Data Interpretation

Institute for Competitive Exams

Contents

Data Interpretation: How To? ......................................................................... ................................................................................................................ ....................................... 2 DI: Tabular Data ...................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ............................................................................... .............. 6 DI: Bar Chart ............................................................................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................... ............. 11 DI: Line Chart......................................... Chart.......................................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ............................... 17 17 DI: Pie Chart ............................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................. ......... 23 DI: Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ...................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................. ............ 30 DI: Compound........................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ............................................................ 39

Data Interpretation

#3094, Sector 37D, Chandigarh. Phone: 98151 40596, 98551 71046

Page 1


Data Interpretation: How T ? Data interpretation is an ability to decipher the information/data, usu lly provided in a graphical form. These problems have become a necessary component of all compe itive exams, since this type of questioning makes it is e sier to evaluate the candidate’s perceptiveness with numbers. Understand the following distil n how to hone data interpretation interpretation prowess to perfection. Let us first familiarise with the v rious forms of data presentation: 1. Tabular Form: This is the most conventional fo represented below. Comparative Sales Figu ( BRAND J

m of representation representation of data. Data is repr sented in a tabular form as es of Various Tooth Pastes For Firs t Five months of ‘98 ll Figures in Rs. ‘000 (fictional)) nuary February March April May

Close-Up

3 2

360

360

410

415

Colgate

1580

1600

1640

1660

1780

Pepsodent

3

51

42

47

44

2. Line Chart: Data is represented on lines. Onl y a cursory glance can give you a lot of information. Especially used by stock brokers to study move ent of share prices. Share price movement of Two Blue Chips – X & Y – on BSE. 360 350 e340 c i r 330 P e320 r a310 h S300 290 24/08 X

25/08 Y

26/08 27/08 A particular week in August

2 /08

3. Bar Charts: This is an improvisation over the line graph where in it is easy to see the actual difference very easily. Refer to the following graph whi h depicts the percentage of boys and girl s, in various age groups, studying at a particular level. 80 e g a t n e c r e P

60

40

40

35

70

25

30

9-15 16-20 Age Groups

21-24

20 0 3-8 BOYS

Data Interpretation

75

65

60

GIRLS IRLS


Page 2


4. Pie Charts: As the name suggests Pie Charts depict information in the form of a Pie, i. i .e. as per area of the circle. The differences are very clearly ighlighted ighlighted when we have more than two or three items to compare. The following two pie charts co pare the receipt and expenditure of each rupee by the Government of India. INCOME EXPENDI URE 10% Oth

40% Tax

Excise 30% Excise

20% Custom

Custom

8% 13% Sub Def

Int.

28% Plans

Dev. 33% Int

Tax Others

Def.

18% Dev

Plans Subsidy

5. Compound Charts: Here in two or more different ty es of graphs may be given and one woul have to co-relate the data from these. Tips To Improve Score in Data Interpretat on 1. Computational Speed: Increase your mental calculation speed. It is essential essential that you develop an ability ability to calculate 10%, 1%, 2%, 5% of random numbers. numbers. You should be able to calculate average f six three-digit numbers in less than thirty seconds. e.g. to find the average of 514, 368, 975, 140, 674, and 807. 2. Be Meticulous: Look for a. Units: you must pay attention to the fa t that the figures may be given in thousa ds of rupees (example the figures for sales mentioned in Ta bular Graph, as elsewhere in this assign ent, are in thousand of rupees). b. Respect Footnotes: certain graphs, especially financi al graphs, may carry some footnotes. Ty ical footnotes may mention that a balance sheet per tains to only nine months or fifteen mon hs instead of normal twelve months. Sometimes some data may be projected data only. Keep a open eye for such qualifying information, generall occurring at the bottom of the graph. c. Understand Percentage: It is essential to understand the asic concept of percentage because you ay be required to compute percentage in about fift y percent of the questions. Please note th e following nuances in percentage. Data Interpretation


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Profit of a Vapourware Pvt. Ltd in the last two years were (in Rs. Crore) Year Profit

1996 120

1997 150

A: Profit increased from 1996 to 1997 by Rs. 30 crores (150 – 120) B: Profit in 1997 was how many times the profit in 1996 = 1.25 times (150 (15 0 / 120) C: Profit in 1996 was how many times the profit in 1997 = 0.8 times (120 / 150) D: Profit earned in 1997 was what percent more than the profit earned in 1996  150 − 120  25 % =  × 100  . We can also say that the profit earned in 1997 was 125% of the profit earned  120  in 1996. E: Profit earned in 1996 was what percent less than the profit earned in 1997  120 − 150  20% =  × 100  . The –ve sign signifies that profit was lower in 1996 than in 1997. We can  150  also say that the profit earned in 1996 was 80% of the profit earned in 1997. d. Rapid Eye Movement: Data Interpretation requires requires that you have a roving eye – always on the lookout for data. 3. Develop a Sense of Approximation: You should develop a knack (believe us this can be developed through a lot of practice only) for approximation. approximation. Keep in mind that one can use approximation only when the answer choices are distant/ far removed. Grasp the following following illustration: No. of Patients listed by the type of ailment RVG Hospital PKR Clinic Tuberculosis 123 201 AIDS 41 Leukaemia 23 79 Laryngitis Laryngitis 18 8 Neurosis 16 6

JP Hospital 68 61 47 12 74

34

A. The average number of o f tuberculosis patients in the three institutions is nearly a) 147 b) 169 c) 131 d) 119 (Now the untrained candidate would add 123, 201 and 68 and divide by 3 to get the answer. What the smart candidate does is to add 120, 200 and 70, gets a total of 390 and divides by 3 to get 130 and so marks the choice (c)) B. The RVG Hospital has what per cent less patients in AIDS than those in PKR Clinic? a) 34.45 b) 32.78 c) 35.68 Data Interpretation


Page 4


d) 30.78 (Again the smart candidate finds 20 is what per cent of 60, it being 33.33%, understands the actual answer should be slightly less and thus marks choice (b), whereas the dumb candidate actually does the operation

20 61

× 100 ,

Data Interpretation

wasting valuable time.)


Page 5


DI: Tabular Data Directions (Q 1-5): Study the following questions and choose the correct answer answer for each from the alternatives provided there under. State wise production of different crops for the year 1993-94 (in million tonnes) tonnes) State Rice Wheat Pulses U.P. W.B. M.P. Maharashtra Haryana All India

7.18 8.09 3.67 1.94 1.36 58.64

15.97 0.81 3.72 0.86 4.42 44.23

2.76 0.35 2.32 1.11 0.36 12.20

1. W.B. produces approximately what percent of the total rice produced in India? 1. 12.2 % 2. 13.5 % 3. 18% 4. 15% 2. The amount of wheat produced by U.P. is more than the amount of wheat produced by the other four states listed in the table, by 1. 6.97 m tonnes 2. 6.16 m tonnes 3. 5.52 m tonnes 4. 5.89 m tonnes 3. What per cent approximately of the total wheat production was produced by states other than those given in the table? 1. 38% 2. 42% 3. 48% 4. 58% 4. U.P. produced approximately what per cent of the all India production of all the three crops taken together? 1. 27.75% 2. 26.2% 3. 24.18% 4. 22.52% 5. Which of the following statements is true? 1. U.P. was the top producer of all the three crops. 2. M.P. ranked third in the production of all the three crops. 3. Three different states ranked second in the production of different crops. 4. Haryana was the lowest producer of wheat. Data Interpretation


Page 6


Directions (Q 6-10): Study the following table and answer the questions that follow. India’s foreign trade for the year 1980-81 to 1986-87 (All figures in Rs. Crores)

Year

Exports

Imports

Trade Deficit

1980-81

6711

12549

5838

1981-82

7806

13608

5802

1982-83

8803

14293

5490

1983-84

9771

15831

6060

1984-85

11855

17173

5318

1985-86

10420

18371

7951

1986-87

12550

20063

7513

6. Which of the following showed an increase every year? 1. Exports 2. Imports 3. Trade deficit 4. All of these 7. The ratio of imports to exports was maximum in the year 1. 1980-81 2. 1986-87 3. 1985-86 4. 1983-84 8. The percentage increase in exports was maximum in the year 1. 1981-82 2. 1986-87 3. 1984-85 4. 1983-84 9. The total trade deficit (in Rs. crores) for the last five years is 1. 28508 2. 32332 3. 44322 4. 33232 10. The difference between imports and exports was maximum in the year: 1. 1985-86 2. 1986-87 3. 1984-85 4. 1983-84

Data Interpretation


Page 7


Directions (Q 11-15): Study the following table and answer the questions given below.

Origin U.S.A. Spain Italy Greece Others Total in tonnes

World Almond Crop Produced during the years 1983-87 1983 1984 1985 1986 110000 266000 211000 111000 35000 43000 65000 52000 30000 12000 12000 14000 15000 15000 16000 15000 18000 22000 21000 22000 208000 358000 325000 214000

1987 272000 70000 12000 9000 22000 385000

11. Which of the following statements is not true? 1. U.S.A. produced more than 50% of the crop in all these years 2. Italy produced the minimum amount except in 1983 3. Greece’s total production in all these years is less than Italy’s total production. 4. The production of ‘other’ countries changed lest in 1987 as compare a to 1983, in comparison to the other named countries. 12. Spain’s production was more than the total production of all other countries except U.S.A., except in the year/s 1. 1983 2. 1983 and 1984 3. 1983, 1984 & 1986 4. 1983, 1985, 1986 and 1987 13. The percentage production by U.S.A. was maximum in the year 1. 1983 2. 1984 3. 1985 4. 1987 14. Which country had the maximum percent change in the production of almonds during 1983-87? 1. U.S.A. 2. Italy 3. Spain 4. None of these 15. The total world production had a maximum difference with the previous year’s production in the year. 1. 1984 2. 1986 3. 1987 4. None of these

Data Interpretation


Page 8


Directions (Q16-20): Study the following table and answer the questions given below. Progress of Shatabadi Express from City A to City H via other Cities City

Arrival Time A

Departure Time

--

Cumulative Distance (in km.) 9:00

0

B

9:15

9:20

20

C

10: 40

10:55

165

D

11:25

11:30

224

E

12:15

12:25

296

F

12:40

12:45

304

G

13:45

14:00

400

H

14:30

--

440

16. What per cent of time for the entire trip has been actually spent travelling between the cities? 1. 84.28 2. 83.3% 3. 75.6% 4. 70.2% 17. The maximum waiting time is at 1. G 2. C 3. D 4. both C and G 18. The least distance is between station 1. G and H 2. D and E 3. E and F 4. B and C 19. The average speed for the entire trip excluding halting time is 1. 80 km/hr 2. 90 km/30 mts 3. 96 kms/hr 4. 86 km/hr 20. The number of pairs of consecutive stations between which the speed is 96 kms/ hour is 1. two 2. three 3. one 4. None of these Data Interpretation


Page 9


21. It the rail fare is 25 paise per km, the fare between C and F is 1. Rs. 34.75 2. Rs. 36.75 3. Rs. 39.5 4. Rs. 35 22. The number of pairs of consecutive station between which the speed exceeds 96 kms/hours is 1. four 2. two 3. five 4. None of these 23. The number of pairs of stations between which the average speed resembles the overall average speed is 1. three 2. two 3. four 4. None of these 24. Stations B, D and F are alike in the sense 1. The average speed upto those stations is the same 2. The distances between each of these stations and their succeeding stations is the same 3. The halting time at these station is the same 4. None of these 25. If the halting time is also taken into account, the overall o verall average speed would decline from the result in problem no. 19 by 1. 16 kms/hr 2. nothing 3. 20 kms/hr 4. None of these

1: 12243

Data Interpretation

Answer Key: DI - TABULAR 6: 21321 11: 22213 16: 24331


21: 12231

Page 10


DI: Bar Chart Directions (Q 1- 5): Study the f llowing graph carefully and answer the uestions that follow. This is your assignment covering Tab lar form of data representation. !! Passengers Travelli g By Various Modes from 1987 to 1 92(In Millions) 450

400

400 375

400 350

300

37 5

3 0

375

37 5

300 275

300

260

250 200

265 20

150

160

175

175

1 75

Buses Rail Roads

150

Air Lines

100 50 0 198 7

1988

1989

1990

1991

19 92

1. In 1989, bus passengers repre ented approximately what percentage percentage of all passengers b y b y buses, railroads, and airlines in the yea ? 1. 35% 2. 45% 3. 55% 4. None 2. From 1987 to 1992 inclusive, ow may millions of passengers approxi ately travelled by railroad? 1. 1000 2. 1300 3. 1500 4. 1700 3. If in 1992 the average bus fare per passenger was $ 0.50 and if the average airline fare per passenger was $ 50. Then 1. 2. 3.

total f res of airline passengers total ares for bus passengers

was approximatel

6 5 30 1 60 1

4. None Data Interpretation


Page 11


4. In 1991 airlines in the United states flew 135, 13 5, 900 million passenger miles. What was the average number of miles, most nearly flown by each airline passenger in that year? 1. 335 2. 445 3. 555 4. 775 5. The number of railroad passengers passengers in 1992 when compared to the number of railroad passengers in 1987 were less by 1. 35 2. 40 3. 70 4. None Directions (Q 6-10): Study the following graph carefully and answer answer the questions that follow. External Public Public Debt in from 1980 to 1986 (in Rs. crore) 40000 30000

20825

21570

23380

25530

26880

28200

30500

20000 10000 0 1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

19 86

Axis Title

6. During the years 1980-82, public deal rose by approximately 1. 6 % 2. 8 % 3. 12 % 4. 15 % 7. Public debt rose by ________(in crores) from 1983 to 1984. 1. 1000 2. 1200 3. 1250 4. 1350 8. Public debt rose by about 5.3 % during the period 1. 1980-81 2. 1982-83 3. 1983-84 4. 1984-86

Data Interpretation


Page 12


9. Increase in public debt was minimum during the period 1. 1980-81 2. 1981-83 3. 1980-84 4. 1984-86 10. Increase in public debt was maximum during the period 1. 1981-’82 2. 1982-’83 3., 1983-’84 4. 1985-86 Directions (Q 11-15): Examine the following bar chart showing the output output of a certain public sector undertaking during various financial years and give appropriate answers to questions ) s n o t n i ( n o i t c u d o r P

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 75-76

76-77

77-78

78-79 Year

79-80

80-81

81-82

11. The production during ‘75-‘76 was what percent of production in ‘78-79? 1. 36.4 % 2. 53.7 % 3. 54.3% 4. None 12. During which year was the percent increase in production highest? 1. ‘76-’77 2. ‘78-’79 3. ‘80-’81 4. ‘75-’76 13. The average production over this seven period was 1. 730 tonnes 2. 747 tonnes 3. 715 tonnes 4. None 14. What is the percent increase in production from ‘75 -’76 to ‘81 - ’82? 1. 600 2. 500 3. 1000 Data Interpretation


Page 13


4. 300 15. The percentage of decrease in production from ‘78-’79 to ‘79-’80 is 1. 10 2. 11

1 9 8

3. 88

9

4. 20 Directions (Q 16-20): Study the following graph carefully and answer the questions that follow. Export & Imports Of Ximnadu For Five Year Period

14000 12000 10000 8000 6000

0 5 7 3 1

0 0 5 2 1

16000

0 0 0 0 0 7 0 6

0 0 0 9

0 0 5 6

0 5 7 6

0 0 0 4 1

0 5 7 7

0 0 6 8

Import Export

4000 2000 0 78-79

79-80

80-81

81-82

8 2- 8 3

16. The percentage increase in imports between 1978-79 and 1982-83 was 1. 70% 2. 100% 3. 140% 4. 300% 17. The percentage change in trade gap (Imports – Exports) between 1981-82 and 1982-83 was approximately 1. Increase of 10% 2. Decrease of 10% 3. Increase of 20% 4. Decrease of 25% 18. The percentage increase in trade gap between 1979-80 end 1980-81 was 1. 30% 2. 130% 3. 230% 4. 330% 19. Which of the following statements is true? 1. In all the years exports are greater than imports Data Interpretation


Page 14


2. Trade gap is continuously increasing 3. Trade gap is continuously dec easing 4. Trade gap first increases and then exhibits a decreasing trend. 20. If oil imports constituted 20 of, the total imports in 1980-81, then w hat percent of the trade gap was due to oil (assuming ( assuming that no oil was exported) 1. 20% 2. 30% 3. 43% 4. 50% Directions (Q 21-25): Study th following graph graph carefully and answer the questions that follow.

State Z unemployment rates 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

3 . 2 1 9 . 7 8

3 . 7

. 2 8 . 6

7 . 4 7 . 6

8 8 . . 7 7

8 . 8

8 . 7

1 . 9

Males Females

6 7 9 1

7 7 9 1

8 7 9 1

9 7 9 1

0 8 9 1

1 8 9 1

2 8 9 1

Rates are based on male and female labor forces, respectively.

21. For how many of the years sh own was the unemployment rate for females less than the unemployment unemployment rate for males? 1. One 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 22. For how many of the years fr m 1977 through 1982, both inclusive, di the unemployment rate for males increase over the corresponding rate of unemployment for males in the previous year? 1. One 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 23. In State Z in 1982, the total l bor force was 1 million, of which 55 percent were males. If the unemployment rate for males is efined as the ratio of the number of une ployed males to the number of males in the labor for e, what was the approximate number of unemployed males in State Z in 1982? 1. 70,000 2. 55,000 3. 50,000 Data Interpretation


Page 15


4. 40,000 24. What was the unemployment rate (including both males and females) in State Z during 1977? 1. 7.8% 2. 8.3% 3. 15.6% 4. Can’t be determined 25. Which of the following statements about unemployment unemployment in State Z can be inferred from the graph? I. The same number of females were unemployed in 1981 as in 1980. II. The unemployment rate for males in 1982 was more than 1

1 2

times the rate for males in 1976.

III. From 1978 to 1979, the number of unemployed males increased 1. None 2. I only 3. II only 4. III only

1: 24441

Data Interpretation

Answer Key: DI - BAR CHART 6: 34314 11: 41422 16: 22243


21: 24143

Page 16


DI: Line Chart Directions (Q 1-7): This is your assignment assignment covering Tabular form of da a representation. Study the graph and solve the followin questions.

Sales / et Profits of Company (in la hs) 70 61.5

60 52

50 40

6 1 .5

47.6

37.4

30

Sales

2 .1

Net Pr.

20 15.4

14.3

10 -3.2 1973

19 74

5.6

5.2

3.

2.1

0 -10

4

1975

1976

-4.2

0 197 7

1978

197 9

1. In which year was the net prof t as a percentage of the sales revenue the greatest? 1. 73 2. 74 3. 79 4. 80 2. Which was the year in which t e sales revenue revenue registered the highest p rcentage growth compared to that of the previous year? 1. 1974 2. 1976 3. 1978 4. 1980 3. What was the cumulative net rofit/loss of the first five years for which particulars are shown? 1. 2.2 lakhs 2. (-) 1.2 lakhs 3. (-) 1.8 lakhs 4. 3.2 lakhs 4. Which was the year in which t e expenses of the company were the hig est? 1. 1980 2. 1979 3. 1978 4. 1976

Data Interpretation


Page 17


5. If a tax of 55% was paid on gross profit before the net profit was arrived at, what was the combined gross profit for the years 1979 and 1980? (in Rs. lakhs) 1. 66 2. 62 3. 46 4. 38 6. If the net profit in 1981 was 18% more than in 1980, 1 980, and this was approximately 20% of the sales turnover in that year, the sales turnover in 1981 was (in (i n Rs. lakhs) 1. 78 2. 84 3. 102 4. 92 7. If, in the year 1980, the expenditure on advertisement was 2.5% of the sales turnover, what was its percentage percentage on the net profit for that year? 1. 18 2. 10.5 3. 13.5 4. 9.5 Directions (Q 8 – 12): Study the graph and answer a nswer the following questions. questions. Sale of TV Sets By Companies A & B 12000 10000 8000 6000

A

4000

B

2000 0 Jan Jan Feb Feb Mar Mar Apr Apr May May Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Se Sep p Oct Oct Nov Dec Dec Jan Jan Feb Feb Mar Apr Apr

8. Which company sold more number of TV sets in 1985? 1. A 2. B 3. Both were equal 4. Cannot be determined 9. Compared to the first four months of 1985, Company B sold, in the first four months of 1986 1. 1000 sets more 2. 1000 sets less 3. equal number of sets 4. 8000 sets more Data Interpretation


Page 18


10. Which was the worst three month period for Company A in terms of business? 1. Jan – Mar 85 2. Mar – May 85 3. April – June 85 4. May – July 85 11. What was the difference in the numbers of sets sold by the two companies in the first four months of 1986? 1. 2000 sets 2. 40000 sets 3. 6000 sets 4. 7000 sets 12. The difference in the numbers of sets sold by company B in the first eight months and the second eight months in the graph was 1. 2000 sets 2. Nil 3. 3000 sets 4. 4000 sets Directions (Q 13 – 20): Study the graph and answer the following questions.

Monthly Imports & Exports - 1985-86 400 395

s 390 n385 o i 380 l l i 375 M370 . 365 s 360 R355

Import Export

350 APR MAY JUN JUL AUG AUG SEP OCT NOV NOV DEC DEC JAN FEB FEB MAR

13. What was the total value of exports during the period April-Sept, 85? (in Rs. million) 1. Rs. 1885 2. Rs. 2632 3. Rs. 2257.5 4. Rs. 2295 14. The gap between monthly import and export was greatest in 1. Aug & Sep 2. Sep & Dec 3. Dec & Jan 4. Aug & Nov Data Interpretation


Page 19


15. In the first three months of 1986, imports exceeded exports by 1. Rs. 27.5 m 2. Rs. 20 m 3. Rs. 17.5 m 4. Rs. 32.5 m 16. During the financial year 1985-86, 1. Imports exceeded exports by Rs. 100 m 2. Imports exceeded exports by Rs. 60 m 3. exports exceeded imports by Rs. 250 m 4. exports and imports were of equal value 17. In how many months did the import exceed export? 1. 8 2. 3 3. 7 4. 5 18. For the month when exports and imports were of equal value, the import bill was 1. Rs. 760 m 2. Rs. 377.5 m 3. Rs. 380 m 4. Rs. 387.5 m 19. The three-month period when import was greatest was 1. Jan – Mar 2. Aug – Oct 3. July – Sep 4. May – July 20. In which quarter of the financial year was the difference between import and export values the least? 1. First 2. Second 3. Third 4. Fourth

Data Interpretation


Page 20


Directions (Q 21 –25): Study the graph and answer the following questions. Power Supply Position in India (in Billion KWH) 200 170

175 150 125 100

102 78

75 50

66

84 75

109

118

120

88 83

86

97

99

105

129

115

137

145 151

124

130

Requirement Supply

25 0 74-75 74-75 75-76 75-76 76-77 76-77 77-78 77-78 78-79 78-79 79-80 79-80 80-81 80-81 81-82 81-82 80-83 80-83 83-84 83-84 84-85 84-85

21. What was the percentage increase in supply of power between 1980-81 and 1984 – 8 5? 1. 56% 2. 145% 3. 43% 4. 85% 22. The cumulative shortfall between requirement requirement and supply from 1980 to the end of 1985 was (in billion Kwh) 1. 56 2. 85 3. 45 4. 76 23. The requirement of power in 1984-85 was how many times the availability of supply in 1978-79? 1. 2.6 2. 1.75 3. 2.75 4. 2.0 24. The percentage of growth in power requirement from 1979-80 to 1984 – 85 was less than the percentage percentage of growth in power requirement requirement from 1974 – 75 to 1979 – 80 by what figure? f igure? 1. 3 2. 4 3. 15 4. 7 25. Between 1979-80 and 1983-84, the power generation has generally lagged behind power demand by how many years? 1. 1 Data Interpretation


Page 21


2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 1: 41331

Data Interpretation

Answer Key: DI – LINE CHART 6: 42223 11: 41343 16: 21331


21: 34242

Page 22


DI: Pie Chart Directions (Q 1-7): Answer the following questions on the basis of information given. ZINC: USER SEGMENTS Chemicals 10% Others 2% Semi manufacturers 7%

Galvanizing 48%

Zinc Alloys 15%

Brass/Bronze Products 18%

(BINANI ZINC) 12 MONTHS

HINDUSTAN ZINC 12 MONTHS

(Rs Crore)

March 2000

March 1999

% Change

March 2000

March 1999

% Change

Sales Turnover Operating Profit Interest Gross Profit Depreciation PBT Tax Net Profit

255.91 59.10 22.09 37.01 13.17 23.84 2.75 21.09

233.50 49.80 20.11 29.69 20.35 9.34 0.99 8.35

9.60 18.67 9.85 24.65

1515.62 259.63 10.45 249.18 67.01 182.17 91.75 90.42

1309.39 219.91 15.24 204.67 57.20 147.47 68.50 78.97

15.75 18.07 (31.4) 21.74

(In Tonne) 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02

155.25 152.57

23.53 14.50

ZINC: DEMAND-SUPPLY SCENE Domestic Demand Domestic Production 238000 174000 252000 172000 270000 180000 290000 190000 310000 200000

Short fall in demand & production is met through imports There is a monopoly of zinc producers in the country 1. If Binani & Hindustan Zinc are the only two producers of zinc in the country then what was the price per kilogram for zinc in 1998-99 assuming Binani & Hindustan zinc prices are same 1. Rs. 89.72 2. Rs. 184.72 Data Interpretation


Page 23


3. Rs. 1010.82 4. None of these 2. Which of the following explains the reason for only 14.5% increase in. Net profit for Hindustan zinc despite a 15.25% increase in sales turnover while with only a 9.6% increase in turnover Binani zinc improved profit by 152% I. Binani has much lower depreciation in 99-00 than Hindustan Zinc. Depreciation decreased for Binani white it increased for Hindustan zinc II. Hindustan zinc paid nearly 50% tax while Binani paid only about 10% tax III. Income from forest component is much higher as a percentage of sales turnover for Binani zinc than it is for Hindustan zinc 1. I & II 2. II, III only 3. I, II & III 4. I only 3. The process of Galvanising requires high quality zinc and all the imported zinc is consumed by this user segment. The remaining requirement of Galvanising Galvanising Industry is met through domestic production. In which year was the maximum percentage of demand of zinc met by domestic producers of zinc for galvanising industry 1. 1999-00 2. 1997-98 3. 1998-99 4. None of these 4. Demand of Zinc for which industry/ combination of industries can be met by the imported zinc in 1999-00 1. Brass/ Bronze & Zincalloys 2. 50% demand & Galvanising & zinc Alloys 3. Chemicals & zinc Alloys 4. Brass/ Bronze & semi manufacturers 5. Which of the following is the greatest Ratio? 1. Gross profit to sales turnover for Binani Zinc in 1999-2000 2. Gross profit to sales turnover for Hindustan zinc in 1999-2000 3. Net profit to operating profit for Binani in 1998-1999. 4. Net profit to operating profit for Hindustan in 1998-1999 6. Suppose the Chemical industry requires low grade zinc which can be imported at half the average price of zinc produced domestically. The import duty is 20% on value of goods imported and transportation transportation is another 10% . What is the foreign exchange outflow if all demand of chemical industry is met through import 1. $ 32 mn 2. $ 4o mn 3. $ 60 mn 4. None of these

Data Interpretation


Page 24


7. What is the average production of zinc in the country for the five year period. 1. 183200 kg 2. 178900 kg 3. 184200 kg 4. None of these Directions (Q 8-13): These questions are based on following graph. Share of world population 12.5% G7 nations

57.5% Other nations

The G-7 Canada France Germany Italy Japan U.K U.S.A. The G-15 Brazil Egypt India Indonesia Jamaica Malaysia Maxico Nigeria Peru Senegal ugoslavia Zimbabwe

Pop. 1990 (millions) (millions) 26 56 62 58 123 58 250 Pop. 1990 (millions) Algeria 25 Argentina 32 143 51 839 180 2.5 18 85 114 21.5 7.5 Venezuela 19.5 24 10

30% G-15 nations

GNP per capita ($) 19,030 17,820 20,440 15,120 23,810 14,610 20,910 Real GNP per capita ($) 2,230 2,767 2,540 640 350 500 1,260 2,160 1,958 250 1,010 850 2,450 2,920 650

8. Which G-7 country has the highest GNP? 1. Japan 2. USA Data Interpretation


Page 25


3. Canada 4. None of these 9. The lowest GNP of any G-15 nation is what percent of the highest GNP of any other G-15 nation? 1. 1.7% 2. 5.3% 3. 4.3% 4. 2.9% 10. What is the total GNP of the other world countries if their average GNP per capita is 1140. 1. $340 8600 2. $348 9000 3. $468 9600 4. None of these 11. Which of the following is false about the data given. 1. Using information given in the above table we can conclude that total GNP of USA is greater than total GNP of other nations put together 2. Total GDP of Malaysia is less than total GDP of Egypt. 3. Per capita GDP of only five G-15 nations is more than 15% of the per capita GDP of UK 4. None of these 12. The average GDP of G-7 nations is 1. $18820 2. $14820 3. $17820 4. None of these 13. Which of the following can be inferred form the data given. I. GNP of each G-7 nation is greater than GNP of any G-15 nation. II. The variance in population of G-7 nations is greater than the v ariance in population of G-15 nations. III. The population in other nations is about 4.5 times the total population in G-7 nations. IV. France has a GDP greater than that of Italy. 1. I Only 2. II & III 3. I, III, IV 4. IV & II

Data Interpretation


Page 26


Directions (Q 14-18): These questions are based on following pie graph. Spending Pattern of an Average Worker Comparison of spending patterns 100% = Rs.3500 Saving 5%

Miscellan eous 10%

Food 35%

Repaymen t of Loans 12%

Social Religious activity 8% Semidura bles 10%

Rent 20%

Spending Pattern of Mr. Hard worker Saving 10%

Misc 5% Social Religious 7%

Food 25%

Durables 7% Entertainment 8%

Rent 18% Semidurab les 20%

14. For the categories which are common for both, for which category does Mr. Hard Worker spend more than the average worker? 1. Rent 2. Durables 3. Semi-durables 4. Entertainme E ntertainment nt 15. How much does Mr. Hard worker spend on categories which are not included in the spending pattern of an average worker? Data Interpretation


Page 27


1. Rs.100 2. Rs.225 3. Rs.525 4. Rs.450 16. The additional savings of 5% of Mr. Hard worker come from his savings under 1. Food 2. Repayment of loans 3. Misc. 4. Cannot be attributed to any particular category 17. If the salary of Mr. Hard worker is increased by 20% and his expenses under all the heads remain the same, what will be his percentage savings? 1. 10% 2. 15% 3. 20% 4. 25% 18. Which of the following is definitely true? I. Mr. Hard worker has a smaller family than the average av erage worker. II. Mr. Hard worker has not borrowed any money. III. Mr. Hard worker spends less on necessities and more on comforts. 1. I only 2. II only 3. I, II and III only 4. None of these Directions (Q 19-25): The following fo llowing questions questions are to be answered on the basis of the pie-chart given below. Person’s monthly salary distributed over different expense heads

Petrol 10%

Entertainment 15%

Food 15%

Savings 23% House Rent 30%

Clothes 7%

19. For a person, whose monthly salary is Rs. 6,000 p.m., how many items are there on which he has to spend more than Rs. 1000 p.m.? 1. 1 2. 1 Data Interpretation


Page 28


3. 3 4. 4 20. For the same person, an expenditure of Rs. 1800 p.m. takes place on 1. Petrol 2. House Rent 3. Food 4. Clothes 21. The annual savings for such a person will be approximately 1. Rs. 5,000 2. Rs. 10,000 3. Rs. 15,000 4. Rs. 16,560 22. The monthly salary for a person who follows the same expense pattern, but has a petrol expense of Rs. 500 p.m., is 1. Rs. 2,500 2. Rs. 3,000 3. Rs. 5,000 4. Rs. 6,500 23. The percentage of money spent on clothes and towards saving is equal to which other single item of expense? 1. Petrol 2. House Rent 3. Food 4. Entertainme E ntertainment nt 24. What is the angle made at the centre of the pie-chart by the sector representing the expense on petrol? 1. 30° 2. 45° 3. 36° 4. 90° 25. Given that the pie- chart for a salary of Rs. 6,000 p.m., what would be the ratio of the radius of this pie-chart to a pie- chart for a person with a salary of Rs. 1500 p.m.? 1. 2: 1 2. 1: 2 3. 1: 2 4. 2 2 : 1 1: 13212

Data Interpretation

Answer Key: DI - PIE CHART 6: 14144 11: 24333 16: 33312


21: 43232

Page 29


DI: Miscellaneous Directions: Solve the following data interpretation questions. Distribution of Work Hours in a Factory Number of Workers Number of Hours Worked 20 45-50 15 40-44 25 35-39 16 30--34 4 0-29 80 TOTAL 3100 1. What percentage worked 40 or more hours? 1.43.75 2.25 3. 33

1 3

4. 40 2. The number of workers who worked from 40 to 44 hours is X times the number who worked up to 20 hours, where X is 1.

15 16

2. 3

3 4

3. 4 4. 5 3. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the table? I. The average number of hours worked per worker is less than 40 II. At least 3 worked more than 48 hours. III. More than half of all the workers worked more than 40 hours. 1. I only 2. II only 3. I and II only 4. I and III only

Data Interpretation


Page 30


1967-70 Government Data RECEIPTS Corp. Tax

44.9 Indiv

19.7 Corp. Employment Tax, Unemploym ent & Other Insurance etc. Excise Tax

Customs, Estate, Gift Tax 4.7 Cust Indiv. Income Tax

8.5 Excise

22.1 Employment

OUTLAYS 3% 3% 47%

Space Programme Agriculture

3%

5%

Co

merce & Transport

He lth Security Ed cation & Manpower Pensioners

29% 2%

Others Def nce

4%

4%

Int rnational Affairs

4. If the annual average receipts from the corporation income tax during he years 1967-70 equal x, then the average annual receipts during this period were about 1.

x

4

2. x2 3. 3x 4. 5x 5. The average annual combined outlay for pensioners, education and ma power, and health and income security was roughly wh t fraction of the average annual outlay? 1.

1 4

Data Interpretation


Page 31


2. 3. 4.

1 3 2 5 1 2

6. What category received the second smallest average annual outlay during 1967-70? 1. excise taxes 2. other 3. space programme 4. international affairs

Number of Students 10 16 12 14 8

Distribution of Test Scores in a Class Number of Correct Answers 36 to 40 32 to 35 28 to 31 26 to 27 0 to 25

7. What percent of the class answered 32 or more questions correctly? 1. 20 2. 26 3. 32 4. 43

1 2 1 3

8. The number of students who answered 28 to 31 questions correctly is x times the number who answered 25 or fewer correctly, where x is 1.

2 3

2. 1 3. 4.

3 2 7 4

Data Interpretation


Page 32


Speed of a car over a 3-hour period Time Since Start (in minutes) 30 60 90 Speed at time (in mph) 50 55 60 9. How fast was the car travelling 2

1 2

105

120

150

180

62.5

67.5

65

60

hours after the start?

1. 60 mph 2. 62.5 mph 3. 65 mph 4. 67.5 mph 10. During the last hour of the time period shown on the table, the speed of the car 1. decreased by 10 mph 2. decreased by 7.5 mph 3. decreased by 5 mph 4. stayed the same 11. Which of the following statements about the speed of the car during the 3 hour period can be inferred from the table? I. The average speed was 60 mph. II. The car slowed down during the fifth half-hour of the time period. III. The slowest speed the car travelled at was 50 mph. 1. II only 2. III only 3. I and III only 4. II and III only Expectation of Life at Various Stages in India Age 1951-60

0 10 20 30 50

Males 41.9 45.2 37.0 29.0 16.5

Females 40.6 43.8 35.8 27.9 17.5

Males 47.1 49.0 40.2 31.9 18.3

1961-70 Females 45.6 48.1 39.7 31.7 18.9

12. Which of the following statements is correct with regard to the table given? 1. A male at the age of 30 in the period 1941- 50 could expect to live up to the age 56.6 on an average 2. The life expectancy of males increase steadily up to the age of 40 and then decreases 3. A male at the age of 30 on an average could expect to live up to a greater age than he could expect when he was less than a year old 4. Females at all ages have a lower life expectancy than males of the corresponding corresponding ages Data Interpretation


Page 33


13. In which year and which age group did the life expectancy of males differ very little from that females? 1. in 1951-60, age of 30 2. in 1941-50, age of 50 3. in 1960-70, age of 30 4. in age 1961-70, age of 50 14. From the given table we cannot conclude that 1. Female upto 30 year of age have a lower life expectancy than males on an average 2. Females life expectancy has shown an improvement over the year at all stages 3. Three are more females being murdered than males 4. A male at the age of 10 and a female at the age of 20 years could expect to live up top the man same age approximately 15. By how many years on an average has the life expectancy of the Indian people at the age of 30 improved in 1961-70 as compared to 1951-60? 1. 6.7 2. 5 3. 2.35 4. 3.35 Index of Industrial production (Base: 1970 = 100) Industry group Beverage industries Manufacture of paper, etc. Tobacco industries Manufacturing Mining and Quarrying Electricity Electricity Footwear Leather and fur products

1976 262.6 111.8 109.8 130.3 136.8 160.3 91.0 102.8

1977 347.0 112.8 107.7 135.1 139.9 165.4 90.6 104.2

1978 387.9 121.0 112.5 144.4 142.1 183.6 80.4 71.5

16. Which industry in the table has shown the maximum growth in the period 1970-77? 1. Electricity 2. Manufacturing 3. Tobacco 4. None of these 17. A decline in production was in 1977 compared to the previous year by the industries of 1. Footwear 2. Footwear and Leather 3. Tobacco and Footwear 4. Leather and Fur

Data Interpretation


Page 34


18. A decline production has been shown in 1978 compared to 1970 by the industry of 1. Tobacco and footwear 2. Footwear 3. Leather and fur and Footwear 4. None 19. Among the following, which industry has shown minimum percentage change in 1978 over 1977? 1. Manufacturing 2. Beverage industry 3. Mining and quarrying 4. Paper Percentages of villages which are not electrified U

38

T

38

S

42

R

12

Q

28

P

20 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

20. If the central government government desires to give aid for speedy electrification starting starting from stages with least electrification, electrification, which state will get fourth rank in the order of priority? 1. R 2. Q 3. P 4. T 5. U 21. Which state has twice the percentage of villages electrified in comparison to state S? 1. R 2. U 3. P 4. Q 5. T 22. In case of state P, What percent of village are electrified? 1. 65 2. 25 3. 35 4. 75 5. none 23. How many states have at least 60% or more electrified villages? 1. 5 Data Interpretation


Page 35


2. 3 3. 4 4. 2 5. 1 24. Which states has the maxim m percentage of electrified villages? 1. P 2. Q 3. R 4. S 5. T India’s Foreign Exchange Reserves 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

FOREX

1971-72

1972-73

1973-74

1974-75

1975-76

1976-77

25. Increase in which of the follo wing years was approximately 25% of th t in the revious year? 1. 1975-76 2. 1973-74 3. 1971-72 4. 1972-73 5. none 26. In which year did the export e xport has lowest percent increase over its prec ding year? 1. 1974-75 2. 1975-76 3. 1972-73 4. 1976-77 5. none 27. What is the ratio of the num er of year’s which have below average ex ort to number of those which above average export? 1. 1: 2 2. 2: 1 3. 1: 1 4. 1: 3 5. none

Data Interpretation


Page 36


28. In which of the following f ollowing pairs of year the increase in export over previous year approximately the same? 1. 73-74 and 74-76 2. 75-76 and 76-77 3. 71-72 and 72-73 4. 74-75 and 75-76 5. none 29. The export in 75-76 was roughly how many times that of the export in 73-74? 1. 1.29 2. 2 3. 1.50 4. 1.80 5. none No. of employees working in various departments of a factory Dept. Year Production Sales Purchase Admn & Acctt. Res. & Devp. 1976 150 25 50 45 75 1977 225 40 45 62 70 1978 450 65 30 90 73 1979 470 73 32 105 70 1980 500 80 35 132 74 1981 505 75 36 130 75 30. In which year did the total number of employees reach approximately twice twice the total number of employees the factory had in the year 1986? 1. 1981 2. 1980 3. 1979 4. 1978 5. 1977 31. In which department did the number of employees approximately remain the same during the years? 1. Production 2. Sales 3. Research and Development 4. Research and Account 5. Purchase 32. In which year was the number of employees working in production department less than 50% of the total employees? 1. 1977 2. 1978 3. 1979 4. 1980 5. none Data Interpretation


Page 37


33. In which of the following years each department department had more number of employees than it had in the immediately preceding year? 1. 1980 2. 1979 3. 1978 4. 1977 5. none 34. Which department had less than 10% of the total employees all through the years 1976 to 1981? 1. Purchase 2. Sales 3. Research 4. Admn. and Acctt. 5. None 35. x = 9y for 1. x = production employees in 1977; y = sales employees in 1976 2. x = production employees in 1978; y = purchase employees in 1976 3. x = purchase employees in 1977; y = production employees in 1981 4. both 1 & 2 above 5. None of these 1: 12142

6: 44332

Data Interpretation

ANSWER KEY: DI: Miscellaneous 11: 33342 16: 34315 20: 14231 25: 25115


30: 35124

Page 38


DI: Compound Directions (Q 1-10): Study the following graphs and answer the questions that follow. Sail's Steel Production Production as a % of total supply supply 22 20 18 PERCENTAGE

16 DEMAND

14 12 10 96-97

97-98

98-99

99-2000

2000-01

2001-02

Demand - Supply (production) figures for Steel in India 35000 30000 s e n n o t

25000

n i

10000

20000 15000

DEMAND SUPPLY

5000 0 96-97

97-98

98-99

99-2000

2 00 000-01

2 00 001-02

Year

1. What is the total production of SAIL for the first three years of the given period? 1.10200 tonnes 2. 14000 tonnes 3. 10800 tonnes 4. None of these 2. The largest quantity of steel produced by SAIL in a single year has been 1. 5220 tonnes 2. 5600 tonnes 3. 4600 tonnes 4. None of these 3. Which of the following years witnessed the highest percentage change in production of steel in the country? 1. 2001-02 2. 1998-99 3. 2000-01 4. 1997-98 Data Interpretation


Page 39


4. What has been the average per annum steel production by SAIL in the given six year period? 1. 5620 tonnes 2. 5800 tonnes 3. 4310 tonnes 4. None of these 5. Which of the following years witnessed the highest percentage change in production of steel by SAIL? 1. 1997-98 2. 1998-99 3. 1999-2000 4. None of these 6. SAIL should increase its capacity by how many tonnes in order to meet the shortfall between demand and supply in 2001-02? 1. 3200 tonnes 2. 12400 tonnes 3. 1460 tonnes 4. 4000 tonnes 7. If there had been a 10% increase in the production capacity of SAIL in 2001-02 , instead of a decrease then what would have been the shortfall in supply in that year? 1. 3200 tonnes 2. 2835 tonnes 3. 1210 tonnes 4. 3060 tonnes 8. What was the total production of all steel producing units, except SAIL, in 1998-99? 1. 23220 tonnes 2. 14500 tonnes 3. 24780 tonnes 4. None of these 9. If the demand of low carbon steel in 1998-99 is 10,000 tonnes and 40% of SAIL’s total production is of low carbon steel then what is the demand of o f low carbon steel which is being met by other producers, assuming assuming that the total demand of low carbon steel is met? 1. 6468 tonnes 2. 7648 tonnes 3. 8488 tonnes 4. None of these 10. What has been the average steel production per annum in the country for the whole six year period given in the graph above? 1. 26,333 tonnes 2. 34,684 tonnes 3. 28, 464 tonnes 4. None of these Data Interpretation


Page 40


Directions (Q 11-20): Study th following data and answer the question that follow? Percent ge Share of Women's Magazine Market 15%

Elle 10%

Femina Society

25%

Cosmo 50%

MAGAZINE Readers Readers per issue FEMINA 4 SOCIETY 3.5 COSMOPOLITAN 2.5 ELLE 3 Total Women’s Magazine marke size per month = 400,000 Total Readership = Circulation x Readers per issue

Elle

Price per issue 20 20 50 70

11. What is the share of Elle in te ms of value of the women’s magazine m rket? 1. 10 % 2. 23.7 % 3. 14.8 % 4. None of these 12. What is the total amount of r venue of Femina for one year? 1. Rs. 4.8 crores 2. Rs 6.4 crores 3. Rs 4.6 crores 4. None of these 13. The ratio of revenue of Elle t the revenue of Cosmopolitan is 1. 9: 10 2. 8: 11 3. 11: 13 4. 14: 15 14. What is the total number of r aders of women’s magazines? 1. 12.4 lakhs/month lakhs/month 2. 14.2 lakhs/month 3. 16.8 lakhs/month lakhs/month 4. None of these 15. The total readership of Femi a outnumbers the combined readership f Society and Elle by 1. 1.9 lakhs 2. 2.2 lakhs 3. 3.3 lakhs 4. None of these Data Interpretation


Page 41


16. The readers per copy of Elle should increase by what percent so that the total readership of Elle matches the total readership of Cosmopolitan? 1. 20% 2. 25% 3. 35 % 4. 30% 17. What is the total number of copies of Society sold per annum? 1. 11.2 lakhs 2. 16 lakhs 3. 8.8 lakhs 4. 12 lakhs 18. If Cosmopolitan reduces its price by half its market share doubles by eating into the market share of Femina. In the new scenario what is the difference in annual revenue of Femina and Cosmopolitan? 1. 18 lakhs 2. 22 lakhs 3. 24 lakhs 4. 28 lakhs 19. Decent Indian Women, a social organisation committed committed to saving the cultural heritage of India file a PIL against Cosmopolitan for display of a semi-nude model on the cover and got its publication banned. If half of the readers of Cosmopolitan C osmopolitan shift to reading Elle then what is the new total readership of Elle? 1. 2.7 lakhs 2. 2.4 lakhs 3. 1.95 lakhs 4. None of these 20. If all the magazines start publishing fortnightly instead instead of monthly then what is the percentage increase in revenue per annum, assuming that the circulation of the magazines remains remains same? 1. 100% 2. 200% 3. 125% 4. None Answer Key: DI - COMPOUND 1: 12431 6: 44131 11: 21423 16: 24331

Data Interpretation


Page 42

Data Interpretation

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