca alcatuire, si Podisul Dobrogei de Dobrogei de Sud , cu altitudine mai mica, cu relief si alcatuire geologica mai simpla. Masivul Dobrogei de Nord reprezinta un rest de munti vechi, cutati in fazele alkaliana la sud si hercinica la nord. Cu toate ca sunt alcatuiti din roci tari ( granite, calcare vechi, sisturi verzi etc. ) au suferit o puternica eroziune in decursul erelor geologice si au fost fragmentati prin rupturi tectonice, astfel ca in prezent au inaltimi de dealuri. In mare parte ( la sud si la est ) el prezinta culmi netede, fapt care indreptateste incadrarea acestui masiv intre podisuri.Fiind inconjurat de tinuturi mai joase ( sub 10 m in lunca si Delta Dunarii ) si rupturi de falie pe margine, el apare ca un horst, cu aspect destul destul de semet, mai ales in partea de nord-vest. ’’ Din punct de vedere geologic, localitatile care compun comuna Nufaru se dezvolta in
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Caracteristic loessului este porozitatea ridicata (45-50% ), cu pori vizibili cu ochiul liber, de forma tubulara, ceia ce usureaza ruperea depozitelor de loess pe fete verticale.Astfel malurile de loess se prezinta capereti vertical, cepot atinge i naltimi considerabile (10-40-50 (10-40-50 m). Loessul are o buna permeabilitate :in stare uscata, se desface usor la presare intre degete degete,, este este foarte foarte sensib sensibil il la um umezi ezire re si in contac contactt cu apa isipierd isipierde e consis consisten tente te si se prabuseste, ceea ce il face sa fie erodat usor. Leossul avand porozitatea porozitatea mare la foarte mare si fiind sensibil la umezire este si foarte compresibil.In contact cu apa, se prabuseste, prabuseste, ceea ce duce la accidente in constructii. Leossul tipic are culoare galbena. In Dogrogea, in general in baza leossului, se gaseste unstrat de lut rosu, depus probabil sub un climat cald si umed, asemanator cu solul ’’terra rossa’’, care se formeaza azi numai sub climatele calde si umede. Orizontul de lut rosu de la baza loessului este impermeabil, el are un rol important deoarece pastreaza deasupra sa panza de apa freatica. In depozitele de l oess galben se intalnesc orizonturi de culoare inchisa, cafenie, cafenie roscata, numite ’’soluri fosile’’, care corespund unor succesiuni de depuneri in timp. Exista roci care au anumite caractere ale loessuli tipic.Acestea formeaza grupa mare a depozitelor loessoide, care spre deosebire de loessul tipic pot avea culori variate (galbena, roscata, bruna, cenusie, etc.), porozitatea variata si pot prezenta o stratificatie evidenta, deci formand depozite mai putin uniforme. Din depozitele cuaternare, fac parte si depozitele delatice si aluvionare sau alte materiale remaniate care se intalnesc in lungul vailor, in lunca bratu-lui Sfantu Gheorghe Gheorghe si in Delta Dunarii. Stratigrafia acestor depozite este foarte variata atat pe verticala cat si pe orizontala. Stratele din aceste zone joase au o granulometrie granulometrie fina (nisipuri, prafuri, argile, maluri), de culoare inchisa : de la cenusiu la negru. In zonele foarte joase, unde apa balteste si mai ales in Delta Dunarii se intalnesc strate de mal si turba. Situata pe un fundament dobrogean dobrogean foarte vechi, scufundat scufundat si fragmentat sub forma de blocuri cu adancimi diferite ( un sistem de horsturi si grabe-bene, Delta Dunarii are in baza o
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Uneori aceasta umplutura este inlocuita cu un praf argilos spre nisipos, negru foarte umed. Stratificatia continua cu o argila prafoasa cafenie cenusie, plastic consistenta, cu grosime de circa 5m. In aceasta zona se intalneste apa subterana la adancimi mici, 1-3m de la suprafata terenului.Nivelul apei subterane este foarte variabil, fiind direct dictat de nivelul apei in bratul Sfantu Gheorghe. In zona joasa, in promontoarele promontoarele din din Nufaru, Malcoci, Malcoci, si Victoria sub stratul de umplutura se intalneste stanca. In localitatea Ilganii de Jos, terenul de fundare este alcatuit din formatiuni specifice specifice deltei: -in suprafata o umplutura neomogena neomogena creata pentru realizarea unei platforme pe care sase poata ridica constructiile; -in continuare se intalnesc nisipuri fine sau prafuri argiloase, de culoare cenusie cu intercalatii subtiri de argile si maluri negre, uneori turboase; Aceste formatiuni litologice au consistenta plastic vartoasa in suprafata, consistenta care scade cu adancimea pana la plastic moale, chiar plastic cur-gator. Intercalatiile de nisipuri fene fene cu putin putin liant liant argilo argilos s au tendin tendinte te de liche lichefie fiere re sub sub nivelu nivelull panzei panzei freat freatice ice,, care care se intalneste de la adancimea de 0.50-1.00m, de la suprafata terenului. Ca si in zona joasa (lunca) de pe malul drept al bratului Sf. Gheorghe si in delta nivelul panzei freatice este direct influentat de nivelul apelor din Dunare sau din lacurile invecinate. Toate constructiile din localitatile ce alcatuiesc comuna Nufaru, indi-ferent indi-ferent de categoria terenului fundare, se comporra bine, nu prezinta fixuri sau crapaturi care sa arate stari de nestabilitate a fundatiilor. Fata de cele expuse mai sus, se incearca a se schita o raionare geotehnica geotehnica a celor patru localitati. Legenda acestei raionari va fi aceeasi pentru toate localitatile si in functie de aceste raionari se incearca a se face recomandarile conditiilor de fundare. In cadrul raionarii, zona nr.1 figureaza cursul de apa al bratului Sfantu Gheorghe. Gheorghe. In zona nr.2 se incearca a se delimita aparitia la zi sau la mai putin de 2 m de la nivelul
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In cazul constructiilor cu regim de inaltime P+1 sau mare, fundarea se va face cu asigurarea incastrarii in teren de 1/10 din inaltimea acesteia. Terenul de fundare cu porozitatea si compresabilitatea mare, se reco-manda sa se faca indirect, prin intermediul unei perne generale de loess cu o grosime minima de 10.m fata de conturul exterior a fundatiilor. In aceasta situatie Pa=1.5daN/cm Pa=1.5daN/cm2 pentru sarcini fundamentale. Intrucat terenul are porozitate si compresabilitate mare, uneori cu sensibilitate la umezir umezire e se recoma recomanda nda a se lua masuri masuri de prote protejar jare e a instal instalati atiilo ilorr purta purtatoa toare re de apa cu respectarea prescriptiilor normativelor P7-92 si C29-85. Zona nr.5 reprezinta terenurile care se gasesc la cotele cele mai ridicate din cele trei localitati de pe continent (Nufaru, (Nufaru, Malcoci, Victoria ). Acestea sunt reprezentate prin loess galben, macroscopic, uscat, tare cu porozitate foarte mare, compresabilitate foarte mare si sensibil la umezire. In aceasta zona constructiile cu regim de inaltime ’’parter’’se pot funda direct, bineinteles dupa indepartarea stratului de pamant vegetal sau umplu-tura, la o adancime minima de 0.90m de la nivelul cel mai scazut al terenului de langa constructie.In aceasta situatie se va considera Pa=1.1 daN/cm2 pen-tru sarcini fundamentale. fundamentale. Terenul de fundare fiind sensibil sensibil la umezire, se vor lua masuri de a se derija astfel apele
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Se atrage atentia atentia asupra faptului faptului ca pentru pentru fazele urmatoar urmatoare e de proiecta proiectare re este necesara aprofundarea aprofundarea studiilor geotehnice pentru fiecare obiectiv in parte, din mai multe considerente considerente : -detectarea precisa a succesiunii stratelor si a caracteristicilor ale acestora; -detectarea [precisa [precisa a adancimii la care la care se intalneste atanca, (acolo unde este cazul) prin forare cu O 3’’ pe conturul conturul fiecarui fiecarui obiectiv in parte; parte; -efectuarea -efectuarea de sondaje deschise deschise in cazul in care care fundarea tivelor se face direct, direct, pentru a constata daca terenul prezinta sensibilitate la umezire.In cazul in care se constata sensibilitatea la umezire, se va scoate tot stratul sensibil, in functie de importanta obiectivului sau de succesiunea stratificatiei, dupa care se va executa o perna de loess bine compactata cu porozitatea de maxim 40%.In acest caz Pa=2.00 daNcm 2 pentru sarcini fundamentale, sub talpa fundatiei, pe perna de loess. Pentru intocmirea documentatiilor documentatiilor privind alte faze de proiectare, se impune a se executa studii geotehnice la obiect, bazate pe lucrari de teren (foraje sau sondaje deschise) cu preluare de probe netulburate care se vor analiza intr-un laborator de specialitate.
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Fig. 1, 2. Modificarea componentei componentei naturale a pasunilor, cu extinderea vegetatiei ruderale
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Calitatea apei Pinza freatica care asigura asigura alimentarea cu apa a co comunei munei are un debit debit de 60 mc/h, fiind fiind localiz localizata ata la o adinc adincime ime de 110 110 m. Captar Captarea ea se realiz realizeaz eaza a in condi conditii tii optima optima care care impiedica contaminarea pe cale aerogena (Fig. 5,6).
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textile celulozice, plastic, si mai putin cele metalice. In comuna exista o retea de colectare a deseurilor, precum si o societate care se ocupa cu preluarea si transportul acestora.
Se estimeaza urmatoarele categorii de deseuri (tone/an): Tip cantitate
celulozice
Plastic
textile
Metalice
7
5
3
5
In total, cantitatea de deseuri generate intr-un an pe raza comunei este de aproximativ 20 tone/an. tone/an. Cantitate Cantitatea a de deseuri deseuri va creste creste pe masura masura intensific intensificarii arii turismulu turismului, i, activitatil activitatilor or comerciale, contrctiilor, precum si a infiintarii unor mici intreprinderi. Estimarea globala este de 2-3 tone pina la cinci anual, cu cresterea cantitatii de deseuri nedegradabile. Din acest punct de vedere, este necesara imbunatatirea activitatilor de colectare, care sa urmareasca urmareasca in
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Protectia mediului Descrierea strategiilor regionale sau nationale existente in care comuna Nufaru se include Comuna Nufaru este implicata in dezvoltarea unor programe nationale privind: Dezvoltarea infrastructurii prin modernizarea drumurilor si construirea unui sistem de •
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182
85
Nufaru
1002 Malcoci
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In priv privin inta ta cauz cauzel elor or dece decese selo lorr gene genera rale le,, pe prim primul ul loc loc se situ situea eaza za boli bolile le cardiovasculare, respectiv hipertensiunea arteriala si cardiopatia ischemica, pe locul urmator situandu-se cirozele hepatice cronice, bolile pulmonare cronice obstructive, bolile ulceroase, diabetul zaharat. Forta de munca si somajul In cursul anului 2006, rata de ocupare era de 70%. Distributia numarului mediu de
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0-4 ani 129 124
94
114
5-9 ani
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Structura populatiei populatiei pe grupe de varsta conform conform evidentelor Consiliului Consiliului Local Barbati=512 Sat Nufaru
-total locuitori 1002 din care Femei =490
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