Concept Maps

Chapter 1 RESPIRATION

Human Respiratory System

Gaseous exchange

Structure

at

• • • • • • •

Importance of a Healthy Respiratory System

Oxygen Transport

Parts Nasal cavity Trachea Bronchi and bronchioles Lungs Ribs Diaphragm Intercostal muscles

Harmful substances carbon dioxide diffuses

Alveoli oxygen diffuses characteristics for efficient gaseous exchange

Respiratory system diseases • Bronchitis • Emphysema • Lung cancer • Asthma

Blood capillaries oxygen combines with

such as

Haemoglobin to form

Provide large surface area

Moist wall

Many blood capillaries

Cigarette smoke decomposes to release

Breathing consists of

Inhalation

Nicotine

Oxyhaemoglobin

Thin wall

Haemoglobin

involves movement of

contains

carbon dioxide diffuses

Tar Factory smoke

contains

Sulphur dioxide

Vehicle exhaust

contains

Carbon monoxide

Oxygen diffuses into

Exhalation

Cells Diaphragm

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cause

Haze

Ribs

 Concept Maps

Science Form 3

Chapter 2 TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Humans

Plants

Blood circulatory system

Plant vascular system lose water through

consists of consists of

Heart

Blood vessels

types

Blood

types

Artery

Blood cells

Capillary

types

Phloem

Carries water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves

Carries synthesised food substances from leaves to all parts of the plant

Blood groups

consists of

Plasma

Xylem

A

B

O

AB

called

Universal donor

occurs mainly through

rate affected by

Stoma

Vein called

Red blood cell


Transpiration

White blood cell

Platelet Universal recipient

Factors such as

Temperature

Light intensity

Air movement

Humidity

lncreases with temperature

Increases with light intensity

Increases with air movement

Decreases with humidity

 Concept Maps

size controlled by

Two guard cells

Science Form 3

Chapter 3 EXCRETION

Plants

Humans

methods of excretion

Excretory system consists of

Diffusion out of stomata excretory products

Skin

Lungs

Depositing in plant parts and shedding of parts in some cases

Urinary system excretory products

Excretory products • Water • Mineral salts • Urea (small amount)

Excretory products • Carbon dioxide • Water

Carbon dioxide

consists of

Kidneys (one pair)

Ureters (one pair)

Urinary bladder

made up of

Excretory products • Water • Urea • Mineral salts


Cortex

Pelvis

Medulla

 Concept Maps

Water

Oxygen Complex waste products

Urethra

examples

• • • • • • • •

Latex Tannin Resin Gum Volatile oils Quinine Nicotine Cocaine

Science Form 3

Chapter 4 REPRODUCTION

Sexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction types

carried out by

Humans

Flowering plants

carried out by most

Vegetative reproduction

have

divided into

Budding

Regeneration

Flower Male reproductive system

Female reproductive system

produces

produces

Sperm

Ovum

consists of

Male reproductive part

Female reproductive par t

called

Stamen

Binary fission

Spore formation

Other parts

called

Pistil Petals

Sepals

Fertilisation to form

Filament

Anther

Stigma

produces

Zygote Embryo

process of transfer to stigma

contains

Pollination

leads to

Suitable temperature

Female gamete

Fertilisation

development of

Baby


Conditions for germination

Ovule contains

Male gamete Foetus

Air

produces

Style

Pollen

Water

Ovary

Seed Fruit

 Concept Maps

consists of

Plumule

Testa (seed coat) Embryo

Radicle consists of

Cotyledon

Science Form 3

Chapter 5 GROWTH defined as

Increase in size and change in shape and function of an organism

Comparison between boys and girls

Human Growth Pattern measured using

age

Human growth curve Height

Weight

Infancy

Childhood

Adolescence

Adulthood

Old age

growth rate

growth rate

growth rate

growth rate

growth rate

Most rapid

Slow

Rapid

0 – 11 years

14 – 18 years

growth rate

growth rate

About the same

Boys faster than girls

divided into

Minimal or zero

Negative

12 – 14 years growth rate

boys

18 years

Age at which growth stops

girls

17 years

Girls faster than boys


 Concept Maps

Science Form 3

Chapter 6

LAND AND ITS RESOURCES

Minerals

Natural Fuel Resources

exist as

Elements

• • • • •

Compounds

Examples Gold Silver Platinum Graphite Sulphur

• • • •

Wood

Examples Oxides Sulphides Carbonates Silicates

Fossil fuels

Petroleum fractional distillation

Uses • Fuel • Synthetic materials • Solvent

Petroleum fractions

include contain

Metals

Uses • Glass • Ceramics • Electronic chips • Optical fibres

Silicon compounds

Non-metals examples

divided into

Oxygen

Sulphur

reacts with metal

reacts with metal

Metal oxide

• • • •

• • • • •


Uses Cement Tiles Drying agent Reduce soil acidity

Examples Marble Limestone Coral Shells Egg shells

Silica Silicates

contains

Metal sulphide

Calcium compounds

• Silicon • Oxygen

Examples • Sand • Quartz

such as

Calcium carbonate

heat

Calcium oxide (quicklime)

add a little water

Coal

Natural gas

contain

• • • • •

• Silicon • Oxygen • Metals Examples Clay Feldspar Asbestos Mica Jade

Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime)

contains reacts with acid

• Calcium • Carbon • Oxygen

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

 Concept Maps

add more water

Calcium hydroxide solution (limewater)

Science Form 3

Chapter 7 ELECTRICITY

Electrostatics

Electricity

Static electrical charges types

produced by

types of electric circuits

electrical quantities

is the study of

Current flow to produce

Series circuit

Positive charges

Parallel circuit

Voltage

Electromagnet

properties

Magnets have

principle used in

Negative charges relationship known as

Electromagnetism

Current flowing through conductor

Resistance Rubbing certain substances together

Magnetism

Magnetic field

produces

can be represented by

Magnetic field around conductor

Magnetic field lines

is a

Ohm’s law Like

charges repel each other

Temporary magnet

Unlike

charges attract each other

R

direction depends on

V

= — I

poles depend on direction

Direction of current


 Concept Maps

From north pole to south pole

distance between lines

Closer together when magnetic field is stronger

Science Form 3

Chapter 8 G E N E R A T I O N O F E L E C T R I C I T Y

Diesel Thermal Types of Generators

Hydroelectric Gas turbine

used in

Brown

Nuclear

colour

Live wire

Power station

Blue

Green and yellow stripes

colour

Neutral wire

colour

Fuse

Earth wire

Transformer station contains

Electricity Transmission and Distribution System

Electrical appliance

Switch zone contain

National Grid Network

Transformers

Step-up

Branch substations neutral wire

Home Wiring System

Power circuit

Consumer unit

live wire

Mains fuse

Electric meter

Cost of Electrical Energy Usage

Step-down

formulae for calculations

Mains switch

Circuit breaker

3-Pin plug for fixing to

2 types

Main substation

has

Lighting circuit

connected to

Socket

earth wire

P = VI

Energy use = Power × Time

Fuse

function

To prevent current that is too large from flowing in a circuit

Fuse and Earth Wire Earth wire


function

To carry current leakage to the earth

 Concept Maps

Science Form 3

Chapter 9 STARS AND GALAXIES

include

Sun

Stars

is made up of

Atmosphere

formed in

death of a star

location of

consists of

Corona

classified by

Core

Photosphere

Temperature

Nuclear reactions

determines

Brightness

Nebula

Size

produce

millions or billions form a

Galaxy classified by shape into

Red giant

Chromosphere Colour Heat

small and medium-sized stars

Light coolest

Red

Phenomena occurring on Sun’s surface

large and super-large stars

Elliptical

Irregular

hottest

Supergiant

Blue

has effects on Earth

Spiral includes

White dwarf

Supernova

Milky Way

such as large star

Prominence

Sunspot

Solar flare


Climate

Aurora

super-large star

Satellites Neutron star

Communications systems

 Concept Maps

Black hole

Science Form 3

Chapter 10 SPACE EXPLORATION

Developments in the Field of Astronomy

Applications of Technology Related to Space

technology related to space

involving

Satellite

Developments in Space Exploration

Scientists, astronomers and their contributions

used in

Communications Rocket

Space shuttle

Navigation

Satellite Weather

Telescope

Space probe

Remote sensing

Defence

Space station Forestry Geology


applied in the field of

0 Concept Maps

Agriculture

Disaster management

Science Form 3

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