Context o

 

GLOBALIZACIÓN

 ANDY JAVIER CÁRDENAS PALACIOS

UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BUCARAMANGA NEGOCIOS INTERNACIONALES CONTEXTO, COMPETITIVIDAD Y GLOBALIZACIÓN BUCARAMANGA 2015

GLOBALIZACIÓN

 ANDY JAVIER CÁRDENAS PALACIOS

JAIME ANDRES RAMIREZ PASCUAS

UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BUCARAMANGA NEGOCIOS INTERNACIONALES CONTEXTO, COMPETITIVIDAD Y GLOBAIZACIÓN BUCARAMANGA 2015

CONTENIDO

INTRODUCCIÓN.......................................................................................................5 PREGUNTAS DE ANALISIS Y RAZONAMIENTO CRÍTICO CAPITULO 1.............. PREGUNTAS DE RAZONAMIENTO CRITICO CAPITULO 2................................ 10

INTRODUCCIÓN

E! "#$%$&'$ '#()(*+ %$ #$-$#$ (! '$( /$ !( !+)(!-(-3&, 4$ %$ #$-$#$ (! ()-+ 6(-( &( $+&+7( &/-(! 8% -&'$#(/( $ -&'$#/$"$&/-$&'$. L( !+)(!-(-3& $% ( $&/+ -/$&'--(/( ++ & "#+$%+ /-&8-+ "#+/-/+ "#-&-"(!$&'$ "+# !(% %+-$/(/$% 4$ 9-9$& )(*+ $! ("-'(!-%+ /$+#8'-+ + !( /$+#(-( !-)$#(!, : 4$ 6(& ()-$#'+ %% "$#'(% ( !( #$9+!-3& -&+#8'-(, !!$(&/+ ( & &-9$! +&%-/$#()!$ /$ !-)$#(!-(-3& : /$+#('-(-3& $& % !'#( "+!7'-(, $& % +#/$&(-$&'+ *#7/-+ : $+&3-+ &(-+&(!, : $& %% #$!(-+&$% -&'$#&(-+&(!$%. E! "#-&-"(! -&'$#;% /$ !( #$(!-(-3& /$ $%'$ '#()(*+ $% +"#$&/$# 4$ %$ $&'-$&/$ "+# $! ';#-&+ !+)(!-(-3&, (-!-(#-(#%$ +& !+% "#-&-"(!$% +'+#$% /$ !( !+)(!-(-3&, : $&'$&/$# !(% /-$#$&-(% &(-+&(!$% $& $+&+7( "+!7'-(, ( '#(9;% /$ !( %+!-3& /$ (!&(% "#$&'(% /$ (&8!-%-% : #(+&(-$&'+ #7'-+ 4$ %$ $&$&'#(& $& $! !-)#+ C+"#$&/$# 4$ %$ $&'-$&/$ "+# $! ';#-&+ !+)(!-(-3&? @(-!-(#-(#%$ +& !+% "#-&-"(!$% +'+#$% /$ !( !+)(!-(-3&? A"#$-(# !( &('#(!$( ()-(&'$ /$ !( $+&+7( !+)(!? C+"#$&/$# !+% (#$&'+% "#-&-"(!$% /$! /$)('$ ($#( /$ !+% $$'+% /$ !( !+)(!-(-3&? A"#$-(# ( +#( $& 4$ $! "#+$%+ /$ !+)(!-(-3& $&$#( +"+#'&-/(/$% : /$%(7+% "(#( !+% (/-&-%'#(/+#$% /$ &$+-+%. E& !( %$&/( "(#'$ !+% +)*$'-9+% /$ ("#$&/-(*$ %+&> E&'$&/$# ++ /--$#$& $&'#$ %- !+% %-%'$(% "+!7'-+% /$ !+% "(7%$%? E&'$&/$# ++ /--$#$& $&'#$ %- !+% %-%'$(% $+&3-+%? E&'$&/$# ++ /--$#$& $&'#$ %- !+% %-%'$(% !$(!$%? E"!-(# 4$ $% !+ 4$ /$'$#-&( $! &-9$! /$ /$%(##+!!+ $+&3-+ /$ &( &(-3&?  A&(!-(# !+% ("!-+% ()-+% $&$#(!$%, "+!7'-+% : $+&3-+% 4$ +##$& $& '+/+ $! &/+? D$%#-)-# !( +#( $& 4$ !(% $+&+7(% /$ '#(&%--3& %$ $9$& 6(-( %-%'$(% /$ $#(/+? P&'(!-(# !(% -"!-(-+&$% 4$ "(#( !( "#8'-( (/-&-%'#('-9( '-$&$& !(% /-$#$&-(% &(-+&(!$% $& $+&+7( "+!7'-(.

PREGUNTAS DE ANALISIS Y RAZONAMIENTO CRÍTICO CAPITULO 1

1. D$%#-)( !+% ()-+% 4$ 6(& +##-/+ /#(&'$ !+% !'-+% 0 (+% $& !( $+&+7( &/-(!. C8!$% %+& !(% -"!-(-+&$% /$ $%'+% ()-+% "(#( !(% $"#$%(% -&'$#&(-+&(!$% $%'()!$-/(% $& I&!('$##(F E& E%'(/+% U&-/+%F E& +& H+&F

RTA: •

•

• •

L( /-%-&-3& %-&--('-9( /$! /+-&-+ /$ E%'(/+% U&-/+% %+)#$ !+% $#(/+% +#8&$+%, $%'( &(-3& 6($ 0 (+% $#( !( "+'$&-( -&/%'#-(! /+-&(&'$ /$! &/+. E! ($&'+ &+'()!$ /#(&'$ !( /;(/( /$ 10 /$ !( -&9$#%-3& $'#(&*$#( /-#$'( ( "(7%$% /$%(##+!!(/+% : $& /$%(##+!!+, '$&/$&-( 4$ (&--$%'( !( #$-$&'$ -&'$#&(-+&(!-(-3& /$ +#"+#(-+&$% $"#$%(#-(!$%. A &( +!$(/( /$ -&9$#%-3& $'#(&*$#( /-#$'( $& !(% &(-+&$% /$%(##+!!(/(% $&'#$ 1 : 2000 %--3 &( (7/(, /$ 2001 ( 200. S-& $)(#+, $! #$--$&'+ /$ !( -&9$#%-3& $'#(&*$#( /-#$'( %$ #$"$#3 $& 200K : +&'-&+ ( !+ !(#+ /$! 200, (&/+ (!(&3 &-9$!$% #$+#/, %3!+ "(#( /$%($!$#(# $& 200 (&/+ !( #-%-% -&(&-$#( !+)(! '+3 $! +&'#+!. L( ("(#--3& /$ !'-&(-+&(!$% $#( /$ E%'(/+% U&-/+%. C()-+% $& $! +#/$& &/-(! L+% $$'+% /$ $%'+% ()-+% "(#( !(% $"#$%(% -&'$#&(-+&(!$% $%'()!$-/(% $& I&!('$##(, E%'(/+% U&-/+% : +& H+& $% 4$ 6(& "+/-/+ "(#'--"(# $& $! $#(/+ !+)(!, : "+# $/-+ /$ !(% $"#$%(% !'-&(-+&(!$% %$ 6(& !+)(!-(/+ !+% $#(/+% : (6+#( !(% $"#$%(% "$/$& +#$$# : 9$&/$# %% "#+/'+% #8"-/($&'$ $& (!4-$# "(#'$ /$! &/+. E%'+% ()-+% '()-;& -"!-(#+& 4$ E%'(/+% U&-/+% &+ $#( !( "+'$&-( -&/%'#-(! /+-&(&'$ /$! &/+ %- &+ 4$, "(7%$% ++ J("3& : E! R$-&+ U&-/+ $%'9-$#(& '()-;& -"!-(/+% $& $! $#(/+

!+)(!, $% /$-# 4$ ('(!$&'$ !(% !'-&(-+&(!$% $%'(/+&-/$&%$% '-$&$& 4$ $&#$&'(# 8% !'-&(-+&(!$%  *("+&$%(% : $#+"$(%. 2.
RTA: S- $% +&9$&-$&'$ %- %$ 9( ( '#()(*(# $& &( #(& +"(7( -&'$#&(-+&(! : '()-;& %- %$ 9( ( '#()(*(# $& $"#$%(% "$4$(%, :( 4$ "(#( 6($# &$+-+% -&'$#&(-+&(!$% &+ %$ &$$%-'( '$&$# #(&/$% : +"!$*(% +#"+#(-+&$% !'-&(-+&(!$%, +& &( $"#$%( $/-(&( + "$4$( '()-;& !+ "+/$+% 6($#. P+/$+% '+(# ++ $*$"!+ ( G..B(#'6, ()#-(&'$ /$ 84-&(% "(#( '+%'(# #(&+% /$ ((+ +& %$/$ $& L/-%)#, A!$(&-(. E%'( "$4$( +"(7(, +& %3!+ 5 $"!$(/+%, ("'( 0 /$! $#(/+ !+)(! /$ $%'(% 84-&(%. L+% &$+-+% -&'$#&(-+&(!$% &+ !+% #$(!-(& %+!+ !(% #(&/$% $"#$%(%, %-&+ '()-;& !(% $/-(&(% : "$4$(%. . ; $$'+ 6(& '$&-/+ !+% ()-+% '$&+!3-+% $& !( !+)(!-(-3& /$ !+% $#(/+% : !( "#+/-3&F ()#7( %-/+ "+%-)!$ $%'( !+)(!-(-3& /$ !( "#+/-3& : !+% $#(/+% %-& /-6+% ()-+%F

RTA: E%'+% ()-+% '$&+!3-+% 6--$#+& "+%-)!$ !( +&-(-3& -&%'(&'8&$( /$! +"#(/+# : 9$&/$/+#, /+&/$ 4-$#( 4$ $%';&, !+ 4$ (-!-'( !(% 9$&'(% /$%/$ (!4-$# "(#'$ /$! &/+, '()-;& 6--$#+& "+%-)!$ #$/-# $! '-$"+ "(#( -# /$ & !(# ( +'#+, !+ 4$ !$ "$#-'$ ( &( $"#$%( %"$#9-%(# & %-%'$( /$ "#+/-3& /-%"$#%+ "+# '+/+ $! &/+. E%'+% (9(&$% '$&+!3-+% (9+#$-$#+& !( !+)(!-(-3& /$ !+% $#(/+% : !( "#+/-3&, "+# !+ '(&'+, !+#(# !!$(# ( $%'( !+)(!-(-3& %-& $%'+% (9(&$% %$#7( (%- -"+%-)!$.

K.
RTA: E%'( (-#(-3& $% (!%( :( 4$ $-%'$ &( #(& /-$#$&-( $&'#$ &( $"#$%( -&'$#&(-+&(! : &( !+(!. U&( $"#$%( -&'$#&(-+&(! +$#-(!-( %% "#+/'+% $#( /$ % "(7% /$ +#-$& ( /-$#$&-( /$ &( $"#$%( !+(! 4$ 9$&/$ %% "#+/'+% $& % "(7% /$ +#-$&. E% &$$%(#-+ !!$9(# &( ('$#-( ("(#'$ %+)#$ $"#$%(% -&'$#&(-+&(!$% :( 4$ $% 8% +"!$*+ % (&$*+. 5. ; $$'+ 6(& '$&-/+ -&'$#&$' : !( +#/ -/$ $) $& !(% ('-9-/(/$% /$ !(% $"#$%(% -&'$#&(-+&(!$% : !( !+)(!-(-3& /$ !( $+&+7( &/-(!F

RTA: S$ 6(& +&9$#'-/+ $& !( +!&( 9$#'$)#(! /$ !( -&+#(-3& /$ !( $+&+7( !+)(! : 6(& "$#-'-/+ !( $!--&(-3& /$ !(% !--'(-+&$%, ++ ( )-(-3&, : 6%+% 6+#(#-+%. (& "$#-'-/+ : (-!-'(/+ !( $"(&%-3& !+)(! /$ &( $"#$%( : ( "++ "#$-+. . S- !(% '$&/$&-(% ('(!$% +&'-&(&, C6-&( %$#8 !( (:+# $+&+7( /$! &/+ $& 2020. A&(!-$ !(% -"!-(-+&$% /$ $%'$ (+&'$--$&'+ "(#(>

a. El sistema cme!cial m"#$ial: E%'(#8 %('#(/+ /$ "#+/'+% 6-&+%, : $%'( &(-3& '$&/#8 $! /+-&-+ /$! +$#-+ &/-(!. %. El sistema m#eta!i i#te!#aci#al: D$)-/+ ( !( !+)(!-(-3&, !+% "(7%$% 4$ /+-&(& !( $+&+7( !+)(! /$)$#8& $"!$(# &( %+!( +&$/( "#$/+-&(&'$ : )-$& 9(!+#(/(. c. La est!ate&ia cme!cial $e las c!'!aci#es m"#$iales act"ales $e Esta$s U#i$s ( E"!'a: D$%";% /$ 4$ C6-&( '+$ $! +&'#+! /$ !( $+&+7( &/-(! E#+"( : E%'(/+% U&-/+% '$&/#8& 4$ !!$(# ( &( $##( /$ $#(/+%, "(#( +&%$-# #$!(# $! /+-&-+ /$ C6-&( %+)#$ !( $+&+7( !+)(!. $. Ls '!ecis ( %ie#es &l%ales: L+% "#$-+% %$#7(& 8% ($%-)!$% "(#( !( "+)!(-3&, :( 4$ !(% $"#$%(% 6-&(% "#+/$& : 9$&/$& ( )(*+% +%'+%.

). L$( !( %$-3& a. *P! +", mi&!a la ma#"-act"!a $e 'a#tallas 'la#as $e teleisi/# a $isti#ts l"&a!es $el m"#$0: P(#( "#+/-#!(% ( & $&+# +%'+. %. *"i,# se %e#e-icia $e la &l%ali2aci/# $e la i#$"st!ia $e 'a#tallas 'la#as0 *"i,#es 'ie!$e#0: L( $"#$%( 9--+ $% !( 8% )$&$--(/( :( 4$ #$"$#( % -&9$&'(#-+ (/( '#$% %$(&(%. L+% 4$ "-$#/$& %+& !(% $"#$%(% 4$ ()#-(& '$!$9-%+#$% '#(/--+&(!$% /$ #(:+% ('3/-+%.

PREGUNTAS DE ANALISIS Y RAZONAMIENTO CRITICO CAPITULO 3

1. L(% $+&+7(% /$ !-)#$ $#(/+ $%'-!(& & (:+# #$--$&'+ $+&3-+, -$&'#(% 4$ !(% $+&+7(% $&'#(!-(/(% !+ +)%'(!-(&. RTA> LIBRE MERCADO E! +$#-+ -&'$#&(-+&(! $*+#( !( $--$&-( $& !( '-!-(-3& /$ #$#%+%.

E! -&'$#()-+ +$#-(! "$#-'$ !( $%"$-(!-(-3& $& (4$!!+% "#+/'+% : %$#9--+% 4$ (/( (! 6($ $*+#. A $%'+ !+ !!((& !+% $+&+-%'(% !( !$: /$ 9$&'(*(% +"(#('-9(%. C(&/+ !( $&'$ ()#-( )-$&$% $& !+% 4$ +(& /$ 9$&'(*(% +"(#('-9(%, ++ !+% (!$(&$% 6(-$&/+ $#9$( : !+% #(&$%$% 9-&+, '(!$% "#+/'+% ($&'(& $& (&'-/(/ : (!-/(/. E! +$#-+ "$#-'$ 4$ !+% +&%-/+#$% %$ )$&$--$& /$ ;'+/+% /$ "#+/-3& 8% $--$&'$%. P+# $*$"!+, %-& !( $-%'$&-( /$ & ("!-+ $#(/+ &+ $% "+%-)!$ !( "#+/-3& (%-9(. C+%'+% /$ "#+/-3& 8% )(*+% +&/$& ( )-$&$% : %$#9--+% 8% )(#('+%, !+ (! $*+#( $! &-9$! /$ 9-/( CENTRALIZADA N+ 6(: "#+"-$/(/ "#-9(/(, !+% $/-+% /$ "#+/-3& %+& /$! E%'(/+. E! E%'(/+ +&'#+!( $! +$#-+ : '+( '+/(% !(% /$-%-+&$%, (/( -$#'+ '-$"+ $!()+#( & "!(& ( '#(9;% /$ ($&-(% /$ "!(&--(-3& /+&/$ %$ /$-/$ (&'+ %$ 9( ( #$$# $& (/( %$'+# : 4$ $/-+% /$ "#+/-3& %$ 9(& ( /$/-(# "(#( (!(&(# $%'$ #$--$&'+. V$&'(*(% : !--'(-+&$%Q L(% 9$&'(*(% %+& 4$ 6(: -(!/(/ %+-(! : &( 2. U& %-%'$( "+!7'-+ /$+#8'-+ $% &( +&/--3& $%$&-(! /$ "#+#$%+ $+&3-+ %+%'$&-/+. A&(!-$. RTA> D+&/$ 6(: /$+#(-(, 6(: !-)#$ /-%"+%--3& /$ $!$-3& : /$ +"-&-3&, (47 $% /+&/$ (/( 4-$& "$/$ $%+$# !+ 4$ 4-$#$ : !+ 4$ 8% !$ +&9-$&$. P+# '(! +'-9+ $%'+ +&'#-):$ $& $! (9(&$ $+&3-+ /$ &( &(-3&, :( 4$ "$#-'$ ( !( %+-$/(/ 4$ $!-*( : '$&( #(& 9(#-$/(/ /$ /$-%-3& "#+"-(. C+& '+/+ $%'+ %$ !+#( 4$ /$'$#-&(/+ "(7% %$( 9-%'+ +& & ('#('-9+ "(#( !( -&9$#%-3&, -&$&'-9$ !( "#+/-3& -&'$#&( : '$&( & (9(&$ $& $! $#(/+, "$#-'-$&/+ "+# $/-+ /$ % %-%'$( /$+#8'-+, !( $&$#(-3& /$ +&-(&( "+# "(#'$ /$ !+% $"#$%(#-+% : !+% -&9$#%-+&-%'( "(#( 4$ +& !( "#+/-3& $ -"!$$&'(-3& /$ %% -/$(%, %$ $&$#$ #(/(!$&'$ & #$--$&'+ $+&3-+ 4$ )$&$--$ ( ()(% "(#'$%. . C8! $% !( #$!(-3& $&'#$ !( +##"-3& /$ & "(7% $& $! %$&'-/+ /$ 4$ !+% &-+&(#-+% ($"'(& %+)+#&+% : $! #$--$&'+ $+&3-+FL( +##"-3& %-$"#$ $% (!(F

RTA> D$)-/+ ( !( +##"-3& $& & "(7% % $+&3-( %$ !+#( 9$# ($'(/(, :( 4$ &+ %$ '-$&$ $& & #(& +&$"'+ ( & "(7% /+&/$ !+% 7&/-$% /$ +##"'+% %$(& (!'+%, "+# !+ 4$ $%'( "#+)!$8'-( &+ $&$#( +&-(&( $& !+% $"#$%(#-+% $ -&9$#%-+&-%'(, :( 4$ '$$& ( %$# 97'-(% /$ $%'$ '$(, !+ (! "#+/$ &( /$%+&-(&( $& $! %-%'$( /$+#8'-+ : !$(! /$ /-6+ "(7%. C+& '+/+ !+ 4$ +&!!$9( !( +##"-3&, & "(7% /-7-!$&'$ "$/( +)'$&$# & (!'+ &-9$! /$ #$--$&'+ $+&3-+, "+# +&%$$&'$ &+ %$ 9$& !(% '-!-/(/$% : !( $+&+7( "$/$ "#$%$&'(# &( +&%'(&'$ + -&!%+ & /$'$#-+#+ $& % #$--$&'+, "+# !( "+( +&-(&( /$ !+% -&9$#%-+&-%'(%, 4$ "#$$#-#8& $"#$&/$# !( )%4$/( /$ & !(# /+&/$ !$% /$& $*+#$% (#(&'7(% /$ #$&/--$&'+ : /$ #$--$&'+. K. E! $+&+-%'( : "#$-+ N+)$! A(#':( S$& (-#( 4$ $! +&$"'+ /$ /$%(##+!!+ /$)$ $'$&/$#%$ "(#( ()(#(# 8% 4$ $! #$--$&'+ $+&3-+. ; +'#+% ('+#$% "-$&%( S$& 4$ /$)$ ()(#(# !( $9(!(-3& /$! /$%(##+!!+F ; -&!$&-( '$&/#7( $& !(% "+!7'-(% )$#&($&'(!$% (/+"'(# !(% -/$(% /$ S$&F C#$$ %'$/ 4$ S$& '-$&$ #(3& $& 4$ $! /$%(##+!!+ $% 8% 4$ $! "#+ #$--$&'+ $+&3-+F E"!-4$. RTA> S$& (-#( 4$ &+ %+!+ $! +&$"'+ $+&3-+ /$'$#-&( $! /$%(##+!!+ /$ &( &(-3&, 6(: 4$ $&+(#%$ '()-;& $& !+ "+!7'-+ : !+ %+-(!, /$ &(/( %-#9$ %$# &( &(-3& "+/$#+%( $+&3-($&'$ %- % %-%'$( "+!7'-+ $& "+)#$ $ -&+"$'$&'$, + /+&/$ % +&-/(/ &+ '-$&$ (! $&+% !+ &$$%(#-+ "(#( '$&$# &( 9-/( +&%-/$#(/(
/$ 8% #$--$&'+, %- !( "+)!(-3& /$ /-6( $+&+7( &+ 9$ !+% #$%!'(/+%, /+&/$ %+& : "++% !+% )$&$('+#$% /$ $%( #-4$(, ++ "(%( $& 6+% "(7%$% !!((/+% <#-+%= /+&/$ 8% /$ !( -'(/ /$ % "+)!(-3& %+& "+)#$% : !(% #-4$(% $%'8& $& (&+% /$ (!&+% (&'+%. P(#( 7 $%+ &+ $% /$%(##+!!+? /$%(##+!!+ $% &( %+-$/(/ +& -(!/(/ /$ +&/--+&$% $+&3-(%, "+!7'-(%, $/('-9(%, $'., /+&/$ '+/+% +$& /$ (! $&+% & &-9$! /-&+ /$ 9-/( : /$ /$%(##+!!+ '(&'+ "$#%+&(! ++ & /$%(##+!!+ +&*&'+ 4$ $& & '#+ )#-&/$ $%'()-!-/(/ : #$--$&'+ (! "(7%. 5. U%'$/ $% $! /-#$'+# $*$'-9+ /$ &( #(& +"(7( 4$ /$)$ /$-/-# %-&9-$#'$ 100 -!!+&$% /$ /3!(#$% $& R%-( + $& !( #$")!-( 6$(. L(% /+% -&9$#%-+&$% "#+$'$& $! -%+ #$&/--$&'+ ( !(#+ "!(+ (%7 4$ !( $!$-3& /$"$&/$ /$ !( (&-'/ /$ !+% #-$%+%. E9(!; !+% #-$%+% /$ 6($# &$+-+% $& $%'(% &(-+&$%. ; -&9$#%-3& (9+#$$#7( %'$/ : "+#4$F .

a. %. c. $. e.

RTA> L$( !( %$-3& <9-%'(+ ( & "(7%= %+)#$ !( V$&$$!( /$ C689$ : #$%"+&/( !(% %--$&'$% "#$&'(%> *", ti' $e sistema ec#/mic se est4 i#stit"(e#$ e# 5e#e2"ela %a6 el &%ie!# $e C74e20 *C/m clasi-ica!8a "ste$ el sistema 'l8tic0 *C/m a-ecta!a# a las -"t"!as i#e!si#es e9t!a#6e!as e# 5e#e2"ela ls cam%is "#ilate!ales $e c7ae2 a ls c#t!ats c# las cm'a8as 'et!le!as e9t!a#6e!as0 *C/m a-ecta!a e# el -"t"! el alt #iel $e c!!"'ci/# ';%lica e# 5e#e2"ela a las tasas $e c!ecimie#t0 E# la act"ali$a$< 5e#e2"ela se %e#e-icia $el a"&e $e ls '!ecis $el 'et!/le. *", s"ce$e!8a si $ic7s '!ecis %a6a!a# $e s" #iel act"al0 E# s" 'i#i/#. *C"4l es el '!#/stic a la!& 'la2 $e a ec#m8a e#e2la#a0 *es "# 'a8s at!acti 'a!a el cme!ci i#te!#aci#al0