DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION LTD.
SUBMITTED BYALOK KUMAR BT/ME/11/158 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is indeed a great pleasure for me to present this Summer Training Report on Delhi Metro Rail Corporation as a part of the curriculum of the B.E.course Mechanical Engineering I take this golden opportunity to thank all my mentors at DMRC who with their support And venerated guidance made this training a real success . I express express my sincere thanks to officers of DMRC who in spite of their busy schedule have lent their precious time time for helping out me to understand understand various system used in DMRC.
I will be failing in my duty if I am not mentioning the technical demonstrations as given by the reverent staff of DMRC. There is no denying the fact that DMRC is the epitome of modern technology and getting training at such an organization is an exquisite learning experience that made a mark at the profoundest part of my mind.
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
Introduction
is like a dream come true for Delhi, a revolutionary change in the city transport. Delhi needs metro system in the first place and it would change things for the better not only for people who would be using it and but for the people living in Delhi by reducing congestion, air pollution, noise pollution and accidents. METRO
Formation of DMRC A company under the name DMRC was registered on 30.05.1995 under the companies act for construc constructio tion n and operati operation on of the metro project. project. DMRC DMRC is the joint venture venture of the Government of India and Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. It started functioning in November 1997. It appointed General consultant in August, 1998 to assist them them for for impl implem ement entat atio ion n of the the proj projec ect. t. This This is the the cons consor orti tium um offi office ce inte intern rnat atio iona nall consultancy consultancy company led by Pac Consultants Consultants Internationa Internationall (PCI), (PCI), Japan. The whole project of approximately 200Kms is to be completed in three phases up to 2021, the first phase of the project, comprising of approximately 62.06Kms, is currently operational. It is having 18 stations in Line 1 (Red Line), 10 stations in Line 2 (Yellow Line) and 22 stations in Line 3 (Blue Line).
Benefits of Delhi Metro on on completion On the completion of the first phase of the Delhi Metro, it would be catering to around 2.18 million commuters per day resulting in decongestion of the roads. This would also mean that there would be less number of buses on the roads. It has also reduced the travel time. Also the pollution level is reduced to about 50%. Since the first phase of the Delhi Metro is operational a large number of commuters are having a lot of convenience in reaching their desired destination in the required time.
Advantages of Rail-based Rail-based Transit System Can achieve carrying capacity as high as 60000-80000. Required 1/5th energy per passenger compared to Road-based system. Causes no air pollution in the city. Causes lesser noise level. Occupies no road space if underground and only about of 2 meter width of the road if elevated. Carries same amount of bus traffic or 33 lanes of private motor car. Is more reliable, comfortable and safer than road system. Reduces journey time (about 50% to 75% )
Awards won The Delhi Metro has been awarded OHSAS (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Sequence 18001) by RINA (Registro Italiano Navale India Pvt. Ltd.), Geneva. To help in proper maintenance the DMRC has been divided into departments and sub departments:
Signaling Telecom Rolling Stock P. Way AFC
Rolling Stock Overview – Train Formation At present each train train set consist of four cars.Both ends of the train-set are Driving Trailer(DT) cars and middle cars are Motor(M) cars. The train set can be controlled as a complete unit or as separate units for various maintenance activities at the depot. 1) 4 car 2) 6 car 3) 8 car -
DT-M-M-DT DT-M-M-T-M-DT DT-M-M-T-M-T-M-DT DT-M-M-T-M-T-M-DT (Here T car is the non-driving trailer car.)
Salient Features – 1. Broad oad Gauge 2. 25 KV KV Supp Supply ly Vol Volta tage ge Sys Syste tem m 3. Three Three phase phase A.C. A.C. Induct Induction ion Motor Motor 4. Fail Fail Safe brak braking ing with with regen regenera erativ tivee braking braking 5. VVVF Co Control 6. Reinfo Reinforce rced d conical conical rubber rubber primar primary y Suspensi Suspension on 7. Secon Seconda dary ry Air Air Susp Suspen ensi sion on 8. Unif Unifor orm m Floo Floorr Heig Height ht 9. Jerk Jerk Cont Contro roll lled ed Bra Braki king ng 10. Light Weight Weight Stainless Stainless Steel Structure 11. Slip/Slide Slip/Slide protecti protection on 12. Train Integrate Integrated d Management System System 13. PLC based saloon Air conditioni conditioning ng system 14. Electrically Operated and electronically controlled Saloon Doors Doors
15. Emergency Door 16. ATP/ATO
ITEM
SPECIFICATION
Track Rail gauge
1676mm 25kV ac single phase 50Hz Through Pantograph DT&T : 42.0 ton, M : 42.0 ton
Supply Voltage System Current Collection Car Train Weight(max) Maximum Number of passengers DT car M&T car Speed Control System
Brake System
Air Pressure Automatic Train Control System Train Monitoring System Saloon Air Conditioning System Type Rated Cooling Capacity Bogie Type Suspension -Primary - Secondary
361 persons (seating – 43, standing – 318) 392 persons (seating – 50, standing – 342) Control of acceleration and deceleration by Variable Voltage, Variable Frequency (VVVF) Inverter blended with regenerative Braking Regenerative braking blended with pneumatic braking by electrical command and BP-back up brake by driver’s brake Valve MR-pressure 8.0 bar ~ 10 bar Automatic Train Protection (ATP) Train Integrated Management System,TIMS Roof-mounted and Self-contained Type 41KW Bolster less type bogie with air spring Conical bonded rubber spring Air spring
Maximum design Speed Maximum Operational Speed Round trip schedule Speed with 30S station & 8% coasting, excluding terminal station turn round time with fully loaded train
90Km/h 80Km/h 35Km/h
Acceleration from 0km/h to 30km/h for fully loaded train on level tangent track(Notional)
0.78m/s ±5%
Service braking rate from 80km/h to standstill up to fully loaded train on level tangent track
1.0m/s ±5%
Emergency braking rate from 80km/h to 0km/h up to fully loaded train on level tangent track
1.3m/s
Jerk rate
0.70 + 0.05m/s
INDEX
1. Aircon 2. Pneumatic and Brake System 3. Passenger Saloon Door 4. Bogie,suspension & wheels 5. Coupler 6. Saloon Interior 7. Car Body Structure
Function of air conditioning system • • •
to control temperature to control humidity to supply pure air
Design Conditions Description No. of passengers :Ambient temperature:-
Condition 392 430 DBT& 33% RH / 390 DBT & 41%RH DBT 330 DBT&/290DBT 240 DBT 2.3 lps 41 kw per unit 82 kw per car
Inside condition:Present inside condition:Fresh air per passenger :Cooling capacity:-
Operating modes TEMPERATURE FALLING
TEMPERATURE RISING
Set Point + 1.0C
COOL2
COOL2
COOL1 O
o
SETPoint POINT +1C Set + 0.5C
Set Point + 0.5C
COOL1
VENT SET POINT
SET POINT
VENT
Normal Operating Mode In Normal Operating Mode A/C unit provides cooling and ventilation, switching automatically by various sub modes to fulfil specified condition. •
Emergency Operating Mode When 3 Phase. Power supply is not available , ac will work in this mode & will supply fresh air only. •
Smoke Mode In this mode , system shuts off the fresh air intake and provides full recirculation of return air within the saloon. •
Normal operating sub -modes • Vent mode :air is supplied inside saloon without any cooling • Cool-1 mode:air is supplied with cooling (only 50% of cooling capacity is used) • Cool-2 mode:air is supplied with cooling (100% cooling capac ity is used.
Main component of air conditioning system • • •
Refrigeration Equipment Air Transfer Equipment Electrical Equipment
A) Refrigeration equipment 1.Compressor 2. Condenser coil 3. Solenoid valve 4. Thermal exp. Valve 5. Evaporator coil 1. Compressor The function of the compressor is to pump the refrigerant through the system and to compress the low pressure, low temperature refrigerant into a high pressure high temperature super heated vapour, to allow condensing to occur. Type:- Semi-Hermetic Four Cylinder Reciprocating Suction Gas Cooled Speed:- 1450 rpm Swept volume:- 82.21 m3/h Displacement:-945ccm 2. Condenser The function of the condenser coil is to reject the heat from refrigerant absorbed by the evaporator coil and during the compression process Type: Copper finned, copper tube, brass frame heat exchanger Quantity: 2 per unit Air Flow:2700 l/s (each coil)
3. T-X valve The TX valve regulates the refrigerant flow into the evaporator coil, expanding the liquid from high pressure to low pressure, and causing a large drop in refrigerant temperature. Refrigerant R22 Range N -40 → +10 o C Factory Superheat 5 K Max bulb temp. 100 o C Max working pressure 28 bar
4. Evaporator coil The prime function of the evaporator compartment is to deliver conditioned air to the main supply air duct that services the vehicle Type: Quantity: Air Flow: Face Velocity: Cooling Capacity:
Copper finned, copper tube, brass frame heat exchanger. 1 per unit. 1350 l/s ≤ 2.5 m/s 41 kW
5. Dual pressure controller (DPC) Its function is to switch off the refrigeration system in case of adverse system condition . It monitors both the high and low refrigerant pressures. If the low (LP) or high (HP) pressures reach a predetermined set point, the refrigeration system will be shut down. Range:
LP – 50 – 700 kPa HP – 300 – 3000 kPa
Set points:hp fault:- 2800 / 2500 kpa Lp fault :- 50/350 kpa
B. Air Transfer Scheme
Fresh air
Evaporator
S u p p ly
saloon
fa n
saloon
Fresh air damper
1.Supply fan As the name applies , it supplies the conditioned air inside saloon . It draws back 70% of return air & 30% of fresh air & moves past t
Type: Quantity: Supply Air: Motor:-
Two double inlet centrifugal blower wheels with double shafted motor Two (2) per unit 1350 Litres/second at 470 Pa external static pressure 2.2 kw @1500rpm , 415 v
2.Condenser fan Its function is draw the atmospheric air through condenser coil , inside which hot refrigerant is flowing , thus making the heat rejection & condensing the
Type: Multi wing axial fan, 9 blades Quantity: two (2) per unit Direction of flow: Draw through RPM Range: 0 – 2045 rpm Motor:- 2.2 KW @1500rpm , 415 v
3.Air dampers Their function is to control the fresh air & return( recirculated) air volume as per requirement.
Mode
fresh air damper
return air damper
Vent , Cool 1 &2
partially opened
fully opened
Emergency vent
fully opened
fully closed
Smoke vent
fully closed
fully Opened
PNEUMATIC & BRAKE SYSTEM Pneumatic system is mainly used in five items in metro Brake System, Coupler, Suspension, Horn and Pantograph . But pneumatic system work in a unit with common input and different outputs i.e. having a common air supply equipment which supply air at high pressure in two pipes named MAIN PIPE (M.P.) & BRAKE PIPE (B.P.) and other equipment tapped pressure from it. Hence it has been configured as follows:Configuration A B C G L P U W
-
Air Supply equipment Brake Control equipment Mechanical Brake Actuating component Wheel Side Protection equipment Air Suspension equipment Pneumatic Horn equipment Auxiliary Air Supply equipment Automatic Coupler Actuating equipment
-
DT, DT, DT, DT, DT, DT DT, DT,
T T, M T, M T, M T, M T, T, M
A) AIR SUPPLY EQUIPMENT Its mainly consist of three parts:1) Piston Compressor (VV120) 2) Air Dryer Unit (LTZ015 –H) 3) Air Reservoir
Ai r
Piston compress or VV120
Air driyer unit LTZ015-H
Air Reserv oir
1. Piston
Compressor There are two type of compressor:i. Main compressor:1. Discharge air pressure 2. Nominal discharge capacity 3. Type 4. motor motor ii. Auxiliary air compressor 1. Nominal discharge capacity 2. motor -
max. 10 bars. 900 L/min. piston type. 3φ, 415V AC, 50 Hz, induction
70 L/min 110V DC, 860W,10 minute rating
Features of piston compresseor :•
It is W- Shaped 3-Cylinder Unit with 2-Stage compression reciprocating type compressor (see fig.). i. Extremely short design. ii. Optimum cooling for all cylinders.
•
It have self-supporting, Flange- Mounted, Motor – compressor set. i. No additional frame needed. ii. Small installation space.
•
It creates very low sound pressure level. i. Only about 64db(A)/4.6m (76db/1.0m)
•
It have closed circuit splash – type lubrication i. Which allow low oil consumption.
•
It have forced air cool type ******** heat exchanger i.e. radiator.
•
Its cooler Fan speed control by temperature.
•
It also has a torsion ally rigid bellow type coupling between motor and compressor which allow no rotary vibration.
•
It is mounted with car by wire rope isolators for no resonance throughout the whole compressor speed range. Compressor can be drive by AC, DC and hydraulic motor i.e. very low specific power consumption i. It also has low breakaway torque for low starting current even at low temperature.
•
2) Air Dryer Unit (LTZ015 –H) At very high pressure when air is cooled some component of it condense in to liquid which make air wet. So that why an air dryer unit mounted which perform following function on air:1) 2) 3) 4)
Dries the air.(Two column unit) Separate oil & liquid from it.(Oil separator) Filter the foreign partial from it.(MicroFilter) And act as silencer for out going air to reduce noise.(Air silencer)
92.93
Insulators (on LTZO15..H)
A
Drainage port
O..
Exhaust port
P1
Air supply port
P2
Air pipe connection to main reservoir
V...
Valve seat
19a
Tower
19b
Tower
19.7
Desiccant
19.11
Oil separator bowl with Ranching rings
24
Valve cone for check valve
25 34
Bracket Duplex piston valve
3. Air Reservoir There are 2 type of reservoir Main reservoir & Auxiliary reservoir 1) Main reservoir can have 200L of air. 2) Auxiliary reservoir can have _______L of air.
B.BRAKE CONTROL EQUIPMENT The brake system is one of the most important parts of metro and it is controlled and designed to interface with TIMS(Train Integrated Management System) with electrical and pneumatic controls. The two think must be taken in consideration while designing brake system:1) Wheel – slide protection 2) Fail safe system Main component of brake system are:1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
BP (Brake Pipe) BCU (Brake Control Unit) BECU (Brake Electronic Control Unit) ASV (Anti Skied Valve) BBU (Block Brake Unit) 34.15 KNORR K-ring 34.17
KNORR K-ring
43
Valve magnet
50
Regeneration choke
55 56
Piston for pre control valve KNORR K-ring
70
KNORR K-ring
71
Valve head for bypass valve
1)
BAKE PIPE a. It is a tapped pipe from MRP (Main Reservoir Pressure). b. Its max. pressure is 5 bar c. It’s used only for braking propose.
2)
BRAKE CONTROL UNIT
It is a single board which consist many type valves as shown in fig. It has analogue control valve which convert signal from BECU to required pressure. a. Combination of different valve used for different purpose:i.A & B used for service brake. ii.C, D & E used emergency brake. iii.F & G used for auxiliary unit. iv.J, L, M & N used for testing fittings
Different type of braking :i. Service brake ii. Blend brake iii.Emergency brake iv. Parking brake v. Holding brake vi. BP- back up brake
i.
SERVICE BRAKE :a. It is ED (Electro Dynamic) brake. b. It is also Regenerative brakes c. In this motor work as generator and back EMF is produce which recharge the battery. d. And due to generative action and opposite field a braking force is applied on the motor. e. This brake is controlled by C/I of M car.
ii.
BLEND BRAKE
f. It is blending of ED (Electro Dynamic) brake & EP (Electro Pneumatic) brake. g. It is applied when only ED brake is not sufficient. h. Then the remaining amount of brake is applied by EP brake i. EP brake is control by DT car. Hence blend brake is collectively controlled by DT & M car. M car
DT car
Train line brake demand TCU
TCU BECU BECU
Blending request
F set by M & DT F set by M
EP ED V1
iii.
V2
EMERGENCY BRAKE j.
The train set is equipped with an emergency brake loop wire. The emergency brake loop is connected to the emergency brake magnet valve. Which is opened when de-energized and closed when energized (Failsafe system). k. Magnet valve is de-energies by driver or interruption it by pass the MRP i.e. MRP become 0 bar l. Analogue control valve on BCU produce a request signal using load limiting value.
m. Redundancy realized pressure generation.
iv.
for the emergency
brake
PARKING BRAKE n. Parking brake is used for parking the train in depot and these are installed at Driving trailer car and Motor cars (1 set per axle).
o. It can be operated manually or by TIMS. p. It is spring actuated brake. q. In this first MRP pressure goes low (< 4.5 bar) by any mean it release the pressure from spring and brake applied.
v.
HOLDING BRAKE r. The holding brake is provided to prevent the train from rolling backwards on a rising gradient and the train from moving at the station. s. This brake is controlled by C/I of M car. t. The holding brakes are 70% of full service brakes.
vi.
BP- BACK UP BRAKE u. Additional BP (Brake pipe) controlled back-up brake system is provided in order to take over the brake control function in case of failure of individual electronic or electrical control elements. The driver can continue to control the pneumatic friction brake by using the driver's brake valve. v. The driver is able to apply or release the pneumatic brake by operating the driver's brake valve. w. By the brake valve the brake pipe (BP) pressure can be reduced or increased depending on the time the brake lever is maintained at "braking" or "driving". During the normal service brake operation, the drivers brake valve lever shall be maintained at "driving"
C.BRAKE ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT 1.It is microprocessor based control system which deals with many type of signal. 2.It works as an interface between TIMS & BCU.
D. ASV (Anti Skied Valve) Wheel slide protection is used to optimize the stopping distance and to avoid the wheel flats under wheel sliding conditions. Wheel slide protection is active in service brake and Emergency brake.The wheel slide protection acts per bogie on each car by the dump valves (G2). Wheel-slide protection is operational at all speeds down to 3 km/h.Speed sensor mounted on the cover of each axle box, detects the speed of the associated wheel. When a potential wheel-slide event is detected, the BECU will release/apply the brakes through energizing/ de-energizing the magnets of the dump valves or anti skied valve.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19
Econnection Double valve magnet Plate Anchor spring Housing D – piston Compressing spring Control chamber Valve seat Vd Bypass nozzle Nozzle D Bracket To brake cylinder pressure supply To the brake Nozzle C Valve seat Vc C-piston Control chamber Outer valve seat
20
Inner valve seat
Block Brake Unit
1 2
Piston packing ring Piston
44 45
Compensating link Bracket
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Piston return spring Piston pin Cam disc Bearing pin Cam roller Trust ring Adjuster mechanism Hexagon reset head Ball – shaped rod head Torque pin Brake block wedge Brake block shoe Brake block Link pin Hanger Friction member Hanger pin Torsion spring Housing Bellows Cylinder cover Air supply port
46
Return spring
L)AIR SUSPENSION EQUIPMENT
TYPES OF DOOR
PARTITION DOOR CAB SIDE DOOR SALOON DOOR EMERGENCY DOOR
Salient Features of Saloon Door
Obstruction detection Door isolation Emergency operation Fault diagnosis
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SALOON DOOR OPERATION
1. 2. 3. 4.
INPUT SIGNALS CLOSE SIGNAL LOCK SIGNAL EMERGENCY SIGNAL ZERO SPEED SIGNAL
OPEN/CLOSE COMMAND
110 V DC SUPPLY ISOLATION SWITCH
DOOR CONTROL UNIT (DCU)
SOLENOID
MOTOR
ENCODER
SPINDLE SHAFT SPINDLE NUT DRIVE BRACKET DOOR PANEL
DOOR OPEN/CLOSE
TIMS
Types of Coupler –
1. Automatic Front Coupler – Coupler Length (from face to pivot) Coupler Weight Maximum Swing of coupler Horizontal Vertical
1350 5 mm approx. 485 kg approx 45 approx. 6
2. Automatic Intermediate coupler – Coupler Length (from face to pivot) Coupler Weight Maximum Swing of coupler Horizontal Vertical
1350 5 mm approx. 365 kg approx 45 approx. 6
3. Semi Permanent Coupler – Coupler Length (from face to pivot) Coupler Weight Maximum Swing of coupler Horizontal Vertical
1240 5 mm approx. 210 kg approx 45 approx. 6
