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DR. RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW
2014-2015
SEMESTER III
COSTITUTIONAL LAW - I
PROJECT
RIGHT TO HEALTH: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Sub!""#$ b%:-
Garima Parakh Roll no. 57 B.A.LLB (Hon)
Sub!""#$ "&:-
Mr. M.S. Paswan Asst. Prof (Law) Dr. RMLNLU
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
wo!l" lik# to #$t#n" m% sin&#r# thanks to M% t#a&h#r an" m% m#ntor Ms. sha 'a"a for iin m# this won"#rf!l o**ort!nit% to work on this *ro+#&t an" for h#r a,l# !i"an&# an" a"i&#i&# /han&#llor- Dr. G!r"##* Sinh Sir an" D#an (A&a"#mi&s)Prof#ssor /.M. 0ariwala for th#ir #n&o!ra#m#nt an" 1nth!siasm2 M% s#niors for sharin th#ir al!a,l# ti*s2 An" m% &lassmat#s for th#ir &onstant s!**ort.
INTRODUCTION
3h# h!man riht to h#alth m#ans that ##r%on# has th# riht to th# hih#st attaina,l# stan"ar" of *h%si&al an" m#ntal h#alth- whi&h in&l!"#s a&&#ss to all m#"i&al s#ri&#s- sanitation- a"#4!at# foo"- "#&#nt ho!sin- h#alth% workin &on"itions- an" a &l#an #nironm#nt. . 3h# h!man riht to h#alth !arant##s a s%st#m of h#alth *rot#&tion for all. 6. 1#r%on# has th# riht to th# h#alth &ar# th#% n##"- an" to liin &on"itions that #na,l# !s to ,# h#alth%- s!&h as a"#4!at# foo"- ho!sin- an" a h#alth% #nironm#nt. . H#alth &ar# m!st ,# *roi"#" as a *!,li& oo" for all- finan&#" *!,li&l% an" #4!ita,l%. 8. 3h# h!man riht to h#alth &ar# m#ans that hos*itals- &lini&s- m#"i&in#s- an" "o&tors9 s#ri&#s m!st ,# a&&#ssi,l#- aaila,l#- a&&#*ta,l#- an" of oo" 4!alit% for ##r%on#- on an #4!ita,l# ,asis- wh#r# an" wh#n n##"#". :ollowin ar# th# *rin&i*l#s that h#alth as a h!man riht &ontains ; •
U'!(#)*+,!"%: 1#r%on# m!st ha# a&&#ss to #4!al hih<4!alit% an" &om*r#h#nsi#
n##"s. ># #t what w# n##" an" i# what w# &an. •
A&u'"+b!,!"%: 3h# h#alth &ar# s%st#m m!st ,# a&&o!nta,l# to th# *#o*l# it s#r#s.
•
T)+'*/+)#'%: 3h# h#alth &ar# s%st#m m!st ,# o*#n with r#ar" to information-
"#&ision
P+)"!!/+"!&': 3h# h#alth &ar# s%st#m m!st #na,l# m#aninf!l *!,li& *arti&i*ation in all
"#&isions aff#&tin *#o*l#=s riht to h#alth &ar#. Arti&l# 65 of th# Uni#rsal D#&laration of H!man Rihts i"#ntifi#" riht to h#alth as *art of a ,asi& stan"ar" of liin. Arti&l# 6 of th# nt#rnational /o#nant on 1&onomi&- So&ial an" /!lt!ral Rihts also r#&oni?#s riht to h#alth as a h!man riht. n"ia has r#&onis#" riht to h#alth as ,#in a fa&#t of th# riht to lif# an" *#rsonal li,#rt% !arant##" !n"#r Arti&l# 6. How##r- ##n th# Pr#am,l# of th# /onstit!tion of n"ia i#s a ,roa" "ir#&tion in r#ar"in riht to h#alth&ar# fa&iliti#s as a f!n"am#ntal *art of th# rihts an 1 @H!man Rihts in th# Unit#" Stat#s9 ( National Economic and Social Rights Initiative - 5 &to,#r 6) Chtt*EEwww.n#sri.orE*roramsEwhat
in"ii"!al #n+o%s. Un"#r th# t#rm @so&ial +!sti - on# &an ,rin in th# 4!#stion of a&&#ss to h#alth &ar# fa&iliti#s an" th# *rin&i*l# of +!sti&# inol#" in th# #4!alit% of a&&#ss to th#s# fa&iliti#s. n th# sam# wa%- #4!alit% of stat!s an" of o**ort!nit% ma% ,# tak#n to r#f#r to th# #4!alit% of *ra&ti&# of th# m#"i&al *rof#ssion- a&&#ss to th# m#"i&al #"!&ational instit!tions #t&.in or"#r to im*ro# th# &iti?#ns9 so&io<#&onomi& an" h#alth stat!s. n"ia is a sinator% of th# /1S/R (nt#rnational /o#nant of 1&onomi&- So&ial an" /!lt!ral Rihts) an" th# /HR (nt#rnational /on#ntion on H!man Rihts)- an" has also ratifi#" an" a"o*t#" th#m. n this *ro+#&t- th# sam# shall ,# #$t#nsi#l% anal%s#" ,% wa% of &as# laws as w#ll as stat# *oli&i#s an" m#as!r#s tak#n for th# sam#.
RIGHT TO HEALTH: A ACET O RIGHT TO LIE
Arti&l# 6 of th# /onstit!tion of n"ia stat#s ; Protection of life and personal liberty – No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedre established by la!"
3his Arti&l# is wi"#l% wor"#" to #nlar# th# s&o*# of riht to lif# whi&h is hihl% s!,+#&ti# an" has man% fa&#ts. 3h# "o&trin# of #manation is instr!m#ntal in this r#s*#&t. n #ane$a %andhi v &nion of India'- 0!sti&# Bhawati o,s#r#" that ;
Even if a fndamental right is not specifically named in (rticle )*+),- it may still be a fndamental right covered by some clase of tha t article- it emanates from a named fndamental right or its existence is necessary in order to ma$e the exercise of a named fndamental right meaningfl and effective"
Riht to h#alth an" "o&tors9 assistan&# is a r#s!lt of a**li&ation of this "o&trin# of #manation an" ,#in an int#ral *art of *rot#&tion of riht to lif# an" *#rsonal li,#rt%- is a r#si"!ar% riht !n"#r Arti&l# 6. A r#marka,l# f#at!r# of this "o&trin# is that it has i#n #ff#&t to th# "ir#&ti# *rin&i*l#s !n"#r Arti&l#s 86 an" 87. Arti&l# 86 sa%s ; The State shall ma$e provision for secring .st and hmane conditions of !or$ and for maternity relief"
Arti&l# 87 talks a,o!t *!,li& h#alth in th# followin t#rms ; The State shall regard the raising of the level of ntrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of pblic health as among its primary dties and- in particlar- the State shall endeavor to bring abot prohibition of the consmption except for medicinal prposes of intoxicating drin$s and of drgs !hich are in.rios to health"
3h# sinifi&an&# of #ane$a %andhi/ &an ,# witn#ss#" in fa&t that Arti&l# 6 was #ss#ntiall% a n#ati# riht- *la&in a n#ati# o,liation on th# Stat# to !arant## an" *rot#&t th# &iti?#ns9 riht to lif# an" *#rsonal li,#rt%. How##r- in #ane$a %andhi- th# S!*r#m# /o!rt ,% its int#r*r#tation- from on# that &alls for *ro&#"!ral rihts to on# that *roi"#s for s!,stantial rihts2 AR I7 S/ 5J7. 3 AR I7K S/ 5I7.
